A peer-reviewed open-access journa I

ZooKeys 228: |—20 (2012)

doi: 10.3897/zookeys.228.3645 RESEARCH ARTICLE #Zookey

www.zookeys.o rg Launched to accelerate biodiversity research

Review of the genus Tinissa Walker, 1864
(Lepidoptera, Tineidae, Scardiinae) from China,
with description of five new species

Linlin Yang'?, Houhun Li!*

I College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China

T urn:lsid:zoobank. org:author:E501C3B3-9D64-498 2-8 9A8-12C6F265A923
* urn:lsid:zoobank. org:author:FGAABOCO-F3 12-4035-A08B-3DFE03D02F62

Corresponding author: Houhun Li (lihouhun@nankai.edu.cn)

Academic editor: E. van Nieukerken | Received 9 July 2012 | Accepted 1 October 2012 | Published 9 October 2012
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B722530E-6 D75-4429-B048-BC1ADOD48637

Citation: Yang L, Li H (2012) Review of the genus Tinissa Walker, 1864 (Lepidoptera, Tineidae, Scardiinae) from China,
with description of five new species. ZooKeys 228: 1-20. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.228.3645

Abstract

The genus Tinissa Walker is reviewed for China. Seven species are recognized, of which 7! apicimaculata
sp. n., 7) conchata sp. n., T. connata sp. n., T; leguminella sp. n. and T. spirella sp. n. are described as
new; and 7. insularia Robinson, 1976 is newly recorded from China. Photographs of the adults and il-
lustrations of the genitalia are given. A key to all the known Chinese species and a distribution map of

Tinissa in China are included.

Keywords

Lepidoptera, Tineidae, Tinissa, new species, China

Introduction

The genus Tinissa was established by Walker (1864) with 7’ torvella Walker, 1864 as the
type species. It was once included in the subfamily Tinissinae, which was established
by Gozmany and Vari (1973) for Tinissa and Leptozancla Meyrick, 1920. Robinson
(1976) revised the Tinissinae on a worldwide basis, including 32 Tinissa species. Subse-

Copyright Linlin Yang, Houhun Li. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0
(CC-BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

2 Linlin Yang & Houhun Li / ZooKeys 228: 1-20 (2012)

quently, Robinson (1981) described two more species from New Guinea and Borneo,
and proposed a phylogenetic classification for Tinissa. Robinson (1986) synonymized
Tinissinae with the subfamily Scardiinae. Following this treatment, Robinson and
Tuck (1998) described one species from Brunei; and Robinson (2008) elevated the
subspecies Tinissa torvella mysorensis Robinson, 1976 to species level. Currently, Tinissa
comprises 36 named species, 14 of which are described from the Australian Region, 17
from the Oriental Region and five from the Afrotropical Region (Meyrick 1910, 1916,
1917, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1932; Gozmany and Vari 1973; Robinson 1976, 1981,
2008; Zagulajev 1972; Robinson and Tuck 1998).

Prior to this study, 7: indica Robinson, 1976 was recorded in Taiwan (Robinson
1976), but none were recorded from Mainland China. The aim of the present paper
is to review Tinissa in China, describe five new species, and record one species as new
for the Chinese fauna. The distribution of Tinissa in China is shown by map (Fig. 1).

Material and methods

The specimens examined were collected using light traps. Morphological terms in the
descriptions follow Robinson (1976). Whole body dissections were carried out fol-
lowing the methods described by Lee and Brown (2006), and genitalia dissection and
mounting methods follow Li (2002). Photographs of adults were taken with a Nikon
D300, and the genitalia were photographed with an Olympus C7070WZ digital cam-
era. All the studied specimens, including the types, are deposited in the Insect Collec-
tion, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.

Taxonomic accounts

Tinissa Walker, 1864
http://species-id.net/wiki/Tinissa

Tinissa Walker, 1864: 780. Type-species: Tinissa torvella Walker, 1864: 780, by monotypy.
Polymnestra Meyrick, 1927: 331. Type species: Polymnestra perilithas Meyrick, 1927:
331, by monotypy. [Synonymized by Gozmany and Vari 1973: 85.]

Generic characters. Medium to large tineid moths.

Head (Figs 2-3): Vertex and frons white of various shade, usually mixed with
grayish brown scales (Fig. 2a). Compound eye large (Fig. 3a). Antenna about 0.5x
length of forewing; scape with pecten more than 10 bristles; flagellum with elongate
cilia (Fig. 3b). Labial palpus segmental ratio 1:2:2 (Fig. 3c), second segment with a
few bristles and dense tuft, third segment upturned to about 60° (Fig. 2b). Maxillary
palpus (Fig. 3d) with three to five segments.

Review of the genus Tinissa Walker, 1864 (Lepidoptera, Tineidae, Scardiinae)... 3

O5 100 105

’ , 5 ;

125

x.
20
if
0 400
ttt Aa
kilometers we tty
‘ =-s > | 15

Figure |. Distribution of Chinese Tinissa spp. @ T: indica Robinson, 1976 m T: insularia Robinson, 1976
A 7. apicimaculata sp. n. ® T! conchata sp. n. *« T. leguminella sp. n. ¥ T: connata sp. n. T. spirella sp. n.

