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m

rHEBOOK OF DIGNITIES;

CONTAINING

LISTS OF THE OFFICIAL PEKSONAGES
OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE,

CIVIL, DIPLOMATIC, HERALDIC, JUDICIAL, ECCLESIASTICAL, MUNICIPAL,
NAVAL, AND MILITARY,

FROM THE EARLIEST PERIODS TO THE PRESENT TIME:

TOGETHER WITH THE

SOVEREIGNS AND RULERS OF THE WORLD,

FROM THE FOUNDATION OP THEIR RESPECTrVE STATES;

PHE ORDERS OF KNIGHTHOOD OF THE UNITED KINGDOM & INDIA

AND NUMEROUS OTHER LISTS.

FOUNDED ON BEATSON'S POLITICAL INDEX (1806);

RE-MODELLED, AND BROUGHT DOWN TO 1851,

BY THE LATE JOSEPH HAYDN;

CONTINUED TO THE PRESENT TIME,
WITH NUMEROUS ADDITIONAL LISTS, AND AN INDEX TO THE ENTIRE WORK,

BY HORACE OCKERBY,

SOLICITOB OP THE SUPREME COURT.

LONDON :

W. H. ALLEN AND CO., 18 WATERLOO PLACE. S.W.
AND AT CALCUTTA.

1890.

[All Bights Beserved.]

PA' 3^
H3

LONDON :

PKINTED BY W. H. ALLKN AND CO.. 13 \VATERLO<J PLA< E.

PALL MALT.. S.W.

^„-i4^:y MORSE STBPHEMS

a-C

PEEFACE.

Beatson's Political Index, on which the Book of Dignities is
founded, was first pubhshed in 1786. It went through three
editions, the last of which was pubhshed in 1806, and has, of
course, been long out of print. It contained many lists of
little practical utility, and its usefulness was also impaired by a
want of systematic arrangement. Still it was, without doubt, a
valuable book ; and the fact of three large editions having been
issued and speedily exhausted, shows that a work of this character
is always appreciated.

In the year 1851 the late Joseph Haydn, well known as the
compiler of the Dictionary of Dates and other similar works of
reference, published a new edition of the Political Index, under
the title of The Book of Dignities. In the preparation of this
edition Haydn took Beatson's work as the foundation, eliminated
from it such lists as he considered superfluous, re-arranged the
remainder somewhat more methodically, and brought the book
down to date. The general opinion appears to have been that

511462

iv PREFACE.

Haydn was rather too sweeping in his excisions, and that some
of the hsts omitted by him might have been retained with
advantage.

• Like its predecessor, the Book of Dignities in its tm-n was soon
out of print, and has almost, if not quite, attained the rank of a
" scarce " book. It seldom occurs in auctioneers' or booksellers'
catalogues, and, when a stray copy comes into the market, it
fetches a price as high as or higher than that at which it was
originally published, although nearly forty years out of date,
and consequently useless as a modern or correct guide.

Under these circumstances it seemed to me that the time
had arrived when a new and revised edition of so useful a book
might be published with advantage ; and I can only express a
hope that my opinion may be justified by the event. I have
restored some of the more useful of the lists omitted by Haydn,
and have added many others, so as to make the work as complete
as possible.

As examples of the additional lists, I may mention the Deans,
the Lord-Lieutenants, the Officers of the Heralds' College, the
County Court Judges, the Queen's Counsel, the Colonial Governors
and Bishops, and many of the minor orders of knighthood.
Besides these, a large number of Dignities have been created
since 1851, so that altogether whilst Haydn's edition contained
only about four hundred lists, the present work contains over
thirteen hundred. I have omitted the so-called " Pkeuage,"
which was very meagre and incomplete, as all information under
this head can now be easily supplied from sources well known, and
easily accessible ; and, in order to economise space, I have greatly
curtailed the introductory notes, which were frequently incorrect
or obsolete. I have, however, added to each Dignity a reference

PREFACE. V

to the Statutes, Orders in Council, or Letters Patent, creating or
affecting it. This will enable the reader to obtain full and
accurate information on the subject.

But the great feature of the present edition is the Index of
Names, which now appears for the first time, and which, I think
and hope, cannot faU greatly to increase the utility of the work.
It is so arranged as to give to the name of each person a list
of every dignity or office held by him. I need not dwell upon
the labour such a task has involved, it being nearly a repetition
of the book itself, although, by the use of abbreviations, com-
pressed into fewer pages. In compiling this Index, I was met
with a formidable difficulty by reason of the different ways in
which the same name was spelt, which rendered it almost
impossible to adhere to the usual alphabetical or lexicographical
arrangement. I was to some extent prepared for this, but I own
I was surprised to find how little regard was, even down to
comparatively modern times, paid to uniformity of spelling. I
have endeavoured to overcome the difficulty by a plentiful use of
cross-references, and would ask the reader's careful attention to
the observations prefixed to the Index at pages 943-4. The
preparation of this Index has greatly delayed the publication of the
book. I could not even commence to arrange the -names until the
whole body of the work was in type ; and, being actively
engaged in the duties of my profession, I was only able to devote
a few hours each day to the task.

It is so obvious that a work of this kind, where every line
contains a name and a date, cannot be free from errors, that it
seems hardly necessary to make the usual conventional apology
for unavoidable mistakes. In compiling the Index, a number of
small errors were brought to light, a list of which will be found
at pages vii-x. I have not attempted systematically to revise

vi PREFACE.

the old lists throughout, as to do so would have been virtually to
re-write the entire book ; but where, in searching for additional
names, I have had an opportunity of collating Haydn's lists
with others I have done so. I may mention as instances that
the judges, &c., have been collated with Foss's lists, and the
orders of knighthood with those of Sir Harris Nicolas.

Had I known what lay before me when I first undertook the
task of preparing this edition, I frankly confess that I should
have hesitated to attempt it. I anticipated that I should finish
the work in a little over six months, but it has occupied almost
all my leisure time for more than four years. It has, however,
been essentially a labour of love, and I can only hope that I
have accomplished my task in such a manner as to merit the
approbation of the public, into whose hands the book is now
committed.

HORACE OCKERBY.

July 1890.

EEEATA.

Correction.

38 1

41 1

42 1

43 1

.. 2

44 1

45 1
.. 2

24

15

46 11 20

,. 2j 59

68 1 32

105 1 last

112 1 30

6
32

For "Alexandra" read

" Alexander."
For " supra "read " infra."
For " 2nd time "' read

"3rd time.'"
Dele. "(2nd time)."
For " Curvus " read

"Corvus."
To "P. Decius Mns " add

"(5th time)."
To " M. Pomponius

Matho " add " (2nd

time)."
To L. Veturius Philo"

add " (2nd time)."
For "Gemilius" read

" iEmilius."
For "Scanis" read

" Scaurns."
To " Cu. Domitius Aheno-

barbus " add " (2nd

time)."
To " M. ^milius Lepi-

dus " add " (2nd time)."
To " M. Antonius, abd."

add " (2nd time)."
For "Rupert II." -read

" Rupert I."
For ' ' Carrua " read

" Carrera."
For " Geo. Granville, E.

Gower" read "Geo.

Granville, Id. aft. E.

Gower."
To " Jno. Savile Lumley "

add ' ' aft. Sir J. "
For " Vesey Fitzgerald "

read •' Charles Vesey

Fitzgerald."
For "Id. Ellice " read

"Edwd. Ellice."
For •' Spring Rice ' read

" Thos. Spring Rice."

147

168
179 13

180

1

1

17

1
181

3

3

188

1

2

5

"

2

20

„

2

44

,,

2

49

193

2

53

195

1

58

"

2

17

207 1

209 1

>11 1,

,. 2|

14

For " Mr. Poulett Thom-
son" read " Chas.
Poulett Thomson."

For "Sudley" read
" Sudelev."

For "1736'^"read"1764."

For " Wm. Vise. Dun-
cannon" read " "Wm.
2nd E. of Bessborough."

For " Wm. Vise. Dun-
cannon" read " Wm.
2nd E. of Bessborough."

For " Sir Geo. Hope "
read "Sir Geo. J.
Hope."

For "Dudley Ryder, E.
of Harrowby " read
"Dudley, E. of Har-
rowby. "

For "Jas., Id. Wham-
cliffe " read "Jas.
Archd., Id. Wharn-
clifife."

For " Aberdeen " read
" Aberdare."

For "Parkinson" read
" Samuel."

(Lowther.) For "baron"
read " Id."

For " Thos. , E. of Derby "
read "Jas., 10th E. of
Derby."

For " Queensbury " read
" Queensberry:"

(Dartmouth.) For" 1810"
read "1801."

(Bentinck. ) Dele. "■gov. -
gen. of India. :May , 1833, "
and insert " Tr. Hhold."

(Bentinck.) Add '• gov.-
gen. Ind. 1833."

For " Jas. Horatio " read
"Geo. Jas. Horatio."

ERRATA.

1

1

1

Correction.

1

t

1

Correction.

212

1

26

For " Wm., viae. Anson "
read " Thos. Wm.,vi8c.

294

1

37

(Arundel.) For "Hy."
read "Wm."

Anson."

J,

2

26

Read" Gilbert Elliot, aft.

,^

2

5

At end of year 1831 add

Sir G."

"Dec. 7, Hon. Thos.

298

23,24

Dele. "aft. Id. Hatton."

Erskine, ch. judge in

,,

40

(Manchester.) After

Bankruptcy."

"Chas." insert "Vise.

215

1

7

(Wood.) For "Id. Hali-

Mandeville, aft."

fax" read " vise."

300

1

(Evelyn.) For " E. of"

217

2

63

For "Lopus" read

read " Vise."

" Loftus."

,,

4

(St. John.) For "Geo.

218

1

2

(Xapier.) Add '• and Id.
chanc. Jr."

Richd., vise," read
"St. Andrew, Id."

220

1

57

(Gibson.) For "Id.
chanibn." read " Id.
chanc."

312

>

41

(Somerset.) After "Al-
gernon " insert " Id.
Percy, aft. D. of."

"

2

38

For "Wm. Schomberg
Rt." read " Schomberg

318

25

(Asheton.) After "Robt."
insert "(?) Richd."

Hy."

319

5

For "1847 "read" 1487."

223

1

4

For "1408 "read"] 480."

323

15

For " Grenville " read

229

1

44

For "Harvey" read

" Granville."

" Hervey."

„

17

(Granville.) For"Ja8."

230

1

20

After " Edw. Jno.

read " Jno."

Stanley "add "aft. Id.

347

34

For " four " read " three,"

Eddisbury, &c."

355

54

(Nevill.) For "Canter-

2

24

For " Boyce " read

bury" read " York."

"Bryce."

356

43

(Ley.) For " John " read

J

2

42

For "Corrie" read

" James."

"Currie."

364

30

For " Comhill" read

233

1

8

(Stanley.) For "Hon."

"Cornhill."

read "Col."

399

49,50

(North.) Dele, "and E.

234

1

37

(Hillsborough.) For

of."

"Wm." read "Wills."

401

33

(Roswell.) For" Richd."

239

2

1

After "Lyon Playfair,

read"Wm."

C.B.," add "aft. Sir

408

3&24

For " — Brooke" read

L."

"Rd. Brooke."

241

2

3

For "Jno., aft. E. of

411

39

For " Eyres "read " Eyre."

Durham," read "Jno.

415

40

After '• Winnington Jef-

Geo., aft.,"&c.

freys" insert " Wm.Lee. "

242 (1

45

For " Moore" read
" More."

429

11

For " Maddore " read
" Maddox."

252

1

37

JJele. "Grosvenor."

435

13

For "1445 "read "1454."

254

2

21

Between " Baring " and
"Id." insert "aft."

438

60

For "Barry" read
" Parrj'."

256

1

25,26

For "Vise. Dumblane"

456

2

For "1614 "read "1605."

read " Vise. Osborne

461

16

For " Belcanquall " read

of Dumblane."

"Balcanquall."

269 1

1

10,11

Dele. " aft. D. of Rut-
land."

477

1

21

For "Strafford" read
"Stratford."

2

27,28

Dele. "aft. D. of Rut-
land."

484

2

12

(Eden.) For " succ. to
that title" rend "succ.

260

2

32

For " Sir Edwd. G. R.
Owen" read" Sir
Edwd. C. U. Owen."

488

to the title of Id. Auck-
land."
Until the alteration of

262

2

28

(Booth.) For "Gon."
road " Goo."

to
492

the " Style" in 1753
Lord Mayor's Day was

289

1

12

(Arundel) For " Wm."
road "Hy."

Oct. 21»tli and not Nov.
9th. The Hat of Lord

294

1

20

(Orford.-) After "Edwd."
insert " Russell "

Mayors should be
' altered accordingly.

ERRATA.

1

^

1

Correction.

1

•3

<u

Correction.

(S

o

J

£

o

3

507

1

38

(Balmerino.) For " Jas."
read " Jno."

672

2

41

(Tennent.) For "Jno."
read •• Jas."

509

1

7

(Mansfield.) For " Wm.
,3rd E." &c., read

713

1

10

(Mulgrave.) For--Hy."
read " Constantine Hy."

" David Wm." &c.

720

1

20,22,

(Dotin.) read " Jas. or

511

1

26

(Elibank.) For "Geo.,
Id." &c., read " Alex.,

24, 33,
35

Jno."

7thld."&c.

724

2

52

(Goldsworthy.) For " aft.

515

2

13

(Huntley.) For "2nd E."

sir G."read "aft. sir R."

read " 4th E."

734

1

55

For "Ostrevart" read

.^

2

18

(Huntley.) For " 2nd E."

" Ostrevant."

read " .5th E."

736

1

18

Aft. Lord Bonvill's name

517

1

10

(Rothes.) For "Wm."
read " "Wm, (?Geo.)"

insert

" Sir Thos. Kyriell ;

522

1

39

(Craufurd.) For "An-
drew " read " Andrew
(? David)."

d. 1461."
" Sir Jno.. aft. Id.
Wenlock;(^. 1471."

"

1

52

(Dalrymple.) For " Hy."
read " Hew."

737

2

31

(Ferrers.) For " 3rd Id."
read "8th Id."

524

-

12

For " p. 521 " read
"p. 523."

740

2

56

(Feversham.) For " ist
E." read" 2nd E."

525

1

20

(Dunbar.) For " David "
read "Gavin."

741

2

10,11

(Pr. Fk. Lewis.) Dele.
" D. of Gloucester."

545

2

36

To Gillan's name add
"(?bp. of Dunblane)."

742

2

5

(Grafton.) For " Sept.
29 " read " Sept. 20."

546

2

16

(Glasgow.) For" David"
read "Jno."

"

2

11

(Rochford.) For "5th
E." read "4th E."

550

1

15

For "1881" read "1181."

744

17

Read "Robt., 2nd Earl

552

1

25

(Ormond.) For "3rd
E."read "4th E."

Grnsvenor and 1st M.
of Westminster."

553

2

25

(Brereton.) Dele. "Id.
chanc."

746

20

(King.) For " bp. Salis-
bury, 1491 " read » bp.

559

2

17

(Fitzwilliam.) To " vise."

Exeter, 1492."

add" (?ld.)"

747

46

For "Sunderland" read

562

1

51

(Hervey.) For "Jno.

'• Sutherland."

Aug. "read "Aug. Jno."

748

1

Read " Wm. Hy., 4th

570

1

2

(Ormonde.) For "Wal-

M. of Lothian."

ter, 18th E.," read

755

31

For "Aldeburh" re. id

"Jas., 19th E."

" Aldeburgh."

582

1

12

To"1784"add"(?1785)."

))

45

For "5th Id. Latimer"

583

2

13,15

(Willes.) Dele. " app.

read "Id Latimer."

solr. gen. in England.

756

25

(Westmoreland.) For

and in 1768 a just, k.b."

" Rd." read " Ralph."

597

1

43

(Reeves.) For "John"
read"Wm."

"

1

29

For "Cormvale" read
"Cornvale."

599

2

40

(Townshend.) For "Lis-
more" read "Water-

758

27

(Dudley.) For " 6th
Id." read "5th Id."

ford."

759

54

For " Skelton " read

613

2

32

For " 1543 " read " 1743. "

" Sheltou."

627

2

27

For "Dayaly" read
" Daly."

760

6

(Dorset.) For "5th M."
read" 3rd M."

648

1

For" 1704 "read "1764."

762

8

(RatcliiTe.) /^e/e. "andaft."

"

-

32

(Minto.) For " Geo. "read
" Gilbert."

764

35

(Bolton.) For "3rd D."
read "2nd D."

650

'

20,32

(Cornwallis.) For « Geo "
read " Chas."

766

4

(Cochrane.) For "Sept."
read " May."

659

I

33,34

(Fitzgerald.) Dele. " aft.
Id. F. and V."

767

3

(Hutchinson.) For "Gen."
read "Jno."

668

29

For "Hern" read
"Hcrm."

768

5

(Harcourt.) For "2nd
E." read "3rd E."

ERRATA.

771

1

32

772
776

1
2

34

61 1

781

2

3

784

2

9

2

25

39

786 1

20

„ |2

51 i

788 {2

19

792

1

47

794

1

18 1

,,

1

25

798

2

23

817

2

39

852

-

19

856
861

1
2

52
60 j

1

865

1

1
35 1

„

2

31 '

866
874

1
2

60
55

877

-

1
59

884

-

6

;;

~

61
1 62

886

-

1 ^

i

" John
' Saml.

" Hy."

(Cooper.) For "Anthy."

read " Astley."
(Sydenham.) JJele.^Vfm."
(Rigny. ) For " Re " read

"de."
(Tanner.) For "Orel"

read '•Oriel.'"
(West.) For " Algernon"

read " Algernon Edw."
After West's name insert

"Col. Donald Mathe-

son."
Dele. "Lt.-Col. Donald

Matheson."
For " Couriers " read

" Coursier. "
Aft. Gen. Murray's name

insert " Gen. Sir Robt.

Macfarlane. k.c.b."
For " Champango " read

" Champagne."
(Brooke.) For

Saml." read '

Jno. "
(Munster.) For

read "Herbert."
For " Cornuto " read

" Comuto."
(Guildford.) For " Gth

E."read "5th E."
(Vivian.) For "Chas."

read " Hussey."
(Xagle.) For "g.c.b."

read " G.c.H."
(Wilson.) For-"Fabie"

read " Fahie."
(llulse.) 7Je/e."G.C.M.G."
For "Houstoun" read

"Houston or Hous-
toun."
For "Guilford" read

" Bedford."
(Oughton.) Read "Jas.

Adolphus, aft. Sir J."
(Craufurd.) iJelr. "G."
(Hawker.) For " k.c.u."

read " K.C.ii."
(Fagan.) JJele. whole

line. See correct entry

p. 876, 10 Jan. 1837.
For " Jno. Homo " read

"Jno. Home Homo."

JJele. whole
lines. See
correct en-
tries p. 886,
20 J un. 1854
Read "John Mitchel or

Mitchell, C.U., aft. sir

J."

(Wymer.)
(Pastle.)

887

I

896

898

900
906

27 Read "Geo. Petre Wy-
mer... I 20 Jun. 54 1
I 8 Jun. 56 I 9 Sep.
63 I ."
For "Dyer" read " Dyce."

(Dele, whole
lines. See
correct en-
tries p. 888.
55 I (Conran.) De/e. whole
line. See correct en-
tries same page, line 13.
11 Read " Edw. Garstin...
I 28 Nov. 54 I 21 Dec.
65 I 1 Mar. 67."
14 (Vivian.) Add " and sir
R."

34 (Dickinson.") Dele, whole
line. See correct entry
same page, line 60

Read "Wm. Wylie, C.B.
I 28 Nov. 54 'l 24 Oct.
62 I 24 Feb. 70."

35 I For " Butter " read

"Butler."

23 ' rBrooke.) Dele, whole
line. See correct entry
p. 887, 28 Nov. 54.

30 (Abbott.) Dele, whole
line. See correct entry
same page, 13 Apr.
1860.
(Morris.) Dele, whole
line. See correct entry
p. 894, 30 Apr. 1860.

19 After Campbell, insert
Edwin Hy. Atkinson.

34 (Hodgson.) JJele. whole
line. See correct entry
p. 894, 11 Apr. 1860.
(Shirley.) J tele, whole
line. See correct entry
I p. 897, 24 Oct. 1862.

39 I (Lawrence.) /hie. whole
line. See correct entry
p. 897, 1 Juno 1862.

r Dele. whole

54 (Smith.) "°^«- , See
cK >c„»t \i correct en-

55 (Sutton.) tries p. 897,
I 21 Dec. 1862.

49 (Tapp.) /fcle. whole
line. See correct entry
p. 903, 6 Mar. 1868.

41 (Briggs.) J)vte. whole
I line. See correct entry
same jmge, line 54.

61 (Billiard.) I hie. whole
lino. See correct ent ry
p. U07, 16 Aug. 1868.

ERRATA.

s

n'

s

Correction.

! <u

■H

.3

Correction.

Ph U

y^

Ph

u

h:?

907

-

40

(Sandham.) Dele, whole
line. See correct entry
p. 904, 6 Mar. 1868.

924

-

33

(Williams.) Dele, whole
line. See correct entry
same page, line 22

909

48

(Lefroy.) Uele. whole
line. See correct entry
p. 906, 6 Mar. 1868.

925

45

After H. A. Cockburn
insert " Peter Hy.
Scratchley, m.-gen., 1

915

_

28

(Vine.) Dele, whole line.

Oct. 1882."

See correct entry p.

,,

-

48

Read " Hy. Augs. Smyth

914, 26 Nov. 1875.

1 1 Nov. 82 1 1 Nov.

,,

-

58

(Cockburn.) Dele, whole

86 1 .... 1

line. See correct entry

,,

-

49

(Dormer.) Read " hon.

p. 917, 1 Oct. 1877

J. C. Dormer, c.b.

917

-I ''

(Harrison.) Dele, whole
line. See correct entry

1 18 Nov. 82 1 1 Nov.
85 1 .... 1

1

p. 918, 24 Nov. 1877.

928

-

41

(Dormer. ) Dele, whole

918

14

(Cockburn.) Dele, whole
line. See correct entry
p. 917, 1 Oct. 1877.

line. See correct entry
p. 925, 18 Nov.
1882.

921

35

(Thomas.) De/e. whole
line. See correct entry
p. 920, 31 Dec. 1878

967

1

2

(Beach.) Add " C. Sec.
235."

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE
BODY" OF THE WORK.

abb.
abd.
abp.
abt.
actg.
adm.

admr.

admy.

aft.

aldu.

amb.

amb. ex.

app.

appt.
archd.
archdn.
arr.

att. gen.
b.
bar. ex.

bd.
bp.
bt.

C.B.
C.C.

C.G.

abbot.

abdicated.

archbishop.

about.

acting.

admitted.

admiral.

administrator.

admiralty.

afterwards.

alderman.

ambassador.

ambassador extra-
ordinary.

appointed.

appeal.

appointment.

archduke.

archdeacon.

arrival or arrived.

assassinated.

attorney general.

born.

baron of the ex-
chequer.

board.

bishop.

baronet.

companion of the
bath.

commonly
called.

consul general.

companion of the
Indian empire.

companion of St.
Michael and St.
George.

C.S.I.

cane,
capt.
yeom. gu.
capt.

gent.

pens,
cardl.
ch.
ch.bar.ex.

ch.

commr.
ch. d'a.
ch. ex.

chambn.

chanc. d.

Lane.

chapl.

coadj.

coffr.

col.

comm.
admy.

comm.ch.

comm.
serjt.

comm.
treasy.

com-
mend.

commr.

compt.
hhold.

conf.

companion of the
star of India.

cancelled.

captain of the yeo-
men of the guard.

captain of the gen-
tlemen pension-
ers.

cardinal.

chief.

chief baron of the
exchequer.

chief commissioner.

charge d'affaires.

chancellor of the
exchequer.

chamberlain.

chancellor of the
duchy of Lancas-
ter.

chaplain.

coadjutor.

cofferer.

colonial.

commissioner of
the admiralty.

commander in chief.

common serjeant.

commissioner of

the treasury,
commeudator.

commissioner,
comptroller of the

household,
confirmed.

conq.

consec

const.

contd.
contr.
coron.
cr.

Cr. I.

cr. pr.

Css.

D.

d.

dau.

decl.

degr.
dep.

dep. e.

marsh,
depr.
desc.
dethr.
diet,
dipl. rel.

susp.
dism.
disp.
div.
Dss.
E.
earl

marsh.
East. T.

or Vac.
elect.

conquered.

consecrated.

constable.

constituted.

continued.

control.

coronation.

created.

crowned.

crown of India.

crown prince.

Countess.

duke.

died.

daughter.

declared.

declined.

degraded.

deposed.

deputy or depute.

deputy earl mar-
shal.

deprived.

descended.

dethroned.

dictator.

diplomatic rela-
tions suspended.

dismissed.

dispensed.

divorced.

duchess.

earl.

earl marshal.

Easter Term or

Vacation,
elected.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.

elect. paJ.

elector palatine.

K.T. Knight of the

parlt.

parliament.

emp.

emperor.

Thistle.

paym.

paymaster general.

env. ex.

envoy extraerdi-

knt.

knight.

gen.

nary.
established.

L.G.

Lieutenant Gover-

pat.

patent.

estab.

nor.

perm.

permanent presi-

exp.

expeUed.

L.P.

Letters Patent.

pres.

dent.

ext.ld.of

extraordinary lord

Id.

lord.

plant.

plantations.

sess.

of session.

Id. adniy.

lord of the admi-

pol.

political.

F.M.

field marshal.

ralty.

postm.

postmaster gene-

tin.

financial.

Id. bed-

lord of the bed-

gen.

ral.

first Id.

first lord of the ad-

ch.

chamber.

pr.

prince.

adm.

miralty.

Id.ch.bar.

lord chief baron of

privy.

first Id.

first lord of the

ex.

the exchequer.

pr. seal.

privv seal.

treas.

treasury.

Id. ch.

lord chief justice of

pr. serjt.

prime Serjeant.

for.

foreign.

just.

the common

preb.

prebendary.

form.

formerly.

c.p.

pleas.

prec.

precentor.

O.

London gazette, i.e.

Id. ch.

lord chief justice of

prem.

premier or prime

the date of the

just.

the king's bench.

minister.

Gazette Notice.

K.B.

pres.

president.

G.CB.

Knight Grand Cross

Id.

lord chamberlain.

pres.

president of the

of the Bath.

chambn.

council.

council.

G.C.H.

Knight Grand Cross

Id. chanc.

Id chancellor.

procl.

proclaimed.

of the order of

Id. elk.

lord clerk register

prov.

provost.

the Guelphs.

reg.

of Scotland.

prov. gov.

provisional govern-

G.C.I.E.

Knight Grand Cohi-

Id. gr.

lord great cham-

ment or governor,
provisional presi-

mander of the In-

chambn.

berlain.

prov.pres.

dian Empire.

Id. just.

lord justice,
lord keeper.

dent.

G.C.M.G.

Knight Grand Cross

Id. kpr.

provl.
Prss.

provisional.
Princess.

of St. Michael and

Id. lieut.

lord Ueutenant.

St. George.

Id. marsh.

lord marshal.

Ic.

queen.

Queen's Counsel.

G.C.S.I.

Knight Grand Com-

Id.pr.seal.

lord privy seal.

mander of the

Id. pres.

lord president of

q.v.

quid vide.

Star of India.

council.

the council.

raj.

rajah.

gen.

general.

Id. St.

lord steward.

rang.

ranger.

gent.

gentleman of the

Id. treasr.

lord treasurer.

rec.

recorder.

bedch.

bedchamber.

Id. treasy.

lord of the trea-

rect.

rector.

gov. gen.

governor general

sury.

regr.

registrar.

govr.

governor.

Id. wden.

lord warden of the

relinq.

relinquished.

gr. d.

grand duke.

stann.

stanneries.

rem.

removed.

gr. seal.

great seal.

loc. gov.

local government

remembr.

remembrancer.

gr. stole,
hhold.

groom of the stole.

bd.

board.

rep.

representative.

household.

It.-gen.

Ueutenant-general.

res.

resident.

Hil. T. or

Hilary Term or

It.-gen.

lieutenant - general

resigned.

Vac.

Vacation.

ord.

of the ordnance.

rest.

restored.

introd.

introduced.

M.

Marquis.

ret.

retired.

inv.

invested.

7>l.

married.

s. and h.

son and heir.

iss.

issued.

m.g. ordn.

master general of

S.L.

Serjeant at Law.

judge

judge of the prero-

the ordnance.

s.p.

sine prole.

prerog.

gative court.

m.-gen.

major-general.

sec.

secretary.

just. c.p.

justice of the com-

m. horse.

master of the horse.

sec. St.

secretary of state.

mon pleas.

m. mint.

master of the mint.

sign.

signet.

just. K.B.

justice of the king's

m. ordn.

master of the ord-

sp. ho.

speaker of the house

bench.

nance.

^ comm.

of conmions.

K.

King.

m. roUs.

master of the rolls.

1 sp. miss.

special mission.

K.B.

Knight or Knight

mahar.

maharajah.

succ.

succeeded.

Companion of the

mart.

martyred.

surn.

surnamed.

Bath.

mast.

master.

surr.

surrender.

K.C.

King's Counsel.

i mast.gen.

master general of

surrend.

surrendered

K.C.B.

Knight Comman-

ord.

the ordnance.

susp.

suspended.

der of the Bath.

mast. gr.

master of the great

sw.

sworn.

K.C.H.

Knight Comman-

wardr.

wardrobe.

T.

Trailbaston (jus-

der of the order

Michs. T.

Michaelmas Term

tice of).

of tlic Guelphs.

or Vac.

or Vacation.

teU. ex.

teller of the ex-

K.CM.E.

Knight Comman-

mil. tri.

military tribune.

chequer.

der of the Indian

mln.

minister.

tr.

trade.

Empire.

min.plen.

minister plenipo-

translated.

K.C.M.G.

Knight Comman-

1

tentiary.

treasr.

treasurer.

der of St. Michael

! min. res.

minister resident.

treasv.

treasury.

and St. George.

miss.

mission extraordi-

Trin."T.

Trinity Term or

K.C.B.I.

Knight Conmian-

extr.

narv.
Marchioness.

or Vac.

Vacation.

der of the Star

Mss.

unm.

unmarried.

of India.

natl.

natural.

v.

vice.

K.G.

Knight of the Gar-

noni.

nominated.

t».

vice.

ter.

obt.

obtained.

V. chambn

vice chamberlain.

K.H.

Knight of the

ordn.

ordnance

V. chanc.

vice chancellor.

order of the

n. 1. bd.
, I'.P.

poor law board
Patent of Prece-

vie.

vicar.

Guelphs.

1 Vise.

Aiscount.

K.P.

Knight of St. Pat-

1

dence.

Vlscss.

Viscountess.

rick.

pari.

parliamentary.

warrt.

warrant.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

♦

PAGE

Preface ........... iii

Errata vii

List of Abbreviations used in the Body of the Work . . xi

Table of Contents xiii

LISTS OF DIGNITIES.

The Lists are divided into XVI. Parts, as under : —

PART I.— ROYAL.

Sovereigns and Rulers of the Principal Countries in the World.

PART IL— DIPLOMATIC.

Ambassadors, Envoys Extraordinary, Ministers Plenipotentiary,
&c., from Great Britain and the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland to Foreign States.

PART III.— POLITICAL AND OFFICIAL.

Government Officials, Officers of State, Officers of the House-
hold, &c.

PART IV.

Lord-Lieutenants of Counties, Governors and Constables of
Castles, &c.

PART v.— HERALDIC.

Earl-Marshals, Kings of Arms, Heralds, and Pursuivants.

PART VI.— LEGAL.

Judges and other Legal Dignitaries.

PART VII.— ECCLESIASTICAL.

Archbishops, Bishops, and Deans of England and Wales.
PART VIII.— LONDON.
PART IX.— SCOTLAND.
PART X.— IRELAND.
PART XL— INDIA.
PART XII.— THE COLONIES.

Governors and Bishops of the Colonies and other Dependencies

of the British Empire.

xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PART XIII.-ORDERS OF KNIGHTHOOD.

Orders of Knighthood, &c., connected with the British Empire.
PART XIV.— NAVAL.
PART XV.— :\riLITARY.
PART XVI.— MISCELLANEOUS.

PART I.— ROY.AL.
Sovereigns AND Rulers of the Principal Countries in the World.

EUROPK.

Sovereigns, &c. of

— PAGE

Sovereigns. &c. of-

_

PAGE

Sovereigns. &c. of —

PAGE

Great Britain

(see

Poland . . .

90

Alenoon . . . .

20

under separate

PoiTdgal . .

88

Anhalt . . . .

66

Kingdoms)

. 1-17

Prussia

65

Bernburg .

66

Greece

. 96

Reggio . .

52

Dessau

66

Hainault . .

. 81-2

Reuss-Greiz .

76

Anjou ....

27

Hanover . .

. 70

Schleiz.

77

Arragon .

86

Hesse . . .

. 71

Rhine, Confedera

Austria

58

Cassel .

. 72

tion of . . .

63

Baden ....

66

Darmstadt

. 72

Rhine, Palatinate of 68

Baden . .

67

Homburg

. 72

Durlach .

67

Hildbourghausei

1

Rome —

Bavaria . . .

67

(.see Saxe-Al

ten-

Consuls, Dicta-

Belgium .

84

burg) . .

. 78

tors, &c.