Forewing (Figs 4-5): Index 0.25-0.30, somewhat rectangular, with termen
slightly concave inward, or lanceovate, with termen obliquely blunt; color brown in
general, with a purplish sheen, with scattered white dots (Fig. 4a); M absent or with
weak trace in cell, R, to costa or apex or just on to termen (R, to costa near apex in all
the seven Chinese species), R, and R, separate, stalked or completely fused (Fig. 5);
with elongate oval patch of small, flat, ovate scales on ventral surface between Ae and
dorsum (Fig. 4b). Hindwing (Figs 4-5) index 0.3-0.35, costa with distal half slightly
concave; grayish brown, shining purplish; with a patch of rough, pale scales opposite
forewing patch, anterior to Sc+R, (Fig. 4c); all veins present (Fig. 5), M stem usu-
ally present, branched or not, weak or conspicuous. Male frenulum with one slender
bristle, female frenulum with two or three bristles (female frenulum with two bristles
in all Chinese species). Legs yellowish white to white; mid tibia usually with a brown
spot at base and two oblique brown bands on outer surface; hind leg elongate, tibia
bearing large tufts of erect scales at apex.

Abdomen (Fig. 6): Second sternite elongate, twice length of other sternites,
with sclerotized eyepatch-shaped trace on anterior half, with small tuft of forward-
directed setae medially (Fig. 6a); corema present or absent in eighth segment in
male, eighth sternite with (Fig. 6b) or without (Fig. 6c) processes; corethrogyne
present or absent in seventh segment in female. Male genitalia (Fig. 7) with tegu-
men and gnathos absent; uncus bilobate, being a pair of lobes of highly interspecific

4 Linlin Yang & Houhun Li / ZooKeys 228: 1-20 (2012)

3d

Figures 2-3. Head structure of Tinissa indica Robinson, 3. 2 Head with scales: 2a dorsal view 2b lateral
view 3 Head scales removed: 3a head, slide No. NKYLLO12 3b antenna 3¢ labial palpus 3d maxillary palpus.

diversity attached to vinculum by membrane or fused with vinculum; subscaphium
elongate and conspicuous, diagnostic at species level; saccus broad and triangu-
lar, or slightly narrow and rodlike; juxta large, closely appressed to valva, diversely

Review of the genus Tinissa Walker, 1864 (Lepidoptera, Tineidae, Scardiinae)... 5

Pn al te

Aly CuP 5

Figures 4-5. Wings of Tinissa indica Robinson, 3.4 Wings and patches: 4a wings 4b oval patch
Ac rough scale patch 5 Venation, slide No. NKYLLO12.

modified; valva usually short and conical; a pair of variously shaped processes aris-
ing from membrane between valva and juxta; labides present, dorsal to aedeagus,
usually a pair of lobes, sometimes fused. Aedeagus of various shape and size, with
or without carina, cornuti absent. Female genitalia with variously shaped eighth
sternite, usually ventrally protuberant; ostium similarly diverse; antrum usually
present, often divided by a narrow, oblique membranous ring at point of junction
with ductus seminalis; ductus bursae usually with transverse, regular constrictions.
Corpus bursae with or without signum.

6 Linlin Yang & Houhun Li / ZooKeys 228: 1-20 (2012)

juxta
uncus lobes

process from membrane
between valve and juxta

subscaphium labides
vinculum valva
transtilla
sacculus
aedeagus
carina

Figures 6-7. Male abdomen of Tinissa indica Robinson. 6 Pregenital abdomen: 6a setae on second

sternite 6b-6c eighth sternite 7 male genitalia (6a-b, 7 slide No. NKYLLO12; 6c Tinissa connata sp. n.,
slide No. YLL11167).

Diagnosis. Members of Tinissa are medium to large sized robust tineid moths
that can be easily recognized by having an elongate, brown-colored forewing with
purple sheen and patterned with faint white dots; the hind legs are elongate and bear
large tufts of erect scales at tibia apex; the male genitalia are characterized by the
bilobate uncus, and the enlarged juxta being a pair of processes, forming a complex

Review of the genus Tinissa Walker, 1864 (Lepidoptera, Tineidae, Scardiinae)... ei

with the valva. Tinissa shares the above characters with Leptozancla, but differs from
Leptozancla by the antenna about 0.5x length of forewing, the forewing with elongate
oval patch of small, flat, ovate scales, the hindwing with patch of rough, pale scales
opposite to the forewing patch; the male genitalia with reduced valva, and the labides
present as a pair of lobes. In Leptozancla, the antenna is as long as the forewing, the
forewing lacks the ovate patch, the hindwing lacks the patch opposite to the forewing
patch, the valva is absent, the labides are present as elongate, posteriorly directed
spines in the male genitalia.

Biology. One species was reared from fungus on bamboo (Robinson 1976).

Distribution. Afrotropical, Oriental and Australian regions, as far east as the Solo-
mon Islands, and as far south as Queensland (Robinson 1986).

Remarks. Robinson (1976) described that the maxillary palpus has three or five
segments. Our whole body dissection of T: indica shows that the maxillary palpus has
four segments in this species (Fig. 3d).

Key to Chinese Jinissa species based on males

(Excluding 77 apicimaculata sp. n. of which the male is unknown)

1 Wingspan > 15.0 mm; first hind tarsal segment with smooth scales............ 2
= Wingspan < 15.0 mm; first hind tarsal segment with rough, raised scales

1G SIO) A 4A Ea.ct meas ttt: pursue tektns nbabebe yiaekin SAnb TDL tat ieM: T. connata sp. n.
2 Saccus broad, triangular; transtilla present; aedeagus stout, with carina....... 3

Saccus elongate, rodlike; transtilla absent; aedeagus slender, without carina.....5
3 Forewing scattered with conspicuous white spots throughout, arranged regu-
larly along margins as well as between veins; transtilla inverted peach-shaped;
acdeacus-completedorsallizand'wenitial Wy cs encode geotss¥e ouetsneonsaunonnviesnee Wen 4
— Forewing diffused with irregular ochreous white dots forming indistinct
transverse striae (Fig. 8); transtilla being two small, sclerotized plates; ae-
deagus dorsally complete, ventrally with narrow slit from apex to middle
(GP 1A) 2, | eaten nt Nase eae ac amare dulted somone note devia eeagtnee Sasa aes T. insularia
4 Uncus lobe crescent; subscaphium triangular; juxta fist-shaped (Fig. 7) ........
eA OR nite oh ik re peeeIER mt -vbcnt Sa RRR ie RR aA T. indica
- Uncus lobe beanpod-shaped; subscaphium bifurcate posteriorly; juxta horn-
SHAG A OMA bree thls carbine ad lavronetaints Sab tietiuk vost T. leguminella sp. n.
5 Uncus lobe ovate, with shallow pocket posterolaterally; subscaphium clubbed,
with elongate setae posteriorly; juxta rectangular in basal 2/3, scallop-shaped
in distal 1/3; valva flask-shaped; aedeagus clubbed, straight, with a row of
Biel Sri esse tall Oy) recat vcilesealser cote: Mega doe mccataevel sataicad aM T. conchata sp. n.
= Uncus lobe L-shaped, with slender hornlike thorn at apex; subscaphium bullet-
like, with slender fingerlike process on each side; juxta spiral; valva pyramidical;
aedeagus needlelike, curved dorsad, without spinule (Fig. 18)... Z. spirella sp. n.

8 Linlin Yang & Houhun Li / ZooKeys 228: 1-20 (2012)

Figures 8-13. Adults of Tinissa spp. 8 T. insularia Robinson, male 9 T: apicimaculata sp. n., holotype,
female 10 7: conchata sp. n., holotype, male || 7: connata sp. n., holotype, male 12 T: leguminella sp. n.,
holotype, male 13 7: spirella sp. n., holotype, male.

Key to Chinese Tinissa species based on females

(Excluding 7’ leguminella sp. n. and T. spirella sp. n., of which the females are unknown)

1 Wingspan > 15.0 mm; first hind tarsal segment with rough, raised scales....2
= Wingspan < 15.0 mm; first hind tarsal segment with smooth scales............ 3
2 Forewing with an ovate, large, blackish brown spot near apex (Fig. 9); core-

LINO Cy TAS ESSE Mure 8c eases ele de otis et lec Suen T. apicimaculata sp. n.

— Forewing without spot near apex (Fig. 11); corethrogyne absent...............0...
Liab Asa Suie She cea he Se SE SMR NS oR Sa RRS RS T. connata sp. n.
3 Posterior margin of eighth tergite deeply concave at middle... eee é

Review of the genus Tinissa Walker, 1864 (Lepidoptera, Tineidae, Scardiinae)... 9

= Posterior margin of eighth tergite slightly sinuate (Fig. 19) ........... T. indica
4 Antrum almost as long as sternite, junction with ductus seminalis at 2/3;
ductus bursae with conspicuously coarse transverse constrictions (Fig. 21) ...
LePt ees rma. SY svt Aner Rit eeteneer tid bert iieanL se een IE ese I, T. conchata sp. n.
— Antrum shorter than sternite, junction with ductus seminalis at one-half,
ductus bursae with very fine transverse constrictions (Robinson 1976:

| EAC rari eRe Meee he, Mielec eee et aes in Pep eel dl T. insularia

Tinissa indica Robinson, 1976
http://species-id.net/wiki/Tinissa_indica
Figs 1-7, 19

Tinissa indica Robinson, 1976: 282.

Material examined. CHINA, Hainan Province: 1 9, Mt. Diaoluo (18°28'N, 109°31'E),
940 m, 31.v.2007, leg. Zhiwei Zhang and Weichun Li, genitalia slide No. ZL09028;
1 4, Mt. Yingge (19°01'N, 109°33'E), 30.ix.2011, leg. Bingbing Hu, genitalia slide
No. YLL11135m, YLL11135w; 1 ¢, Nancha River, Mt. Bawang (19°04'N, 109°02'E),
600 m, 9.vi.2007, leg. Zhiwei Zhang and Weichun Li; 2 43, East first Protection Sta-
tion, Mt. Bawang, 650 m, 7.iv.2008, leg. Bingbing Hu and Haiyan Bai, genitalia slide
No. NKYLLO12; 1 4, East Administration, Mt. Bawang, 8.v.2011, leg. Dandan Zhang
and Lifeng Yang; 1 3, Mt. Wuzhi (18°46'N, 109°30'E), 650 m, 15.v.2007, leg. Zhiwei
Zhang and Weichun Li; 2 34, Mt. Limu (19°09'N, 109°28'E), 5.v.2011, leg. Dandan
Zhang and Lijun Yang. Yunnan Province: | 3, Bubang (21°36'N, 101°35'E), Mengla,
650 m, 25.vii.2008, leg. Yingdang Ren, genitalia slide No. XYL05049.

Diagnosis. Adult (Figs 2-5) with wingspan 24.0-28.0 mm in male, 30.0 mm in fe-
male. Tinissa indica can be easily recognized from its congeners by the male genitalia hav-
ing a pair of crescent-shaped uncus lobes, the triangular subscaphium with wide, fingerlike
process posterolaterally, and the fist-shaped juxta (Figs 6-7), and by the female genitalia
having the eighth sternite ventrally protuberant and the hemispherical antrum (Fig. 19).

Distribution. China (Hainan, Yunnan, Taiwan), India, Sikkim, Bhutan.

Tinissa insularia Robinson, 1976
http://species-id.net/wiki/Tinissa_insularia
Figs 1, 8, 14

Tinissa insularia Robinson, 1976: 285; Robinson, 1981: 371.