37

Bohemia .

58

Holland . .

. 82-3

Emperors .

47

Brabant . . .

29

Hungary . .

. 59

Kings . .

36

Brandenburg

65

Ionian Islands (I

^art

Popes . .

32

Brittany . . .

27

II.) . . .

. 129

Roumania

95

Brunswick . .

68

Ireland

. 20

Russia . .

89

Bulgaria .

95

Ital}', Ancient

. 49

Sardinia .

54

Burgundy

28

.Modem

. 51

Savoy .

54

Castile ' . . .

85

Liechtenstein

. 73

Saxony

77

Danubian Principa

Lippe-Detmold

. 73

Saxe-Altenburg

78

lities . . .

94

rg. 73

Coburg-Goths

I 78

Denmark . . .

93

Lombardy (see

An-

Saalfeld

78

Eastern Empire .

49

cient Italy)

. 49

Gotha Alten

England —

Lorraine . .

. 29

burg . . .

78

Sovereigns

1

Lucca . . .

. 52

79

Kings Consort

7

Luxemburg .

. 84

Rovale .

77

Queens Consort

7

Mecklenburg .

. 73

Weimar .

79

Princes of Wales

8

Schwcrin

74

Schwarzburg-Rudo

-

Princes and Prin

-Strehtz

75

stadt . . .

79

cesses of .

9

Modena . .

52

Sondershau-

Ferrara . . .

62

81

Moldavia . .
Monaco . .

. 114
. 30

son ....

79

Flanders . . .

Scotland . . .

17

France . . .

22

Montenegro .
Naples . .

95

Servia ....

95

Franconia . .

71

. 55

Sicily and Two Sici

Friesland (^ee Hoi

land) . . .
Germany . . .

82-3

Nassau . .
Navarro . .

. 75

85, 87

lies ....

55

Spain ....

84

61

Netherlands .

. 82-3

Suabia . . .

80

German Confodera

Normandy

30

Sweden

91

tion, North

64

Norway . .

. 91

and Norway

92

German Empire .

61,64

Oldenburg .

76

Switzerland .

31

German States,

Orange (Pr. of)

83

Transylvania

60

South . . .

64

Parma . .

.->3

Turkey (see Asia)

97

Germanic Confede

Placonza .

53

Tuscany . . .

56

ration .

63

Placcntia . .

53

Two Sicilies .

55

Sovereigns, &c. of — page
United Kingdom of
G. B. and I. (see
under separate

Kingdoms) . . 1-20

Waldeck-Pyrmont . 80

Wales. Sovereigns of 16

Princes of . . 8

Wallachia. ... 94

Western Empire . 48

Wurtemburg . . 80

Zell(s(?eBrunswick) 70

Asia.

Arabia 98

China 100

Egypt 98

Japan 100

Jerusalem . . 96
Ottoman Empire .- . 97

Persia 99

Siam 100

Trebizond ... 98

Turkish Empire . 97

TABLE OP CONTENTS.

Africa.

Sovereigns, &c. of — page

Liberia .... 100

Madagascar . • . 101

Morocco .... 101

Orange Free State . 101

Transvaal . . . 101

Tunis 101

Zanzibar .... 102

America.

America, Central . 105

U.S. of . . . 102

Argentine Confede-
ration .... 109

Republic . . 109

Bolivia .... 109

Brazil 108

Buenos Ayres . . 110

Central America . 105

Chili Ill

Colombia, Republic of 107

U.S. of . . . 107

Costa Rica ... 106

Sovereigns, &c. of —

PAGE

Dominican Republic 105

Ecuador . . .

108

Granada, Nevr .

107

Guatemala . .

105

Hayti ....

104

Honduras . . .

106

Mexico . . .

103

New Granada .

107

Nicaragua

106

Panama . .

107

Paraguay . . .

110

Peru ....

108

St. Domingo . .

105

St. Salvador . .

106

U.S. of America

102

107

Uruguay . .

HI

Venezuela

107

Vera Cruz

103

Hawaiian or Sane

wich Islands .

HI

PART II.— DIPLOMATIC.

Ambassadors, Envoys Extraordinary, Ministers Plenipotentiary, &c.,
FROM Great Britain and the United Kingdom of Great Britain
AND Ireland to Foreign States.

From the Accession of George III., 1760.

Ambassadors to —

Ambassadors to-

Ambassadors to —

Abyssinia

131

Dominican Repub

Morocco . . .

. 132

America, Central .

133

■ lie

133

Muscat . . .

. 130

America, U.S. of .

132

Ecuador(addendum

) 942

Naples and the Tv

ire

Argentine Confede-

Egypt ....

130

Sicilies . . .

. 114

ration and Repub-

France . . .

112

Netherlands, &c.

. 122

lic ... .

136

German States .

121

New Granada .

. 134

Austria . . . .

116-7

Germany . . .

116

Nicaragua

. 133

Baden, &c. . . .

119

Granada, New

134

Norway and Swedf

n 127

Barbary States . .

131

Greece. . . .

128

Ottoman EmjDire

. 129

Bavaria . . . .

119

Guatemala . •

133

Panama . . .

. 134

Belgium .

123

Hanover . . .

120

Paraguay . . .

. 136

Bolivia . . . .

135

Hanse Towns .

120

Parma, &c. .

. 115

Borneo . . . .

131

Hawaiian Islands

137

Persia ....

. 130

Brazil

135

Hayti ....

133

Peru ....

. 135

Bulgaria . . . .

128

Hesse-Darmstadt

119

Plata, Rio de la .

. 136

Central America .

133

Honduras

133

Poland . . .

. 126

Chili

137

Ionian Islands (Lit

Portugal .

. 124

China and Corea .

130-1

High Commrs.

) 129

Prussia .

• 117

Colombia, Republic

Italy, Modern .

114

Rio de la Plata .

. 136

of

134

Japan ....

131

Roumania . .

. 128

Corea, China and .

130-1

Lucca, &c.

115

Russia ....

. 125

Costa Rica . , .

133

Mexico

133

San Salvador. .

. 133

Danubian Principali

Modena, &e.

. 115

Sandwich Islands

. 137

ties . . . .

128

Moldavia . . .

128

Sardinia . . .

. 114

Denmark . . . .

127

Montenegro .

128

Saxony . . .

. 120

v\

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

mbassadors to—

PAGE

Aml)a8sadors to —

PAGE

Ambassadors to —

PAGE

Servia

128

Texas

132

United States

of

Siam

131

Tunis

132

Colombia .

. 134

Sicilies, Naples and

Turkey ...

IL'9

Uruguay . . .

. 136

the Two . . .

114

Tuscany. &c.

115

Venezuela . .

. 134

Spain

123

Two Sicilies, Naples

Venice . . .

. 116

Sweden ....

126

and

114

Wallachia . .

. 128

and Norway .

127

United States of

Wurtemburg, &c

. 118-9

Swiss Confederation

113

America . . .

132

Zanzibar . . .

. 132

PART III.— POLITICAL AND OFFICIAL.
Government Officials, Officers of State, Officers of the Household, &c.

Administrations-
Treasury —
Lord High Treasu- )

rers. &c. . • -r 152
Commissioners . .)
Secretaries, parlia-
mentary and finan-
cial 163

Secretaries, assistant 164
Secretaries, perma-
nent 164

Exchrquer (see (i/so
Part VI )
Chancellors . . . 164
Chamberlains . . 166
Auditors .... 166

Tellers 167

Clerk of the Pells . 168
■ Comptrollers-Gene-
ral 168

Auditors-General of

Public Amounts . 168
Assistant ditto . . 169
Admirctlty —
Lord High Admirals,

&c \ ,

Commissioners . .j ^^^
Secretaries, first . 186
Secretaries, second . 187
Secretaries, perma-
nent 187

Privj! Council —

Lord Presidents . 187
Privy Councillors . 189
Judicial Committee
(see Part VI.). . 360
/reliititl —

(Sec PartX.)
Secretaries of State —
Introduction ... 221
Principal Secre-
taries to 1782. . 222
Under Secretaries
to ditto. . . . 225

I Home Depurtment-
i Secretaries . ,

Under Secretaries,
parliamentary

Under Secretaries,
permanent . . .

Foreiffii Department —
Secretaries . .
Under Secretaries

parliamentary
Under Secretaries,

permanent
Under Secretaries.

IDcrmanent, assis

tant ....

227

228

226
229

India (and see Part XL,
and Board of Con-
trol, infra)
I Secretaries .

Under Secretaries,
I parliamentary

Under Secretaries,
2^<^rmanent . . .

Scotland (see Part IX. )

Post Ofpce-

230

230

War and Colonial Depart-
ment

Secretaries . . .
Under Secretaries,

parliamentary
Under Secretaries,

permanent . .
War Department —
Secretaries . . .
Under Secretaries,

parliamentarj'
Under Secretaries,

financial .
Under Secretaries,

permanent . .
Soci'etaries of War
Secretaries of War,

deputy ....
Colonial JJepartment —
Secretaries . . .
Under Secretaries,

parliamentary
Under Secretaries,

permanent . .
Under Secretaries ,

permanent, assis-
tant

Postmasters - Gene-
ral . ...

Secretaries . . .

Secretaries, second .

Secretaries, financial
Lord Chancellors, &c.

(see Part VI.)
Lords Privy Seal
Chancellors of the

236
236
236

237
239
239

240

Duchy of Lancaster

241

Paymasters-General .

243

Paymasters-General of

the Forces . .

243

Wardens and Masters

of the Mint . .

245

Judge Advocates Ge-

neral (Part XV.) .

937

Sjjeakors of the House

of Commons . .

247

Control, Board of' (see

a/so "Indian Secre-

tari:-s.".sM/>w,and

Part XL)—

Introduction .

251

Presidents and Com-

missioners to 1841

252

Presidents from 1841

254

Secretaries . . .

254

Education, Boardof —

Vice-Presidents . .

254

Health, Boardof—

Presidents

255

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Local Government

PAGE

Surveyors of Land

PAGE

Inland Revenue

PAGE

Board—

Revenues . . .

271

from 1849 . .

285

Presidents . .

256

Commissioners of

Lord High Stewards .

286

Secretaries,, parlia-

Woods, Forests,

Lord Great Chamber-

mentary . . .

256

and Land Reve-

lains

287

Secretaries, ijerma-

nues . . 271

, 273

Deputy Chamberlains

288

nent

256

Commissioners of

Lord High Constables

288

^(tvy Boards —

Woods, Forests,

Earls Marshal and

Treasurers of the

Land Revenues,

their Deputies(.see

Navy ....

256

Works, and Build-

PartV.) . . .

325

Comptrollers . .

257-8

ings

272

Lord Steward's De-

Surveyors

257

First Commissioners

partment —

Ordnance, Board of—

of Works and Pub-

Lord Stewards of

Masters - General of

lic Buildings . .

272

the Household .

289

the Ordnance . .

258

Revenue —

Treasurers of the

Lieutenants-General

Commissioners of

Household . .

291

of the Ordnance .

259

Customs, England

Comptrollers of the

Surveyors - General
of the Ordnance .

259

and Wales, to
1722

273

Household .

292

Cofferers of the

Clerks of the Ord-

Commissioners of

Household . .

293

nance ....

260

Customs, Great

Treasurers of the

Storekeepers . . .

260

Britain, 1723-42 .

275

Chamber . . .

294

Police-

Commissioners of

Lord Chamberlain's

Chief Commission-

Customs, England

Department —

ers, &c. ...

261

and Wales, 1742-

Lord Chamberlains

Poor Law Board —

1823

275

of the Household

294

Commissioners .

262

Commissioners of

Vice - Chamberlains

Presidents . .

262

Customs, United

of the Household

296

Secretaries . . .

262

Kingdom, from

Masters of the Great

Trade, Board of—

1823 ....

277

Wardrobe . . .

295

Original Boards to

Commissioners of

Governors and Con-

1786

263

Excise, England

stables of Wind-

Subsequent Mem-

and Wales.to 1823

277

sor Castle (Part

bers

268

Commissioners of

IV.). . .\ .

322

Presidents from

Excise, United

Captains of the Yeo-

1786

268

Kingdom, from

men of the Guard

297

Vice-Presidents from

1823-49 . . .

282

Captains of the Gen-

1786. ■. . . .

269

Commissioners of

tlemen Pensioners

299

Secretaries, parlia-

Stamps, England

Captains of the Gen-

mentary . . .

269

and Wales, to

tlemen-at-Arms .

300

Secretaries, perma-

1834

283

Poets Laureate . .

300

nent

270

Commissioners of

Examiners of Stage

Woods and Forests.

Taxes, England

Plays ....

301

Land Revenues.

and Wales, to

Master of the Horse's

Works and Public

1834 ....

284

Department —

Buikh'n(/s —

Commissioners of

Masters of the Horse

301

Introduction . .

270

Stamps & Taxes,

Masters of the Buck-

Surveyors - General

England & Wales,

hounds ....

302

of Woods, Forests,

1834-49 . . .

285

Grooms of the Stole .

303

Parks, and Chases

271

Commissioners of

Mistresses of the Robes

304

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PART IV.— LORD LIEUTENANTS OF COUNTIES,
NORS AND CONSTABLES OF CASTLES, &c.

Lord Lieutenants of Counties.

COVER-

Introdaction . . .

30o

Lord Lieutenants of —

Lord Lieutenants of —

Leicestershire

. .309

Yorkshire, E. Riding

313

England.

Lincolnshire .

. 310

N. .,

313

Lord Lieutenants of —

Middlesex .

. 310

w. „

313

Bedfordshire . .

30G

Monmouthshire

. 310

North Wales.

Berkshire ....

30(]

Norfolk . .

. 310

Lord Lieutenants of —

Buckinghamshire .

300

Northamptonshire . 310

Anglesey ....

314

Cambridgeshire . .

306

Northumberland

. 310

Carnarvonshire . .

314

Cheshire . . . .

30G

Nottinghamshire . 311

Denbighshire . .

314

Cornwall . . . .

307

Oxfordshire .

. 311

Flintshire . . .

314

Cumberland . . .

307

Rutlandshire .

. 311

Merionethshire .

314

Derbyshire . . .

307

Shropshire .

. 311

Montgomeryshire .

315

Devonshire .

307

Somersetshire

. . 311

North Wales . . .

314

Dorsetshire .

307

Southamptonshi

•e . 311

South Wales.

Durham . . . .

308

Staffordshire .

. . 312

Lord Lieutenants of —

Essex

308

Suffolk . .

. . 312

Brecknockshire .

315

Gloucestershire . .

308

Surrey . .

. . 312

Cardiganshire . .

315

Hampshire . . .

311

Sussex . . .

. . 312

Carmarthenshire .

315

Herefordshire . .

308

Tower Hamlets

. . 319

Glamorganshire . .

315

Hertfordshire

308

Warwickshire

. . 312

Haverfordwest . .

310

Huntingdonshire

809

Westmoreland

. . 313

Pembrokeshire .

316

Kent

309

Wiltshire . .

. . 313

Radnorshire . .

317

Lancashire . .

309

Worcestershire

. . 313

South Wales . . .

315

Scotland, .see Part IX., and Ireland, see Part X.

Governors and Constables of Castles, &c.

Constables of Dover
Castle ....

Wardens of the Cinque
Ports

Constables of the
Tower of London .

316
316

Lord Lieutenants of
the Tower Ham-
lets 319

Lieutenants of the
Tower of London . 321

Governors and Con-
stables of Windsor
Castle

Lord Wardens of the
Stannaries . . .

322

PART v.— HERALDIC.
Earls Marshal, Kings of Arms, Heralds, and Pursuivants.

Introduction . . 324

Kings of Arms—

Heralds Extraordinarv-

—

Norroy

. 329

Surroy ....

334

Sec. I. — Heraldic Offices

Bath and Gloucost

or 330

Maltravers .

335

STILL Existent.

Heralds—

Lords Marslial ... 325

Chester . . .

. 330

Pursuivants of Arms—

Earls Marshal . . . 326

Windsor .

. 331

Kongo Croix . . .

335

Deputy Karls Marshal 327

Somerset .

. 332

Bluomaiitlo . . .

336

Lancaster

. 332

Portcullis.

337

Garter 327

Richmond

. 333

Itouge Dragon .

337

Clarencieux . . . 328

York ....

. 334

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Sec. II. —Heraldic Offices

Heralds and Heralds

Pursuivants Extraor-

NOW Extinct.

Extraordinary —

PAGE

dinary —

PAGE

Kings of Arms-

PAGE

Norfolk . . '.

341

Guisnes ....

343

Ireland

. 338

Suffolk . . .

341

Hampnes ....

343

Lancaster

. 338

Pursuivants Extraor-

Kildare ....

343

Leicester . . .

. 339

dinary —

Mont-Orgueil

343

Marcbe . . .

339

Antelope . . .

341

Nottingham . . .

343

Heralds and Heralds

Athlone . . .

341

Portsmouth . . .

344

Extraordinary —

Bai-nes

341

Risebank ....

344

Arundel . . .

339

Berwick .

341

Rose

344

Blanc Coursier .

339

Blanch Lion .

341

Rose Blanche . .

344

Buckingham . .

339

Blanch Rose . .

342

Rose Rouge . . .

344

Carlisle . . .

339

Blanch SangHer

342

Clarencieus . .

340

Calais ....

342

Scotch Officers (Part IX,)—

Gloucester . .

340

Comfort .

342

Lyon Kings of Arms

513

Hanover .

340

Cork ....

342

Lyons Depute .

513

Leicester .

340

Eagle ....

342

Marche . . .

340

Falcon . . .

342

Irish Officers (Part X.

)

Mowbraj' . . .

340

Fitzalan . . .

343

Ulster Kings of Arms 572

PART VL— LEGAL.

Judges and other Legal Dignitaries.

Introduction . . .

345

Puisne Justices,

see Ecclesiastical an

d

Lord High Chancellors

352

H.C.J.,EXCH. DIV.

385

Admiralty Courts, inf.)

Lord Keepers .

352

Cursitor Barons

386

Bankruptcy —

Commissioners of the

County Palatine of

Judges of the Court

Great Seal . . .

352

Chester or Welsh

of Review .

392

Lords of Appeal . .

358

Judges —

Chief Judges in

Judicial Committee of

Chief Justices . .

386

Bankruptcy . .

392

the Privy Council .

358

Second or Puisne

Bankruptcy Judges

392

Chief Justiciaries .

3G2

Justices

386

County Court Judges .

403

Justiciaries ....

3G3

Chancery —
Lord Chancellors,

Attorneys General
Solicitors General . .

397

Justices Itinerant . .

365

400

Justices of Trailbas-

&c. (vide supra) .

352

Serjeants-at-law . .

406

ton

365

Masters of the Rolls

387

Kings Counsel, Queen's

King's and Queen's

Lord Justices of

Counsel, Patents

Bench—

Appeal ....

388

of Precedence

414

Chief Justices, k.b.

Vice Chancellors .

390

Ecclesiastical Courts —

and Q.u. ...

369

Justices, H.C.J., CH.

Deans of the Arches

420

Presidents. H.C.J.,

DIV

390

Judges of the Pre-

Q.B. DIV. . . .

371

Masters in Chancery

392

rogative Court of

Puisne Justices, k.b.

Accountants Gene-

Canterbury . .

421

nnrl o R

371

ral (Chancery)
Appeal —

392

Vicars General to

Puisne Justices,

the Archbishop of

H.C.J., Q.B. DIV.

374

Lords of Appeal

Canterbury

421

Common Fleas —

{vide supra) . .

358

Judges of the Consis-

Chief Justices, c.p.

375

Lords Justices of

tory Court (Chan-

Presidents, h.C.J. ,

Appeal before the

cellors of the dio-

C.p. DIV. . . .

376

Judicature Acts .

388

cese of London) .

422

Puisne Justices, c.p.

376

Lords Justices of

King's and Queen's

Puisne Justices,

Appeal after the

Advocates . . .

422

H.C.J. , c.p. DIV.

380

Judicature Acts .

389

Admiralty Court (and

Exrhequer —

Probate, Divorce,

vide supra) . .

391

Chancellors (Part

Admiralty —

Judges ....

422

III.). . .\ .

164

Judges, Probate and

Admiraltj' Advo-

Chief Barons Exch.

381

Divorce, 1858-75

391

cates ....

423

Presidents, H.c.J.,

Judges, ii.c.J., Pro-

Recorders and Com-

EXCH. DIV. . .

382

bate, Divorce, and

mon Serjeants of

Puisne Barons

Admiralty Divs.

391

London (Part

Exch. . . .

382

{For earlier Judges,

VIII) .... 493-0

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PART VII.— ECCLESIASTICAL.

Archbishops, Bishops, and Deans of England and Wales.

Those marked * are Bishops Suffragan.

Archbishops,

Abp.

1

ci !

Archbishops,

Abp.

Archbishoi

)8. Abp.

^

Bishops, and

or

s

0

Bishops, and

or

i

°

Bishops, ai

id or

l_

Deans of

Bp.

Deans of

Bp.

PAGE

Q
page

Deans of

Bp.

PAGE

PAGE

PAGE

PAGE

Bangor . . .

425

426

Durhnm . .

478

479

Oxford .

. 456

457

Bath and Wells

427

East Angles .

452

Penrith .

, 476

—

•Bedford . .

447

Elmham . . .

454

&482

&452

1

Peterboroup

'h . 457

458

♦Berwick . .

479

wich . . .

454

Ripon .

. ' 482

482

Bristol . . .

439

440

Ely ... .

434

435

Rochester

. 459

461

Gloucester

Exeter . . .

436

437

St. Alban's

. 461

—

and . . .

43'J

i

Gloucester . .

438

440

St. Asaph

.| 401

462

Canterbury

429

431

St. David's

. 463

465

Carlisle . . .

475

476

tol . . . .

439

St. Paul's

. 1

452

Chester . . .

476

477 i

♦Guildford . .

471

Salisbury

'. 466

468

Chichester . .

432

433

Hereford . .

441

442

Selsey .

. 432

Christ Church,

Hexham . .

4S0

—

♦Shaftesbur

y . 467

Oxford . .

—

457

Holy Island .

478

—

Sherborne

. 466

—

College,

♦Hull . . .

486

—

♦Shrewsbur

y . 444

—

Manchester .

481

♦Ipswich

455

Sidnacester

. 446

—

♦Colchester .

460-1

Lichfield . .

443-4

445

Dorcht

ster

Cornwall . .

436

and Coven-

1 and .

. 446

—

Devon and

436

try . . .

443

—

Sodor and ]

Ian 483

—

Coventry . .

443

♦Leicester . .

458

—

Southwell

. 468

—

Lichfield

Lincoln . .

446

447

♦Taunton

. 428

and . . .

443

Lindisfaruo

478

1 *Thetford

. 455

Devon and Corn-

Liverpool . .

480

Truro

. 468

wall . . .

436

Llandaft" . .

448

449

' Wakefield

. 484

—

Devonshire

436

—

London . .

450

452

i Wells .

. 427

428

Dorchester

446

Manchester

480

481

! Bath

and 427

and Sidna-

♦Marlborough

452

Westminste

r . ! 469

469

cester . .

446

&4G7

Wilton .

. 46(!

—

♦Dover . . .

431

Newcastle- on-

Winchester

. 470

471

Dunwich . .

454

Tyne . . .

481

—

Windsor

. i —

474

Elmham

Norwich . .

454

455

Worcester

. . 472

473

and ...

454

—

♦Nottingham .

447

York

. . 484

486

PART VIIL— LOxNDON.

Portreeves, Mayors, pagk I

and Lord Mayors of Chamberlains of Lon-
London .... 48H don

liocordors .... 493
493 I Common Serjeants . 194

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PART IX.— SCOTLAND.

Sovereigns of Scotland.

Lord Lieutenants of —

page

Exchequer —

page

See Part I., p. 17.

Banffshire

508

Introduction . . .

523

Berwickshire . .

508

Chief Barons . .

523

Officees of State, &c. ,

Buteshire ....

508

Barons

524

OF Scotland.

Caithuess-shire . .

509

Admiralty Court —

Treasury —

PAGE

Clackmannanshire .

509

Judges ....

524

Lord High Trea-

Cromarty ....

509

Lord ClerkRegisters .

524

surers, &c.

496

Dumbartonshire

509

Lord Advocates . .

525

Comptrollers . .

498

Dumfries-shire . .

509

Solicitors General . .

526

Admirdlty —

Lord High Admirals

Edinburghshire . .

509

Deans of Faculty . .

527

499

Edinburgh City

509

Vice-Admirals .

499

Elginshire

509

Archbishops and Bishops

Frivy Council —

Fifeshire ....

510

OF Scotland.

Lord Presidents

500

Forfarshire . . .

510

Vice Presidents for

Haddingtonshire .

510

Part. 1. — Ante - Revo
Bishops.

ution

Education . . .

500

Inverness-shire . .

510

^ Lords Privy Seal .

500

Kincardineshire

510

Archbishops and

Secretaries of State —

Kinross-shire

510

Bishops of —

Secretaries of State

Kirkcudbright,

Aberdeen ....

530

in Scotland from

Stewartry . . .

510

-^i-syii. ■

537

13 — to the Union

501

Lanarkshire . . .

511

Brechin .

530

Principal Secre-

Linlithgowshire

511

Caithness .

531

taries of State

Midlothian . . .

509

Dunblane .

532

for Scotland in

Nairnshire

511

Dunkeld .

532

England from the

Orkney and Zetland

511

Edinburgh

533

Union to 1746

502

Peebleshire . . .

511

Galloway .

538

Secretaries for Scot-

Perthshire .

511

Glasgow .

53 J

land under 48 &

Renfrewshire . .

511

Isles, The.

539

49 Vict. cap. 61

502

Ross-shire . . .

512

Moray .

534

Post Office—

Roxburghshire .

512

Mortlach .

530

Postmasters-Gene-

Selkirkshire .

512

Orkney .

534

ral

502

Shetland ....

511

Ross . .

535

Lord Chancellors, vide

Stirlingshire . . .

512

St. Andrew's

528

infra

514

Sutherlandshire . .

512

The Isles . .

539

Lord Keepers of the

Wigtonshire .

512

Great Seal from

Zetland, Orkney ,&c.

511

Part 2.— Post - Revol

ution

Union to present

Bishops.

time

503

Heraldic Officers

Archbishops and

Revenue —

Scotland.

Bishops of —

Commissioners of

Lyon Kings of Arms .

513

Aberdeen ....

540

Customs . . .

503

Lyons Depute . . .

513

541

Commissioners of

Argyll and the Isles

541

Excise ....

504

Judges and other Legal

Brechin ....

541

Lord High Stewards .

505

Dignitaries of Scotland.

Caithness ....

541

Lord Great Chamber-

Lord Chancellors, &c.

514

Moray, Ross,

lains

505

Court of Session—

&c

544

Lord High Constables

506

Introduction . . .

515

545

Earls Marischal . .

507

Lord Presidents.

516

Dunblane ....

542

Knights Marischal ,

507

Lord Justice Clerks

516

Dunkeld and .

542

Lord High Commis-

ExtraordinaryLords

Fife, Dunkeld

sioners to the Par-

of Session . . .

517

and

543

liaments of Scot-

Ordinary ditto . .

518

St. Andrew's,

land

507

Court oj' Justiciary —

Dunkeld and . .

545

Introduction .

521

Dunkeld ....

542

Lord Lieutenants

of

Lords Justices Ge-

542

Counties— Scotland.

neral ....

522

(Fife, Dunkeld

Lord Lieutenants of —

Lord Justice Clerks

516

and Dunblane) .

543

Aberdeenshire . .

508

Judges or Commis-

(St. Andrew's.

Argyleshire . . .

508

sioners of Justi-

Dunkeld and Dun-

Ayrshire ....

508

ciary ....

522

blane) .

545

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Archbishops and page

Archbishops and

PAGE

Archbishops and page

Bisliops of —

Bishops of —

Bishops of —

Edinburgh . . .

542

Moray. Ross and

The Isles, Argyll and

541

Fife. .....

543

Caithness . . .

544

Scotch Bishops with-

Dunkeld and

Orkney ....

545

out Sees ....

545

Dunblane . . .
GaUoway ....

Glasgow and .

Glas^'ow ....

543
543
544
543
644

Aberdeen and.

'^Primus" Bishops.

Ross

and Caithness .

Moray and . .

541
540
545
545
544

General Assembly
of tue Kirk of

Scotland—
Lord High Commis-

54 r.
547

Isles, Argyll and

(Moray. Ross

sioners .
Moderators

the

541

and Caithness)

544

Moray

544

St Andrew's, Dun-

Lord Provosts of

and Ross . .

544

keld and Dunblane 545 1

Edinburgh . . .

547

PART X.— IRELAND.

Sovereigns of Ireland. —

LoKD Lieutenants of

Vice-Chancellors . .

574

6ee Part I. , p. 20.

Counties— Ireland.

Lord Keepers . . .

574

Lord Lieutenants of —

Deputy Keepers . .

574

Officers of State, &c

, OF

Antrim

568

Commissioners of the

Ireland.

Armagh ....
Carlow ....

568

Great Seal . . .

574

Lord Lieutenants and

508

A'l/K/'s and Queen's

Chief Governors

Cavan ....

569

■ Bench-

of Ireland, includ-

Clare ....

569

Chief Justices, K.u.

ing Lord Deputies

Cork ....

569

andQ.B. . . .

577

and Lord Justices

549

Donegal .

569

Presidents, ii.c.j..

Treasury —

Downshire

569

Q.B. DIV. . . .

578

Lord Treasurers .

558

Dublin (County)

569

Puisne Justices, k.b.

Vice-Treasurers

558

Fermanagh .
Galway

569

and Q. B. ...

578

Treasury Commis-

569

Puisne Justices,

sioners ....

558

Kerry ....

569

H.C.J. , Q.B. DIV. .

579

Secretaries . . .

5U1

Kildare

569

Common Pleas —

Chancellors of the

Kilkenny . . .
King's County .

670

Chief Justices, c.p.

580

Exchequer. . .

5G1

570

Presidents, h.c.j..

Secretaries of Slate —

Leitrim

570

c.r. DIV. . . .

581

Principal Secre-

Limerick (County)
Londonderry. .

570

Puisne Justices, c.p.

6»1

taries of State

562

670

Puisne Justices,

Chief Secretaries to

Longford . . .

570

H.C.J., c.r. DIV. .

-,b2

the Lord Lieu-

Louth ....

570

Exrhe(juer —

tenant ....

502

Mayo ....

570

Chancellors (vide

Under Secretaries

r.7rt

siiitra) ....

501

to* the Lord Lieu-

JVleatu ....
Monaghan
Queen's County .

570

Chief Barons, Excii.

582

tenant,' perma-

. 571

Presidents, ii.c.J.,

nent

5G3

I{o8common .

571

EXCU. DIV. . .

583

Under Secretaries

Sligo ....
Tipperary . .
Tyrone

. 571

Puisne Barons,

to the Lord Lieu-

571

EXCH

583

tenant, parlia-

. 571

Puisne Barons.

mentary . . .

504

Waterford . .

. 571

H.C.J.,EXCH. DIV.

584

Po.st Ojiir.c—

Westmeath . .

571

Chunceri/ —

Postmasters - Gene-

AVexford . . .

. .^.71

Lord ^ hanccllors.

ral

504

Wicklow . . .

. 571

Ac. (viilc supra) .

574

Commanders of the

Masters of the

Forces ....

5G4

Rolls ....

585

Revenue —

IIeualuu- Ofkueus.

— IRE-

Lord Justices of

Commissioners of

land.

Api)cal ....

585

Customs . . .

505

Ulster Kings of Arm

s 572

Vioe-Chanoellors .

5b0

Commissioners of

.lustices, II. CI., cii.

Excise ....

5GG

Judges and utiii.u

LF.tiAI.

DIV

580

Commissioners of

Dionitauies of Ike

LAND.

Lanii Court.'' —

Accounts .

507

Introduction . .

. 572

Judges of the

Commissioners of

Lord Chancellors .

. 574

Landed Estate

Stamps ....

508

Deputy Cliuncellors

. 574

Court ....

'iS~

Land Court — (cont.) — page
Land Judges . . . 586
Irish Land Commis-

Appeal —

Lord Justices of Ap-
peal before the
Judicature Acts .

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Lord Justices of Ap- page
peal after the
Judicature Acts . 586
Probate and Matri-
monial—

Judges before the
Judicature Acts .

Judges after the
Judicature Acts .

Admiralty Court —
Judges ....

Bankruptci/ Court —

Judges . . .

587 Attorneys General

I Solicitors General .

587 I Serjeants-at-Law .

PAGE

587

587
588
58'J
5 'JO

Archbishops, Bishops, and Deans of Ireland.

Archbishops,

Abp.

1

Archbishops,

Abp.

«• !

Archbishops,

Abp.

a

Bishops, and

or

1

Bishops, and

or

a

Bishops, and

or

c3

Deans of

Bp.

Q

Deans of

Bp.

Q

Deans of

Bp.

Q

PAGE PAGE

PAGE

PAGE

PAGE

PAGE

Achonry

612

614

Connor, Down

Glendalough

Killala and

613

— 1

and . .

604

—

(Dublin,

Tuam,

(Down,Con-

Glendalough,

Killala, and .

613

—

nor, andDro-

and Kildare)

617

Aghadoe, Ard-

more) .

605

Kildare . . .

616

619

fert and . .

639

Cork ....

630

632

Dublin,

Limerick,

and Cloyne

631

—

Glendalough,

Ardfert, and

639

Cloyne,

and . . .