Material examined. CHINA, Yunnan Province: 1 <, Baka Village, Menglun Town
(21°56'N, 101°15E), Mengla County, 620 m, 6.VIH.2010, leg. Yinghui Sun and Lixia
Li, genitalia slide No. YLL11138.

10 Linlin Yang & Houhun Li / ZooKeys 228: 1-20 (2012)

Figures 14-18. Male genitalia of Tinissa spp. 14 T- insularia Robinson, slide No. YLL11138 15 T° conchata
sp. n., paratype, slide No. YLL10196 16 7: connata sp. n., paratype, slide No. YLL11167 17 T: leguminella
sp. n., paratype, slide No. XYL05048 18 T° spirella sp. n., holotype, slide No. XYL05050.

Diagnosis. Adult (Fig. 8) with male wingspan 17.0 mm. Tinissa insularia is close
to T: spirella sp. n., but differs as noted in the description of the new species.

Distribution. China (Yunnan), Malaysia, Borneo, Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Cel-
ebes, Moluccas), Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao, Palawan, Balabac, Tawi Tawi), New
Guinea (Papua, Karkar I., New Britain), Solomon Is.

Notes. This species is recorded for the first time in China.

Review of the genus Tinissa Walker, 1864 (Lepidoptera, Tineidae, Scardiinae)... 11

Tinissa apicimaculata sp. n.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DA24EC3C-3D69-4107-8D07-79A9F1B8841A
http://species-id.net/wiki/Tinissa_apicimaculata

Figs. 1.9520

Type material. Holotype 2 - CHINA, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region:
Jinxiu County (24°08'N, 110°11'E), 550 m, 15.1V.2002, leg. Shulian Hao and Huai-
jun Xue, genitalia slide No. YLL11136.

Diagnosis. The new species is a distinctive species: the forewing markings are diag-
nostic, with an ovate, large, blackish brown spot near apex. It is small-sized as Tinissa
connata sp. n., but can be easily recognized by the superficial characters.

Description. Adult (Fig. 9): Wingspan 12.0 mm in female. Vertex and frons
creamy white. Antenna with scape and pecten white, pecten about 10-20 bristles;
flagellum yellowish white. Labial palpus creamy white, second segment and tuft yel-
lowish brown on outer surface. Thorax and tegula creamy white, anterior margin dark
brown. Forewing index 0.27, lanceovate, apex protruded roundly, termen oblique;
ground color creamy white on basal 1/3, yellowish brown on distal 2/3, gradually
darker to apex, shining copperish violet; patterned with indistinct, faint transverse
striae, with large, blackish brown ovate spot near apex; M absent in cell, R, and R,
separated; fringe brown, pale yellowish brown at middle, forming a line parallel with
pale yellowish brown basal line. Hindwing index 0.3; grayish brown, yellowish brown
near apex, shining copperish violet; M stem conspicuous, not branched; fringe yellow-
ish brown. Legs dominantly creamy white; fore femur with narrow, blackish brown
spot on ventral surface, tibia blackish brown on outer surface, tarsus with fifth segment
dark brown; mid tibia distally with oblique dark brown band on outer surface, spurs
with oblique black band before apex, tarsus with middle portion of first and second
segments dark brown, lighter on inner surface; hind tibial tuft creamy white on basal
half, blackish brown on distal half, spurs with oblique blackish bands before apex, tar-
sus with basal half of first segment grayish brown, with rough, raised scales on dorsal
surface, second and third segments blackish brown.

Male. Unknown.

Female genitalia (Fig. 20). Corethrogyne present in seventh segment. Eighth
tergite rectangular, with sparse long setae on posterior margin; sternite hemicyclic,
ventrally protuberant in short, tubular shape, with a pair of small, setose, mastoid
processes at middle on posterior margin. Apophysis anterior 0.5x length of apophysis
posterior. Ostium situated at middle of eighth sternite on posterior margin. Antrum
absent; ductus bursae 3.5x length of corpus bursae, posterior 1/4 narrow, anterior 3/4
broader, 2.0x width of posterior 1/4. Corpus bursae ovate, without signum.

Distribution. China (Guangxi).

Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin prefix apici- (= apex) and
maculatus (= macula), referring to the ovate, blackish brown spot near apex of forewing.

Remarks. In Tineidae, new species are usually described on the basis of male speci-
mens. However, 7inissa is an exception. Among the 36 nominal species, seven are based

12 Linlin Yang & Houhun Li / ZooKeys 228: 1-20 (2012)

Figures 19-22. Female genitalia of Tinissa spp. 19 T. indica Robinson, slide No. ZL09028 20 T.:
apicimaculata sp. n., holotype, slide No. YLL11136 21 T. conchata sp. n., paratype, slide No.
YLL11140 22 T. connata sp. n., paratype, slide No. YLL11137.

Review of the genus Tinissa Walker, 1864 (Lepidoptera, Tineidae, Scardiinae)... 13

on both male and female, 14 on male and 15 on female only. As there is no sexual
dimorphism in this genus, Tinissa apicimaculata sp. n. is distinctive from other species
— most likely also in the male — by the forewing having an ovate blackish spot near apex.