617

—

Ardagh . . .

607

609

and Ross . .

631-2

—

Kilfenora .

635

637

607

632

—

Killaloe,

Derry . . .

600

602

and ...

635

—

Elphin, and .

608

andRaphoe

602

—

(Killaloe,

Ardfert . . .

640

Down . . .

603

605

Kilfenora,

andAghadoe

639

and Connor

604

—

Clonfert, and

(Limerick,

Connor,

Kilmacduagh)

636

—

Ardfert, and

and Dromore

605

—

Killala . . .

612

614

Aghadore) .

639

—

Dromore

604

606

and Achon-

Armagh. .

595

597

Down,

ry .. . .

613

—

&597

Connor, and .

605

—

(Tuam,

and Clogher

597

Dublin . . .

615

617,

Killala, and

Cashel . . .

624

627

618

Achonry)

613

and Emly

626

Killaloe . . .

634

637

Emly,

dalough .

615

—

and Kilfe-

Waterford,

Glenda-

nora . . .

635

—

and Lismore

627

lough, and

Kilfenora,

Christ Church,

Kildare . .

617

—

Clonfert, and

Dublin . .

618

Elphin . . .

608

609

Kilmacduagh

636

Clogher . .

596
&597

597

Elphin, and

Kilmacduagh .
Clonfert,

636

637

Armagh and

597

Ardagh) .

608

—

and . . .

636

—

Clonard . . .

598

Emly. . . .

625

628

Killaloe,

Clonfert . . .

635

637

Cashel and

626

—

Kilfenora,

and Kil-

(Cashel,

Clonfert, and

636

macduagh .

636

Emly, Water-

Kilmore . .

607

609

(Killaloe,

ford, and Lis-

1 andArdagh

607

—

Kilfenora,

more) . . .

627

—

Elphin,

Clonfert, and

Enachdune . .

—

613

and Ardagh .

608

Kilmacduagh)

636

Ferns . . .

621

623

Leighlin . . .

621

62.5

Clonmacnois .

599

600

Ferns and

622

Cloyne . . .

630

632

lin . . . .

622

—

Ossory,

631

—

(Ossory,

Ferns and .

622

—

(Cork,

Ferns, and

Limerick . .

638

639

Cloyne, and

Leighlin) .

622

—

Ardfert,

Ross) . . .

631-2

—

Glendalough .

615

619

and Aghadoe

639

—

Connor . . .

603

605

615

—

Lismore . . .

626

628

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Archbishops,

Abp.

c

Archbishops,

Abp.

^

Archbishops,

Abp.

^

Bishops, and

or

S

Bishops, and

or

PAGE

Bishops, and

or

o

Deans of

Bp.

PAOE

Deans of

Bp.

PAGE

Deans of

Bp.

PAGE

^

PAGE

p\-

Lismoie,Cashe],

1 Ossorv, Ferns,

Tuam . . .

611

i;i.

Emlv, Water-

and Leighlin.

622

Killala.

ford, and

627

Raphoe . . .

601

602

and Aohonrv

613

—

Waterford

Derrv. and

602

—

Waterford . .

62G

<JL's

and . . .

626

1 Ross ....

631

633

(Cashel,

Louth . . .

_

598

! Cork, and

632

—

Emly, Water-

Mayo . . .

611

—

Cork,

ford, and Lis-

Meath . . .

51)9

_

' Cloyne, and.

631-2

—

more) . . .

627

—

Ossory . . .

620

622

St. Patrick'.s

—

617

& Lismore

626

_"

Lord Mavors of Dublin 640

Recorders

Introduction

643

Section I. — Home
Officials.

President.s, Commis-
sioners, and Secre-
taries of the Board
of Control (Part
III.) 251-4

Chairmen and Deputy
Chairmen of the
East India Co. . 644

Secretaries and Under
Secretaries of
State for India
(Part III.) . . 236

Members of the Coun-
cil of India . . 646

Section II. — Indian
Officials.
Supreme Govcrnmcnl
of India —
Administrators

prior to 1773 . . 647
Governors - General,

1773 to 1858 . . 648
Viceroys and Gover-
nors-tJeneralfrom
1858. . ■ • • fi49
Commanders - in -
Chief .... 650
Bengal —

Governors, kpj' Go-
vernors - (ienoral
of India . . . 647-!>

PART XL— INDIA.

Bengal —

Lieutenant - Gover-
nors 652

Commanders - in -
Chief .... 652

and .see Commanders-
in-Chief — India . 650

Chief Justices, Su-
preme Court . . 652

Chief Justices, High
Court of Judica-
ture 653

Bishops of Calcutta 653

Xorth-West Provinces
and Oudh —

Lieut. -(iovernors —
Xorth-West Pro-
vinces .... 653

Chief-Commissioners,
Oudh .... 654

Lieut. - Governors,
North-West Pro-
vinces, and Chief
C o m mi ssionors,
Oudh, united . . 652

Chief Justices,

North-Wost Pro-
vinces .... 654

Punjab —

Presidents of Board

of Administr.ition 654

Cbii'fCominissionerH 654

Lieut. -Governors . (i54

l'iisho])S of Lahore . 65.5

Central Provinces —

Chief Commis.sioners 655

Burma —

Chief Commissioners

655

Bisliops of Rangoon

655

Assam —

Chief Commissioners

656

Madras-

Governors . . .

656

Commanders - in -

Chief ....

657

Chief Justices, Su-

preme Ccurt . .

658

Chief Justices. High

Court of Judica-

ture

658

Bishops ....

658

Bombay —

(iovernors . . . .

651)

Commanders - in -

Chief ....

65i)

Chief Justices. Su-

preme Court .

660

Chief Justices. High

Court of Judica-

ture

660

Bishops ....

661

Prince of Wales' Island
or Penang, Ma-
lacca, Singapore
(.see Straits Settle-
ments, Part Xil.)

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

PAET XIL— THE COLONIES.

Go^'ERNORS AND BiSHOPS OF THE CoLONIES AND OTHER DEPENDENCIES OF

THE British Empire.

Governors of — page

Ontario (and see

Canada, Upper) . 692
Pacific, Western —

High Commrs. . 711
Penang . . . 674-5
Port Jackson, .see
New South Wales.
Port Philip see Vic-
toria.
Prince Edward

Island . . . 691-2-9
Prince of Wales'

Island . . . 674-5
Quebec (and .see

Canada, Lower) . 693
Queensland . . . 705
Red River Settle-
ment .... 696
Redonda, see p. 726
Rodriguez . . . 684
Rupert's Land . . 696
St. Christopher . 727-9
St. Helena ... 682
St. Kitts, see St.

Christopher.
St. Lucia . . 719-20-5
St. Vincent . 719-20-5

Sark 668

Seychelles Islands . 684
Sierra Leone . . 685
Singapore . . . 674-5
Somers Islands . . 701
South Africa —

High Commrs. . 679
South African

Colonies . . 677-82
South Australia . 706
Straits Settlements 674-5
Swan River Settle-
ment, .seeWestern
Australia.
Tasmania . . . 708
Tobago . . . 719-20-3
Trinidad . . 719-20-1
Turks and Caicos

Islands . . . 713
Vancouver Island . 699
Van Diemen's Land 708
Victoria .... 704
Virgin Islands . 727-31
West Africa Set-
tlements . . 684-8
Western Australia 707
Western Pacific

High Commrs. . 711
Windward Islands 717-26

Introduction, contain-

PAGE

Governors of—

PAGE

ing a rlassifipd

Demerara .

715

list of the various

Dominica . . .

727-30

Indian and Colo-

Essequibo . .

715

nial Dioceses .

662

Falkland Islands

731

Fiji

711

Colonial Governors.

Gambia . . .
Gibraltar . . .

686
669

Governors of— -

Gold Coast . .

686

Africa, see South

Grenada . . .719-20-4

Africa and West

Grenadines, -•ee p. 718

Africa.

Griqualand West

. 681

Alderney ....

668

Guernsey. &c. (Go

America, .see North

vernors) . .

668

America.

(Bailiffs).

669

Anguilla, .see pp. 726-30

Guiana, British .

714-5

Antigua ...

727-8

Heligoland . .

670

Auckland Islands

710

Herm ....

668

Australasia . . 702-12

Honduras, British

714

Australia, see Aus-

Hong Kong .

673

tralasia, North

Ionian Islands (Pari

Australia, South

IL) ....

. 129

Australia, and

Isle of Man . .

. 664

Western Aus-

Jamaica . . .

712

tralia.

Jersey (Bailiffs)

668

Bahama Islands . .

716

(Governors)

667

Barbados . . 7

19-21

Kaffraria, British

680

Barbuda, see p. 726.

Labuan . . .

675

Basutoland . . .

681

Lagos ....

687

Bechuanaland.

Leeward Islands

726-31

British ....

680

Malacca . .

674-5

Belize

714

Malta . . .

671

Berbice ....

715

Man, Isle of . .

664

Bermudas

701

Manitoba . . .

696

Borneo — British

Martinique .

719

North ....

676

Mauritras .

. 683

British Bechuana-

Montserrat .

727-8

land . ....

680

Moreton Bay, see

698

Queensland.

Guiana . . .

714-5

Natal ....

680

Honduras . .

714

Nevis ....

727-9

Kaffraria . .

680

New Brunswick 691-2-5-6

711

New Guinea, Bri

676

tish ....

711

Canada ....

691-2

New South Wales

702

Dominion

New Zealand .

708

of 689-99

Newfoundland .

699

692

Niger Protectorate

688

North American

see Quebec) . .

691-3

Provinces . .

. 692

Upper (and see

North Australia

705

Ontnrio) . . .

691-2

North Borneo, Br

-

Cape Breton . . .

696

tish ....

. 676

Cape of Good Hope

. 678

North Western

Ceylon

672

Territory and

Channel Islands

667

Northwest Terri

-

Christmas Island .

674-5

tories .

696-7

Cyprus ....

671

Nova Scotia . 691-2-4-5

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Colonial Bishops.

Bishops of—

PAGE

Bishops of —

For Classified list o^

Dunedin . . . .

710

Newfoundland . .

dioceses, see p. 602

Eastern Equatorial

New Westminster .

Africa ....

688

New Zealand

ishops of —

PAGE

Falkland Islands .

730

Niagara . . . .

Adelaide . . .

. 707

Fredericton .

696

Niger District .

Africa, see Central

Gibraltar ....

670

North China . . .

Africa, and East

Goulbum ....

704

North Queensland .

em Equatorial

Grafton and Armidale

704

Nova Scotia . . .

Africa.

Grahamstown . .

680

Ontario ....

Algoma . . .

(593

Guiana ....

715

Orange Free State .

Antigua . . .

728

Hong Kong . . .

673

Perth, W.A. . . .

Armidale, Grafton &.

704

Honolulu ....

712

Pretoria ....

Assiniboia

(;98

Huron

693

Qu'appelle . . .

Athabasca . .

(597

Jamaica ....

713

Quebec ....

Auckland . .

709

Japan

677

Queensland, North .

Australia . .

703

Jerusalem

677

Rangoon (Part XI.)

Ballarat . . .

70.5

Jersey (Deans) . .

668

Riverina . . . .

Barbados . . .

721

Kaffraria ....

681

Rupert's Land . .

Bathurst . . .

. 704

Labuan ....

675

St. Helena . . .

BloeTijfontein

680

Lahore (Part XI.) .

655

St. John's Kafifraria

Bombay (Part XI.)

661

Mackenzie River

697

Saskatchewan . .

Brisbane . . .

706

Madagascar . . .

689

Sierra Leone . .

Britinh Columbia

698

Madras (Part XL) .

658

Sydney ....

Calcutta (Part XI.

\ 653

Maritzburg . . .

680

Tasmania ....

Caledonia . .

698

Mauritius

684

Toronto ....

Cape Town . .

679

Melanesia ....

711

Travancore and

Central Africa .

688

Melbourne . . .

705

China . . . .

China, Mid . .

676

Mid-China . . .

676

Trinidad ....

China, North

676

Montreal ....

694

Victoria (Hong

China, Travancor

3

Moosonee ....

697

Kong) ....

and .

676

Nassau ....

717

Waiapu ....

Christchurch, N.Z

709

Natal

680

Wellington . . .

Colombo . . .

673

Nelson

710

Zambesi ....

Columbia . . .

6!i8

Newcastle, N.S.W.

703

Zululand ....

PAGE
700

693
689
676
706
695
693
681
707
682
698
694
706
655
704
697
682
681
697
685
703
708
693

67»)
723

673
710
710

688
681

PART XIIL— ORDERS OF KNIGHTHOOD.
Orders of Knighthood, &c., connected with the I^ritish Empire.

Introduction .

Garter —

Introduction .
Knights (k.g.)
Prelates .
Chancellors .
Registrars
Kings of Arms

Thistle-
Introduction .
Knights (k.t)
Deans . . .
Secretaries .
Kings of Arms

St. Patrick —
Introduction .
Grand Masters
Knights (k.p.)
Prelates . .

732

732
733
745
745
746
740

746
747
749
749
749

749
750
7.50
7.-.2

St. Patrick-

Bath-

Chancellors . . .

752

Genealogists . .

784

Secretaries . , .

752

Regi-itrars . . .

784

Genealogists . . .

752

Secretaries . . .

784

Kings of Arms . .

752

Kings of Arms . .

785

Bath-

Guelphs — Hanover —

Introduction . .

752

Introduction . . .

785

Great Masters .

753

Knight sCirandCross

Acting Masters . .

754

(ecu.) . . .

785

Kni^htsCompauions

Knights Comman-

(K.H.) . . . .

754

ders (k.c.h.)

787

Knights Grand Cross

Knights (K.H.) . .

789

(G.C.B.)—

Chancellors . . .

792

Military . . .

706

Vico-C'hancellora .

792

Civil ....

771

Secretaries . . .

792

Knights Comman-

King- of Arms . .

793

ders (K.c.n.) —

St. Michael and St.

Military . . .

773

(ieorge-

Civil ....

782

Introduction . . .

793

Deans

784

Grand Masters, &c.

794

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

St. Michael and St

PAGE

Star of India-

PAGE

Indian Empire —

PAGK

George —

Grand Masters .

800

Knights Grand Com-

Knights GrandCross

Knights Grand

manders (g.c.i.e.)

805

(g.c.m.g.) . .

794

Commanders

Knights Comman-

Knights Comman

(G.C.S.I.) . . .

800

ders (k.c.i.e.) .

805

ders (k.c.m.g.)

796

Knights Comman-

Companions (c.i.E.)

805

Prelates . . .

799

d(.rs (k.c.s.i.)

802

Registrars

808

Chancellors . .

799

Registrars . . .

804

Secretaries .

808

Secretaries . .

799

Secretaries .

804

Crown of India —

Kings of Arms .

799

Indian Empire —

Introduction . . -

809

Registrars

799

Introduction . . .

804

Members (Cr. I.) .

809

Star of India —

Grand Masters . .

804

Registrars . .

810

Introduction .

800

Lord High Admirals,
Commissioners of
Admiralty, &c.

(Part III.) . . .

Secretaries to the Ad-
miralty (Part III.)

Treasurers of the
Navy (Part III) .

Comptrollers of the
Navy (Part HI) .

Surveyors of the
Navy (Part III.) .

Judges, High Court of
Admiralty, Eng-
land (Part VL) .

Judges, High Court of
Admiraltj', Scot-
land (Part IX.)

Judges, High Court of
Admiralty, Ireland
(Part X.) . . . .

Admiralty Advocates
(Part VI.) . . .

169

186
256
257
257

422

524

587
423

PAET XIV.— NAVAL.

Admirals (List A) —
Admirals from the
Restoration to
1836, with the
dates of their first
promotion as

Rear-Admirals . 813

Admirals (List B) —
Admirals of the
Fleet from 1837 . 821

Admirals (List C) —
Admirals of the
United Kingdom
from 1837 ... 822

Admirals (List D) —
Admirals of the Red,
White, and Blue,
from 1837 to the
discontinuance of
the division into
three squadrons
in 1864 ... 823

Admirals (List E) —
Admirals on the
Active List from
1864 ....
Admirals (List F) —
Promotions of Ad-
mirals tranferred
from the Active
to the Retired

List

Admirals (List G) —

Admirals on the

Reserve Half-Pay

List from 1851 to

the closing of the

List

Admirals (List H) —
Captains promoted
to the List of Re-
tired Admirals .
Governors of Green-
wich Hospital . .
Lieut.-Governors of
Greenwich Hospital

838

844
854

854

PART XV.— MILITARY.

Commanders-in - Chief

Captains-General .

Field-Marshals . .

Generals (List A) —
Officers who at-
tained the rank of
General, down
to June 1854 . .

Generals (List B) —
Officers who at-
tained the rank of
Lieut. - General

855

down to Novem-

cers, from 1837;

855

ber 1846 . . .

864

with their subse-

856

Generals (List C)—

quent promotions

Officers who at-

to Lieut. -Gene-

tained the rank of

rals and Gene-

Major - General

rals ....

down to January

Governors of Chelsea

857

1837 ....

871

Hospital ....

Generals (List D)—

Lieut.-Governors of

Major - Generals,

Chelsea Hospital .

including the In-

Judge Advocates

dian General Offi-

General ....

876

936

TABLE OF CONTEXTS.

PART XVI.— MISCELLANEOUS.

PAGE

Presidents of the Presidents of

Royal College of Royal Society

Physicians . . . 938 Presidents of the
Presidents of the Royal Institution . 940

Royal College of
Surgeons .... 938

PAGE

the Presidents of the

. . 940 Royal Academy of

Arts It41

Astronomers-Royal 941

List of Abbreviations used in Index of Names 944

Index of Names .........•••• 943

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES,

PART I. ROYAL.

SOVEREIGNS AND RULERS OF THE PRINCIPAL
COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD.

SOVEREIGNS AND RULERS OE EUROPE.

ENGLAND.
SOVEREIGNS OF ENGLAND.

Kings of the Heptarchy.

Kent.
Co-extensive with the shire of Kent.
455. Hengist.
488. ^sc, Esca, orEscus, son of Hengist,

in honour of whom the kings of

Kent were for some time called

iEscings.
512. Octa, son.

542. Hermenrie, or Ermenric, son.
560. St. Ethelbert, 1st Christian king.
616. Eadbald, son.
640. Ercenbert, or Ercombert, son.
664. Ecbert, or Egbert, son.
673. Lother, or Lothaii-. brother.
685 Edric; slain in 687.

The kingdom was now subject for a

time to various leaders.
694. Wihtred, or Wightred.
725. Eadbert
748. Ethelbert
760. Alric

"]

sons of Wihtred, suc-
ceeding each other.

794. Edbert, or Ethelbert Pryn ; dep.
796. Cuthred, or Guthred.
805. Balred ; who in 823 lost his life and
kingdom to Egbert, K. of Wessex.

South Saxons.
Sussex and Surrey.
490. Ella.
514. Cissa, son.

The South Saxons here fell into
an almost total dependence on
the kingdom of Wessex, and the
names of tho princes who were
possessed of this titular sove-
reignty are scarcely known.
648. Edilwald, Edihvach, or Adelwalch.
688. Anthun and Berthun. brothers ; they
reigned jointly ; both were van-
quished by Ina, K. of Wessex.
and the kingdom was finally
conquered in 725.

1

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

674.

G76,
(J85.

. V Vi'isT Saxons.
, fi^rJcSfSotUhnmpton, Wilis, Somerset,
; .' '^utikt^'Divifn, and.yart hf Cornwall.
5l9. "Ce'rdicus.
534. Cynric, or Kenric, son.
559. Ceawlin, son ; banished by his sub-
jects ; d. 593.
591. Ceolric, nephew.
597. Ceolwulf.
611. (Cynegils, and in
614. ^Cwichelm, his son, reign jointly.
643. Cenwal, Cenwalh, or Cenwald.
672. Sexburga, his queen, sister to Penda,
K. of Mercia : dep.
Escwine, in conjunction with Cent-
wine. On the death of Escwine
Centwine rules alone.
Ceadwal, or Ccedwalla.
688. Ina, or Inas.
728. Ethclheard, or Ethelard, related to

Ina.
740. Cuthred, brother.

754. Sigebryt, or Sigebert.

755. Cynewulf, or Kenwnlf, of the line

of Cerdic.

784. Bertric, or Bcorhtric.

800. Egbert, aft. sole monarch of Eng-
land.

East Saxons.
Essex, Middlesex, and parts of Herts.
527. Erchenwin, or Erchwine.
587. Sledda. son.
597. St. Sebert, or Sabert, son; first

Christian king.
614. Saxred, or Sexted, or Serred, jointly

with Sigebert and Seward; all

slain.
623. Sigebert II., surn. the Little, son

of Seward.
655. Sigebert III., surn. the Good,

brother of Sebert ; put to death.
661. Swithelm, son of Sexbald.
663. Sigher, or Sigeric, jointly with

Sebbi, or Sebba, who became a

monk.
693. Sigenard, or Sigehard, and Suenfrid.
700. Offa.

709. Suebricht, or Selred.
738. Swithred, or Swithed.
792. Sigeric.
799. Sigered.
823. The kingdom seized upon by Egbert,

K. of Wessex.

NoKTIIIIMllKlA.

Lditcaster, York, Cumin rlund, Westmore-
land, Durham, and Northumberland.
Xorthumbria was at lirst divided into
two separate governments, Bemicia and
Ueira ; the fonnor stretching from the
river Tweed to the Tyiie, and the latter
from the Tyno to the Ilumber.
547. Ida, Saxon.

560. Adda, son, K. of Bemicia
— Ella, K. of Deira ; aft. sole K. of

Xorthumbria.
567. Glappa, Clappa, or Elappea ; Ber-

nicia.

572. Heodwulf ; Bemicia.

573. Freodwulf; Bemicia.
580. Theodric ; Bemicia.
588. Ethelric ; Bemicia.

693. Ethelfrith, .surn. the Fierce.

617. Edwin, son of Ella, K. of Deira in

590 : slain in battle with Penda,

K. of Mercia.

634. The kingdom again divided; Ean-

frid ruled in Bemicia, and Osric
in Deira ; both put to death.

635. Oswald : slain in battle.
644. Osweo, or Oswy.

670. Ecfrid, or Egfrid, K. of Xorthumbria.
685. Alcfrid, or Ealdferth.
705. Osred. son.
716. Cenred ; sprung from Ida.
718. Osric, son of Alcfrid.
729. Ceolwulf ; d. a monk.
738. Eadbert, or Egbert; retired to a
monastery.

757. Oswulf. or Osulf ; .slain in a sedition.
759. Edilwald, or Mollo ; slain by Aired.
765. Aired, Ailred, or Alured ; dep.
774. Ethelred, son of Mollo ; expelled.
778. Elwald, or Celwold ; dep. and slain.

789. Osred, son of Aired; fled.

790. Ethelred rest. ; aft. slain.
795. Erdulf . or Ardulf ; dep.

808. Alfwold; succ. by Erdulf, and
perhaps by others.

East Angles.
Norfolk, Suffolk, Cambridge, Isle of Ely.
575. Uffa ; a noble German.
582. Titilus, or Titulus, son.
599. Redwald, son.
624. Erpwald, or Eorpwald.
629. Sigebert, half-brother.
632. Egfrid, or Egric, cousin.
635. Anna, or Annas ; killed.

654. Ethelric, or Ethelhere ; slain in

battle.

655. Ethelwald, brother.
664. Aldulf. or Aldwulf.
713. Selred, or Ethelred.
746. Alphwuld.

749. Beorn and Ethelred, jointly.

758. Beorn, alone.
761. Ethelred.

790. Ethelbert, or Ethelbyrht ; jmt to
death in Mercia in 792, when
Offa, K. of Mercia. overran the
country, which was finally sub-
dued by Egbert, K. of Wessex.

Mkucia.
Counties of Cloucvstir,, Herefurd, Chp.tler,
Stafford, Worii:iler, Oxford, Salop,
Warwick, Dfrhy, Leicvster, Burks,

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

755. Beornred, or Bernred ; himself slain.

755. Ofifa.

794. Egfrid, or Egferth, son; he had
ruled jointly with his father for
some years ; d. suddenly.

794. Ccnulf, or Kenulph ; slain.

819. Kenelm, or Cenelm, a minor
reigned five months ; killed by
his sister Quendreda.

819. Ceolwulf, uncle ; driven from the
throne.

821. Beornulf, or Burnwulf; killed by
his own subjects.

823. Ludecan ; slain.

825. Withlafe, or Wiglaf.

838. Berthulf, or Bertulf.

852. Burhred, or Burdred.

This last kingdom merged, like
the other kingdoms of the Hep-
tarchy, into that of England.

Northampton, Notts, Lincoln, Bedford,

Rutland, Huntingdon, and parts of

Herts.
586. Crida, or Cridda.
593. Interregnum.
597. Wibba, son.
615 Ceorl, or Cheorl, nephew.
626. Penda ; killed in battle.

655. Peada, son ; murdered.

656. Wulfhere, brother, to make way

for whom Peada was slain.

675. Ethelred ; became a monk.

704. Cenred, Cendred, or Kendred ; be-
came a monk at Rome.

709. Ceolred, or Celred, or Chelred, son
of Ethelred.

716. Ethelbald ; slain in a mutiny by one
of his own chieftains, his suc-
cessor, after a defeat in battle.

The Saxons, although they were divided into seven different kingdoms, yet were for
the most part subject to one king alone, who was entitled Rex gentis Anglorum, or
King of the English nation ; those which were stronger than the rest giving the law
to them in their several turns, till, in the end, they all became incorporated in the
empire of the West Saxons, under Egbert. The term "Octarchy" is sometimes
applied, by writers, to the Saxon kingdoms, inasmuch as Northumbria, the seventh
kingdom, was at different periods divided into two kingdoms, Bernicia and Deira,
ruled by separate kings. Other writers apply the term to the successive kings
whose authority was acknowledged by the other princes of the Heptarchy ; these
they call Octarchs.

Kings, oe Octarchs, of the English Saxons during the
Heptarchy.

704. Cenred, 8th K. of Mercia.

709. Celred, 9th K. of Mercia.

716. Ethelbald, 10th K. of Mercia.

758. Offa, 11th K. of Mercia.

796. Egferth, 12th K. of Mercia.

796. Kenulph, 13th K. of Mercia.

820. Egbert, 17th K. of the West Saxons ;
first and absolute monarch of
the whole Heptarchy, who van-
qviished all or most of the Saxon
kings, and added their dominions
to his own.

457. Hengist, 1st K. of Kent.

490. Ella, 1st K. of the South Saxons.

519. Cerdic, 1st K. of the West Saxons.

534. Kenric, 2nd K. of the West Saxons.

560. Ceawlin, 3rd K. of the West Saxons.

593. Ethelbert, 5th K. of Kent.

616. Redwald, 3rd K. of the East Angles.

630. Edwin, 4th K. of Northumbria.

635. Oswald, 5th K. of Northumbria.

644. Osweo, 8th K. of Bernicia.

670. Wulfhere, 6th K. of Mercia.

675. Ethelred, 7th K. of Mercia.

Kings op England before the Conquest.

827. Egbert, first sole Monarch of Eng-
land.

837. Ethelwolf, son.

857. Ethelbald, son.

860. Ethelbert, 2nd son of Ethelwolf.

866. Ethelred, brother ; mortally wounded
by the Danes in battle ; d. April
27, 871.

871. Alfred, sui-n. the Great, 4th son
of Ethelwolf ; d. Oct. 26, 901.

901. Edward the Elder, son ; d. 925.

925. Athelstan, natural son of Edward,
whose legitimate sons were too
young to govern ; d. Oct. 17, 941.

941. Edmund, son of Edward; d. May
26, 947.

947. Edred, brother.

955. Edwy, son of Edmund.

959. Edgar, brother ; d. July 1, 975.

975. Edward the Martyr, son ; stabbed at
Corfe Castle, at the instance of his
step-mother Elfrida, Mar. 18, 978.

978. Ethelred II., half-brother. This
prince retired to Normandy during
the Danish usurpation, when
Sweyn was prod, king, 1013.
Sweyn d. a few months after-
wards, and was succ. by his son,
Canute the Great. While the
latter was absent in Denmark,
the exiled king returned. Ethel-
red d. April 24, 1016.

I *

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES,

1016. Edmund II.. sum. Ironside, son of 1039.
Ethelred. The English and Dan- |
ish nobility, tired of war, obliged
Edmund and Canute to divide
the kingdom between them.
Canute ruled the northern por- 1041.
tion. while the southern was held
by Edmund, who, however, did
not long survive the treaty; he
was murdered at Oxford by two 1066.
of his chamberlains, accomplices
of Duke Edric, Nov. 30, 1016.

The Danish Race.
1016. Canute, styled the Great, and the

Dane ; estabhshed himself as K.

of England in 1017 : d. Nov. 12,

1035.
1035. Harold I., surn. Harefoot,- from his

agility in running ; d. April 14,

1039.

Hardicanute, or Canute the Hardy,
80 named from his bodily powers,
brother : d. June 8, 1041.

The Saxons Repossessed.

Edward the Confessor, son of Ethel-
red II. by Emma, his 2nd queen ;
d. Jan. 5, 1066. naming William
of Xormandy his heir.

Harold II., son of Godwin, E. of
Kent ; reigned only nine months ;
killed at the battle of Hastings.

William of Xormandy invaded Eng-
land in Sept. 1066 with a power-
ful fleet and army, and on Oct.
14 following, gave battle, at
Hastings, to Harold, over whom
he obtained a complete victory.
Harold being slain, William was
proclaimed king by his trium-
phant anny on the spot.

Sovereigns op England after the Conquest.

The Norman Line.

1066. William the Conqueror, natural
son of Robert, D. of Nonuandy, by
Harlotta, a tanner's dau., at
Falaise. h. 102"); ;//. Matilda, dau.
of Baldwin, Count of Flanders;
d. at Rouen, Sept. 9, 1087.

1087. William Rufus, or the Red, from
the colour of his hair, second
son of William I., h. 1057 ; d. unm.,
Aug. 2, 1100.

1100. Hbnry I., surn. Beauclerk, youngest
son of William I., A. 1070; in. 1st,
Matilda, dau. of ^lalcolm Canmorc,
K. of Scotland ; and, 2nd, Adclicia,
dau. of Godfrey, D. of Louvaine;
d. Dec. 1, 1135.

1135. Stephen, son of the E. of Blois (by
Adela, dau. of William I.), and
nephew of Henry I., I>. 1105. The
Empress Maud. dau. of Henry, and
rightful heir to the throne, con-
tended for it with Stephen, but
ultimately concluded a peace
with him. by which she secured
the succession to her son. See
next lieifin. Stephen in. Matilda,
dau. of Eustace, count of Bou-
logne; d. Oct. 25. 1154.

The Plantaoenet Line.
1154. Henky II., son of the Empress Maud

and GeofTrey Plantagenot. Earl

of Anjou, her second husband, A.

1133; M. Eleanor, dau. of th(> 1).

of (Juionno and divorced quonn of

Louis VII. of France: d. July 6,

11K9.
1189. RirHAitn I.. Ca-nr i/i Jjon, son of

Henry I., h. 1157 ; in. Berengaria,

dau. of Sancho VI., K. of
Navarre; d. Apr. 6, 1199.

1199. John, sum. Lackland, brother. I>.
Dec. 24, 1166: m. Ist, Avisa,
dau. of William, Earl of Glou-
cester, whom he divorced upon
the ground of consanguinity ;
and. 2nd, Isabella, dau. of Aymer,
count of Angouleme, the affi-
anced wife of the Count de la
Marche ; d. Oct. 19, 1216.

1216. Henry III., son, h. Oct. 1,1206;
in. Eleanor, dau. of Raymond,
comit de Provence ; d. Nov. 16,
1272.

1272. Edward I., surn. Longshanks, son,
h. June 17, 1239; »i. 1st, Eleanor,
dau. of Ferdinand III. , K. of Cas-
tile ; and, 2nd, Margaret, dau. of
Phihp III., the Hardy, K. of
France ; d. July 7, 1307.

1307. Edward II., son', l>. Apr. 25, 1284;
m. Isabella, dau. of Philip IV.,
the Fair, K. of France : deth.
.Ian. 25, 1327 ; and murdered at
Berkeley Castle Sept. 21 follow-
ing.

1327. Edward III., son, b. Nov. 13. 1312;
in. Philippa, dau. of William,
count of Holland and Hainhault ;
d. .Iune21. 1.'577.

1377. Ri( HAKK 11.. .son of Edward the
Black Prince and grandson of
Edward III., h. Jan. 6, 1367 : m.
Ist, Anne. dau. of the Emp.
Charles IV. ; and, 2nd. Isabel,
dau. of Charles VI. of France;
deth. Sep. 29, 1399, and murdered
at Pomfret Castle, Feb. 13 fol-
lowing.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

The Line of Lancaster.

1399. Henry IV., surn. Bolingbroke, son
of John of Gaunt, D. of Lancaster,
who was fourth son of Edward
HI., h. 1367 ; m. 1st, Mary de
Bohun, dau. and co-heu-ess of the
E. of Hereford; and, 2nd, Joanna of
Navarre, widow of John de Mont-
fort, D. of Bretagne ; d. Mar. 20, j
1413.

1413. Henrt v., of Monmouth, son, b.
1388 ; m. Katherine, youngest dau.
of Charles VI., K. of France ; d.
Aug. 31, 1422.

1422. Henry VI., son, h. Dec. 6, 1421;
m. Margaret of Xn]o\x, dau. of
Rene' or Regnier, D. of Anjou,
titular K. of Sicily and Jerusa-
lem; deth. Mar. 4, 1461, and d.
in the Tower (supposed to have
been murdered there by Richard,
D. of Gloucester), June 20,
1471.

The House of York.
1461 Edward W., eldest sui-viving son
of Richard, D. of York, son of
Richard, E. of Cambridge, and
Anne, his wife, who was dau. of
Roger, E. of March, the son of
Edmund Mortimer and Philippa,
his wife, who was dau. of Lionel,
D of Clarence, the third son of
Edward III, h. Apr. 29, 1441;
m. Elizabeth Widvile, (or Wood-
ville), dau. of Sir Richard Wid-
vile, afterwards E. Rivers, widow
of Sir John Grey, of Groby ;
d. Apr. 9, 1483. Edward, pr.
of Wales, son of Henry VI., was
murdered in this reign.
1483. Edward V., eldest son, b. Nov. 4,
1470. Dep. June 22, 1483. He
was shortly afterwards murdered,
with his brother Richard, in the
Tower, by their uncle Gloucester,
who had usurped the throne.
1483. Richard III., D. of Gloucester,
eighth and yomigest sou of Rich-
ard, D. of York, and brother of
Edward IV., b. 1443; m. Anne,
dau. of the great E. of Warwick,
and widow of Edward, pr. of Wales,
above-mentioned. Slain at the
battle of Bosworth Field", Aug.
22, 1485.

The Famlies of York and Lancaster
United in the House of Tudor.

1485. Henry VII., E. of Richmond, grand-
son of Owen Tudor and Catharine,
widow of Henry v., //. July 26,
1455: claimed his title to the
crown in right of his mother,

descended from John of Gaunt,
4th son of Edward III. ; «i. Eliza-
beth, eldest dau. of Edward TV.,
by which marriage the houses of
Lancaster and York were united.
Overcame Richard III. at tho
battle of Bosworth, and was
crowned king upon the spot ; d.
Apr. 22, 1509.
509. Henry VIII., son, b. June 28,
1491 ; m. (1), Katharine of Arragon
(widow of his elder brother,
Arthur), whom he repudiated and
afterwards formally divorced. (2)
Anne Bolejm (dau. of sir Thomas
Boleyn, and maid of honour to
queen Katharine), whom he be-
headed. (3), Jane Seymour (dau.
of Sir John Seymour and maid of
honour to Anne Boleyn), who
died in childbirth of a son, aft.
Edward VI. (4), Anne of Clevea
(sister of WiUiam, D. of Cleves),
whom he divorced. (5), Katharine
Howard (niece of the D. of Nor-
folk), whom he beheaded. (6),
Katharine Parr (dau. of sir
Thomas Parr and widow of
Edward Nevill, lord Latimer, her
2nd husband), who survived him ;
d. Jan. 28, 1547.
1547. Edward VI. , son, by Jane Seymour
b. Oct. 12, 1537: d. warn., July
6, 1553.
1553. Mart, eldest dau. of Hem-y VIII.,
by Katharine of Arragon, b. Feb.
11, 1516 ; m. Philip II. of Spain,
who was joined with her in the
government, July 25, 1554 ; d.
Nov. 17, 1558.
In the beginning of this reign
lady Jane Grey, dau. of the D.
of Suffolk, and wife of lord Guild-
ford Dudley, was proclaimed
queen ; Edward ^^., when dymg,
having been persuaded to alter
the succession in her favour. In
10 days afterwards she returned
to private life ; but was tried
Nov. 13, 1553, and beheaded Feb.
12, 1554, being then but seventeen
years of age. Her nominal reign
extended from July 6 to July 17
1553.
1558. Elizabeth, second dau. of Hem-y
VIII. by Anne Boleyn, b. Sept.
7,1533; ^. unm. Mar. 24, 1603;
and in her ended the Tudors.

House of Stu.4:rt.
1603. James I. of England, and VI. of
Scotland, son of Mary, Q. of
Scots, by Heni-y Stuart, lord
Darniey ; and grandson of James
IV. of Scotland, by Margaret,

TlIE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

164U,

164J»,

clau. of Henry VII. of England :
b. June 19, I56(>; iti. Anne, dau.
of Frederick II. of Denmark ;
fi. Mar. 27, 1(525.

1625. Charler I., eldest surviving son,
/i. Nov. 19. 1(100: m. Henrietta-
Maria, dau. of Henrj' IV. and
sister of Louis XIII. of France.
This monarch was brought to trial
on a charge of making war against
the parliament, sentenced to be
)>cheaded, Jan. 27. 1649, and ex-
ecuted on the 30th.
Commonwealth. Oliver Cromwell,
was decl. protector of England.
Dec. 12, 1653; d. Sept. 3, 1658.
Succ. by his son, Richard Crom-
well, who was made protector,
Sept. 4 ; he resigned the office.
Apr. 22, 1659.
Chables II., son of Charles I., b.
May 29, 1630. This king's reign
commenced, in effect, with his
restoration to the throne, May
29, 1660 ; but it is reckoned by
historians from the day of his
father's death, Jan. 30, 1649;
ni. the infanta Catharine of Por-
tugal, dau. of John IV. and sister
of Alphonso VI. ; d. Feb. 6,
1(>85.

1685. James II.. brother, b. Oct. 13,1633 ;
wi. Ist, lady Anne Hyde. dau. of
Edward, E. of Clarendon, who
died before ho ascended the
throne ; and. 2nd, ISIary Beatrice
Eleanor d'Este. pr. of Modena,
dau. of Alphonso d'Este, D. of
Modena. James abd. by flight,
finally quitting England Dec. 23.
1688 ; d. in exile Sept. 6, 1701.

1689. Wii-liam III., pr. of Orange, and

Makv II., his queen. The former
was the posthumous son of
William of Nassau and Orange by
tlie pr. Mary, eldest dau. of
Clharles I., h. Nov. 14. 1650. The
latter was the elder dau. of James
II., by ladv Anne Hvde; A. April
3(t, 1662. Procl. Fob. 13, 1(J89 ;
this event consummating the Re-
volution of 1688. Marv(/. Dec. 28.
1694 ; and William. .AJar. 8, 1702.

1702. Annk, second dau. of James II. by
lady Anne Hyde. //. Feb. 6, 1665;
/". pr. George of Denmark. July
28, 1683; ,/. Aug. 1, 1714.

Hoi'SE OK Hanover.

1714. George I. (George Lewis), the near-
est Protestant heir to the crown ;
son of Ernest Augustus, elector
of Hanover and D. of Bnms-
wick-Luneburg, bj' the pr. Sophia,
youngest dau. of Frederick V.,
elector palatine and K. of Bohemia,
and the pr. Elizabeth, dau. of
James I., h. May 28, 16(50 ; m-
Sophia Dorothea, dau. of George
William. D. of Zell ; d. June 11,
1727.

1727. George II. (George Augustus), son,
b. Oct. 30, 1683 ; in. Wilhelmina
Caroline, dau. of John Frederick,
margrave of Brandenburg -
Anspach ; d. Oct. 25, 1760.

1760. George III. (George William
Frederick), son of Frederick
Lewis, pr. of Wales, and grand-
son of George II., b. June 4,
1738; ;«. Charlotte Sophia, dau.
of Charles Lewis Frederick, D.
of Mecklenburg-StreUtz, Sept.
8, 1761. His son, George, pr.
of Wales, declared regent of the
kingdom. Feb. 5, 1811. and so
continued until Jan. 29, 1820,
when the king died.

1820. George IV. (George Augustus
Frederick), eldest son, /». Aug.
12, 1762 ; III. his cousin Caroline
Amelia Elizabeth, dau. of Charles
William Ferdinand. D. of Bruns-
wick-Wolfenbuttel, by Augusta,
eldest sister of George III., Apr.
8, 1795. Became prince regent.
Feb. 5, 1811 ; and succ. to the
throne, Jan. 29, 1820; d. June
26. 1830.

1830. William IV. (William Henry), D.
of Clarence, third son of George
HI., b. Aug. 21, 17(55: m.
Amelia Adelaide Louisa Theresa
Caroline, dau. of (ieorge Frede-
rick Charles, D. of Saxe-
Meiningen, July 11, 1818 ; d. .June
20. 1837.

1837. Victoria (Aloxandrina Victoria),
dau. of Edward, 1). of Kent,
fourth son of (Joorge III., b. Way
24. 1819; »i. Feb. 10, 1840, her
cousin, Francis Albert Augustus
Charles Emmanuel D. of Saxe,
I)r. of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.

Wales was (inally subdued by England in 1282-3, and the "Statute of Wales,"
12 Edw. I., was passed May 19, 12H4. Wales was "incorporated, united, and annexed
to and with " England in 1535 by 27 lien. VIII. cap. 26. Scotland was united to both
on and after May 1, 1707, by (5 Anne cap. 11. and the three wore then styled "(Jreut
Britain." Irebmd was united to (Jreat Uritnin ..n nnd .iftor .Ian. 1. ISOI, "by .-59 and 40

THE BOOK OF DKiNITIES. 7

Geo. III. cap. 67, and the four countries were then and are still styled "The United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland."

CONSORTS OF THE QUEENS OF ENGLAND.

Philip, Consort of Q. Mary; son of Charles,
K. of Spain (Charles I.) and Emp. of
Germany (Charles V.); styled King
Philip, b. May 21, 1527; m. (1) to Q.
Mary, July 25, 1554, and (2) to Isabella,
dau. of Henry II., K of France, June
24. 1559 ; succ. to throne of Spain as
Philip II. Jan. 16, 1556; d. Sept. 13,
1598.

George, Consort of Q. Anne, son of Fre-
derick III., K. of Denmark ; styled

Pr. George or Pr. George of Denmark,
h. Apr. 21, 1653 ; m. July 28, 1683 ;
cr. D. of Cumberland. Apr. 9. 1689 ; d.
Oct. 28, 1708.
Albert (Francis Albert Augustus Charles
Emmanuel), Consort of Q. Victoria, son
of Ernest-Anthony, D. of Sase-Coburg
and Gotha ; styled Pr. Albert, until June
25, 1857, when he received the style or
title of the Pr. Consort ; J). Aug. 26,
1819 ; m. Feb. 10, 1840 ; d. Dec. 14, 1861.

CONSORTS OF THE KINGS OF ENGLAND.

Including those who died before their husbands accession to the
throne. Compiled, chiefly, from Miss Agues Strickland's Queens of
Eiigland, the dates in which have been followed.

Styled " Queen."

Matilda of Flanders, consort of Wil-
liam I., dau. of Baldwin, Count of Flan-
ders, 6. abt. 1031; /«. 1050; d. Nov. 2,
1083.

Matilda of Scotland, 1st consort of
Henry I., dau. of Malcolm Canmore, K.
of Scotland, b. 1079; m. Nov. 11, 1100;
d. May 1, 1118.

Adelicia of Louvaine, 2nd consort
of Henry I., dau. of Godfrey, D. of Bra-
bant, 6. 1102 ; m. Jan. 24, 1121 ; d.
Apr. 1151.

Matilda of Boulogne, consort of
Stephen, dau. of Eustace, Count of
Boulogne, m. 1128; d. May 3, 1151.

Eleanor of Aquitaine, consort of Henry
II. , dau. of the D. of Guienne and divorced
Q. of Louis VIL of France, b. 1122 ; iii.
May 1, 1152 ; d, June 26, 1204.

Berengaria of Navarre, consort of
Richard I., dau. of Sancho VI., K. of
Navarre ;«i. May 12, 1191; ret. to the
Abbey of Espan in 1230, and d. there
some years aft.

AviSA or Hawise, 1st consort of John,
dau. of William, E. of Gloucester; m.
1191 ; divorced, on ground of consan-
guinity, 1200. This lady was not crowned
or acknowledged as Queen.

Isabella of Angouleme, 2nd consort
of John, dau. of Aymer, Count of An-
gouleme, b. abt. 1185 ; m. Aug. 24,
1200; d. 1246.

Eleanor of Provence, consort of Henry
III., dau. of Raymond, Count de Pro-
vence, b. 1222; m. Jan. 4, 1236; d.
June 24, 1291.
Eleanor of Castile, 1st consort of
Edward I, dau. of Ferdinand IH., K. of

Castile, b. abt. 1244; m. Aug. 1254;
d. Nov. 9, 1290.

Margaret of France, 2ad consort of
Edward I., dau. of Philip III., K. of
France, b. abt. 1281 ; m. Sept. 8, 1299 ;
d. Feb. 14, 1317.

Isabella of France, consort of Edward
II., dau. of Philip IV., K. of France,
b. 1295 ; m. Jan. 22, 1308 ; d. Aug. 22,
1358.

Philippa of Hainhault, consort of Ed-
ward III., dan. of William, Count of
Holland and Hainhault, b. 1311 ; m. Jan.
24, 1328; d. Aug. 15,1369.

Anne of Bohemia, 1st consort of Richard
II., dau. of Charles IV., Emp. of Ger-
many, b. May 11, 1366; Jn. Jan. 14,
1382 ; d June 7, 1394.

Isabella of Valois, 2nd consort of
Richard IL, dau. of Charles VL, K. of
France, b. Nov. 9, 1387; ?n. Nov. 1,
1395 ; d. Sept. 13, 1410.

Mart de Bohdn, 1st consort of Henry IV..
dau. of the E. of Hereford, m. 1384; d.
1394 ; before Henry became King.

Joanna of Navarre, 2nd consort of Henry
IV., dau. of Charles, K. of Navarre, and
widow of John de Montfort, D. of Bre-
tagne, b. abt. 1360 ; vi. Feb. 7, 1403 ;
d. July 9, 1437,

Katherine of Valois, consort of Henry
v., dau. of Charles VI., K. of France,
b. Oct. 27, 1401 ; m. June 3, 1420 ; d.
Jan. 3, 1437.

Margaret of Anjou, consort of Henry

VL, dau. of Rene or Regnier, D. of Anjou.

b. Mar. 23, 1429; m. Apr. 22, 1445:

d. Aug. 26, 1481.

Elizabeth Woodville, consort of Ed-

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

ward IV., dan. of Sir Richard Widvile or
Woodville, aft. E. Rivers; widow of Sir
John Grey, of Groby, aft. Id. Ferrars,
b. abt. 1435 ; ///. privately May 1, 1464 ;
marriage announced Sept. 29, 1464; d.
June 8, 1492.

Anne of Warwick, consort of Richard
III., dau. of the E. of Warwick, widow
of Edward pr. of Wales, h. June 11,
14.54; w. Auf(. 1470; d. March 16,
1485.

Elizabeth of York, consort of Henry
VII., dau. of Edward IV., b. Feb. 11,
1466; w. Jan. 18, 1486; d. Feb. 11,
150a.

Katharine of Arragon, 1st consort of
Henry VIII., dau. of Ferdinand, K. of
Arrawon, and widow of Henry's elder
brother Arthur, h. Dec. 15, 1485 ; m.
June 11 1509; divorced May 25, 1533;
d. Jan. 7, 1536.

Anne Boleyn, 2nd consort of Henry VIII.,
dau. of Sir Thomas Bolevm, b. 1501 ;
III. Jan. 25, 1533, and Apr. 12, 1533;
beheaded May 19, 1536.

Jane Seymodr, 3rd consort of Henry
VIII., dau. of Sir John Seymour ; m.
May 20, 1536; d. Oct. 24, 1537.

Anne of Cleves. 4th consort of Henry
VIII., dau. of John, D. of Cleves, b.
Sept. 22, 1516 ; m. Jan. 6, 1540; divorced
July 9, 1540; d. July 16-17, 1557.

Katharine Howard, 5th consort of Henry
VIII., dau. of Id. Edmund Howard, niece
of the D. of Norfolk, h. 1521 or 1522;
III. July 1540; beheaded Feb. 12, 1542.

Katharine Parr, 6th consort of Henry
VIII. , dau. of Sir Thomas Parr, widow
of Edward, Id. Borough of Gainsborough,
and of John Neville, Id. Latimer, her
second husband, h. {teste Miss Strick-
land), 1513, but according to other autho-
rities in 1509 or 1510; m. July 12, 1543;
(/. Sept. 7, 1548.

Anne of Denmark, consort of James I.,

dau. of Frederick II., K. of Denmark,
b. Dec. 12, 1574; m. Nov. 23, 1589;
d. Mar. 2, 1619.

Henrietta Maria, consort of Charles I.,
dau. of K. Henry IV., and sister of K.
Louis XIII. of France, b. Nov. 25,
1609 ; m. June 13, 1625 ; d. Sept. 10,
1669.

Catharine of Braganza, consort of
Charles H., dau. of K. John FV., and
sister of K. Alphonso VI. of Portugal,
b. Nov. 25, 1638 ; m. May 20, 1662 ; d.
Dec. 31, 1705.

Anne Hyde, 1st consort of James II., dau.
of Edward, E. of Clarendon, rn. Sept. 3,
1660; d. Mar. 31, 1671, before James
became King. Anne was the mother of
Q. Mary and Q. Anne.

Mary Beatrice Eleanor d'Este of
MoDENA, 2nd consort of James II., dau,
of Alphonso D'Este, D. of Modena, b.
Oct. 5, 1658 ; /«. Nov. 21, 1673 ; d. May
7, 1718

Sophia Dorothea of Zell, consort of
George I., dau. of George William, D. of
Zell, b. Sept. 15, 1666: m. 1682; d.
Nov. 13, 1726.

WiLHELMINA CAROLINE, COUSOrt Of GcOTge

H., dau. of John Frederick, Margrave
of Brandenburg- Anspach, b. Mar. 1,
1683 ; m. 1705 ; d. Nov. 20, 1737.

Charlotte Sophia, consort of George IH.,
dau. of Charles Lewis Frederick, D. of
Mecklenburgh-Strelitz, b. May 19. 1744 ;
m. Sept. 8, 1761 ; d. Nov. 17, 1818.

Caroline Amelia Elizabeth, consort of
George IV., dau. of Charles William
Ferdinand, D. of Brunswick-Wolfenbut-
tel, b. May 17, 1768; m. Apr. 8, 1795;
(/. Aug. 7, 1821.

Amelia Adelaide Louisa Theresa
Caroline, consort of William IV.. dan.
of George Frederick Charles, D. of
Saxe-Meiningen, b. Aug. 13, 1792; in,
July 11, 1818 ; d. Dec. 2, 1849.

PRINCES OF WALES OF THE BLOOD ROYAL OF ENGLAND.

1284. Edward, of Carnarvon, son of Ed-
ward I. ; aft. Edw. II.

1343. Edward, the Black Prince, oldest
son of Edward HI.

1376. Richard, of Bourdeaux, only surviv-
ing son uf the Black Prince ; aft.
Richard II.

1399. Henry, of Monmouth, eldest son of
Henry IV. ; aft. llonry V.

1454. Edward, of Westminster, only son
of Henry VI., murdered by the
dukcH of (iloucosterand Clarence,
in 1471.

1472. Kdwaid, of Westminster, oldest son
of Edward IV. ; aft. Edward V.

1 483 Kdward, E. of Salisbury, only son of

Richard III. ; cr. Sept. 8, 148:^ ;

d. April, 1484.
1490. Arthur Tudor, oldest son of Henry

VIL;f/. 1502.
1503. Henry, D. of York, second son of

Henry VII., cr. pr. of Wales on

his brother's death; aft. Henry

vin.

1537. Edward Tudor, son of Henry VIIL ;

aft. Edward VI. The patent of

creation to the dignity was never

actually passed.
1610. Henry Frederick, oldest son of

James I. ; d. 1612.
Charles, D. of York, second son of

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

James I. ; aft. Charles I. Not cr.

pr. of Wales.
Charles, eldest son of Charles I. ; aft.

Charles II. Not cr. pr. of Wales.
1714. George Augfustus, only son of George

I. ; aft. George II.
1729. Frederick Lewis, eldest son of

George II. ; cr. Jan. 9, 1729 ; d.

before his father, Mar. 20, 1751.

1751. George William Frederick, eldest

son of the preceding ; cr. Apr. 20,

1751 ; aft. George III.
1762. George Augustus Frederick, eldest

son of George III. ; cr. Aug. 17,

1762 ; aft. George IV.
1841. Albert Edward, eldest son of Q.

Victoria; cr. Dec. 7, 1841.

PRINCES AND PRINCESSES OF ENGLAND.
Born op the Norman Line.

Issue of William I.

Robert. D. of Normandy.

Richard, said to have been killed by a
stag in the New Ferest.

WiLLiAM-RuFUS, aft. William II.

Henky, aft. Henry I.

Cicely, d. abbess of the convent of the
Holy Trinity at Caen.

Constance, m. to Alan, E. of Brittany,
and of Richmond, in England.

Alice, contracted to Harold (who after-
wards refused her), she died un-
married.

Adela, /«. to Stephen, E. of Blois,
by whom she had (besides three
other sons), William, Theobald, and
Henry.

Stephen, aft. King.

Gundred, m. to William, E. of Warren
and Surrey.

Agatha (called Margaret by Ralphe
Brooke), betrothed to Alphonso, K.
of Galicia, but died on her journey
to join her bridegroom.

Issue of Henry I.

1. William, drowned on his passage from

Normandy ; the prince's newly
married bride, Matilda, dau. of
Fulke, E. of Anjou, shared the same
fate.

2. Maud, or Matilda, m. 1st, to the emp.

Henry V., and 2nd, to Geoffrey
Plantagenet, son of Fulke, E. of An-
jou, by whom she had :
I. Henry, aft. Henry II.
II. Geoffrey (Pembroke) E. of
Nantes.

III. William, E. of Poitou.

IV. Emma, iii. to David, by usur-

pation pr. of North Wales.

Issue of Stephen.

1. Baldwin, d. in infancy.

2. Eustace, E. of Boulogne.

3. William, E. of Mortaigne.

4. Maud, d. young.

5. Mary, m. to Matthew, son of Theodore,

count of Flanders.

Born of the Plantagenet Line.

Issue of Henry II.

1. William, who died in childhood.

2. Henry, m. Margaret, dau. of the Fx-ench

king ; d. before his father.

3. Richard, aft. Richard I.

4. Geoffrey, E. of Brittany and Richmond,

m. Constance, dau. of Conan, D. of
Brittany ; accidentally killed at a
tournament in Paris, leaving

I. Arthur, E. or D. of Brittany,
who was rightful heir of his
uncle Richard.
n. Eleanor, d. unm.

5. Philip, d. young.

6. John, aft. King.

7. Eleanor, m. to Alphonso VIII., K. of

Castile.

8. Maud, m. to Henry the Lion, D. of

Brunswick, ancestor of the present
royal family of England.

9. Joan, m. 1st, to William II., count of

Sicily ; and, 2nd, Raymond, count
of Toulouse.

[Henry had two sons by Rosa-
mond Clifford : viz. William

Longespee, or Longsword, so
named from the sword he
usually wore ; and Geoffrey,
abp. of York.]
Issue of King John.

1. Henry, aft. Henry III.

2. Richard, E. of Poitou and Cornwall ;

elected K. of the Romans in 1256.

3. Joan, VI. to Alexander II., K. of Scot-

land.

4. Eleanor, m. 1st, to William Marshall

the younger, E. of Pembroke ; and,
2nd, to Simon de Montfort, E. of
Leicester.

5. Isabel, m. to the Emp. Frederick U.

Issue of Henry III.

1. Edward, aft. Edward I.

2. Edmund Plantagenet, surn. Crouch-

back, E. of Lancaster.

3. Richard; 4. John; 5. William; all

d. young.

6. Henry, assass. at mass in Italy.

7. Margaret, m. to Alexander III., K. of

Scotland.

10

THE BOOK OF DKiXITIES.

8. Beatrice, ///. to John, 1st D. of Brit-

tany.

9. Catherine, d. in infancy.

Issue of Edward I.
1. John; 2. Henry; 3. Alphonso ; d.

young.
4. Edward, pr. of Wales ; aft. Edward

H.

6. Eleanor, m. Ist, to Alphonso of Arra-
gon, who died soon after ; and, 2nd,
to Henrv, comtc de Barre.

6. Joan, m. 1st, to Gilbert de Clare, E. of

Gloucester; and 2nd, to Ralph de
Monthermere.

7. Margaret, m. to John, D. of Brabant.

8. Berangera or Berenice, d. in infancy.

9. Alice, d. young.

10. Mary, a nun at Amesbury in Wiltshire,

and aft. at Fontevraud, in Nor-
mandy.

11. Elizabeth, m. 1st, to John, E. of Hol-

land ; and, 2nd, to Humphrey, E. of
Hereford and Essex.

12. Beatrice, d. in infancy.

13. Blanch, d. in infancy.

14. Thomas, E. of Norfolk and marshal

of England.

15. Edmund, of Woodstock, E. of Kent;

beheaded in 1329.
10. Eleanor, second of the name; d.
young.

IssuK OF Edward II.

1. Edward, aft. Edward III.

2. John, of Eltham, E. of Cornwall.

3. Joan, m. to David, pr. of Scotland

son of Robert Bruce.

4. Eleanor, m. to Rcynald or Reginald, E.

of Gueldres.

Issue of Edward HI.

1. Edward, surn. the Black Prince,

pr. of Wales, h. June ir>, 1330; in.
his cousin Joan, the " Fair Maid of
Kent," dau. of Edmund, E. of Kent,
repudiated wife of Thomas Monta-
cute, E. of Salisbury, and widow of
sir Thomas Holland ; d. July 8,
187G, having had issue

I. Edward, who died in his

seventh year.
II. RiciiAUD, aft. Richard II.

2. William, of Hatfield, died early.

3. Lionel, \). of Clarence. /;/. Ist, Eli-

zabeth de Burgh, dau. of William,
E. of Ulster, by whom ho had an
only daughter, Philippa, in. to
Edmund Mortimer, E. of March.
Lionel esjjousod, 2nd, Violante. dau.
of the 1). of Milan, and died in Italy
Boon after. For the issue of Philippa,
see below.

4. John, of Ghent, or Gaunt (so called

from the place of his birth), D. of
Lancaster. From this prince sprang
that branch which afterwards
possessed the crown. See below.

5. Edmund, of Langley, E. of Cambridge.

and aft. D. of York, m. Ist, Isabel,
dau. of Peter, K. of Castile and
Leon; and 2nd, Joan, dau. of Thomas,
E. of Kent. For his issue (by his
first duchess), see below.

6. William, of Windsor, d. young.

7. Thomas, of Woodstock, D. of Glouces-

ter, m. Eleanor, eldest dau. and co-
heiress of Humphrey de Bohun, E.
of Hereford, Essex, and Northamp-
ton. The duke was murdered at
Calais, Sept. 8, 1397.

8. Isabel, m. to Ingelram de Courcy, or.

E. of Bedford.

9. Joan, contracted in marriage to

Alphonso, K. of Castile, but died
before its celebration.

10. Blanch de la Tour (born in the Tower),

d. an infant.

11. Mary, m. to John de Jlontfort. sur-

named the Valiant, D. of Brittany.

12. Margaret, m. to John Hastings, E. of

Pembroke, who was poisoned.

The following are given under separate
heads, as materially serving to elucidate
the claims to, and the descent of. the
crown.

Issue of Philippa
Dauyhter of Lionel, duke of Clarence, Srd

.son of Edward III. See above.
1. Roger Mortimer, E. of March, m.
Eleanor, dau. of Thomas Holland, E.
of Kent; killed in Ireland, leaving
issue
I. Edmund, K of March, who,
on the death of Richard II.
became rightful heir to the
crown ; ho was kept in con-
finement by Henry IV., and
it. in prison, 1424.
II. Anno Mortimer, who became
heiress of her house, and
convoyed its claims on the
crown to the house of York,
by her marriage with Richard
E. of Cambridge.
III. Eleanor, m. to Edward Courte-
nay, E. of Devon.

2. Edmund Mortimer, who settled in

North Britain.

3. John Mortimer, put to death in 1424.

4. Elizabeth, m. to Henry, lord Percy,

surn. Hotspur.
6. Philippa, w. 1st. to John. E. of Pem-
broke ; and. 2nd. to Richard Fitz-
Alan, E. of Arundel.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

II

Issue of John of Gaunt. D. of Lan-
caster.

4.th son of Edward III.
This prince m. 1st, Blanch, youngest
daughter and co-heiress of Henry, D.
of Lancaster, and had issue

1. Henry, aft. Henry IV.

2. Philippa, m. to John I., K. of Por-

tugal.

3. Elizabeth, m. 1st to John, D. of Exeter,

and 2nd, to sir John Cornewall, cr.
baron Fanhope.
He m. 2nd, Constance, eldest dau. and
co-heiress of Peter, K. of Castile and
Leon, by whom he had

4. Catherine, m. to Henry, pr. of Asturias,

aft. king of Castile and Leon.
He m. 3rd, Catherine, dau. of sir Payn
Roelt, knt., and widow of sir Hugh
Swynford. By this lady he had,
before marriage

5. John, marq. of Dorset and Somerset,

ancestor of the present D. of Beau-
fort.

6. Henry, bp. of Winchester.

7. Thomas, D. of Exeter.

8. Joan, 111. 1st, to Robert, lord Ferrers ;

and 2nd, to Ralph Nevill, E. of
Westmoreland.
These last, by act of parliament, 20
Richard II. , were declared legitimate
for all purposes but inheriting the
crown.

Issue of Edmund, E. of Cambridge.
5th son of Edward III.

1. Constance, m. to Thomas le Despencer,

E. of Gloucester.

2. Edward, D. of York and Albemarle ;

slain at the battle of Agincourt.

3. Richard, E. of Cambridge, m. Anne

Mortimer, great-grand-daughter,
and eventually heiress of her uncle
Lionel, D. of Clarence. Through
her the house of York derived its

title to the crown in preference to
the house of Lancaster, which,
though descended in an unbroken
male line from Edward III. was the
line of a younger son. The earl was
beheaded for a plot against the life
of Henry V., leaving issue

I. Isabel, m. to Henry Bourchier,
E. of Essex.
II. Richard, D. of York and pro-
tector of England, m. Cicely,
dau. of Ralph Nevill, E.
of Westmoreland; he was
slain at the battle of Wake-
field in IIGO. His issue
follows :

Issue of Richard, D. of York.

1. Henry, d. in infancy.

2. Edward, aft. Edward IV.

3. Edmund, E. of Rutland ; slain at Wake-

field, aged only 12 years.

4. William, d. in infancy.

5. John, d. in infancy.

6. George, D. of Clarence ; w. Isabel, dau.

of Richard Nevill, E. of Warwick ;
attainted, and d. 1477 ; he left issue
I. Edward, E. of Warwick ; be-
headed in 1499.
II. Margaret, countess of Salisbury,
m. to sir Richard Pole ; at-
tainted, and beheaded in 1541.

7. Thomas, d. in infancy.

8. Richard, aft. Richard III.

9. Anne, m. Ist, Henry Holland, D. of

Exeter; and 2nd, sir Thomas St.
Leger, knt.

10. Elizabeth, m. to John Delapole, D. of

Suffolk.

11. Margaret, m. to Charles, D. of Bur-

gundy.

12. Ursula.

Edward, earl of Warwick, beheaded as
above, in 1499, was the last of the male
line of the Plantagenets.

Born of the House of Lancaster.

Issue of Henry IV.

1. Henry, sum. Monmonth, pr. of

Wales, aft. Henry V.

2. Thomas, of Lancaster, D. of Clarence,

who fell at the battle of Beague, in
1421.

3. John, of Lancaster, D. of Bedford,

regent of France in the minority of
Henry VI.

4. Humphrey, D. of Gloucester, regent of

England in the same minority. It
is supposed that he died by violence
or poison.

5. Blanch, m. 1st, to Louis, pr. palatine

of Bavaria; 2nd, to the K. of

Arragon ; and, 3rd, to the D. of
Barre.
6. Philippa, m. to Eric, K. of Denmark.

Issue of Henry V.
Henry, pr. of Wales, aft. Henry VI.
The widow of Henry V. married
sir Owen Tudor of the principality
of Wales, said to be of royal lineage,
by whom she had
I. Edmund Tudor, cr. E. of Rich-
mond, who m. Margaret, dau.
of John, first D. of Somerset,
and great-grand-daughter of
John of Gaunt. He left an

12

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

only son, Hkxry, E. of Rich-
mond : aft. Henry VII.
II. Jasper Tudor, cr. E. of Pem-
broke.
III. Tacina Tudor, in. to Reginald,
lord Grey, of Wilton.

Issue of Henry VI.

Edward, pr. of Wales, h. Oct. 31, 1452 ,
III. in 1470, the lady Anne Nevill,

second dau. and co-heiress of Richard,
Nevill, E. of Warwick. This prince
was, with his mother, taken prisoner
at the battle of Tewkesbury, in
1471, and was murdered a few days
afterwards by the dukes of Glouces-
ter and Clarence, and lord HastinKS.
His widow, Anne, subsequently
married (iloucester, one of his
murderers, who became king as
Richard III.

Born op the House op Toek.

Issue of Edward IV.

1. Edward, pr. of Wales, aft. Edward V.,

and

2. Richard, D. of York. These two

princes were murdered in the
Tower, at the instance of their
uncle Richard, D. of Gloucester, in
1483.
The latter prince, Richard, was
married in his infancy to Anne,
heiress of the house of Mowbray,
only child of John ^lowbray, D. olE
Norfolk and earl marshal of Eng-
land, she being also an infant.