Tinissa conchata sp. n.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1|A49EDE3-1411-45DB-99AA-EF22FBA1201E
http://species-id.net/wiki/Tinissa_conchata

Figs Ly 10,15, 21

Type material. Holotype ~@ - CHINA, Fujian Province: Mt. Wuyi (27°45'N,
118°02'E), 740 m, 25.vii.2008, leg. Weichun Li, Yongling Sun and Haiyan Bai. Parat-
ypes: 2 Oo, same data as holotype except dated 27.vii.2008. Guangdong Province:1
ae Nanling Mt. Babao (24°24'N, 113°08'E), 1070 m, 23.viii.2010, leg. Shulian Hao,
genitalia slide No. YLL10196. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: 1 <, Qinmu-
cun, Yongfu County (24°58'N, 109°58'E), 160 m, 1.v.2008, leg. Hui Zhen and Li
Zhang; | 5, Yachang Forest, Leye County (24°47'N, 106°33'E), 910 m, 28.vii.2004,
leg. Jiasheng Xu, genitalia slide No. MYH11089; 1 9, Dongzhong Forest (21°37'N,
107°32'E), Fangchenggang City, 370 m, 9.iv.2002, leg. Shulian Hao and Huaijun
Xue, genitalia slide No. YLL11140; 1 5, Honggi Forest, Shangsi County (22°09'N,
107°59'E), 260 m, 2.1V.2002, leg. Shulian Hao and Huaijun Xue.

Diagnosis. The new species is similar to 7: amboinensis Robinson, 1976, T.
cinerascens Meyrick, 1910 and T. distracta Meyrick, 1916 in the forewing having
fine transverse striae; the ovate uncus lobe with shallow pocket posterolaterally, the
clubbed subscaphium setose posteriorly, the rodlike saccus expanded anteriorly, and
the slender aedeagus in male genitalia; and the antrum divided by a membranous
ring at point of junction with ductus seminalis in the female genitalia. However,
the shapes of the valva, the juxta and the aedeagus in the male genitalia are differ-
ent among the four species: in the new species, the valva is flask-shaped, the juxta is
rectangular basally and scallop-shaped distally, with dentation on posterior margin,
and the aedeagus has small spinules; in 7. amboinensis, the valva is triangular, the
juxta is roundly lobe-shaped, with smooth margins, the aedeagus lacks the carina or
spinule (Robinson 1976, Fig. 46); in 7. cinerascens, the valva is triangular, the juxta
is somewhat triangular, with smooth margins, the aedeagus lacks carina or spinule
(Robinson 1976, Fig. 48); in 7: distracta, the valva is triangular, the juxta has two
small conical projections on inner surface, the aedeagus bears two small carinae be-
fore apex (Robinson 1976, Fig. 45). Besides, the structures of the eighth segment,
the position of the membranous ring on the antrum and the shape of the antrum in
the female genitalia are also different among the four species.

Description. Adult (Fig. 10): Wingspan 16.0-20.0 mm in male, 22.0 mm in fe-
male. Vertex yellowish white; frons with creamy white scales directed forward, tinged
with dark brown scales laterally. Antenna with scape and pecten white, pecten more
than 20 bristles; flagellum ochreous white, first segment dark brown above. Labial pal-

14 Linlin Yang & Houhun Li / ZooKeys 228: 1-20 (2012)

pus creamy white; second segment and tuft blackish brown above, mixed with black
scales on outer surface and distal half of inner surface; third segment with oblique,
blackish brown band near middle. Thorax and tegula creamy white, anterior mar-
gin dark brown. Forewing index 0.25, subrectangular, apex bluntly rounded, termen
oblique; ground color yellowish white to yellowish brown, shining bluish violet, scat-
tered with unconspicuous, transverse, fine grayish brown striae, with large dark brown
spot at distal 3/5 and 2/3 of costa as well as at basal 1/4 near fold; M absent in cell,
R,and R, separated; fringe brown. Hindwing index 0.32; pale grayish brown, shin-
ing bluish violet, distal 1/5 with faint, grayish brown striae; all veins present, M stem
distinct in cell, branched at middle; fringe yellowish brown. Legs creamy white; fore
femur with narrow, blackish brown spot on ventral surface, tibia blackish brown on
outer surface, first segment of tarsus with large, blackish spot on outer surface, third
and fourth segments mixed with dark brown; mid tibia with three broad oblique dark
brown bands on outer surface, spurs with oblique dark brown band before apex, first
to fourth segments of tarsus with large, blackish brown spot on outer surface; hind
tibial tuft pale yellowish brown, forming two pale grayish brown clusters, blackish and
shining purple at apex, tarsus and spurs of same pattern with mid leg.

Male genitalia (Fig. 15). Corema present; eighth sternite slightly convex at mid-
dle on posterior margin. Uncus lobe ovate, heavily sclerotized, with long setae on
dorsal surface; apex pointed, setose, with shallow pocket posterolaterally. Subscaphium
clubbed, 0.6x length of saccus, anterior 4/5 smooth, posterior 1/5 with elongate se-
tae. Saccus elongate, rodlike, expanded anteriorly. Juxta heavily sclerotized, each lobe
rectangular in basal 2/3, scallop-shaped in distal 1/3, with dentation and fine setae on
posterior margin. Valva flask-shaped, basal 3/5 about 2.0x width of distal 2/5; pro-
cess from membrane between valva and juxta papillary, with short setae on posterior
margin. Transtilla absent. Labides with anterior 4/5 slender, posterior 1/5 umbrella-
shaped. Aedeagus slender, clubbed, 1.4x length of saccus, straight, pointed at apex,
complete ventrally and dorsally, with a row of 6 or 7 small spinules.