3. George, who d. young.

4. Elizabeth, m. to Henry VII.

5. Cicely, in., 1st, to John, lord Wells ;

and, 2nd, to Sir J. Kyme.

6. Anne, in. to Thomas Howard, D. of

Norfolk.

7. Bridget, who became a nun.

8. Mary, who d. unm.

9. Margaret, and

10. Katharine, m. to William Courtenay,
E. of Devonshire.

Issue of Richard III.
Edward, E. of Salisbury, cr. pr. of
Wales; upon whom the crown was
entailed by parliament ; but he died
ritd /I'ltn's.

Born of the House of Tudor.

Issue of Henry VII.

1. Arthur, pr. of Wales, b. Sept. 20.

1486 ; in. Nov. 1.501, the infanta
Catharine, daughter of Ferdinand of
Arragon, but died in a few months
afterwards. His widow became the
first wife of his brother Henry
VIII., to whom she was married
June 3, 1.509.

2. Henry, aft. Henry VIII.

3. Edmund, who died young.

4. Margaret, m. 1st, to James IV. of

Scotland, by whom she had an
only son, James V. of Scot-
land, father of Mary, Q. of
Scots, whose son, James VI., as-
cended the English throne as James
I. Margai-et m. 2nd, Arthur
Douglas, E. of Angus, from whom
she was divorced ; and 3rd, Henry
Stuart, E. of ISIcthven. By her
second husband she had an only
daughter, Margaret, who espoused
Matth(!W Stuart, E. of Lenox, and
was mother of Henry, E. of Darnloy,
the husband of Mary, Q. of Scots,
and father of Jiiuies I. of England.

5. Elizabeth, d. in infancy.

6. Mary, /«. 1st, to Louis XII. K. of

France ; and. 2nd, to Charles Bran-
don, D. of Suffolk ; by whom she left
I. Henry, E. of Lincoln ; d. unm.
II. Frances, in. to Henry Grey,
marq. of Dorset, aft. D. of
Suffolk; and had three
daughters, of whom the
eldest was lady Jane Grey.
III. Eleanor, m. to Henry Clifford,
E. of Cumberland, and left a
daughter, Margaret, who in.
Henry Stanley, E. of Derby.

Issue of Henry VIII.

1. Henry, d. young.

2. Mary (by Katharine of Arragon), aft.

Q. Mary.

3. Elizaiieth (by his second queen,

Anne Boleyn), aft. Q. Elizabeth.

4. Edward (by his third queen, lady

Jane Seymour), aft. Edward VI.
The king had by his lirst <inoon,
besides Henry and Mary, other
children not named, who died in
infancy.

Born of the House of Stuart.
Issue of Jambs I. | May IGIO, pr. of Wales ; d. at the

1. Henry Frederick, cr. after his father's
accession, D. of Cornwall, and in

age of eighteen. Nov. G, 1G12.
2. Robert, d. young.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

3. Charles, aft. Charles I.

4. Elizabeth, m. to Frederick, count

palatine of the Rhine, who, in 1620,
•was elected K. of Bohemia, but aft.
di-iven from his dominions. She
had issue :

I. Frederick Hemy ; drowned in

1529, in his fifteenth year.
II. Charles Lewis 11., who, by the
treaty of Munster, was
created the eighth elector of
the empire.
in. Rupert, so renowned in the
civil war of England as
"Prince Rupert," cr. D. of
Cumberland.
IV. Maurice, known in English
history as " Prince Mau-
rice," perished by shipwreck
in 1654.
V. Lewis, d. young.
YI. Edward, coimt palatine of the

Rhine.
VII. Philip, slam at the battle near

St. Stephen's in 1640.
Vm. Gustavus; d. in 1641, in his
minority.
IX. Elizabeth, who became abbess
of Hervorden, in Westphalia,
and (/. in 1680.
X. Louisa HoUandia, became
abbess of Maubisson, near
Paris.
XL Henrietta, m. Sigismund, pr.
of Transylvania, and d. a few
months after.
XII. Charlotte, d. m infancy.
Xin. Sophia, on whose descendants
the crown of England de-
volved bv the act of Settle-
ment, h. Oct. 13, 1630 ; m.
1658, Ernest Augustus, D. of
Brunswick - Luneburg, aft.
elector of Hanover, by whom
she had issue, Geokge
Lewis, who ascended the
English throne as George I.
6. Margaret, d. young, 1598.

6. Mary, d. in her third year, 1607.

7. Sophia, d. two days after her birth,

1606.

Issue of the Princess Sophia.
Grand-daughter of James I.

1. George Lewis, aft. George I.

2. Frederick Augustus, slain in battle

against the Turks, 1690.

3. Maximilian William, d. Dec. 1666.

4. Charles Philip, slain m battle, 1690.

5. Christian, drowned in the Danube,

July 1703.
(5. Ernest Augustus, bishop of Osnaburg,
cr. in 1716, D. of York and Albany,
and E. of Ulster : d. Aug. 1728.

7. Sophia Charlotte, m. to Frederick
William, elector of Brandenburg,
K. of Prussia.

Issue of Charles I.

1. Charles, who died the day he was

born.

2. Charles, pr. of Wales, aft. Charles II.

3. Jabies, D. of York, aft. James II.

4. Henry, D. of Gloucester ; d. unmarried

in 1660.

5. Mary, m. to William U. of Nassau, pr.

of Orange, by whom she had an
only son, William, who ascended
the throne of England as WilUam
III.

6. Elizabeth, who died of grief, a prisoner

in Carisbrook Castle in Sept, 1650,
aged 15 years.

7. Anne, d. joung.

8. Henrietta Maria, m. to Philip, D. of

Anjou, aft. D. of Orleans, only
brother to Louis XIV.

Issue of Charles II.

This prince left no legitimate issue,
but had many natural children by
various mistresses ; among these
was James, D. of Monmouth, by
Lucy Walters.

Issue of Jajvies II.

1. Charles, (/. young.

2. Mart, vi. to William Hem-y of Nassau,

pr. of Orange ; she and her husband
aft. ascended the English throne as
Mary IL and William III.

3. James, D. of Cambridge, b. July 1663 ;

d. 1667.

4. Anne, aft. Q, Anne.

5. Charles, D. of Kendal ; d. in infancy.

6. Edgar, D. of Cambridge, b. Sept. 14,

1667 ; d. 1671.

7. Henrietta, d. in infancj'.

8. Catherine, d. in infancy.

These four sons and four daughters
were by ladj- Anne Hyde, and none
of them, except Mary and Anne,
afterwards queens regnant, survived
four years of age. By his second
wife, the princess of Modena, James
had:

9. Cathei-ine Laura, d. in infancy.

10. Charles, D. of Cambridge ; d. in in-

fancy.

11. Isabella, d. in her 4th year.

12. Charlotte Maria, d. in infancy.

13. James Francis Edward, known after

his father's death as the Pretender.
and supposed by many at the time
to ha^e been of fictitious birth, b.
Jtme 18, 1668; m. in 1719, Mary
Clementina, dau. of pr. James
Sobieski, and grand-dau. of John,

14

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

K. of Poland, by whom he had
issue :
I. Charles Edward, known as the
Chevalier St. George, or YoirsG
Pretender, b. in 1720 ; m. the
princess Stohlber^, known as coun-
tess of Albany ; (/. in 1788.
II. Henry Benedict, known as Cab-
uiN'AL York, d. in 1807, when
the whole issue of James II. be-
came extinct.
14. Louisa Maria Theresa, h. in 1692 ; d.
1712.
James had also several natural children,
amongst whom was James Fitx-
James, D. of Berwick, by lady Ara-

bella Churchill ; he followed his
father, after his abdication, into
France; became general of the
French and Spanish armies, and
was killed at the siege of Philips-
burgh in 1734.

I88DE OF QOEEK AnUE.

1. A daughter, still-bom.

2. Mary, b. June 9, 1685 ; d. Feb. 8, 1686.

3. Anne Sophia, b. May 12, 1686; d.

Feb. 2, 1687.

4. William, D. of Gloucester, b. July 24,

1689 ; d. July 30, 1700.
6. Mary, b. and d. in Nov. 1690.
6. George, b. and d. Apr. 17, 1692.

Born op the House op Hanover.

Issue of George i.

1. George Augustus, aft. as George II.

2. Sophia Dorothea, b. March 16, 1685 ;

/«. to Frederick William, of Prussia,
Nov. 28, 1706 ; d. July 5, 1757.
Both the above were bom long be-
fore the king ascended the throne ;
his queen was kept confined on the
continent during his reign, and never
came to England.

Issue of George II.

1. Frederick Lewis, pr. of Wales, b. Jan.

20, 1707 ; m. Augusta, dau. of
Frederick 11. , D. of Saxe-Gotha ; d.
in the life-time of his father. For
his issue, see separate notice be/ow.

2. Anne, princess-royal, b. Oct. 22, 1709 ;

m. to William Charles Henry, pr. of
Orange.

3. Amelia Sophia Eleanora, b. May 30,

1711 ;r/. unm., Oct. 31,1786.

4. Elizabeth Caroline, /;. May, 1713; d.

unm. Dec. 28, 1757.
6. George William, d. in infancy.

6. William Augustus, D. of Cumber-

land, b. April 15, 1721 ; d. Oct. 31,
1765.

7. Mary, b. Feb. 22, 1723; m. to pr.

Frederick of Hesse-Cassel ; d. Jan.
14, 1771.

8. Louisa, b. Dec. 7, 1724 ; w*. to Frede-

rick V. of Denmark ;</. Doc. 8, 1761.

Issue of Frederick Lewis.
Prinv.e of Wales.

1. Augusta, b. July 31, 1737; in. to

Charles William F\'rdinand, here-
ditary pr. of Brunswick-Wolfenbut-
tel. See that family.

2. George William Frederick, uft.

George III.

3. Edward Augustus, D. of York, b.

March 14, 1739; d. Sept. 17, 1767.

4. Elizabeth Caroline, b. Dec. 30, 1740,

d. Sept. 4. 1759.

5. William Henry, D. of Gloucester, 6.

Nov. 25, 1743 ; m. Maria, countess
dowager of Waldegrave, dau. of the
hon sir Edward Walpole ; d. Aug.
25, 1805 ; he had issue :

I. Sophia Matilda, b. May 29,

1773 ; d. Nov. 29, 1844.
II. Caroline Augusta Maria, 6.

June 24, 1774 ; </. in infancy,
in. WilUam Frederick, b. Jan. 15,

1776 ; m. the princess Mary,

dau. of George III. ; d. Nov.

30, 1834.

6. Henry Frederick, D. of Cumberland,

b. Nov. 7, 1745 ; m. Anne, dau. of
E. Carhampton and widow of Chris-
topher Horton, esq., of Catton Hall,
Derbyshire ; d. Sept. 18, 1790.

7. Louisa Anne, b. March 8, 1749 ; d.

May 13. 1768.
8 Frederick William, b. May 30. 1750 ;

d. Dec. 1765.
9. Caroline Matilda, //. (after her father's

death) July 11, 1751: w. Christian

VII., K. of Denmark : she d.

imprisoned in the castle of Zell, May

10, 1775.

Issue of (iEoKOE III.

1. George Augustus Frederick, pr- of

Wales, and, in 1811, prince regent;
aft. George IV.

2. Frederick, D. of York and Albany,

b. Aug. 16, 1743; in. Frcdorica
Charlotte Ulrique. dau. of William

11. K. of Prussia; d. Jan. 5, 1827.

3. William llonrv, D. of Clarence ; aft.

William IV.'

4. Charlotte Augusta Matilda, princess

royal, b. Sept. 29. 1766; w..
Frederick Charles William, herod.
pr. of Wurtomburg; d. Oct. 6, 1825.

5. Edward, I), of Kent and Strathern, b.

Nov. 2, 1767; m. May 29, 1818,
Victoria Mary Louisa, dau. of Fran-
cis Frederick Authonv. D. <>f Saxe-

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Coburg - Saalfeld, and widow of
Emich Charles, pr. of Leiningen ;
the Duke d. Jan. 23, 1820, leaving
jxn only daughter,

Alexandrina Victoria, the pre-
sent Queen. The Duchess of Kent d.
Mar. 16, 1861.
«. Augusta Sophia, h. Nov. 8, 1768 ; d.
Sept. 22, 1840.

7. Elizabeth, h. May 22, 1770; m. to

Frederick Joseph Louis, landgrave
of Hesse-Homburg ; d. Jan. 10,
1840.

8. Ernest Augustus, D. of Cumberland

and Teviotdale, b. June 5, 1771.
See Hanover.

9. Augustus Frederick, D. of Sussex, b.

Jan. 27, 1773 ; m. April 3, 1793, lady
Augusta Mui-ray, dau. of John, E.
of Dunmore ; this marriage was
dissolved (being contrary to the
statute 12 George III. c. 11.) in Aug.
1794 ; d. April 21, 1843.

10. Adolphus Frederick. D. of Cambridge,

b. Feb. 24, 1774 ; vi., May 7, 1818,

Augusta Wilhelmina Louisa, dau.

of Frederick, landgrave of Hesse-

Cassel, d. July, 1850, leaving issue :

I. George Frederick William

Charles, b. March 26, 1819,

the present Duke.

II. Augusta Caroline Charlotte

Elizabeth, b. July 19, 1822 ;

m. June 28, 1843, Frederick

"William Gustavus, hereditary

Grand D. of Mecklenburg-

Strelitz ; and has issue.

III. Mary Adelaide Wilhelmina

Elizabeth, 6. Nov. 27, 1833;

m. June 12, 1866, Francis

Louis Paul Alexander, D. of

Teck ; and has issue.

11. Mary, b. April 25, 1776 ; in. July 22,

1816, her cousin, William Frederick,
D. of Gloucester. {See D. of
Gloucester.)

12. Sophia, b. Nov. 3, 1777 ; d. May 27,

1848.

13. Octavius, b. Feb. 23, 1779 ; d. May 3,

1783.

14. Alfred, b. Sept. 22, 1780 ; rf. Aug. 26,

1782.

15. Amelia, b. Aug 7, 1783; d. Nov. 2.

1810.

Issue of Geokge IV.
Charlotte Caroline Augusta, b. Jan.
7, 1796 , 111. to pr. Leopold George
Frederick of Saxe-Cobui-g-Saalfeld,
aft. K. of the Belgians, May 2.
1816 ; d in childbed, Nov. 6, 1817.
Issue, a son, still-born, the day before.
Issue of William IV.
1. Charlotte Augusta Louisa, b. March
27, 1819; d. next daj'.

2 Elizabeth Georgina Adelaide, b. Dec.
10, 1820 ; d Mar. 4, 1821.

Issue of Queen Victoria.

1. Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa, Prin-

cess Royal, b. Nov. 21, 1840; m.
Jan. 25, 1858, Fredk. Wni^ crown(je^^'i^'jh.ju
pr. of Germany, i-JtSa^'Mi had ''^MeC.n-
issue: J^iUJ'

I. Frederick William Victor Al-feu.,^f^,^

bert, b. Jan. 27, 1859 ; wTTebT ^s^^,

27, 1881, Augusta Victoria

princess of Schleswig-Hol-

stein, and has issue.
n. Victoria Elizabeth Augusta

Charlotte, b. July 24, 1860;

m. Feb. 18, 1878, Bernard,

hered. pr. of Saxe Meiningen,

and has issue.
III. Albert William Henry, b. Aug.

14, 1862.1k. j^,>v,<^/r/V/'u:««?7ex« .f^k^M.
rV. Sigismund, b. Sep. 15, 1864 ;

d. June 18, 1866. 6w i»>><

V. Frederica Wilhelmina Amelia<"i3c/^'i n,h

Victoria, b. Apr. 12, ISee.-^./nA^/jy^f,
VL Waldimar, 6. Feb. 10, 1868, d.

Mar. 27, 1879.
VII. Sophia Dorothea Ulrica Alice,

b. June 14, 1870.'?„.a;^i^-//mJl.^<^r^<iA.
VIII. Margaret Beatrice Feodora, b.

Apr. 22,\%V2.u.ii)^ir^zP^-^^-'li*'

2. Albert Edward, pr. of Wales, &c., 6. '^'»^

Nov. 9, 1841 ; m. Mar. 10, 1863,
Alexandra Caroline Maria Charlotte
Louisa Julia, dau. of Christian IX.
K. of Denmai'k, and has had issue :
I. Albert Victor Christian Ed-
ward, h. Jan. 8. \%<o^i.bu.k^.i■-U}.v^c<.\xJl^|,
II. George Frederick Ernest Al-
bert, b. June 3, 1865.iUc^r^i-t,^A4/t»y<
III. Louisa Victoria Alexandra '^'«i ( '
Dagmar, b. Feb. 20, 1867.'"":,S'''''''^^'">'
rV. Victoria Alexandra Olga Mary,
h. July 6, 1868.
V. Maud Charlotte Mary Victoria,

b. Nov. 26, 1869.
VI. Alexandi^^ b. Apr. 6, 1871 ; d.
Apr. 7, 1871.

3. Alice Maud Mary, b. Apr. 25, 1843 ; m.

July 1, 1862, Fredk. Wm. Louis,, , , ,
Gr. D. of Hesse, d. Dec. 14, 1878,'^'^-'"^*' '
having had issue:
I. Victoria Alberta Elizabeth Ma-
tilda Mary, b. Apr. 5, 1863 ;
in. Apr. 30, 1884, pr. Louis
of Battenb€rg.

II. Elizabeth, h. Nov. 1, 1864 ; m.

June 15, 1884, Gr. D. Sergius
of Russia.

III. Irene Marie Louise Anna, b. ,

July 11, 1866.r;„;ia-,/.T/ Pi^^-iW^'y

IV. Ernest Louis Charles Albert

William, h. Nov. 25, 1868., ^-^^f^P'-^'-'

V. Frederick William, b. Oct. H<^fi~^-j

1870 ; d. June 29, 1873. A^ *.. !^^

16

THE BOOK OP DIGNITIES.

III.

IV.

VI. Victoria Alix Helene Louise

Beatrix, l>. June 7, 1872.
VII. Mary Victoria, h. May 24,
1874; (L Apr. 20,1884.
Alfred Ernest Albert. D. of Edinburgh,
&c., 6. Aug. <;, 1844; W.Jan. 23,
1874, Gr. D. Mario Alexandrovina,
only dau. of Alexander II. Emp. of
Russia, and has had issue :

I. Alfred Alexander William Er-
nest Albert, h. Oct 15, 1874.
/u^c^ II. Marie Alexandra Victoria, b.
Oct. 30, 1875.
Victoria Melita, b. Nov. 25,

1876.
Alexandra Louise Olga Vic-
toria, b. Sep. 1, 1878.
V. Beatrice Leopoldine Victoria,
b. Apr, 20, 1884.
Helena Augusta Victoria, b. May 25,
1846 ; III. July 5, 1866, pr. Fredk.
Christian Chas. Aug. of Schleswig-
Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg,
and has had issue :

I. Christian Victor Albert Lud-
■wig Ernest Anton, b. Apr.
14. 1867.
II. Albert John Charles Frede-
rick Alfred George, b. Feb.
26, 1869.
Victoria Louise Sophia Augus-
ta Amelia Helena, b. May
3, 1870.
Francisca Josepha Louise Au-
gusta Marie Christiana He-
lena, b. Aug. 14, 1872.

III.

IV.

V. Harold, b. Mar. 12, 1876; d.
May 20, 1876.

6. Louisa Caroline Alberta, b. Mar. 18,

1848; m. Mar. 21, 1871, Jno. Doug-
las Sutherland Campbell, M. of
Lome, eldest son of D. of Argyll.

7. Arthur William Patrick Albert, D. of

Connaught, &c., b. May 1, iS.'iO; m.
May 13, 1879, pr, Louise Margaret,
3rd dau. of pr. Fredk. Chas. of
Prussia, and has had issue:

I. Margaret Victoria Augusta Char-

lotte Nora, b. Jan. 15, 1882.
II. Arthur Frederick Patrick Al-
bert, b. Jan. 13, 1883.
in. Victoria Patricia Helena Eliza-
beth, b. Mar. 17, 1886.

8. Leopold George Duncan Albert, D. of

Albany, &c., b. Apr. 7, 1853; ;«,
Apr. 27, 1882, pr. Helena Frederica
Augusta, dau. of pr. of Waldeck-
Pyrmont ; d. Mar. 28, 1884, having
had issue :

I. Alice Mary Victoria Augusta
Paulina, b. Feb. 25, 1883.

II. Leopold Charles Edward

George Albert, b. July 19,
1884.

9. Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore, b.

Apr. 14, 1857; m. July 23, 1885, pr.
Hy. Maurice of Battenburg, and
has had issue :

I. Alexander Albert, b. Nov. 23,
1886.
II. Victoria Euge'nie Julia Eva, />.
Oct. 24, 1887.

WALES.

Kings and Princes of Wales.

Kings of Wales.
640. Dyvnwal Moelmud K. of the

Cymry.
688. Idwallo.
720. Rhodri, or Roderic.
755. Conan, or Cynan.
818. Mervyn, or Merfyn.
843. Roderic, surn. the Great. This

prince divided Wales between his

three sons, allotting to each his part.

To the eldest ho gave North Wales;

to the second, South Wales ; and to

the third, Powys-land.

PUINCES OF NOKTIl WaLKS.

Counties of Merioneth, jxirt ot' Ueiibif^h, ^ 1073
lalc of Atii/lc

948.
972.
984.
985.

992.
998.
1015.

1021.
1038.

1061.
1073.
1079.

Flint, C'dniarruii, and the

sea. At Abnjraw, in thin last, was the

prince's scat. \ 1187.

877. Anarawd. I 1169.

913. Edwal Vocl. 1194.

Howel Dha, or Hywel Dha, surn.

the Good, pr. of all Wales.
Jevaf or .levav, and lago.
Howel ap .Jevaf, or Hywel ab Jevav.
Cadwallon ab Jevaf.
Meredith ap Owen ap Howel Dha,

or Morodydd ap Owain ab Hywel

Dha.
Edwal ab Meyric ab Edwal Voel.
Aedan, an usurper.
Llewelyn ab Sitsyllt, and Angharad

his wife,
lago ab PMwal nb Meyrio.
Griffith, or Grufydd ab Llewelyn ab

Sitsyllt.
Bloddyn and Rj'gwalloii.
Trahaern ab Caradoc.
Griftith ap Conan, or (Jrufydd ab

Cynan.
Owain Gwynedd.
David ab Owain Gwynedd
Leolinus Magnus.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

17

1240. David ab Llewelyn.

1246. Llewelyn ap Griffith, or Grufydd,

last pr. of the blood ; slain after

battle, 1282.

Pkixces of South Wales.
Counties of Glamorgan, Pembroke, Car-
marthen, CanUijan, and part of Breck-
nock. Dyneror Castle was the prince's
seat.
877. Cadeth, or Cadell
007. Howel Dha, or Hywel Dha. the

Good, pr. of all Wales.
948. Owen ap Howel Dha, or Owain ap

Hywel Dha, son.
987. Meredith ap Owen, or Meredydd ab

Owain, all Wales.
993. Llewelyn ap Sitsyllt, and Angharad
his wife.
1021. Rytherch, or Rhj'dderch ab JestjTi,

an usurper.
1031. Hywell and Meredydd.
1042. Rhydderch and Rhys, sons of the

usurper.
1061. Meredydd ab Owain ab EdwjTi.
1073. Rhys ab Owen, or Owain, and

Rhydderch ab Caradoc.
1077. Rhys ab Tewdwr Mawr.
1092. Cadwgan ab Bleddyn.
1115. Griffith, or Grufydd ab Rhys.

+ The last Prince who held this dominion entu'e. He divided it between his two sons, Madoc
and Grufydd.

South Wales was conquered by Heury II. about 1157. The rest of
the country was finally subdued by Edward I. about 1282-3. The
annexation of the country to England is recorded by the Statute of
Wales, 12 Edward I., passed March 19, 1284. The country was "in-
corporated, united, and annexed to and with " England in 1535 by 27
Hen. VIII. cap. 26.

Princes op Wales of the Blood Royal of England.

(See ante, p. S.)

1137. Rhys ab Grufydd, or Griffith, called

the lord Rhys.
1196. Grufydd ab Rhys.
1202. Rhys ab Grufydd.
1222. Owain ab Grufydd.
1235. Meredith, or Meredydd ab Owain ;

(I. 1267.

Princes and Lokds of Pom-ys-Land.
Counties of Montr/omei-i/ and Radnor, and
parts of Denhujh, Brecknock, Merioneth,
and Shropshire. The princess seat
icas at Matraral, in the first-named
counti/.
877. Merfyn, or Mervyn.
900. Cadeth, or Cadeli, also pr. of South

Wales.
927. Howel Dha, or Hywel Dha, the Good,
pr. of all Wales.
******

985. Meredydd ab Owain.

1061. Bleddyn ab Cynvyn.

1073. Meredydd ab Bleddyn.f

1087. Cadwgan ab Bleddyn.

1132. Madoc ab Meredydd.

1160. Griffith, or Grufydd ab Meredydd.

1256. Gwenwinwin, or Gwenwynwyn.
1256. Owain ab Grufydd.

SCOTLAND.

Kings of Scotland.

Before Christ.
The early accounts of these kings are, by
many historians, deemed, in a measure,
fabulous. The antiquity of the kings
is carried as far back as Alexander the
Great.

330. Fergus I. ; lost in the Irish Sea.

305. Fritharis, brother ; poisoned.

290. Mainus, nephew.

261. Dornadilla, son.

233. Northatus, brother ; slain.

213. Reutherus, son of Dornadilla.

187. Reutha, brother ; res. in favour of

his nephew.
170. Thereus, son of Reutherus, dep.

and exiled.
158. Josina, brother.
134. Finanus, son.

104. Durstus, son; slain in civil war.
95. Evenus.

76. Gillus, his illegitimate son, who.

usurping the royal power, caused

the murder of the rightful heirs ;

dep. by his nobles, and beheaded.

2

18

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

75. Evenus II., nephew of Finanus;

chosen in his room.
59. Ederus, grandson of Durstus.
12. Evenus III., son ; dep. and strangled
in prison. i

4. Metellanus, nephew of Ederus.

After Christ.

35. Caratacus or Caractacus, nephew.
55. Corbred, brother.
72. Dardanus, son ; his subjects slew him.
7G. Corbred II., surn. Galdus. Some
suppose this king to be the (ial-
gacus whom Tacitus mentions as
having fought valiantly against
Julius Agricola.
110. Luctacus or Lugthacus, son ; mur-
dered by his nobles.
113. Mogaldus, grandson of Corbred II.;

murdered.
149. Conarus, son; conspired in his
father's murder, dep. and d. in
prison.
1G3. Ethodius I. ; slain by an Irish harper
in revenge for the murder of a
kinsman.
195. Satreal or Satrahel, brother;

strangled by his courtiers.
199. Donald I. , brother.
216. Ethodius II., son of Ethodius I.;
slain by his guards in a domestic
tumult. '

231. Athirco, son ; slew himself to avoid

a severer death.
242. Nathalocus, wlio usurped the throne |
on the king's death ; killed by his I
domestics. 1

253. Findochus, son of Athirco ; mur- 1
dered in a conspiracy, in which his
brother, Carantius, was a princi-
pal. !

204. Donald II., a third son of Athirco;
slain in a battle ^^-ith Donald of
the Isles, who succeeded.
2G5. Donald III., lord of the Isles,
usurped the throne ; slain by his
successor.
277. Carthilinthus or Crathilinthus, son

of Findochus.
301. FincoiTnachus, son of Donald II.
348. Komachus, nephew ; slain by his

nobles.
351. Angusianus orTEneanus, cousin; fell
in battle with the Pictish king,
who was also slain.
354. Fethelmachus, also cousin of Roma-
chus, defeated the Picts and
mortally wounded their now king
in battle ; murdered by a Pictisli
minstrel who feigned himself a
Scot, hired by Hergustus, the
succeeding king of the Picts.
357. Eugenius I., son of Finconnachus ;
slain in battle by ^laximus, the

404.

420.
451.

457.

479.
501.
535.
558.
509.

570.
605.

006,
621,
632,

664.

684,
688,
698,

699,
715
730
761

767,

787.
Mli),
824

Roman general, and the confede-
rate Picts.

With this battle ended the kingdom
of the Scots, after having existed
from the coronation of Fergus I. ,
a period of 706 years ; the royal
family tied to Denmark.

Interregnum of 27 years.

Fergus II., great-grandson of
Eugenius and 40th king ; slain in
battle with the Romans. ••Some
call this Fergus the^/ir.st king, and
suppose either that the previous
kings are fabulous, or that they
were only chiefs or generals of
armies, having no royal authority.
The controversy thus arising, I
leave to be decided by the anti-
quaries, and must follow the re-
ceived histories of Scotland." —
Ande?son.

Eugenius II. or Evenus, son.

Dongardus or Domangard, brother ;
defeated and drowned.

Constantine I., brother; assass. by
Dugall, a noble, whose daughter
he had dishonoured.

Congallus I., nephew.

Goranus, brother ; murdered.

Eugenius III., nephew.

Congallus II., brother.

Kinnatellus, brother ; res. in favour
of Aidanus.

Aidanus or Aldan, son of Goranus.

Kenneth or Kennett I., son of Con-
gallus II.

Eugenius IV., son of Adianus.

Ferchard or Ferquhard, son.

Donald IV., brother ; drowned in
Loch Tay.

Ferchard II., son of Ferchard I. ; d.
from the bite of a mad wolf.

Malduinus, son of Donald IV.; stran-
gled by his wife for his supposed
infidelity, for which crime sh« was
immediately afterwards burnt.

Eugenius V., brother.

Eugenius VI., son of Ferchard II.

Aniberkeletus, nejihew ; fell by an
arrow from an unknown hand.

Eugenius VII., brother.

Mordachus, son of Aniberkeletus.

Etlinus, son of Eugenius VII.

Eugenius VIII., son of Mordachus;
killed by his nobles.

Fergus III., son of Ettinus ; killed by
bis (|ueen in a fit of jealousy; she
innnediately afterwards stabbed
herself to escape a death of
torture.
Solvathius, son of Eugenius VIII.

AchaiuH.

Congallus III.

Dongal or Dougal. son of Solvathius;
drowned in the Sjjey.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

19

■881. Alpine, son of Achaius ; taken priso-
ner and beheaded, with many of
his nobles, by the Picts.

834. Kenneth II., son, sum. MacAlpine;
defeated the Picts, and slew their
king and his nobility. United the
Picts and Scots under one scei^tre,
and became the first sole monarch
of all Scotland, 843.

854. Donald V., brother; deth., and d.
in prison by his own hand.

858. Constantine II. , son of Kenneth ;
taken in battle by the Danes, and
beheaded.

•874. Eth or Ethus, surn. Lightfoot ; d.
of grief in prison.

■876. Gregory, called the Great.

893. Donald VI., 2nd son of Constantine.

904. Constantine III., son of Ethus; res.
after a long reign, and retired to
a monastery.

i)44. Malcolm I. , son of Donald VI. ;
murdered in Moray.

953. Indulfus or Gondulph ; killed by the
Danes in an ambuscade.

961. Duff or Duffus, son of Malcolm ;
murdered by Donald, governor of
Forres Castle.

965. Cullen or Culenus, son of Indulfus ;
avenged the murder of his prede-
cessor ; assass. at Methven by a
Thane, whose daughter he had
dishonoured.

970. Kenneth III., brother of Duffus;
murdered by Fenella, the lady of
Fettercairn.

'994. Constantine IV., son of Culenus,
usurped the throne ; slain.

995. Grimus or the Grim, son of Duffus ;

routed and slain in battle by

Malcolm, the rightful heir to the

crown, who succeeded.

1003. Malcolm 11., son of Kenneth III.;

assass. on his way to Glamis.
1033. Duncan I., grandson; assass. by his
cousin Macbeth, who asc. the
throne.
1039. Macbeth, usurper ; slain by Macduff',
the Thane of Fife, and the right-
ful heir succeeds.

Historians so dift"er up to this reign, in
the number of the kings, the dates of suc-
cession, and the circumstances narrated,
that no account can be taken as pre-
cisely accurate.

1093.

1094.

Malcolm III., (Cean-Mohr or Can-
more), son of Duncan ; killed
while besieging Alnwick Castle.

Donald VII., or Donald Bane, bro-
ther, iisurped the throne ; tied to
the Hebrides.

Duncan II., natural son of Malcolm,
also an usurper ; murdered.

1094. Donald Bane, again ; dep.

1098. Edgar, son of Malcolm, and rightful
heir. Henry I. of England mar-
ried his sister Maud.

1107. Alexander, brother, surn. the Fierce

1124. David, brother, m. Matilda, dau. of
Waltheof, E. of Northimiber-
land.

1153. Malcolm IV., grandson.

1165. William, brother, sum. the Lion.

1214. Alexander H. , son, m. Joan, dau. of
John, K. of England.

1249. Alexander III., vi. Mai'garet, dau
of Henry III., of England; dis-
located his neck, when hunting,
near Kinghorn.

1285. Margaret, called the " Maiden of
Norway," grand-dau., " recog-
nized by the States of Scotland
though a female, an infant, and a
foreigner " ; d. on her passage to
Scotland.
On the death of Margaret, a compe-
tition arose for the vacant throne,
which Edward I. of England de-
cided in favour of

1292. John Baliol, who aft. surrendered
his crown, and d. in exile.

Interregnum.