Female genitalia (Fig. 21). Corethrogyne present in seventh segment. Eighth ter-
gite shield-shaped, with sparse short setae, lateral margins slightly concave at anterior
1/3, anterior margin concave at middle, anterolateral side protruding triangularly, pos-
terior margin incised, deeply concave at middle, forming a pair of small papillary lat-
eral processes; sternite tapered, posterior margin concave at middle, forming two over-
lapped plates, between two plates with a tubular chunnel. Ostium at middle of middle
concavity on posterior margin of eighth sternite. Apophysis anterior 0.3x length of
apophysis posterior. Antrum heavily sclerotized, divided at posterior 2/3 by a narrow,
oblique membranous ring at point of junction with ductus seminalis, posterior 2/3
broader and less sclerotized than anterior 1/3; ductus bursae pipe-shaped, with coarse,
transverse, regular constrictions, posterior 4/5 slightly sclerotized, anterior 1/5 slightly
expanded and incurvate. Corpus bursae as long as ductus bursae, without signum.

Distribution. China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi).

Etymology. ‘The specific name is derived from the Latin conchatus (= conchoidal),
referring to the scallop-shaped distal half of the juxta.

Review of the genus Tinissa Walker, 1864 (Lepidoptera, Tineidae, Scardiinae)... 15

Tinissa connata sp. n.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F528F4DB-C10C-470B-A2DA-B95CD21E454B
http://species-id.net/wiki/Tinissa_connata

Rigs. 135-66, 101,916,222

Type material. Holotype ¢@ - CHINA, Fujian Province: Guadun (27°44'N,
117°38'E), Mt. Wuyi, 1100 m, 29.VH.2008, leg. Weichun Li, Yongling Sun and
Haiyan Bai, genitalia slide No. XYL08114. Paratypes: Guangdong Province: 1 <,
Nanling, Shaoguan City (24°48'N, 113°35'E), 22-28.V1.2008, leg. Liusheng Chen,
genitalia slide No. YLL11167. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region: 1 2, Mt.
Daming (23°09'N, 108°16'E), Nanning City, 1200 m, 5.VHI.2011, leg. Shulian Hao
and Yinghui Sun, genitalia slide No. YLL11137.

Diagnosis. The new species can be easily recognized by the small-sized body and
the rough, raised scales on the first hind tarsal segment. These characters are also pre-
sent in 7. apicimaculata sp. n., but the forewing of T: apicimaculata sp. n. is darker in
color, and has an ovate blackish brown spot near apex that is absent in 7° connata sp. n.

Description. Adult (Fig. 11): Wingspan 12.5 mm. Vertex and frons ochreous
white, tinged with grayish brown around antenna. Antenna with scape and pecten
ochreous white, pecten more than 20 bristles; flagellum yellowish brown, first segment
with blackish brown above. Labial palpus white, second segment and tuft blackish
brown above, mixed with blackish brown on distal half of inner surface and on outer
surface, third segment with oblique, blackish brown band before apex. Thorax and
tegula white, anterior margin dark brown. Forewing index 0.26, lanceolate, apex pro-
truded triangularly; ground color pale yellowish brown, gradually darker from base to
apex, shining bluish violet, with scattered dark brown dots throughout, concentrated
from costal 1/4 to dorsal 1/6, forming a discontinuous oblique stria; costal margin
with conspicuous creamy white dot at distal 1/3 and 1/4; M with weak trace in cell, R f
and R, separated; fringe brown. Hindwing index 0.32; yellowish brown, shining bluish
violet; M stem conspicuous in cell, branched at middle; fringe pale yellowish brown.
Legs ochreous white; fore coxa and femur mixed with brown on ventral surface, tibia
blackish brown ventrally, tarsus with first segment on outer surface as well as fourth
and fifth segments blackish brown; mid tibia with blackish brown spot at base, with
a narrow, blackish brown band at middle, with an oblique dark brown band before
apex, spurs with oblique dark band before apex, first segment of tarsus with blackish
brown spot at base and middle, fourth segment dark brown; hind tibial tuft pale yel-
lowish brown, distal scales with dark brown tips, tarsus with first segment dark brown
on distal half, bearing rough, raised scales on dorsal surface, second segment with small
blackish brown dot near base dorsally, fourth segment dark brown.

Male genitalia (Fig. 16). Corema present; eighth sternite straight on posterior
margin. Uncus lobe deeply emarginated posteriorly, forming two processes: inner pro-
cess short, bears stub spiculas; outer process 2.5x length of inner one, with spiculas
varying in length, pectinated; with a large rounded flap arising from near posterior
margin. Subscaphium cheliform, anterior 3/4 slender, slightly curved ventrad, poste-

16 Linlin Yang & Houhun Li / ZooKeys 228: 1-20 (2012)

rior 1/3 broadened, with deeply U-shaped concavity at middle on posterior margin.
Saccus broad triangular, narrowed anteriorly, rounded apically. Juxta sclerotized, each
lobe triangular, pointed at apex, serrate along inner margin. Valva fully fused with
juxta; process from membrane between valva and juxta foliole-shaped, bearing a small
apical process and some short setae before apex. Transtilla trapezoidal, fully fused with
labides. Labides peach-shaped. Aedeagus stout, as long as saccus, broadened to flared
apex, slightly curved ventrad, ventrally complete, with large, triangular flap at base,
dorsally with a deep cleft, without carina or spinule.

Female genitalia (Fig. 22). Corethrogyne absent, with deciduous setae on pos-
terior margin of seventh segment. Eighth tergite semicircularly concave on anterior
margin, and forming rounded plate posterolaterally, with a few short setae on poste-
rior margin; eighth sternite semicircularly concave on anterior margin, forming semi-
cylindrical plate anterolaterally extending to tergite, attached with apophysis posterior,
setose and slightly concave at middle on posterior margin, with ovate ventral protuber-
ance on ventral margin of ostium. Apophysis anterior 0.3x length of apophysis poste-
rior. Antrum short, divided at posterior 2/3 by a membranous ring at point of junction
with ductus seminalis on right; ductus bursae 3.0x length of corpus bursae, posterior
1/5 with transverse constrictions, anterior 4/5 smooth. Corpus bursae pear-shaped,
with large, heavily sclerotized, inverted funnel-shaped signum.

Distribution. China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi).

Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin connatus (= connate),
referring to the fusion of the juxta and valva.

Remarks. ‘The single female specimen was not collected in the same locality as the
male specimens, but it has the same forewing patterns as the males do, and its first hind
tarsal segment has the rough, raised scales, which are characteristic for this species. The
rough, raised scales on the first hind tarsal segment are also present in 7: apicimaculata
sp. n. and T! spaniastra Meyrick, 1932, but the forewing of T° apicimaculata sp. n. has
an ovate blackish brown spot near apex, and the members of 7. spaniastra are larger in
size (25 mm in male, 20—27 mm in female (Robinson 1976)). In addition, the genita-
lia structures of the above mentioned species are also different.

Tinissa leguminella sp. n.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D9425924-508D-475F-B2A6-A21B746E84DC
http://species-id.net/wiki/Tinissa_leguminella

Fis ls boseL7,

Type material. Holotype 3 - CHINA, Yunnan Province: Rare Botanical Garden,
Ruili (24°00'N, 97°50'E), 1000 m, 5.VIII.2005, leg. Yingdang Ren, genitalia slide No.
YLL11139. Paratype: , same data as holotype except dated 7.VIII.2005, genitalia
slide No. XYL05048.

Diagnosis. Tinissa leguminella sp. n. is similar to T: indica in having a similar
forewing pattern, a broad and triangular saccus and a short and conical valva in the

Review of the genus Tinissa Walker, 1864 (Lepidoptera, Tineidae, Scardiinae)... ie

male genitalia. However, the new species can be recognized from the latter by the
beanpod-shaped uncus lobe, the bifurcate subscaphium, the horn-shaped juxta, the
process from the membrane between the valva and the juxta with basal 3/5 nearly
parallel dorso-ventrally, widended at distal 2/5, then narrowed to melanised and setose
apex, and the aedeagus with short carina in the male genitalia. In 7! indica, the uncus
lobe is crescent, the subscaphium is triangular, the juxta is fist-shaped, the process from
the membrane between the valva and the juxta is fingerlike, and the aedeagus has long
carina in the male genitalia.

Description. Adult (Fig. 12): Male wingspan 16.5-19.0 mm. Vertex ochreous yel-
low, tinged with blackish brown near eyes; frons ochreous yellow, with blackish brown
scales laterally. Antenna with scape and pecten ochreous white, pecten more than 20
bristles; flagellum yellowish brown, first two segments blackish brown above. Labial
palpus creamy white; second segment brown on outer surface, mixed with creamy
white at middle and apex, tuft black; third segment with dark brown spot at base
and distal 1/3 on outer surface. Thorax ochreous white, posterior 1/3 grayish brown;
tegula creamy white, anterior 1/3 dark brown, posterior 1/3 mixed with yellowish
brown. Forewing index 0.25, rectangular, apex protruded triangularly, termen slightly
concave inward at about anterior 1/3; ground color brown, shining dark purplish, scat-
tered with conspicuous white spots throughout, regularly arranged along margins as
well as between veins, more white spots concentrated in basal 1/5, near fold and at up-
per angle of cell; M absent in cell, R 4 and R, separated; fringe brown. Hindwing index
0.32; pale grayish brown, shining dark purplish, with small pale dots apically; M stem
conspicuous in cell, branched at middle; fringe yellowish brown. Fore leg yellowish
brown, femur with narrow, dark brown spot on ventral surface, tibia blackish brown,
tarsus blackish brown except apex of first segment as well as fifth segment ochreous
white; mid leg ochreous yellow, tibia with three oblique, blackish brown bands on
outer surface, broader near apex, shorter spur with oblique blackish brown band on
outer surface, longer spur yellowish brown on outer surface, tarsus with first segment
dark brown at base and middle, third and fourth segments dark brown; hind leg pale
yellowish brown, tibia ochreous white at basal 2/3 ventrally, tuft dark grayish brown,
forming two clusters at spurs, spurs ochreous white ventrally, dark brown dorsally but
yellowish at apex, first segment of tarsus ochreous white ventrally, with dark brown
spot at base on outer surface, with large, dark brown spot from basal 1/3 to before apex
on outer surface, other tarsal segments yellowish brown ventrally, third and fourth seg-
ments blackish brown dorsally.

Male genitalia (Fig. 17). Corema present; eighth sternite straight on posterior
margin. Uncus lobe beanpod-shaped, hornlike and heavily sclerotized, sparsely setose
on distal half, with shallow pocket distally. Subscaphium fused anteriorly, bifurcate
from 1/4, forming long band-shaped lobe on each side, gradually narrowed to blunt
apex. Saccus broad triangular. Juxta heavily sclerotized, each lobe stout, narrow ba-
sally, dilated distally; apex straight, setose, and melanised; basally fused and protruded
ventrad, forming a plate with a vertical ridge at middle. Valva short, conical, apex nar-
rowly rounded, with long distal setae; process from membrane between valva and juxta

18 Linlin Yang & Houhun Li / ZooKeys 228: 1-20 (2012)

with basal 3/5 nearly parallel dorso-ventrally, widended at distal 2/5, then narrowed to
melanised and setose apex. Transtilla broad, inverted peach-shaped. Labides concave
at middle on posterior margin, with mastoid process posterolaterally. Aedeagus stout,
clubbed, 1.5x length of saccus, gently curved dorsad, complete dorsally and ventrally,
with a short carina arising from distal 1/4 ventrally.