1306. Robert (Bruce) I., "the Bruce of
Bannockburn."

1329. David (Bruce) II., son; Edward
Baliol disputed the throne with
him.

1332. Edward Baliol, son of John, res.

1342. David II., again, 11 years a priso-
ner in England.

1371. Robert (Stuart) II., nephew, d.
Apr. 19, 1371.

1390. Robert III., son, d. Apr. 4, 1406;
his proper name was John,
changed on his accession.

1406. James I., 2nd son, imprisoned 18
years in England, set at liberty
in 1423 ; conspired against and
murdered in his bed-chamber,
Feb. 21, 1437-8.

1438. James II., son, succ. at seven years
of age ; killed at the siege of
Roxburgh Castle by a cannon
bursting, Aug. 3, 1460.

1460. James III., son, killed in a revolt
of his subjects at Bannockburn,
June 11, 1488.

1488. James IV., nt. Margaret Tudor, dau.
of Henry VII. of England ; killed
at the battle of Flodden, Sept. 9,
1513.

1513. James V., son, succ. when little
more than a year old ; d. Dec. 14,
1542.

1542. Mary, dau., better known as Mary
2 *

20

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Q. of Scots, b. Dec. 7, 1542; ///.
1st, Francis, dauphin of Franco,
aft. Francis II., Apr. '1\. laaH ;
2nd, Hcinv Stuart, Lord Darnloy.
July 29. I'oG.J ; 3rd, James. E. of
Bothwcll, May 15, lufiT; res.
July 22, 1567, in favour of
her son, James VI. ; beheaded

at Fothcringav Castle, Feb. 8,
1587.
15()7. James VI., son, h. June 19, 1566;
VI. Anne of Denmark, dau. of
Frederick II. ; d. Mar. 27, 1625.
In 1603, on the death of Q. Eliza-
beth, he succ. to the throne of
England.

For subsequent Sovereigns of Scotland see Sovereigns of England ^
ante p. 5. The two Kingdoms, though governed by the same Monarch,
remained separate Kingdoms until the Act of Union 6 Anne cap. 11.
They were, on and after May 1, 1707, united and styled " Great
Britain."

IRELAND.

Kings of Ireland.

Arrordinr; to
Bmork Christ. I

So much fable is mixed up with the early
history of this country, and the dates
and the orthof^raphj' of the names so vary |
in every account, it is impossible to do
more than compile from accepted autho-
rities.

From thk Milesian C«)X(jukst.
1300. Heber and Horemon.
1291. Hercmon, alone.
1285. Muirmhne. Luif(hne, and Laighne.

sons, succ. their father, Heremon,

reigning jointly ; the first died,

and the other two were slain in

battle by the sons of Heber.
1282. Er, Orbha, Fearon, and Feargna,

sons of Heber ; all slain in battle

by their successor.
1281. Irial, or Irial-Faidh ; slew and succ.

the four sons of Heber.
1271. Eithrial ; slain in battle by his

successor.
1251. Conmaol, or Conveal, " first absolute

monarch of the Hibernian race " ;

slain in ))attle.
1221. Tigermas ; introduced idolatry into

Ireland.
1171. Eochaidh-Eadgothac.
1147. Cearmna and Sobhair, brothers ;

partitioned Ireland into south and

north.
1107. Fiachade-Labhruin ; slain by his

successor.
1083. Eochaidh-Muniho ; slain l)y his suc-
cessor.
1061. Aongus - Olmuchac ; slain by his

successor.
1043. Eadna-Airgtheach, and
1010. Rotheachta ; both slain by their

successors.

K rating.

991. Seadhua ; slain by his own son.
986. Fiachadh-Fionsgothach ; slain by

his successor.
966. Muinheamhoin. or Muinimone ; d. of

the plague.
9(J1. Aildergoith, son; slain by his suc-
cessor.
934. Odlamh-Fodhla.
924. Fionachta, son.
909. Slanoll, lirother ; d. at Tara.
894. Geido - Olgothach, also a son of
Odlamh - Fodhla ; slain bj' his
nephew and successor.
877. Fiachadh ; slain by his successor.
853. Bearngall ; slain by his successor.
841. Oilliol ; slain by his successor.
825. Siorna - Saoghalach ; slain by his

successor.
804. Rotheachta; burnt.

Six succeeding kings, among whom
was Xuadha-Fionn-Fail, died
violent deaths.
735. Fion-Fin, of the line of Er, or Ir.
715, Seadhna ; slain by his successor.
695. Sinioon Breac ; slain bj' his suc-
cessor.
689. Duach-Fionn or Fin ; slain by his

successor.
681. Muireadach, and two succeeding

kings, died violently.
659. Siorlamh ; slain by his successor.

Eleven princes succeeded, who all
died in civil wars or broils, or by
assassination.
540. Aodh-Ruadh ; drowned.
519. Diothorba ; d. of a malignant dis-

tc.IllHM-.

•I'.IH. Coinihaoth; d. of the plaguo.

478. Maoliadh - Mongruadh, Q., cousin,

surn. the Ued-hnired Princess^;

slain by her successor.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

21

471. Reachta-Righclhearg ; slain by his
successor.

451. Ugaine Mor, or the Great, " had 22
sons and 3 daughters, among
whom he partitioned his king-
dom"; slain by his brother and
successor.

421. Laoghaire-Lorck ; slain by his bro-
ther and successor.

419. Cabhthaick, slew his brother and
nephew ; himself slain by his
grand-nephew.
Ten kings succeeded, of whom three
only died natural deaths.

275. Feargus - Forthamhuil ; killed in
battle.

263. Aongus-Tuirunheach ; slain at Tara.
Of 15 succeeding princes, 11 died in
battle, or were murdered.
66. Conau-e Mor, or the Great ; depr. of
his crown and life by his suc-
cessor.
■36. Lughaidh-Riebdearg ; killed himself
by falling on his sword.
Two kings succeeded, of whom the
latter died a.d. 4.

After Christ.
4. Fearaidhach-Fionfachtna ; slain by
his successor.
■24. Fiachadh-Fion; slain by his successor.
27. Fiachadh-Fionohudh, the Prince with
the white cows ; -'murdered by
the Irish plebeians of Connaught."
■54. Cairbre-Cinncait ; murdered in a con-
spiracy.
■59. Elim ; slain in battle.
79. Tuathal-Teachtmar ; slain by his

successor.
109. Mai or Mail ; slain by his successor.
113. Feidhlimhidh ; d. a natural death.
122. Cathoire Mor, or the Great, "had

30 sons."
125. Conn Ceadchadhach, called the Hero

of the hundred battles ; slain.
145. Conaire ; killed.
152. Ai-t-Aonfhir, the Melancholy ; slain

in battle.
182. Lughaidh, sum. Mac Conn ; thrust
through the eye with a spear, in
a conspiracy.

212. Feargus, sum. Black-teeth ; mur-

dered at the instigation of his
successor.

213. Cormac-Ulfhada ; choked by the bone

of a fish at supper.

253. Eochaidh-Gunait ; killed.

254. Caii'bre-Liffeachair ; slain in battle.
282. Fiachadh, son; slain in battle by his

three nephews.
Slo. CairioU or Colla-Uais ; deth. and

retii-ed to Scotland.
319. Muirreadhach-Tireach ; slain by his

successor.
352. Caolbhach ; slain by his successor.

353. Eochaidh - Moidhmeodhain ; d. a
natural death.

360. Criomthan ; poisoned by his own
sister to obtain the crown for her
son.

375. Niall, surn. of the nine hostages;
killed in France, on the banks of
the Loire.

398. Dathy : killed by a thunderbolt at
the foot of the Alps.

421. Laoghaire ; killed by a thunder-
bolt.

453. Oilioll-Molt ; slain in battle.

473. Lughaidh ; killed also by a thunder-
bolt.

493. ]\Im-tough ; d. a natural death.

515. Tuateal-Maolgarbh ; assass.

528. Diarmuid ; fell bv the sword of Hugh
Dubh.

550. Feargus, in conjunction with his

brother Daniel ; the manner of
their deaths uncertain.

551. Eochaidh, jointly with his uncle

Baodan ; both slain.
554. Ainmei-each ; depr. of his crown
and life.

557. Baodan ; slain by the two Cuimins.

558. Aodh or Hugh ; killed in battle.
587. Hugh Slaine ; assass.

591. Aodh-Uaireodhnach ; killed in battle.
618. Maolcobha ; defeated and slain in

battle.
622. Suibhne-Meain ; killed.
635. Daniel ; died a natural death.
648. Conall Claon, jointly with his brother

Ceallach ; the first was murdered,

the other dro-wTied in a bog.
661. Diarmuid and Blathmac ; both died

of the plague.
668. Seachnasach ; assass.
674. Cionfaola, brother ; murdered.
678. Fionachta-Fleadha ; murdered.
685. Loingseach ; killed in battle.
693. Congal Cionmaghair ; d. suddenly.
702. Feargal ; routed and slain in battle.
718. Fogartach ; slain in battle.
720. Cionaoth ; defeated, and found dead

on the battle-field.
724. Flaithbheartagh ; became a monk.
731. Aodh or Hugh Alain ; killed in

battle.
740. Daniel ; d. on a pilgrimage at Joppa,

in Palestine.
782. Xiall-Freasach ; became a monk.
786. Donagh or Donchad; " (/. in his

bed."
815. Aodh or Hugh ; slain in battle.
837. Connor or Conchabhar ; _ " died of

grief."
851. Niall-Caillie ; drowned in the river

Cailhe.
866. Turgesius, the Norwegian chief,

possessed himself of the sovereign
] power; '• expelled the Irish his-

torians, and burnt their books ; '

22

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

made prisoner, and thrown into a

Friday, 1039 ; a3sass. in his tent

louKh, and drowned.

the same night.

879.

Maol Ceachlin, or Malachy I.

Brian Boiroimhe was 30 vears K. of

897.

Hugh Fionnliath.

Munster, and 12 K. of" Ireland.

913.

Flann Sionna.

1039.

Maol Ceachlin II. ; restored.

951.

Niall-Ghuiduhh : '• died on the field

1048.

Donough or Denis O'Brian, 3rd

of honour."

son.

954.

Donnaffh or Donough.

1098.

Tirloch or Turlough, nephew.

974.

Congall; slain by the Danes at

1110.

Muriertagh or Murtough; res., and

Armagh.

became a monk.

984.

Daniel ; became a monk.

1130.

Turlough (O'Connor) II.. the Great.

1004.

Maol Ceachlin H. ; res. on the elec-

1150.

Murtough Mac Neil Mac Lachlin;

tion of Brian Boiroimhe as king

slain in battle.

of Ireland.

1168.

Roderic or Roger O'Connor.

1027.

Brian Boromy, or Boiroimhe, de-

1172.

Henry II. K. of England: conq.

feated the Danes in the memor-

the country, and became lord of

able battle of Clontarf, on Good

Ireland.

The English monarchs were styled " Lords of Ireland," uutil the
reign of Henry VIII., who styled himself King ; and this title con-
tinued down to the Union.

For subsequent Sovereigns of Ireland see Sovereigns of England, ante
p. 4. By the Act of Union 39 & 40 Geo. HI. cap. 67, Ireland was,
on and after Jan.l, 1801, united to Great Britain (England and Scotland),
the three Kingdoms being thenceforth styled " the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland."

FRANCE.

The following are the principal dates relating to this country :-

Merovingians . .

Carlovingians . .

Hugh Capet, cr.
at Rheims . . .

Line of "Valois . .

Elder line of Bour-
bons

1st Republic . .

1st Empire . . .

... 418 Elder line of Bour-

... 752 bons

" The Hundred
July 3, 987 Days," Mar. 20 to June 29, 1815
April 1, 1328 Line of the Orleans

Bourbons . .

Aug. 2, 1589 2nd Republic .

Sc-pt. 21, 1792 2nd Empire .

May 18,1804 3rd Republic .

April, 1814

Aug. 9, 1830

Fpb. 24, 1848

Dec. 2, 1852

Sept. 4, 1870

Kings of France.

Mkrovinoian Rack. 534

Pharamond. i '"'48.

Clodion, or Clodius, the Hairy, suji- < •^^^•

posed son of Pharamond.
Merovaus or Merovee, son-in-law
of Clodion ; this race of kings
called from him Merovingians. -(.,

Childeric. ho!i. ' '

Clevis the Great, son, and the real

founder of tlio monarchy. He

left four sons, who divided the
empire between them : —
511. Childtbert, Paris.

— Clodomir, Orleans.

— Tliierry, Met/. ; and 57;

— Clotaire or Clotharius. Soissons. ' 584.

418
427

448.

458.
481,

TheodelxMt. Met/,.

Theodebald, succ. in Met/..

Clotaire, now sole ruler of France.
Upon his death the kingdom was
again divided between his four
sons, viz. : —

Charebert, ruled at Paris.

Gontran, in Orleans and Burgundy.

Sigebert, at Metz, and I both

Chili>eric at Soissons ) assass.

France coiitiinipd at times after-
wards to be ruled in various divi-
sions by sej>arate kings.

Childebert II.

Clotaire II., Soissons.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

23

596. Thieriy II., son of Childebert, in
Orleans.

— Theodebert II., Metz.

613. Clotaire II., became sole king.

628. Dagobert the Great, son; he di-
vided the kingdom, of which he
had become sole monarch, between
his two sons

638. Clovis II., who had Burgundy and
Neustra ; and

— Sigebert II., who had Austrasia.
656. Clotaire III., son of Clovis II.

670. Childeric II. ; he became king of
the whole realm of France ;
assass. with his queen, and his
son Dagobert.
At this time Thierrj' III. rules
in Burgundy and Neustra, and
Dagobert II., son of Sigebert, in
Austrasia. Dagobert is assass.,
and Thierrj' reigns alone.

691. Clovis III. Pejain, mayor of the
palace, rules the kingdom in the
name of this sovereign, who is
succ. by his brother.

695. Childebert III., surn. the Just; in
this reign Pepin also exercises
the royal power.

711. Dagobert III., son.

716. Chilperic II. (Daniel) ; he is go-
verned, and at length deposed,
by Charles Martel, mayor of the
palace.

719. Clotaire IV., of obscui-e origin;

raised by Charles Martel to the
throne ; dies soon after, and Chil-
peric is recalled from Aquitaiae,
whither he had fled for refuge.

720. Chilperic II., rest. ; he shortly after-

wards dies at Noyon, and is succ.

by

— Thierry IV., son of Dagobert III.,

surn. de Chelles ; d. 737. Charles
Martel now rules under the new
title of " D. of the French."

737. Interregnum, till the death of Charles
Martel, in 741 ; and until

742. Childeric III., son of Chilperic II.,
surn. the Stupid. Carloman and
Pepin, the sons of Charles Mar-
tel, share the government of the
kingdom in this reign.

The Carlovingians.
752. Pepin the Short, son of Charles

Martel ; he is succ. by his two

sons
768. Charlemagne and Carloman; the

former, surn. the Great, crowned

emp. of the West, by Leo III., in

800. Carloman reigned but three

years.
814. Louis I., le Dehmmaire, son, emp. ;

dethr., but restored to his do-

840. Charles, surn. the Bald, emp. in
875 ; poisoned by Zedechias, a
Jew physician.

877. Louis II., the Stammerer, son.

879. Louis III., son, and Carloman II. ;
the former d. 882 ; and Carloman
reigned alone.

884. Charles le Gros, an usurper, in pre-
judice to Charles the Simple.

887. Eudes or Hugh, count of Paris.

893. Charles III. the Simple ; dep. and d.
in prison 929 ; m. Edgina, dau. of
Edward the Elder, of England,
bj^ whom he had a son, who was
aft. king.

922. Robert, brother of Eudes, crowned

at Rheims ; but Charles marched
an army against him, and killed
him in battle.

923. Rodolf , D. of Burgundy, elect, king,

but never acknowledged by the
southern provinces.

936. Louis IV. d'Oi(fremer, or Trans-
marine (from having been con-
veyed by his mother into Eng-
land), son of Charles III. and
Edgina ; (/. by a fall from his
horse.

954. Lothaire, son ; he had reigned
jointly with his father from 952,
and succeeds him, at 15 j'cars of
age, under the protection of Hugh
the Gi'eat ; poisoned.

986. Louis V. the Indolent, son ; also

poisoned, it is supposed by his
queen, Blanche. In this prince
ended the race of Charlemagne.

The Capets.

987. Hugh Capet, eldest son of Hugh the

Abbot, and the Great, count of
Paris, &c. ; he seized the crown,
in prejudice to Charles of Lor-
raine, uncle of Louis Transmarine.
From him this race of kings is
called Capevingians, and Cape-
tians.
996. Robert II., surn. the Sage, son.

1031. Henry I., son.

1060. Philip I. the Fair, and VAmoureux ;
succ. at eight years of age, and
ruled at fourteen.

1108. Louis VI., son, surn. the Lusty,
or le Gros.

1137. Louis VII., son, surn. the Young,
to distinguish him from his
father, with whom he was for
some years associated on the
throne.

1180. Philip II. (Augustus), succ. to the
crown at fifteen ; crowned at
Rheims in his father's lifetime.

1223. Louis VIII., Coeur de Lion, son.

1226. Louis IX., son, called St. Louis;
ascended the throne at fifteen,

24

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

under the guardianship of his

mother, who was also regent ;

(I. in his camp before Tunis, and

was canonized.
1270. Philip III., the Hardy, son; d. at

Perpignan.
1285. Philip IV., the Fair, ascended the

throne in his 17th year.
1314. Louis X., son, sum. Hulin, an old

French word signifying head-
strong or mutinous.
1316. John, a posthnmous son, lived a

few days only.
— Philip v., the Long (on account

of his stature), brother of

Louis X.
1322. Charles IV., the Handsome; this

king, and Louis X., John, and

Philip V. , were kings of Navarre.

See Narane, jwst.

Hous?: OF Valois.

1328. Philip VI., de Valois, grandson of
Philip the Hardy.

1350. John II., the Good ; d. suddenly in
the Savoy in London.

1364. Charles V., surn. the Wise, the
first prince who had the title of
Dauphin.

1380. Charles VI., the Beloved.

1422. Charles VII., the Victorious.

1461. Louis XL, son.

1483. Charles VIII., the Affable.

1498. Louis XII., D. of Orleans.

1515. Francis I., of Angouleme.

1547. Henry II.. cl. at a tournament, when
celebrating the nuptials of his
sister with the D. of Savoy, from
a wound accidently given him by
the count de Montmorency.

1559. Francis II., /«. Mary Stuart, aft.

Q. of Scots.

1560. Charles IX. ; Catherine of Medicis,

his mother, obtained the regency.
1574. Henry III., elect. K. of Poland;
murdered Aug. 1, 1589, by Jacques
Clement, a Dominican friar. In
this prince was extinguished the
house of Valois.

HousK OP Bourbon.

1589. Henry IV., the (ireat, of Bourbon.
K. of Navarro ; murdered by
Francis Uavaillac.

11)10. Louis Xlll., the Just, son.

1643. Louis XIV., son.

1715. Louis XV., great-grandson, the Well-
beloved.

1774. Louis XVI.. grandson, m. the
archd. Maria Antoinette, of
Austria, May 1770. Deth. in the
great revolution; guillotined Jan.
21, 1793, and his queen, Oct. 16,
following.

1793. Louis XVII., son. Though num-
bered with the kings, this prince
never reigned ; he died in prison
supposed by poison, June 8, 1795,
aged ten years and two months.

Repitblic.

1792. Republic established by the National
Convention, Sept. 20-21.

1795. The Directory estabhshed Oct..
nominated Nov. 1.

1799. The Directory abolished Nov. 8, 9,
10, and a consulate of three es-
tablished. Napoleon Buonaparte
1st consul ; Cambaceres and
Le Brun appointed Dec. 24.

1802. Napoleon B. appointed 1st consul
for 10 years, May 6, and 1st con-
sul for life, Aug. 2.

French Empire.
1804. Napoleon B., 6. Aug. 15, 1769; decl.
emp. May 18, 1804. Divorced
his first wife, the empress Jose-
phine ; and in. Maria Louisa of
Austria, April 7, 1810 ; abd. and
retired to Elba, April 5, 1814.

Again appears in France, March 1,
1815 ; defeated at| Waterloo, and
finally abdicates in favour of his
infant son, June 22. Banished to
St. Helena, where d. May 5, 1821.

See Imperial Line, post, p. 25.

Bourbons Restored.
1814. Louis XVIIL, next brother of Louis

XVI., b. Nov. 17, 1755; ;;i.

Maria Josephine Louise, of Savoy.

Entered Paris and took possession

of the throne, Mav 3, 1814;

obliged to tlee, March 20, 1815 ;

returned, July 8, same vear ; d.

Sept. 16, 1824.
1824. Charles X., brother, b. Oct. 9, 1757;

m. Maria Therese, of Savov : dej).

July 30, 1830; */. Nov. 6, 1836.
See Legitimate Line, post, p. 25.

House of Orleans.
1830. Louis Philippe, son of the D. of Or-
leans, called Kijitlile', b. Oct. 6,
1773; m. Nov.' 25, 1809, Maria
Amelia, dau. of Ferdinand I.
(IV.), K. of the Two Sicilies.
Raised to the throne, as "king of
the Fronoh." Aug. 1830; elect.
7th, sw. 9tli; dep. Feb. 24, 1848 ;
d. Aug. 26, 1850.
See Orkanist Line, post, p. 25.

Second Repubmo.

1848. The revolution commenced in ;i

popular insurrection at Paris,

Feb. 22. The royal family escaped

by tlight to England, a prov. govt.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

was estab., monarchy abolished,
and France decl. a republic. \

Louis Xapoleon (Charles L. N.

Buonaparte), L April 20, 1808, 1852.
son of Louis Buonaparte some
time K. of Holland, and nephew
of the late emp. Napoleon I. ;
elect, pres. of the republic, by
6,048,872 votes, out of 8.040.604;
having a majoiuty of 4,600,770
votes over his rival, general Ca-
vaignac, Dec. 11, 1848.

Louis Napoleon declared by the 1870.
national assembly pres. of the
republic of France, Dec. 19,
and prod, next day, Dec. 20, 1848.

The Second Empire.
Napoleon II. (Francis Joseph
Charles Napoleon), son of the
emp. Xapoleon I., b. March 20,
1811 ; cr. K. of Rome, and aft.
made D. of Reichstadt ; d. July
22, 1832 ; he never reigned, but

1871.
1873.

1879.

1887
THE LEGITIMATE LINTS

on the establishment of the second
empire was recognised as Napoleon
IL

Napoleon HI. (Louis Napoleon)
above-named, the pres. of the
Republic, decl. Emperor Dec. 2 ;
m. Eugenie de Montijo, countess
of Teba, Jan. 29, 1853 ; dep. Sept.
4, 1870 ; d. Jan. 9, 1873.

See Imperial Line, supra.

Third Republic.
Repubhc procl., Sept. 4; prov.
govt, by Committee of Public
Defence, until election of

Presidents.
Louis Adolphe Thiers, Aug. 31.
Marshal Marie Edme Patrice Maurice

de Mae Mahon, D. of Magenta,

May 24.
Fran9ois Paul Jules Grew, Jan.

30.
Marie Francois Sadi-Garnot, Dec. 3.>«->J^) J'l

Charles X. (see ante, p. 24), abdicated,
July 1830, and on Aug. 2, following, his
eldest son the Dauphin, Louis Antoine,
renounced his rights in favour of his
nephew

Henry V. (Hemy Charles Frederick Marie
Dieudonne', of Artois), D. of Bordeaux,
better known as the Count of Chambord.

He was son of pr. Charles Ferdinand, of
Artois, D. of Berri, who was 6. Jan. 24,
1778, and d. Feb. 14, 1820. Hemy V.
was 6. Sept. 29, 1820; d. Aug. 24,
1883. On his death the elder branch
of the Bourbons became extinct and
the succession passed to the house of
Orleans.

THE ORLEANIST LINE.

Louis Philippe (see ante, p. 24), d, Aug.
26, 1850. His eldest son was Ferdinand
Philippe Louis Charles Henry Joseph, of
Orleans. D. of Orleans, pr. roval ; /'.
Sept. 3, 1810 ; m. May 30, 1837. Helena
Louisa Elizabeth, dau. of Frederick
Louis, hered, Gr. D. of Mecklenburg-
Schwerin ; d. July 13, 1842, leaving as

his eldest son Louis Philippe Albert
d'Orleass, Count of Pans, //. Aug. 24,
1838, who became entitled to the throne
of France, as rep. of the Orleans line, on
death of his grandfather, Louis Philippe,
Aug. 26, 1850, and as rep of the
Legitimate line, on death of the Count
of Chambord (Henry V.), Aug. 24, 1883.

THE IMPERIAL LINE.

Empresses of Napoleon I.

Josephine (Marie Rose Joseph), dau.

of — Tascher de la Pagerie, b.

June 24, 1768 ; tn. 1st, Alexr. de

Beauharnais ; 2nd, the emp. March

8, 1796 ; div. Dec. 16, 1809 ; d.

May 29, 1814.
Maria Louisa, archd. of Austria, b.

Dec. 12, 1791 ; m. Apr. 2, 1810 ; d.

Dec. 18, 1847. See Parma, post,

p. 53.

Issue of Napoleon I.
See Napoleon II., supra.

Brothers of Napoleon I.

1. Joseph Buonaparte, K. of Naples, aft.

K. of Spain ; m. Maria Julia de
Clary; d. July 28, 1844.

2. Lucien Buonaparte, pr. of Canino ; m.

1st, Christine Elenore Boyer, 1794 ;
2nd, Marie Alexandrine Charlotte
Louise Lawrence de Bleschamps ;
d. June 30, 1840.

3. Louis Buonaparte, K of Holland, m.

Hortensia Eugenia de Beauharnais,
dau. of the Emp. Josephine ; d. July
25, 1846. The father of Napoleon nt

4. Jerome Buonaparte, K. of Westphalia,

m. 1st, Elizth. Patterson, Dec. 24,

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1803, an American ; 2nil, Frederica,
dau. of the K. of Wurtembeig.
Aug. 1807.

Sisters of Xapolkon I.

1. Elizabeth, gr. duch. of Florence, and

pr. of Piombino, ?h. to general Felix
Bacciochi, actual pr. of Piombhio.

2. Maria Paulcttc, or Pauline, ?h. 1st.,

general Leclerc ; 2nd. , pr. Borghese.

3. Annonceade Caroline, m. to Joachim

Miirat, aft. K. of Xnplcs.

His Other Relatives.

Cardinal Fesch, abp. of Lyons, uncle-
to Napoleon I.

Eugene de Beauhamaia, son of Jose-
phine, viceroy of Italy, Gr. D.
of Frankfort, and aft. D. of Leuch-
tenberg and pr. of Eichstadt:
III. Amelia Augusta, pr. of Ba-
varia.

Stephanie de la Pagerie, niece of Jose-
phine, pr. of Baden.

Napoleon's Great Officers of State, Marshals, &c.

Officers of State.
CambaceiX's, D. of Parma.
Caulaincourt, D. of Vicenza.
Champagne, D. of Cadore.
Duroc, D. of Friuli.
Fouche', D. of Otranto.
Le Brun, D. of Piacenza.
Maret. D. of Bassano.
Savary, D. of Rovigo.
TallejTand de Perigord, pr. of Bcncvcnto.

^Iakskals.
Arrighi, D. of Padua.
Augereaii, D. of Castiglione.
Bcrnadotte, pr. of Ponte Corvo, aft. K.

of Sweden.
Berthier, pr. of Neufchatel and Wagram.
Bessieres, D. of Istria.
Davoust, pr. of Eckmuhl and D. of Auer-

stadt.

Jourdan, peer of France.

Junot, D. of Abrantes.

Kellerman, D. of Valmy.

Lanncs, D. of Montebello.

Lefebre, D. of Dantzic.

Macdonald, D. of Tarento.

Marmont, D. of Ragusa.

Massena, pr. of Essling and D. of Rivoli..

Moncey, D. of Conegliano.

Mortier, D. of Treviso.

Murat, K. of Naples.

Ney, pr. of iloskwa and D. of Elchingcn-

Oudinot, I), of Reggio.

Soiilt, D. of Dalmatia.

Suchet, D. of Albufera.

Victor, D. of Belluno.

Remarkable Generals.

Andrcossi, Goxivion St. Cvr, Grouchy.
Hulin, Rapp, Regnier, Sebastiani, Ser-
rurier. Vandamme, &c.

Napoleon III.

Had issue one child only, Napoleon Eugene Louis Jean Joseph, known
as the Prince Imperial, who was killed in the Zulu War, June 1, 1879.
and d. unmarried.

ALENgON.

Counts of Alen(;on.
1268. Peter.

1293. Charles I. of Valois.
1325. Charles II.
1346. Charles III.
1361. Peter.

Dukes of Alen(,'on.
1404. John I.
141;-.. John II.
1476. Charles IV, defeated at the battle of

Pa via in 1525, and the duchy was

merged in the Kingdom of

France.

ANJOU.

In 877, Louis the Staiiimeror, son and successor of Charles the Bald of
France, upon his accession to that crown, bestowed many largesses on
his friends. In order to reconcile the nialconteuts who had not

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

27

shared them, Louis found it expedient to dismember great portions of'
his domains ; and hence arose many seignories, duchies, and counties^
possessed by various individuals and families. This is believed to be
the origin of the Counts of Anjou.

Counts of Anjou.

Fuleo (Fulke), sum. the Red. after
having united the counties of
Eudo and Ingelger, d. 1)38.
938. Fulco II. surn. the Good.
958. Geoil'rey I., son; he obtained foi"
himself and his successors the
dignity of seneschal of France.
987. Fulco III., the Black, d. returning
from Jerusalem.
10-10. Geoffery II. , Martel (the Hammer),

son, d. without male issue.
lOCO (Geoffrey III., the Bearded, and
iuou. I p^^j^Q jy . ^j^g j.^^^gj. imprisoned

his brother, and was excommuni-
cated by the pope ; his consort,
Bertrade of Montfort, was carried
off by K. Philip I. of France, who
married her.

HOG. Geoffrey IV., released his uncle,
who died soon after, leaving
Anjou to his nephew. Geoff'rey
fell in a war with his father by a
poisoned an'ow, discharged at
him, it is said, at the instance of
Bertrade.

1100. Fulco v., son, became K. of Jerusa-
lem, and d. 1142.

1129. Geoffrey V., Plantagenet, 3rd son.
obt. Anjou from his father this
year ; his two elder brothers suc-
ceeded the father as kings of
Jerusalem.
Geoff'rey V., »». Mathilde d'Angle-
terre (Maud, dau. of Henry
I.) ; he conq. Normandj', which he
gave, in 1149, to his son Henry,

aft. Henry II., K. of England.
From this marriage of Maud of
England with Geoffrey of Anjou,
sprung the line of the Plantage-
nets of our own country, a race
of fourteen kings, commencing
with Henry II. in 1154, and ter-
minating with Richard III. in
1485, a period of 331 j-ears.

1150. Geoffrey YI., second son, d. without
an heir.

1158. William, E. of Poitou, third son of
Geoffrey V., d. 1164.
Anjou from this time became a
possession of the kings of Eng-
land. It was, however, in the
reign of John, taken, together
with Normandy, by Philip
Augustus of France, and incorpo-
rated with that kingdom, and
given, as a fief, first to
* * John, son of Louis VIII. , who died
early, and next to

1264. Charles, his brother, who, later,
became Charles I. of Sicily, and
whose descendants were called
the house of Anjou.
Alfonso V ., of Arragon and
Naples, achieved a victory over
Rene' of Anjou in 1422. The
dukedom of Anjou afterwards
became nothing more than a mere
title, taken by the second sons of
the Kings of France. This title
has long since ceased.

BRETAGNE OR BRITTANY.

This name, in the earliest ages, was common to all that tract of country
situated between the mouths of the Seine and the Loire. When, how-
ever, the Bretons were obliged to abandon the Isle of Albion (England),
and to take refuge in a part of Armorica in the 5th century, they
gradually communicated their name as well to the inhabitants as
to the province itself.

Counts and Dukes of Brittany.

560. Conober, about this time.

* * *

590. Waroc, about this time.

824. Nomenoe.

851. Erispoe or Herispoe.

857. Salomon, cousin.

874. Pasqnito de Yannes, and Gurvan de

Rennes.
877. Alain III., de Vannes, and Judicael

de Rennes.

:28

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

907.

Gurmallion.

1237.

John I., the Red.

830.

Berenger de Renncs.

1286.

John n.

937.

Alain IV. de Vanncs.

1305.

Arthur II.

952.

Drogo.

1312.

John III., styled the Good.

980.

Gueroc, de Nantes.

1341.

Charles, count of Blois, and John

987.

Conan I., de Rennes.

IV., de Montfort, brother to John

992.

Geoffrey I.

the Good.

1008.

Alain V.

1345.

Charles de Blois, alone.

1040.

Conan II.

1364.

John V. , styled the Valiant.

10G6.

Hoel V.

1399.

John VI.

1084.

Alain Fergent, the Red.

1442.

Francis I.

1112.

Conan III. the Fat.

1450.

Peter II.

1148.

Eudes, Hoel VI., and Geoffrey II.

1457.

Arthur III.

1156.

Conan IV.

1458.

Francis II.

1171.

Geoffrey III.

1488.

Anne, dau.

1196.