Female. Unknown.

Distribution. China (Yunnan).

Etymology. ‘The specific name is derived from the Latin /egumin- (= legume) and
the postfix -e//us, referring to the beanpod-shaped uncus lobe.

Tinissa spirella sp. n.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 15 1565EB-709E-4628-AAD4-81CCDE40A961
http://species-id.net/wiki/Tinissa_spirella

Figs?) 3, 18

Type material: Holotype ¢ - CHINA, Sichuan Province: Wolong Nature Re-
serves (31°01'N, 103°10'E), 1900 m, 7.VIII.2004, leg. Yingdang Ren, genitalia
slide No. XYL05050.

Diagnosis. The new species is similar to 7: conchata sp. n. by having an elongate,
rodlike saccus and a slender aedeagus. It can be recognized from the latter by the L-
shaped uncus lobe with an apical thorn, the subovate subscaphium with slender fin-
gerlike process on each side, the spiral juxta, the pyramidical valva, and the needlelike
aedeagus curved dorsad, without spinule. In 7° conchata sp. n., the uncus lobe is ovate,
with shallow pocket posterolaterally; the subscaphium is clubbed, with elongate setae
posteriorly, the juxta is rectangular in basal 2/3 and scallop-shaped in distal 1/3, the
valva is flask-shaped, and the clubbed aedeagus is straight, with a row of small spinules.

Description. Adult (Fig. 13): Male wingspan 20.0 mm. Vertex ochreous yellow,
posterior margin ochreous white; frons ochreous white, tinged with ochreous yellow.
Antenna with scape and pecten ochreous white, pecten about 10-20 bristles; flagellum
pale yellowish brown, first segment blackish brown above. Labial palpus with first and
second segments creamy white on inner surface, dark brown mixed yellowish brown
on outer surface; third segment ochreous yellow, with yellowish brown spot at base
and before apex on outer surface. Thorax creamy white mixed with dark grayish brown
scales; tegula with anterior half dark grayish brown, posterior half creamy white but
pale gray at middle. Forewing index 0.27, rectangular, apex protruded triangularly,
termen slightly concave inward at about 2/5; yellowish brown mixed with grayish
brown, shining bluish violet, with scattered faint white dots, large and conspicuous at
base, along costa, termen and dorsum; M absent in cell, R : and R, separated. Hindwing
index 0.32; grayish brown, shining bluish violet; M stem conspicuous in cell, branched
at middle; fringe pale grayish brown. Legs yellowish brown; fore femur dark brown on
ventral surface, tarsus with first segment blackish brown on outer surface, with faint
dark brown spots on outer surface of second to fifth segments; mid tibia with blackish

Review of the genus Tinissa Walker, 1864 (Lepidoptera, Tineidae, Scardiinae)... 19

brown spot at base, with one narrow, blackish brown band at middle, with one broad,
oblique, dark brown band before apex on outer surface, tarsus with small, blackish
brown spot at base and middle on outer surface of first segment; hind tibial tuft pale
yellowish brown, blackish brown before apex on outer surface, tarsus with first seg-
ment dark brown at base and apex on dorsal surface, with long, fine scales dorsally,
third segment dark brown dorsally.

Male genitalia (Fig. 18). Corema present; eighth sternite straight on posterior
margin. Uncus lobe L-shaped, widely spaced to each other, completely fused with
vinculum; distal half setose dorsally, with a large apical thorn. Subscaphium bullet-
like, with a pair of small and narrow triangular protuberances at middle on anterior
margin, with a slender fingerlike process arising from anterior 2/5 of each side, 0.5x
length of subscaphium. Saccus rodlike. Juxta heavily sclerotized, each lobe spiral, with
long setae ventrally, fused on inner margin. Valva short, heavily sclerotized, more or
less triangular, apex pointed, dorsal margin with long setae; process from membrane
between valva and juxta mastoid, with short setae at apex. Transtilla absent. Labides
small, triangular, heavily sclerotized. Aedeagus very slender, needlelike, 1.2x length
of saccus, curved dorsad, complete dorsally and ventrally, roundly protruded at base
ventrally, without carina or spinule.

Female. Unknown.

Distribution. China (Sichuan).

Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin spirellus (= spiral), refer-
ring to the small, spiral, whorl-shaped juxta.

Discussion

The genus Tinissa is unique among the 30 genera of the subfamily Scardiinae. It is
highly diagnostic by the hind legs bearing large tufts of erect scales at apex of the tibia.
Based on this character, we assign five new species to this genus.

As all the nominal species were well described and illustrated by previous taxonomists
(Robinson 1976, 1981; Robinson and Tuck 1998; Gozmany and Vari 1973; Zagulajev
1972), we examined only the holotypes of T: araucariae Robinson, 1976, T: bakeri
Robinson, 1976, T: insignis Zagulajev, 1972, T: parallela Robinson, 1976, T: polysema
Zagulajev, 1972) as well as the paratype of 7: insularia Robinson, 1976 that were avail-
able during this study. Besides, the shape of valvat+juxta complex and the uncus lobes
in the male genitalia as well as the eighth sternite and the ostium in the female genitalia
are highly diverse among species, which makes the species identification more effective.

Acknowledgements

We express our thanks to Dr. Yunli Xiao (Huanggang) and Ms Li Zhang (Tianjin)

for dissecting and Professor Min Wang (Guangzhou) for providing some speci-

20 Linlin Yang & Houhun Li / ZooKeys 228: 1-20 (2012)

mens. We also thank anonymous referees for their useful comments and sugges-
tions. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of

China (No. 30930014).

References

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www.nhm.ac.uk/entomology/tineidae/index.html

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