Arthur, and Constance, da

u. of Conan

1513.

Claude, dau.

IV.. and wife of Geoff

rey, son of

1524.

Francis I., of France.

Henry II. of England.

1532.

The dukedom of Brittany annexed

1203.

Guy de Tours, regent.

to the crown of France.

1213.

Peter Mauclerc.

BURGUNDY.

The Kingdom of the Burgundians began in Alsace in 413, and con-
tinued for 119 years, the Franks stripping them of their dominions in
532. In the division of France among the sous of Clotaire in 561,
Gontran had Orleans and Burgundy ; in 638, Clovis II. had Burgundy
and Neustra ; and, on the death of Charles le Gros, in 888, Rodolph
hecame king of Trausjuran Burgundy. The Kingdom was soon after-
wards united to that of Aries, and both passed, on the death of
Eodolph III., in 1032, to Conrad the Salique, emperor of Germany. The
Burgundians, who settled in Celtic Gaul, gave name to the county and
<luchy of Burgundy. Burgundy is now a part of France.

Kings of Burgundy.

413. Gundicar.

430. Gunderic.

466. Chilperic.

491. Gundebaud.

516. Higismund.

523. Gondeuiar.

532. Conq. by the Franks under Childe-

bert aud Clotaire, kings of Paris

and Soissons.

888. Rodolph I. K. of Trausjuran Bur-
gundy.

911. Rodolph II.. K. of Aries. Burgundy
and Provence united in 933.

937. Conrad the Pacific, second K. of
Aries.

993. Rodolph III., le Faineant.
1032. Rodolph bequeaths his kingdom to
Conrad the Salique, emp.

Dukes op Burgundy.

*77. Richard Ir Jtistirirr.

921. Rodolph, K. of France in 923.

923. Giselbert or (iilbert.

938. Hugh, styled the Great.

956. Otho.

965. Henry, brother, styled the (ireat, hc-
queathed his dukedom to the K.
of France.
1015. Henry II., aft. K. of France.
1031. Robert, brother.

1075. Hugh I.

1078. Eudes I.

1102. llughir., surn. the Pacific.

1 142. Eudes II.

1162. Hugh III.

1193. Eudes III.

1218. Hugh IV.

1272. UobertH.

1305. Hugh V.

1315. Eudus IV.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

29-

1350. Philip I. de Rouvre.

1363. Philip II. sur. the Hardy, for gal-
lantly fighting near his father
K. John of France, at the battle of
Poitiers ; founded the second royal
house of Burgundy.

1384. Flanders united to Burgundy by the
marriage of Philii) with Margaret,
heiress of the counts of Flan-
ders.

1404. John. surn. Sans Feur or the Fear-
less ; murdered on the bridge of
Montereau.

1419. Philip III., surn. the Good.

1421. Namur sold to Burgundy.

1429. Brabant united to Burgundy.

1433. Holland and Hainault united to Bur-
gundy.

1444. Luxemburg sold to Burgundy.

1467. Charles the Bold, son of Philip the
Good, killed in an engagement
with the D. of Lorraine. With
him ended the second house of
Burgundy in 1477.

1477. Burgundy now passed to Austria,
by the marriage of Mary, its heir-
ess, with Maximilian I., amp. of
Germany.

1479. The Duchy of Burgundy was annexed
to France by Louis XI.

LORRAINE. BRABANT.

This country took its name from Lothaire, or Lotbarius, son of the
emperor of the same name, and was given to the prince as an inde-
pendent dominion in 851. The kingdom eventually was divided in
the 10th century into two parts. Lower Lorraine was governed by its
dukes, afterwards Dukes of Brabant, until Brabant became united with
Burgundy in 1429. The late province subsisted until 1766, when it
was finally united to France.

Dukes.

Lower Lorraine.

Lorraine.

950.

Godfrey I.

916.

Giselbert or Gilbert.

964.

Godfrey II.

940.

Henry I.

976.

Charles, of France,

944.

Conrad, the Red.

1001.

Otho I.

953.

Bruno, Abp. of Cologne.

1005.

Godfrey III.

959.

Frederick I.

1023.

Gothelon, styled the Great.

984.

Thierry I.

1043.

Godfrey IV., surn. the Hardy.

1026.

Frederick II.

1048.

Frederick of Luxemburg.

1033.

Gothelon or Gothelo I.

1065.

Godfrey IV., again.

1043.

Gothelon II.

1069.

Godfrey V., Bossu.

1046.

Albert d'Alsace.

1076.

Conrad.

1048.

Gerard d'Alsace.

1089.

Godfrey VI., of Bouillon.

1070.

Thierry, surn. the Valiant.

1101.

Henry I.

1115.

Sigismund I.

1106.

Godfrey VII. styled the Great.

1139.

Matthew I.

1128.

Walleran, and Godfrey VII.

1176.

Sigismund II.

1140.

Godfrey VIII. h Jeiine.

1205.

Ferri I.

1143.

Godfrey IX., surn. the Valiant.

1206.

Ferri II.

-

1213.

Theobald I.

Brabant.

1220.

IMatthew II.

1190.

Henry II.

1251.

Ferri III., goy. 53 years.

1235.

Henry III.

1304.

Theobald II.

1248.

Henry IV.

1312.

Ferri IV.

1261.

John I., surn. the Victorious.

1328.

Raoul. French for Rollo.

1294.

John II. , surn. the Pacific.

1346.

John I.

1312.

John III., styled the Triumphant.

1391.

Charles I. , surn. the Hardy.

1355.

Jane and We'nceslas of Luxemburg.

1431.

Rene' d'Anjou, styled the Good. The

1383.

Jane gov. alone.

succession disputed by Antonj*

1405.

Antony.

de Vaudemont.

1415.

John iV.

1453.

John II.

1427.

Philip.

1470.

Nicholas.

1429.

Brabant united to Burgundy.

1473.

Jolantha and Rene' II.

4W

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1508. Antony, sum. the Good.

1544. Francis I.

1545. Charles II. styled the Great; reigned

G3 years.

1608. Henry II., styled the Good.

1624. Francis II., Charles III., and Ni-
cholas Francis, gov. jointly.

1670. Charles, alone.

1675. Charles IV., nephew.

1690.
17l".>.

1737.
1766.

Leopold, son.

Francis Stephen, Gr. D. of Tuscany
in 1737. //(. Maria Theresa of Aus-
tria. Emp. of Germany in 1745.

Stanislaus, of Poland.

Lorraine united to France. Sff
note to " Tuxcani/," 1735-7.

In 1871, part of Lorraine was ceded
by France to Germany.

NORM AND V.

The Normans, enticed by plunder, having made many descents upon
Pi-ance, Charles the Simple, at length wearied by their aggressions,
•came to an accommodation with them, and concluded the famous treaty
of St. Clair upon the Epte, whereby he gave them a part of Neustra,
which from their incursions had already taken the name of Normandy.
•Charles also gave his daughter Giselle to tiieir chief, Kollo, in marriage,
•on the condition of his embracing Christianity, and giving it encourage-
anent among his followers.

Dukes op Normandy.

1028.
1035.

1087.

Robert I., surn. le Diahle.

William the Bastard, natural son of
Richard III. (our William I. or the
Conqueror) ; became K. of Eng-
land in 106C.

Robert, surn. Courthose,* eldest son
of William, became D. of Nor-
mandy on his father's death, his
brother William succeeding to the
crown of England ; gov. until
1106 ; d. 1134.

* This Robert had a son, William, to whom (and not to his father) the French historians give
the surname Courthose (Courtecuisse), short-thigh.

The contention between the last Duke, Robert, and his brother
Henry (third son of the Conqueror, and then king of England), termi-
nated with the battle of Tinchebray, in Lower Normandy, Sept, 28,
1106. Robert was defeated, made prisoner, and sent to England, where
he died in captivity. Normandy was then annexed to England, but
was re-united to the crown of France in the reign of King John.

■911. Rollo, the Dane, 1st D., yielded
homage for his dukedom to Charles
the Simple, K. of France.

'927. William Loii</e,yjee, or Longsword,
son.

943. Richard I., surn. the Fearless, a

minor, son.
99G. Richard II., son ; tliis duke's sister,
Emma, m. to Ethelred II., K. of
England.

1026. Richard HI.

MONACO.

The sovereignty of this little State has been held by the family of
Orimaldi since 968.

Princes op Monaco.

GrimaUlo 1., L. o

f .Monaco, living | — (irimaldo III., living 1184

920.

— Hubort.

Guido I., 1st Pr.

1223 or 1232. Grimaldo IV.

(irimaldo 11.

1257. Francis.

Guido II.

1293. Rainer I.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

31

1314. Rainer II.

1662. Hercules II.

1330. Charles I., styled the Great ! ! !

1651. ? Louis L

1346. Rainer III.

1701. Anthony.

1407. John I.

1731. Louisa Hippolyta.

1454. Catalan.

1731. ? Honorius III.

1457. Claudia, m. Lambert Grimaldi.

1780. Honorius IV.

1493. John n.

1819. Honorius V.

1505. Lucian.

1841. Florestan I. (Tancred Florestan

1525. Honorius I.

Roger Louis), Oct. 2.

1581. Charles II.

1856. Charles III. (Charles Honorius),

1589. Hercules I.

June 20.

1604. Honorius II.

SWITZERLAND.

This country became subject to Germany about 1032. The revolt
under William Tell occurred in 1306, and Swiss independence was first
declared in 1307. A series of wars ensued, but the Swiss maintained
their freedom and formed themselves into a federation ultimately con-
sisting of thirteen cantons, and known as the Helvetic Confedera-
tion. Prom 1648 this Confederation enjoyed tranquility except from
internal dissensions ; but in 1798 it was conquered by France, the
Helvetic Confederation dissolved, and the Helvetian Republic, under
the control of France, formed in its place. Some minor changes were
subsequently made, but ultimately, in 1815, under the provisions of
the treaty of Vienna, the federal form of government was definitely
restored under the name of the Swiss Confederation, and the number
■of cantons was increased to 22. A new federal constitution was
established in 1848.

Presidents of the Swiss Confederate Council.

From the year 1848.

Term of office, one year from January 1st.

1849.

Jonas Fun-er.

1869.

Emil Welti.

1850.

Heinrich Druck.

1870.

Jacob Dubs nriain.

1851.

J. Munzinger.

1871.

Karl Schink again.

1852.

Jonas Furrer (uiain.

1872.

Emil Welti again.

1853.

Wilhelm Raif. '

1873.

Patil Ceresole.

1854.

Frederich Frey Herosee.

1874.

Karl Schink again.

1855.

Jonas Furrer aijaiii.

1875.

J. J. Scherer.

1856.

Jacob Stampfli.

1876.

Emil Welti again.

1857.

Constant Fornerod.

1877.

Joachim Heer.

1858.

Jonas Furrer mjuin.

1878.

Karl Schink again.

1859.

Jacob Stampfli (Kjain.

1879.

Bernhard Hammer.

1860.

F. Frey B.BVo&ee iKjiiin.

1880.

Emil Welti again.

1861.

Martin Kniisel.

1881.

Numa Droz.

1862.

Jacob Stampfli (Kjain.

1882.

Simon Bavier.

1863.

Constant Fornerod aijuin.

1883.

Louis Ruchonnet.

1864.

Jacob Dubs.

1884.

Emil Welti again.

1865.

Karl Schink.

1885.

Karl Schink again.

1866.

Martin Kniisel cu/ain.

1886.

Adolf Deiicher.

1867.

Constant Fornerod (ti/aiii.

1887.

Numa Droz atjaln.

1868.

Jacob Dubs again.

1888.

J. Zemb.

33

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

POPES OF ROME.

The list in the former edition has been collated with that appended to
Mosheim's Ecclesiastical History, which follows Bower's History of the
Popes. The dates of the earlier popes difEer in various writers, and
must, probably, be all considered as more or less " approximate."
Bishop Pearson gives the following dates : —

Linus. 55-(i7.
Anaclctus, 67-09.
Clement. G9-83.
Evaristxis. 83-t)l.
Alexander, 91-101.
Sixtus, or Xvstus, 101-111.

Telesphorus, 111-12:
Hvginus, 122-121).
Pius, 127-142.
Anicetus, 142-101.
Soter, 101-170.

Dodwell says Anicetus d. 153, and Soter in 162.

St. Peter is given in the following list as the first Bishop of Rome.
in accordance with the popular tradition ; but the better opinion seems
to be that the Church of Rome was really settled by St. Peter and St.
Paul jointly, and that Linus was appointed the first Bishop by their
joint authority. See the notes to Mosheim's List, which contain much
useful information on the subject.

The temporal sovereignty of the popes nominally commenced about
720, in the papacy of Gregory III. ; but it was not until 754, in the
papacy of Stephen II., that it can be said to have had any real founda-
tion. It continued with frequent additions and reductions of territory
and with some intervals of conquest by foreign powers till 1859-60,
when the greater part of the papal dominions was swept away and
soon afterwards incorporated in the new kingdom of Italy. The then
Pope, Pius IX, was maintained in Rome under the protection of a French
garrison until 1870, when the garrison was withdrawn, the troops of
the King of Italy entered the city, and on September 21, 1870, the
temporal power of the poi)es came to an end.

List of the Popes of Rome.

Exfej)t when otherwise stated, they died in the same year as that in which their
successor was appointed.

42.

St. Petkk, crucified, his

head down-

192.

St. Victor ; mart.

wards, in 66.

201.

St. Zephirinus; d. 218.

—

St. Clement (Clrmrm

Romanus),

219.

St. Calixtus. or Callistus : ,/. 222.

according? to Tutnllian.

222.

Throne vacant.

00.

St. Linus ; mart.

¥21).

St. Urban ; beheaded.

78.

St. Anacletus ; mart.

2;!0.

St. Pontianus ; banished

91.

St. Clement ; ahd.

2X>.

St. Anterus ; mart.

100.

St. Evaristus ; mart.

2:50.

St. Fabian ; mart. 250.

109.

St. Alexander ; mart.

2r,o.

Throne vacant.

119.

St. Sixtus ; mart.

251.

St. Cornelius.

128.

St. Telesphorus ; mart.

252.

St. Lucius ; mart, the same year.

1:59.

St. Hyginus ; the fir.st wl

0 was

called

Novatianus, nntipopo.

pope.

2.''.;{.

St. Stephen ; mart.

142.

St. Pius ; mart.

257.

Sixtus II., his coa<ljutiir : mart. 258

157.

St. Anicetus.

258.

Throne vacant.

168.

St. Sotcrus ; mart.

259.

Dionysius.

176.

St. Eloutherus.

209.

Felix 1. ; mart. 274

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

33

L'75.
283.
296.
304.
308.
310.
311.

314.
33G.
337.
352.

351 ;.

358.
358.

384.
398.
402.
417.
418.
422.
432."
440.
461.
468.
483.

492.
496.
498.
514.
514.

523.
526.

532.
535.
536.

560.
573.

574.

578.
590.

604.

Eutychiiinus ; mart.

Caius.

Marcellinus.

Throne vacant.

JIarcellus.

St. Ensebius ; d. tbe same year.

St. Melchiades ; coadjutor to Euse-

bius.
Silvester ; d. 335.

Marcu.s, or Mark ; d. the same year.
.Tulius.

Liberius ; banished, and in
Felix II. , antipope ; placed in the

chair by Constans, during the

exile of Liberius, on whose re-
turn he was driven from it with

ignominy.
Liberius, again ; abd.
Felix became legal pope, but he was

made away with by Liberius
Liberius, again ; d. 366.
Damasus.
Siricius.
Anastasius.
Innocent T.
Zosimus ; canonized.
Boniface I. ; canonized.
Celestine I. ; canonized.
Sixtus III.

Leo I. the Great ; canonized.
St. Hilary.
St. Simplicius.
Felix III., sometimes styled Felix

II. ; canonized.
Gelasius ; canonized.
Anastasius II. ; canonized.
Sj'mmachus : canonized.
Laurentius, antipope.
Hormisdas, July 20 ; canonized ; d.

Aug. 6.
John I. , Aug. 13 ; d. May 18.
Felix IV., July 12: canonized; d.

Sept. 15.
Boniface II., Sept. 22; d. Oct. 17,

532.
JohnIL, Dec. 31; d. May 27.
Agapetus, June 3 ; d. April 22.
Silverius, June 8 ; banished ; d. June

20, 538.
Vigilius, banished, but rest., March

29, 555 ; d. June 7.
Pelagius I.. June ; d. March 31.
John III., July 14 ; d. July, 573.
Throne vacant.
Benedict I., snrn. .Bonosus, Jmie 3 ;

d. July 31.
Pelagius" II., Nov. 27; d. Jan. 8.
Gregory the Great, Sept. 3 : d.

March 12.
Sabinianus, Sejjt. 13 ; d. Feb. 22,

607. Boniface III.. Feb. 19 ; d. Nov. 12.

G08. Boniface lY., Sept. 15; d. May 25.

615. Deusdedit, Oct. 19; d. Nov. 8.

618. Boniface V., Dec. 23; d. Oct. 25.

625.
639.
640.
640.
642.
649.
654.

657.
672.
676.
678.
682.
683.
(584.
685.
686.
686.
687.
701.
705.
708.
708.
715.

731.
741.
752.

757.
768.

795.
816.
817.
824.

844.
847.

855.

858.
867.
872.

884.

HonoriusL, Nor. 3; d. Oct. 12,638.

Throne vacant.

Severinus, May 28 ; d. Aug. 2.

John IV., Dec. 24 ; d. Oct. 12.

Theodorus,Nov. 24: d. May 13.

Martin, July 5 : d. Sept. 16^, 665.

Eugenius, Aug. 10; canonized; d.
June 3.

Vitalianus, July 30 ; d. Jan. 27.

Adeodatus, April 11 ; d. June 16.

Donus, Nov. 2 ; d. April 11.

Agatho, Juno 27 : d. Jan. 10.

Leo II., Aug. 7 ; d. July 3, 683.

Throne vacant.

Benedict II., Jime 26 ; d. May 7.

John V. , July 23 ; d. Aug. 2.

Conon, Oct. 21 ; d. Sept. 22, 687.

Theodore and Pascal, antipopes.

Sergius. Dec. 15; d. Sept. 7.

John VI., Oct. 30; d. Jan. 9.

John VII., March 1 ; d. Oct. 17, 707.

Sisinnius, Jan. 18 ; d. Feb. 6.

Constantine, March 25 ; d. April 8.

Gregory II., May 19; canonized;
d. Feb. 11.

Gregory HI., March 18 ; d. Nov. 29.

Zacharias, Dec. 3 ; d. March 14.

Stephen II. With this pope com-
menced the temporal power of
the Church of Rome ; March 26 ;
d. April 26.

Paul, May 29 ; d. June 28, 767.

Stephen III., Aug. 7; d. Feb. 1.

Adrian, or Hadrian, I., Feb. 9; d.
Dec. 25.

Leo III., Dec. 27 ; d. June 11.

Stephen IV., June 22 ; d. Jan. 24.

Pascal, June 25 ; d. May.

Eugenius II., May ; d. Aug.

Valentinus : d. 827.

Gregory IV. ; d. Jan. 25.

Sergius II., Feb. 10: d. Jan. 27.

Leo IV., April 10 ; d. July 17.

Between Leo IV. and the next pon-
tiff, Benedict HI., an absurd
story, not worth refutation, places
" Pope Joan."

Benedict III. , Sept. 29 ; opposed by
an antipope called Anastasius ;
d. April 7.

Nicholas, styled the Great. April 24;
d. Nov. 13.

Adrian, or Hadrian, II., Dec. 14 ; d.
Nov. 26.

John VIII., Dec. 14. It is to this
.John that some authors refer the
scandalous fabrication of Pope
Joan, but they err even in point
of time. See above, d. Dec. 15.

Martin II., or Marinus I., Dec. ; d.
May.

Adrian or Hadrian III. , May ; d.
Sept.

Stephen V., Sept. ; d. Sept.

Formosus, Sept. ; d. May 28.
3

u

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

deposed or d. i
July
Nov

896. Boniface VI., May
June 896.

896. Stephen VI., June 896;

897.
ti97, Romanus, antipope, July
897.

897. Theodorus II., gov. 22 days.

898. John IX.. Juno ; d. July.
900. Benedict IV.* July ; (/. Aug.

903. Leo v., Aug.; driven from his seat
a few months after his election,
and died in prison, Sept. 903.

903. Christoper, Oct. ; d. Jan.

904. Sergius III., Jan. 29 ; d. Sept.
911. Anastasius III. , Sept.; d. Nov.

913. Landonius, or Lando, Nov. ; </.

May.

914. John X., May 15; resigned and d.

929.
928. Leo VI., July; considered an in-

tnider bj' many Roman Catholic

historians ; d. Fob.
•929. Stephen VII., Feb. ; d. Mar.
931. John XI.. Mar. ; d. Jan.
936. Leo VII., Jan. ; d. July.
939. Stephen VIU., Julv; d. Oct.
942. Martin III., or Marinus II., Oct. ; </.

April.
94G. Agapetus II., April: d. Nov.
965. John XII. (Octavian).

This pope is said to have been the

first who changed his name on

his elevation to the papal chair.

Nov. ; d. May 14, 904. 1

963. Leo VIII., Dec. 6; d. Mar. 965.

964. Benedict V., chosen on the death of j

John XII., but opposed by Leo. j
VIII., who was supported by the
emp. Otho ; the Roman people
were obliged to abandon his
cause. May : d. July 4.

965. John XIII., elect, by the authority

of the emp. against the popular
will, Oct. 1 ; d. Sept. 6, 972.

973. Benedict VI., Jan. 19; d. Julv.

974. Boniface VII.
974. DonusII.

974. Benedict Vll., Oct. ; </. Oct.

983. John XIV. (Peter). Dec: (/. Aug. I

20.

984. John; il. before consecration. (By i

some omitted and by others called
John XV.).

985. John XV. or XVI., Sept. ; d. April. '
996. Gregory V.( Bruno), May 3; d. Fob.

18, 999. An antipope, named

John XVII., was set up, but exp.

by the emp.
999. Silvester II. (Gerbcrt), April 2 ; d.

May 12.
1003. John XVI or XVII., legitimate

pope, June 13 ; </. Dec. 7.
1003. John XVII. or XVIII. (Fasanus),

Dec. 26 ; d. May.
1009. Sergius IV. (Prlerj. J\ilv ; <l. June.

1012. Benedict VIII.. John. June 22. d.

April 7.
1024. John XVIII. or XIX., June ; c/. Jan.
1033. Benedict IX., Theophylact. Jan:

expelled.

1045. Gregory VI., John Gratian. Mav :

abd.

1046. Clement II., Suidger, Dec. 25; //.

Oct. 9.

1047. Benedict IX. again ; again deposed.

1048. Damasus II., Popponius, July 17 ;

d. Aug. 8, 1048.

1049. Leo IX.. Bruno, canonized; Feb.

12 ; d. April 19, 1054.

1054. Throne vacant 1 vear.

1055. Victor II., Gebehard, April 13; rf.

July 28.

1057. Stephen IX., Frederick. Aug. 2; d.

Mar. 29.

1058. Benedict X., John Mincius, Mar. 30 ;

exp.
1058. Nichoias IL, Gerard, Dec. 20; d.

July 22.
1061. Alexander II.. Ansclm. Oct. 1; d.

April 21.
1073. Gregory VII., Hildebrand, A])ril22:

<7. May 25.

1085. Throne vacant 1 year.

1086. Victor III., Desiderius. May 24 ; d.

Sept. 16. 1087.
1088. Urban II., Otho. .Mar. 12: d. Julv

29.
1U99. Pascal II.. Rainerius. Aug. 14: d.

Jan. 21.
1118. Gclasius II., John Cajetan, Jan. 25 ;

retired to a monastery,
lll'.i. CalixtusIL, Guide, Feb. 1: d. Dec.

14.
1124. llonorius II., Lambei-t, Dec. 21; d.

Feb. 14.
1130. Innocent II., Gregorv. Feb. 14; </.

Sept. 24.

1143. Colostine IL, Guido del Castello,

Sept. 26 ; d. Mar. 8.

1144. Lucius II., Gerard Caccianemici.

Mar. 12 ; d. Feb. 15.

1145. Eugenius III., Bernard, canonized;

Feb. 18 ; d. July .s.
ll.")."). Anastasius IV., Conrad. July 9 : d.

Dec. 3.
ll.'it. .Vdrian or Hadrian 1\'.. Xichohis

Brakospearc. an Englishman, A.

at St. Albans ; Doc. 4 ; </. Sept. 1.
1159. Alexander 111., Uoland. Sept. 7; d.

Aug. 30.
1181. Lucius HI., Hubald AUucingolo.

Sept. 1 ; d. Not. 25.
1184. Urban III., Humbert Crivolli. Pec.

1 ; d. (\t. 20.
1187. Gregory VIII., Albert, Oct. 26; d.

Doc. 17.
1187. Clement HI., Paul, Dec. 20; d.

Mar. 27.
1191. Cole.stine III., ilvacintli Bobo, April

14 ; ./. Jan. 8."

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

35

1198.

1216.

1227.

1241.

1241.

1243.

1254.

1261.

1265.

1268.

1271.

1276.

1276.

1276.
1276.

1277.

1281.

1285.

1288.

1292.
1294.

1295.

1308

1804.
1305.

1314.
1316.

1342.
1352.

1371.

1378.

Innocent III., Lothario Conti di

Segni, Feb 22 ; d. July 16.
Honorius III., Centius Savelli, July

24; d Mar. 18.
Gregory IX., Ugolino dei Conti di

Segiii, Mar. 19; d. Aug. 21.
Celestine IV.. Godfrey Castiglione.

Oct. 22 ; d. Nov. 9.
Throne vacant 1 year and 7

months.
Innocent IV., Sinibald Fioschi, June

28 ; d. Dec. 7.
Alexander IV. , Raynald dei Conti di

Segni, Dec. 12 ; d. May 25.
Urban IV., James Pantaleon. Aug.

29 ; d. Oct. 2, 1264.
Clement IV., Guido Foulquois. Feb. ;

d. Nov. 29.
Throne vacant 2 years and 9

months.
Gregory X.. Theobald. Sept. 1; d.

Jan. 10.
Innocent V., Peter de Tarantaise,

Feb. 23 ; d. June 22.
Adrian or Hadrian V., Ottobon

Fieschi, July VI; d. Aug. 18.
Vicedominus ; d. the next day.
John XX. or XXL, Joao Pedi-o,

Sept. 15 ; d. May 16.
Nicholas III., John Caietan Orsini,

Nov. 25 ; d. Aug. 22, 1280.
Martin IV., Simon de Brie, ^la.v. 23 ;

d. Mar. 29.
Honorius IV., James Savelli, April

2 ; d. April 3, 1287.
Nicholas IV.. .lerome of Ascoli.

Feb. 22 ; d. April 4.
Throne vacant 2 years and 3 months.
Celestine V., Peter de ]\Iurrho. Avig.

29, resigned ; d. May 19, 1296.
Boniface VIII., Benedict Cajetau.

Jan. 24; d. Oct. 11.
Benedict XL, Nicholas Bocasiui.

Oct. 27 ; d. July 6.
Thi'one vacant 11 months.
Clement V. Bertrand the Goth : re-
moved the papal seat from Rome

to Avignon. Nov. 18; d. April 20,

1314.
Throne vacant 2 years and 4 months.
John XXII. , James D'Euse. Sept.

5 ; d. Dec. 4, 1334.
Benedict XII., (Nicholas V., anti-
pope, at Rome), James Fournier,

Jan. 8; d. April 25.
Clement VI., Peter Roger, 3Iay 19 :

d. Dec. 6.
Innocent VI., Stephen Aubert. Dec.

30; d. Sept. 12.
L'rban V.. William de Grimsard.

Nov. 6 ; d. Dec. 19, 1370.
Gregory XL, Peter Beaufort, Jan.

b\ d. Mar. 27.
L^i'ban VI.. Bartholomc-n- Prignano.

April 18; d. Got. 18.

1389. Boniface IX., Peter TomaceUi, Nov.

9; d. Oct.. 1404.
1394. Benedict (called XIII.), antipope at

Avignon.
1404. Innocent VII., Cosmato Megliorati,

Oct. 17 ; d. Nov. 6.
1406. Gregory XH. , Angelo Corario ; else.

during the schism in the East ;

Benedict XIII. being the other

pope ; both popes were dep. Dec. 2.

1409. Alexander V., Peter of Candia.

June 26 ; d. May 3.

1410. John XXIII. , Balthasar Cossa, May

17, deposed.
1417. Martin V. , Otho Colonna, Nov. 11;

d. Feb. 20.
1431. Eugenius IV., Gabriel Condelmerio ;

dep. by the council of Basil, and

Amadeus of Savoy chosen, as

Felix V. in 1439 ; antipope. Mar.

. .„ 3; d. Feb. 23.

1447. Nicholas V., Thomas of Sarzana. "

Mar. 6 ; d. Mar. 24.
1455. Calixtus III., Alphonso Borgia,

April 8; d. Aug. 8.
1458. Pius II., iEneas Silvius Piccolomini,

Aug. 27 ; d. Aug. 14.
1464. Paul IL, Peter Barbo, Aug. 31; d.^

July 25.
1471. Sixtus IV., FiraaGis, della Rovere,

Aug. 9 ; d. Aug. 13.
1484. Innocent VIIL, John Baptist Cibo,

Aug. 29; d. July 25. ^''';,'--,..

1492. Alexander VI., R©4eii« Boi-gia, Aug.

11; d. Aug. 18. '— ^ >:

l.JOo. Pius III., Francis Todeschini or
H - Piccolomini, Sept. 22 ; d. Oct. 18.

If(|l>8. Julius II. , Julian de la Rovere, Oct.

31 : d. Feb. 21.
1513. Leo X. ,-J^rinK4.e Medici. Mar. 11;

d. Dec. 1, 1521.

1522. Adrian of Hatlr-ian VI., |ljldrian

Boy ens, Jan. 9 ; d. Sept. 14.

1523. Clement VII., J^ttsa, de Medici.

Nov. 19; d. Sept. 2o.
1534. Paul III., Alexander Farnese. Oct.

13 ; d. Nov. 10, 1549.
1550. Juliiis III.. John Maria del Monte,

Feb. 7; J. Mar. 23.
1555. Mai-cellus II. , Marcellus Cervini,

April 5 : d. May 1.
1555. Paul IV., John Peter Caraffa, Mav

23 ; d. Aug. 18.
1559. Pius IV., John Angelo de Medici,

Dec, 28 ; d. Dec. 9, 1565.
1566. Pius V. , Michael Ghislieri, Jan. 8 ;

d. May 1.
1572. Gregory XIIL, Hugh Bnoncom-

pagno. May 13 ; d. April 10.
1585. Sixtus V , Felix Peretti, April 24;

d. Aug. 27.
1590. Urban VII., John Baptist Castagna,

Sept. 15 ; d. Sept. 27.
1590. Gregory XIV., Nicolas Sfondrati.

Dec. 5 : d. Oct. 15.

THE BOOK OK DIGNITIES.

lo'Jl. Innocent IX., John Antony Facchi-

netti, Oct. 29: d. Dec. 30, 1591.
I.J02. Clement VIII.. Hippolytus Aldo-

brandini, Jan. ?>0: d. Mar. ii.
I<i05. Leo XI.. Alexander de Medici, April

1 ; d. April 2(1 .
HiO.5. Paul v., Camillus Borghe.se. May IG :

d. Jan. 22.
l()21. Gregory XV.. Alexander Ludovisi.

Feb.' 9 ; d. July 8.
1 <>2;{. Urban VIII. , Maffeo Barberini. Aug.

G : July 29.
1()44. Innocent X., John Baptist Pamphili,

Sept. 15 ; d. Jan. 7.
1655. Alexander VII.. Fabius Chigi, April

8 ; (/. May 22.
lt)t)7. Clement IX., Julius Rospigliosi.

June 20; d. Dec. 9, 1G69.
IG70. Clement X.. John Baptist .^milius

Altieri, A],ril 29 ; ii. July 22.
1G76. Innocent XI., Benedict Odeschalchi.

Sept. 21 : d. Aug. 12.
1G89. Alexander VIII.. Peter Ottoboni.

Oct. 6 ; d. Feb. 1.
1G91. Innocent XII., Antonio Pignatelli,

July 12; d. Sept. 17.
170(). Clement XL, John Francis Albani.

Nov. 23: d. Mar. 19.

1721. Innocent XIII. . Michael Angelo

Conti, May 8 : d. Mar. 7.
17l'4. Benedict XIII. . Peter Franci.s Or-

sini, .May 29: d. Feb. 21.
1730. Clomont XII.. Laurence Corsim,

July 12 : d. Feb. G.
1740. Benedict XIV.. Prosper Laurence

Lambertini, Aug. 17 ; d. May 2.
1758. Clement XIII., Charles Rezzonico,

July G ; (/. Feb. 2.
17G9. Clement XIV., John Vincent Gau-

ganelli. Mav 18: d. Sept. 22.

1774.
1775. Pius VI.. John Angelo Braschi. Feb.

15 ; d. Aug. 29, 1799.
ISUO. Pius VII., Barnabas Chiaromonti.

Mar. ; dep. bv Buonaparte in

1809, rest, in 1814 : d. Aug. 20.
1.S23. Leo XII.. Annibal della Genga,

Sept. 2h ; d. Feb. 10.
1829. Pius VIII., Francis Xavier Castig-

lioni, Mar. 31 ; d. Xov. 30.
1831. Gregory XVI.. Maunis Cappellari,

Feb. 2; d. Juno 1.
184(;. Pius IX., John .Maria Mastai Fer-

retti, June IG ; d. Feb. 7.
1878. Leo XIII.. Joachim Pecci. elect.

B'eb. 20.

ROME. ANCIENT ITALY. WESTERN EMPIRE.
EASTERN EMPIRE. LOMBARDS.

Rome was first governed by kings, who ruled for a period of 243 years.
It afterwards became a commonwealth, which existed under consuls 479
years. The Roman empire commonly dates from 31 b.c, the vear
in which was fought the battle of Actium, which gave to Augustus
(the title afterwards conferred by the senate upon Octavius Caosarj
the 8Ui)reme power.

liOMK.

Kings ok IIomk.

716.
715.

rt40.
GIC.

BEFOKE ClIRI.-iT.

Iiomulus, murdered by the senators,
i'atius, K. of the Cures, removeil

In Rome in 747, and ruled jointly

with Romulus six years.
Interregnum.
Xuma I'ompilius, son-in-law of Tatius

the .Sabine, elected ; d. at the ajre

of «!'. ^

TuUus liostilius; murdered by his

successor.
Ancus Martins, grandson of Numa.
Tnrqninius I'risciis. son nf Dcuiiirn-

tus, a Corinthian emigrant, chosen

king.
."»7:>. Servius TuUius, a manumitted slave.

w. the king's dau., and succ. by

the united suffrages of tho nrm>

and the people.
.J34. Tarquinius Superbus, grandson of

Tarquinius Prisons ; assass. his

fathor-in-law, and usurps the

throne.
510. The rape of Lncretia, by Soxtus, son

of Tarquin, leads to the abolition

nf rovaltv, and tlie ««stnl>lishmcnt

of a nrpilblir.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Roman Republic.

First Period. — From the expulsion of :
Tarquin to the dictatorship of Sulla or
Sylla 510 to 82 b.c. |

Second Period. — From Sj'lla to Augus-
tus 82 to 31 B.C. During the Republic ,
the chief magistrates were the Consuls,
who were elected annually. Their
powers being limited, Diutatoks were
occasionally appointed to meet emer-
gencies which required an absolute
ruler. A dictatorsliip could not be
lawfully held longer than six months,
and this rule apjjears to have been
adhered to except in the instances
of Sylla and Julius Caesar. During a

dictatorship the Consuls remained in
office but were subordinated to the Dic-
tator.

Consuls continued to be elected after
the establishment of the Empire, but
they then became of comparatively
minor importance, the suj^reme pmvcr
being exercised by the Emjjer^rs.

It will be seen that durin^; the Re-
public, the supreme government was
occasionally placed in the hands of
CoNSULAit Tkibunes, Decemvirs, and
Triumvirs, but these departures from
the regular course of government were
only temporary.

Consuls, Dictator,s, &c., of Rome.

509. Conx. L. Junius Brutus. </.

L. Tarquinius Collatinus, abcL
Sp. Lucretius Tricipitinus, rf.
M. Horatius Pulvillus.
P. Valerius Poplicola.
.")08. Cons. P. Valerius Poplicola
time).
T. Lucretius Tricipitinus.
507. Cons. P. Valerius Poplicola
time).
M. Horatius Pulvillns
time).
506. Cons. Sp. Lartius Flavus, or Rufiis.

T. Herminius Aquilinus.
505. Cons. M. Valerius Volusus.

P. Postumius Tubertus.
504. Cons. P.ValeriusPopUcola(4thtime).
T. Lucretius Tricipitinus (2nd
time).
50.3. Cons. P. Postumius Tul)ertus (2nd
time).
Agrippa Menenius Lanatus.
502. Cons. Opiter Virginius Tricostus.

Sp. Cassius Viscellinus.
501. Cons. Postumius Cominius Auruucus.
T. Lartius Flavus. or Rufus.
made Diet.
500. Cons. Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Cor-
nutus.
M. Tullius Longus, (/.
T. iEbutius Elva.
P. Veturius Geminus Cicurinus.
T. Lartius Flavus, or Rufus

(2nd time).
Q. Cloolius (Volcula) Siculus.
A. Postumius Albus Regillensis.
A. Sempronius Atratimis.
M. Minucius Augurinus.
496. Co7is. A. Postumius Albus Regillensis.
T. Vn-ginius Tricostus Cadio-
montanus.

4i).-). Cons

494. Co

(2nd

49;'

Diet.
. Cons

(.Srd

(2nd

492

. Cons

fus.

491

( 'ons.

i 4«9.
4^S.

m\

499.

Cons.

498.

Cons.

497.

Diet.
Cons.

tonx

< 'o//.s

Com
(.'ons

485. C

484.

Cons.

483.

Cons

482.

Cons

481

Cons

Ap. Claudius Sabinus Regil-
lensis.
P. Servilius Priscus Structus.
A. Virginius Tricostus Caelio-

montanus.
T. Verturius Geminus Cicurinus.
M. Valerius Volusus Maximus.
Sp. Cassius Viscellinus (2nd

time).
Postumus Cominius Auruncns

(2nd time).
T. Geganius Macerinus.
P. ilinucius Augm-inus.
;M. Minucius Augurinus (2nd

time).
A. Sempronius Attratinus (2iul

time).
1^. Sulpicius Camerinus Cor-

niitus.
Sp. Lartius Flavus or llnfiis

(2nd time).
C. Julius Julus.
P. Pinai'ius Mamercinus RuFu.-t.
Hp. Nautius Rutilus.
Sex. Furius Medallinus Fnsus.
T. Sicinius Sabinus.
(J. Aquilius Tuscus.
Proculus Virginius Tiieostus

Rutilus.
Sp. Cassius Viscellinus (2nd

time).
Ser. Cornelius Cossus Melugi-

nensis.
Q. Fabius Vibulanus.
L. .ffimilius Mamercus.
K. Fabius Vibulanus.
M. Fabius Vibulaniis.
L. Valerius Potitus.
C. Julius Julus (2nd time).
Q. Fabius Vibulanus (2nd time).
K. Fabius Vibulanus (2nd time).
Sp. Furius Medullinus Fusus.

38

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

4>>0. Cons. L'n. Maulius Ciuciimatus.

M. Fabius Vibulanus (2nd
time).
+79. Conn. K. Fabius Vibulanus (3rd time).
T. Vir;,'iniu8 Tricostus Rutilus.
478. Cons. h. .Smilius Mamercus (2nd
time).
C. Servilius Structus Ahala,r/.
Opiter Virginius Tricostus Es-
quilinus.
477. Cons. C. Horatius Pulvillus.
T. Menenius Lanatus.
476. Cons A. Virginius Tricostus Rutilus.
Sp. Servilius Priseus Structus.
475. Cons. P. Valerius Poplicola.

C. Xautius Rutilus.
474. Cons. A. Manlius Vulso.

L. Furius Medullinus Fusus.
473. Cons. L. ^Emilius Mamercus (3rd
time).
Vopiscus Julius Julus.
472. Cons. L. Pinarius Mamercinus Rufus.

P. Furius Medullinus Fusus.
471. Cons. Ap. Claudius Sabinus Regil-
lensis.
T. Quinctius Capitolinus Bar-
batus.
470. Cons. L. Valerius Potitus (2nd time).

Ti. .ffimilius Mamercus.
4()9. Cons. A. Virgins Tricostus C'lolio-
montanus.
T. Xumicius Priscue.
4H8 fens. 'V. Quinctius Capitolinus Bar-
batus (2nd time),
y. Servilius Priseus Structus
(2nd time).

467. Cons. Ti. iEmilius Mamercus (2nd

time).
Q. Fabius Vibulanus.
4t!6. ( 'ons. Sp. Postiunius Albus Regillcn-
sis.
Q. Servilius Priseus Stnictus
(2nd time).
465. Cous. Q. Fabius Vibulanus (2nd time).
T. Quinctius Capitolinus Bar-

batus (3rd time).
A. Postumius Albus Regillensis.
Sp. Furius Medullinus Fusus.
P. Servilius Priseus Structus.
L. ^butius Elva.
L. Lucretius Tricipitinus.
T. Veturius Geminus Cicurinus.
P. Volumnius Amintinus Gallus.
Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Cor-
nutus.

460. Cons. C. Claudius Sabinus Regillensis.
P. Valerius Poplicola, d. (2nd

time).
L. Quinctius Cincinnatus.
459. Cons. Q. Fabius Vibulanus (3rd time).
L. Cornelius Maluginensis.

468. Cons. L. Minucius Esquillinus Augu-

rinus.
C. Xautius Rutilus (2nd time).
Diet. L. Quinctius Cincinnatus.

464.

Cons.

463.

Cons

462.

Cons

461.

Cons.

457. Cons. C.Horatius Pulvillus (2nd time).
Q. Minucius Esquillinas Augu-
rinus.
456. Cons. M. Valerius (Lactuca) Mazi-
mus.
Sp. Virginius Tricostus Caelio-
montanus.
455. Cons. T. Romilius Rocus Vaticanus.

C. Veturius Geminus Cicurinus.
4o4. Cons. Sp. Tarpeius Montanus Capi-
tolinus.
A. Aternius Vai-us Fontinalis.
453. Cons. Sex. Quinctilius Varus.

P. Curiatius Festus Trigeminus.
462. Cons. P. Sestius Capitolinus Vati-
canus.
T. Menenius Lanatus.
451. Cons. Ap. Claudius Crassinus Regil-
lensis Sabmus (2nd time),
abcl.
T. Genucius Augurinus, abd,
Dccemin'ri —

Ap. Claudius Crassinus Regil-
lensis Sabinus.
T. Genucius Angurinus.
Sp. Veturius Crassus Cicurinus
C. Julius Julus.
A. Manlius Vulso.
Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Cor-

nutus.
P. Sestius Capitolinus Vati-
canus.
P. Curiatius Festus Trigeminus.
T. Romilius Rocus Vaticanus.
Sp. Postumius Albus Regil-
lensis.
450. Decemviri —

Ap. Claudius Crassinus Regil-
lensis Sabinus (2nd time).
M. Cornelius Maluginensis.
L. Sergius Esquilinus.
L. Minucius Esquilinus Augu-
rinus.
T. Antonius Merenda.
Q. Fabius Vil)ulanus.
Q. Poetilius Libo Visolus.
K. Duilius Longus.
Sp. Oppius Cornicen.
M. Rabulcius.
449. Cons. L. Valerius Poplicola Potitus.

M. Horatius Barbatus.
448. Cons. Lar. Herminius Aquilinus (Con-
tinisanus).
T. Virginius Tricostus Ca-lio-
montanus.
447. Cons. M. Geganius Macerinus.

C. Julius Julus.
446. Cons. T. Quinctius Capitolinus Bar-
batus (4th time).
Agrippa Furius Medullinu*
Fusus.
445. Cons. M. Genucius Augurinus.

C. Curtius Philo.
444. Cons. L. Papirius Mugillanns.
L. Sempronius Atrntinus.

THE BOOK OK DIGNITIES.

:{9

t-13. Cuns. M. (ieganius Macerinus (2nd
time).
T. Quinctius Capitolinus Bar-
batus (oth time).
442. (^ns. M. Fabius Vibulanus.

Po.stumiifs ^biitius Elva Cor-
nicen.
441. Cons. C. Furius Pacilus Fusiis.

!M. Papivius Crassus.
440. Cons. Proculus Geganius Maceriniia.

L. Menenius Lanatns.
4;)9. Cons. T. Quinctius Capitolinus Bar-
batus (6th time).
Agrippa ^Nlenenius Lanatus.
Diet. L. Quinctius Gincinnatus (2n(l
time).
438. 3 Military Tribunes with con-

sular power.
437. Cons. M. Geganius Macerinus (3rd
time).
L. Sergius (Fidcnas).
Diet. Mam. ^milius Mamercinus.
436. Cons. M. Cornelius IMeluginensis.

L. Papirius Crassus.
435. Cons. C. Julius Julus (2nd time).
L. Virginius Tricostus.
Dicf. Q. Servilius Priscus Structus
(Fidenas).
434. 3 Mil. Tri.

433. 3 do.

Diet. Mam. ^milius Mamercinus
(2nd time).
432. 3 Mil. Tri.

431. Cons. T. Quinctius Pennus Gincin-
natus.
C. Julius Mento.
Diet. A. Postumius Tubertus.
430. Cons. C. Papirius Crassus.

L. Jiilius Juhis.
429. Cons. L. Sergius Fidenas (2nd time).
Hostus Liicretius Tricipitinus.
428. Cons. A. Cornelius Cossus.

T. Quinctius Pennus Gincin-
natus (2nd time).
427. Cons. C. Servilius Structus Ahala.

L. Papirius Mugillanus (2nd
time).
426. 4 Mil. Tri.

Diet. 51am. ^milius Mamercinus
(3rd time).
425. 4 Mil: Tri.

424. 4 do.

423. Cons. G. Sempronius Atratinus.

Q. Fabius Vibulanus.
422. 4 Mil. Tri.

421. Cons. X. Fabius Vibulanus.

T. Quinctius Capitolinus Bar-
batus.
420. 4 Mil. Tri.

419. 4 do.

418. 3 do.

Diet. Q. Servilius Priscus Fidenas
(2nd time).
417. 4 Mil. Tri.

416. 4 do.

415.

4 Mil. Tri.

414.

4 do.

413.

Cons

A. Cornelius Cossus.
L. Furius Medullinus.

412.

Cons

Q. Fabius Vibiilanus Ambustu.s
G. Furius Pacilus.

411.

Cons

M. Papirius Mugillanus.
C. Nautius Rutilus.

410.

Cons

M. iEmilius Mamercinus.
C. Valerius Potitus Volusus.

409.
408.

Cons.

Cn. Cornelius Cossus.

L. Furius Modullinus (2iid

time).
3 Mil. Tri.

Dirt.

P. Cornelius Rutilus Cossus.

407.

4 Mil. Tri.

407.
406.

4 Mil. Tri.
4 do.

405.

(! do.

404.

6 do.

403.

6 do.

402.

6 do.

401.

6 do.

400.

6 do.

:',9y.

6 do.

398.

6 do.

397.

6 do.

396.

6 do.

Diet.

M. Furius Gamillus.

395.
394.

6 Mil. Tri.
6 do.

393.

Cons.

L. Valerius Potitus, ahd.

P. Cornelius Maluginensis Cos-
sus, abd.

L. Lucretius Flavus (Tricipi-
tinus).

Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus.

392.

Cons

L. Valerius Potitus.
M. Manlius Capitolinus.

391.

6 Mil. Tri.

390.

6 do.

Did.

M. Furius Caniillus (2nd time).

389.

6 Mil. Tri.

Dirt.

M. Furivis Caniillus (I'.rd time).

388.

6 Mil. Tri.

;;s7.

6 do.

386.

6 do.

385.

6 do.

Dirt.

A. Cornelius Cossus.

384.

6 Mil. Tri.

383.

6 do.

382.

6 do.

381.

6 do.

380.

6 do.

Diet

T. Quinctius Gincinnatus Gapi
tolinus.

379.

6 Mil. Tri.

378.

6 do.

377.

6 do.

376.

6 do.

375

to 371

. C. Licinius and L. Su.ctius re-
elected Tribunes every year
and prevented the eleoiion of
the Consular Tribune B-

370

6 Mil. Tri.

369

6 do.

40

TJIE ROOK OK DKiXITIKS.

367.
366.

365.
364.
363.

361.
360.

358.
357.

355.
354.

Diet.

Diet.
Cons.

Cons.
Cons.
Cons.

Dirt.
Cons.

Diet.
Cons.

Diet.

Cons.

Diet.
Cons.

Cons.

Diet.

Cons.

Diet.
Cons.

Cons.

353. Cons

352.

Diet,
('ons.

Dirt.
< 'o)is.

Din.
( 'ons.

I>irl.

• ; Mil. Tii.

."M. Furius Camillus (4tb time).

P. Manlius Capitolinu.s.

6 Mil. Tri.

M. Furius Camillus (5th time).

L. ^milius 3Iamerciiius.

L. Sextius Sextinus Latera-

nns.
L. Genucius Aventincnsis.
Q. Servilius Ahala.
C. Sulpicius Peticus.
C. Licinius Calvus Stolo.
Cn. Genucius Aventinensis.
L. .^milius Mamercinus (2nd

time).
L. Manlius Capitolinus Im-

periosus.
Q. Serviliu.s Ahala (2nd time).
L. Genucius Aventinensis (2nd

time).
Ap. Claudius Crassinus Regil-

Icnsis.
C. Sulpicius Peticus (2nd time).
C. Licinius Calvus Stolo (2nd

time).
T. Quinctius Pennus Capitolinus

Crispinus.
C. Poetelius Libo Yisolus.
M. Fabius Ambustus.
Q. Servilius Ahala.
M. Popilius La-nas.
Cn. Manlius Capitolinus

periosus.
C. Fabius Ambustus.
C. Plautius Proculus.
C. Sulpicius Peticus.
C. ilarcius Rutilus.
Cn. Manlius Capitolinus

periosus (2nd time).
M. Fabius Ambustus (2nd

time).
M. I'opilius Lsenas (2nd time).
C. Martins Rutilus.
C. Sulpicius Peticus (3rd time).
M. Valerius Poplicola.
M. Fabius Ambustus (3rd

time).
T. Quinctius Pennus Capitolinus

Crispinus.
C. Sulpicius Peticus (4th time).
M. Valerius Poplicola (2nd

time).
T. Manlius Imperiosus Tor-

quatus.
P. Valerius Poplicola.
C. .Marcius Rutilus (2nd time).
('. .lulius JuluB.
C. Sulpicius l\>ticuK (5th

time).
'!'. t^uinctius Pennus Capitolinus

Crispinus (2nd time).
M. Fabius .Vmbubtus.
M. Popilius Licnas (3rd time).
I^. Cornelius Scipio.
Tj. Furius Camillus.

344.

Diet.
(. 'ons

343.

Dirt.
Cons.

342.

Cons.

:?41.

Did.

Cons.

Im-

Im-

34y. Cons. L. Furius Camillus.

Ap. Claudius Crassinus Kcgil-
lensis, d.
Diet. T. Manlius Imperiosus Torqua-
tus (2nd time).
348. Cons. M. Valerius Corvua.

M. Popilius La^nas (4th time).
Diet. C. Claudius Crassinus Re^il-
leusis.
347. Cons. T. Manlius Imperiosus Tor
quatus.
C. Plautius Venue Hypsaus.
346. Cons. M. Valerius Corvus (2nd
time).
C. Poetelius Libo Visolus.
345. Cons M. Fabius Dorso.

Ser. Sulpicius Camerinus Rufus.
L. Furius Camillus (2nd time).
C. Marcius Rutilus (3rd time).
T. Manlius Imperiosus Tor-

quatus (2nd lime).
P. Valerius Poplicola.
M. Valerius Corvus (3rd time).
A. Cornelius Cossns Arvina.
C. ISIarcius Rutilus (4th time).
Q. Servilius Ahala.
:M. Valerius Corvus.
C. Plautius Venno Hypsa^us

(2nd time).
L. ^Tilmilius Mamercinus Pri-
vernas.
340. Cons. T. Manlius Imperiosus Tor-
quatus (3rd time).
P. Decius Mus.
Diet. L. Papirius Crassus.
339. Cons. Ti. iEmilius Mamercinus.
Q. Publilius Philo.
Diet. Q. Publilius Philo.
338. Cons. L. Furius Camillus.

G. Majnius.
337. Cons. C. Sulpicius Longus
P. .ffilius Partus.
Din. C. Claudius Crassinus Regil-
lensis.
336. Cons. L. Papirius Crassus.

K. Duilius.
335. Cons. M. Valerius Corvus (Calenus)
(4th time).
M. AtiliusRegulus.
Din. L. .ffimilius Mamercinus Pri-
vernas.
334. Cons. T. Veturius Calvinus.

Sp. Postumius Albinus (Cau-
I dinus).

I Diet. P. Cornelius Rufinus.

I 333. f'oH.s-. L. Papirius Cursor.
I (.'. Poetelius Libo Visolus (2ntl

I time).

332. Cons. A. Cornelius Cossus Arvina
(2nd time).
Cn. Homitius Calvinus.
Din. M. Papirius Crassus.
831. Cons. M. Claudius .Marcellus.

C. Valerius Potitus Flncous.
Diet. Cn. (Juintilius Varus.

UK I'AXJK OF ])I(J\IT]E>

41

mo. Cons.
329. Cons.

:'>26. Cuns.

327. Cons.

Dirt.
82fi. Cons.

Diet.
324.

323. Cons.

322. Cuns.

Dirt.
;J21. r^io.s-.

Dirt.

320. ('0//.V.

Dirt.

319. ron.s\

318. t'o«*'.

317. Co«.s.

316. Cons.

Diet.

315. Cons.

Diet.
31 4. Cons.

Diet.
313. Cons.

Diet.
311. Cons.

310. Cons.

L. Papirius Cnissus (2nd time)

L. Plautius Veiino.

L. .ffimilius Mamerciuus Pri-

vernas (2nd time).
C. Plautius Deciamis.
C. Plautius Deeianus (Venox)

(2nd time).
P. Cornelius Sciijio Bailiatus.
L. Cornelius Lentiilus.
Q. Publilius Philo (2nd time).
M. Claudius Marcellus.

C. Poetelius Libo Visohis (8rd
time).

L. Papirius Mugillanus (Cur-
sor) (2nd time).
L. Furius Camillas (2u(l time).

D. .Junius Brutus Sc;ova.
L. Papirius Cursor.

Diet, continued -without any

Consuls.
C. Sulpicius Longus (2nd time).
Q. Auliiis Cerretanus.
Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus.
L. Fulvius Curvus.
A. Cornelius Cossus Arvina.
T. Yeturius Calvinus (2ud time).
Sp. Postumius Albinus (2nd

time).
Q. Fabius Ambustus.
M. JSmilius Papus.
Q. Publilius Philo (3rd timej.
L. Papirius Cursor (3rd time).
C. Maenius.

L. Cornelius Lentulus.
T. Manlius Imperiosus Tor-

quatus.
L. Papirius Cursor (Mugilla-
nus) (3rd time).
Q. xVulius Cerretanus (2nd time).
M. Foslius Flaccinator.
L. Plautius Venno.
C. Junius Bubulcus Brutus.
Q. .S^milius Barbula.
Sp. Nautius Rutilus.
M. Popilius Lcenas.
L. .ffimilius Mamercinus Pri-

vernas (2nd time).
Q. Publilius Philo (ith time).
L. Papirius Cursor (4th time).
Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus.
M. Poetelius Libo.
C. Sulpicius Longus (3rd time).
C. Maenius (2nd time).
L. Papirius Cursor (5th time).
C. Junius Bubulcus Brutus

(2nd time).
M. Valerius Maximus.
P. Decius Mus.
C. Sulpicius Longus.
C. Junius Bubulcus Brutus (3rd

time).
Q. iEmilius Barbula (2nd time).
Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus

(2nd time).
C. Marcius Rutilus (Censorinus).

309.
308.

Dirt.

Cons.

307.

Cons.

30(;.

( 'ons

.30.-..

Dirt.
( 'ons.

304.

( '(ins

303.

Cons

300.
299.

JJirt.

Din.

( 'ons.
< 'ons.

298. r

29(].

295.

294.

293.

292.

: 291.

' 290.
289.
288.
287.

28G.

( 'ons
( 'ons.

( 'ons.
( 'ons.
('o)is,

Cons.

( 'ons.

Cuns.

Cons.

Cons.

Diet.
Cons.

Xo Con.suls.

L. Papirius Cursor (2nd time).

Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus

(3rd time).
P. Decius Mus (2nd time).
Ap. Claudius Ca3cus.
L. Volumnius Flamma Violens.
P. Cornelius Arvina.
Q. Marcius Tremulus.
P. Cornelius Scipio Barbatus.
L. Postumius Magellus.
Ti. Minucius Augurinus, r/.
M. Fulvius Corvus Putinus.
P. Sulpicius Saverrio.
P. Sempronius Sophias.
L. Genucius Aventinensis.
Ser. Cornelius Lentulus (Ru-

finus).
M. Livius Denter.
M. ^milius Paullus.

C. Junius Bubulcus Briitus.
Xo Consuls.

Q. Fabius Maximus Riillianus

(2nd time).
]M. Valerius Corvus (2nd time).
(j. Appuleius Pansa.
M. Valerius Corvus (ath time).
M. Fulvius Pffitinus.
T. Manlius Torquatus, d.
M. Valerius Corvus ((!th time).
L. Cornelius Scipio.
Cn. Fulvius Maximus Ccntu-

malus.
Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus

(4th time).
P. Decius Mus (4th time).
L. Volumnius Flamma Violens

(2nd time).
Ap. Claudius Caucus (2nd time).
Q. Fabius Maximus Rullianus

(5th time).
P. Decius Mus (4th time).
L. Postumius Magellus (2nd

time).
M. Atilius Regulus.
L. Papirius Cursor.
Sp. Carvilius Maximus.
Q. Fabius Jlaximus Gurges.

D. Junius Brutus Scajva.

L. Postumius 31agellus (3rd

time).
C. Junius Bnitus Bubulcus.
P. Cornelius Rufinus.
M. Curius Dentatus.
M. Valerius Maximus Corvinus.
Q. Caedicius Xoctua.
Q. Marcius Tremulus (2ud time).
P. Cornelius Arvina (2nd time).
M. Claudius Marcellus.
C. Nautius Rutihis.
M. Valerius Maximus Potitus.
C. .^lius P»tus.
Q. Hortensius.
C. Claudius Canina.
M. .ffimilius Lepidus.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

'2ii4. Cuns.

283. Cons.

2!52. Cons.

I'SI. Com.

280. Cms.
Dirt.

'-'7!i. Cons.

278. Con.«(.

277. ( 'ou.s.

27(>. ^'OM.9.

Dk/.

275.

(,'on.s-.

274.

( 'ons.

27:1

Cons.

272.

Cons.

271.

Cons.

•-'70.

( 'ons.

2(i'J.

( 'mis.

2l!8.

Cons.

2(57.

Cons.

2<;(;.

Cons.

2(;,"..

Cons.

204.

( ons.

L'C.It.

Cons.

Diet.

202.

( 'ons.

261.

Cons.

200.

(hn.t.

C. Sjcrviliiis Tucca.
L. Casciliiis Metellus Denta.
P. Cornelius Dolabella Maximu,s.
Cn. Domitius Calvimi.s Maxi-

mus.
('. Faljiicius Luscinu.s.
(). MmilhiH Papus.
li. ^milius Barbula.
Q. Marcius Philippu.s.
P. Valerius Lajvinus.
Ti. Coruncanius.
Cn. Domitius Calvinus Maxi-

uuis.
P. Sulpicius Saverrio.
P. Deciu.s Mus.
C. B'abrieiu.s Luscinus (2ncl

time).
Q. iEmiliu.s Papus (2nd time).
P. Cornelius Rulinus (2n(l

time).
C. Junius Brutus Bubulcus

(2nd time).
Q. Fabius JIaximus Gurjfes

(2nd time).
C. Genucius Clepsina.
P. Cornelius Rutinus.
M. Curius Dentatus (2nd time).
L. Cornelius Lentulus.
M. Curius Dentatus (8rd time).
Ser. Cornelius Mcrcnda.
C. Claudius Canina (2nd time).
C. Fabius Dorso Licinus, d.
C. Fabricius Luscinus (8rd

time).
L. Papirius Cursor (2nd time).
Sp. Carvillius Maximus (2nd

time).
C. Quinctius Claudus.
L. Genucius Clepsina.
C. Genucius Clepsina (2nd

time).
Cn. Cornelius Blasio.
(}. ()f,nilnius Gallus

C. Fabius Pictor.

Ap. Claudius Crassus Ilufus.
P. Hempronius Sophus.
M. Atilius llegulus.
L. Julius Libo.
N. Fabius Pictor.

D. .Junius Pcra.

Q. Fabius Maximus Gurj>:os

(3rd time).
L. Mamilius Vitulus.
Ap. Claudius Caudox.
'M. Fulvius FlaccuH.
M. Valerius MaximuB (Mossahi).
M. Otacilius Crassus.
Cn. Fulvius Maximus Centu-

nialuH.
L. PostumiuB (Ma^cllus).
Q. Mamilius Vitulus.
L. Valerius Flaccus.
T. Otacilius Crassus.
Cn. Ci)rnolius Scipio Asina.
C. Duilius.

'.-)3.

Cons.

.V2.

( 'ons.

ul.

( 'ons

no.

( 'ons.

4!).

Cons.

Diet.

'48.

(^ons.

25!). Cons. Li. Cornelius Scipio.
C. Aquilius Florus.
258. Cons. A. Atilius Calatinus.

C. Suljiicius Paterculus.
257. Cons. C. Atilius Rej^ulus (Serranus).
Cn. Cornelius Blasio (2nd time).
Dirt. Q. Ogulnius Gallus.
25(i. Cons. L. Manlius Vulso Longus.
(l C;edi(ius. f/.

M. Atilius RoKulus (2nd time).
255. Cons. Ser. Fulvius Pa'tinus Xobilior.

M. j'Emilius Paullus.
254. Cons. Cn. Cornelius Scipio Asina (2nd

time).
A. Atilius Calatinus (2nd time).
Cn. Servilius Ciepio.
C. Sempronius Blaesus.
C. Aurelius Cotta.
P. Servilius Gominus.
L. Caecilius Motellus.
C. Furius Pacilus.
C. Atilius Uegulus (Serranus)

(2nd time).
L. Manlius Vulso (Longus)

(2nd time).
P. Claudius Pulcher.
L. Junius Pullus.
M. Claudius Glicia, ahd.
A. Atilius Calatinus.
C. Aurelius Cotta (2nd time).
P. Servilius Geminus (2nd

time).
247. Cons. L. Cascilius Metellus (2nd

time).
X. Fabius Buteo.
240. Cons. M. Otacilius Crassus (2nd

time).
]M. Fabius Licinus.
Dirt. Ti. Coruncanius.
JI. B'abius Buteo.
C. Atilius Bulbus.
A. Manlius Torquatus Atticus.
C. Semjjronius Blnesus (2nd

time).
C. Fundanius Fundulus.
C. Sulpicius Gallus.
C. Lutatius Catulus.
A. Postumius Albinus.
A. Manlius Torquatus Atticus

(2nd time).
Q. Lutatius Corco.
C. Claudius Centho.
^1. Sem))ronius Tuditanus.
C. Mamilius Turrinus.
Q. Valerius Falto.
Ti. Sempronius Gracchus.
P. Valerius Falto.
L. Cornelius Lentulus Chu-

dinus.
Q. Fulvius Flaccus.
230. Cons. P. Cornelius Lentulus Cau-

dinus.
C. Lieinius Varus.
235. Cons. T. ManliuB Torquatus.

C. Atilius Bulbus (2nd time).

245.

( ons.

244.

( 'ons.

243.

( 'ons.

242.

Cons.

241.

Cons.

240.

Cons.

239.

Cons.

238.

Cons.

237.

Cons.

THE B<"X)K (»F DIGNITIES.

43

234.

Cons.

233.

Cons.

232.

Cons.

231.

Cons.

230.

Diet.

Cons.

229.

Cons.

228.

Cons.

227.

Cons.

226.

Cons.

225.

Cons.

224.

Cons.

223.

Diet.

Cons.

222.

Cons.

'^21

Cons.

Diet.

220.

Cons.

2iy.

Cons.

218.

Cons.

217.

Cons.

Diet.

216. Cons.

Diet.
215. Cons.

214. Cons^

L. Postuuiius AlbinuH.

Sp. Carvilius Maximus.

Q. Fabius Maximus Verru-
cosus.

M. Pomponius Matho.

M. ^milius Lepidus.

M. Publicius Malleolus.

M. Pomponius Matho.

C. Papirius Maso.

C. Duilius.

M. iEmilius Barbula.

M. Junius Pera.

L. Postumius Albinus (2nd
time).

Cn. Fulvius Centumahis.

Sp. Carvilius Maximus (2nd
time.

Q. Fabius Maximus Verrucosus
(2nd time).

P. Valerius Flaccus.

M. Atilius Regulus.

M. Valerius Messala.

L. Apustius Fullo.

L. ^milius Papus.

C. Atilius Regulus, d.

T. ManliuR Torqiiatus (2nd
time).

Q. Fulvius Flaccus (2nd time).

L. Caecilius Metellus.

C. Flaminius.

P. Fnrius Phil us.

Cn. Cornelius Scipio Calvus.

M. Claudius Marcellus.

P. Cornelius Scipio Asina.

jM. Minucius Rufus.

Q. Fabius Maximus Verru-
cosus.

L. Veturius Philo.

C. Lutatius Catulus.

M. Livius Salinator.

L. .ffimilius PauUus.

P. Cornelius Scipio.

Ti. Sempronius Longus.

Cn. Servilius Geminus.

C. Flaminius (2nd time), (/.

M. Atilius Regulus (2nd time).

Q. Fabius Maximus Verru-
cosus (2nd time).

L. Veturius Philo.

C. Terentius Varro.

L. ^milius Paullus (2nd
time), d.

M. Junius Pera.

M. Fabius Buteo.

Ti. Sempronius Gracchus.

L. Postumius Albinus (3rd
time), d.

M. Claudius Marcellus (2nd
time), abd.

Q. Fabius Maximus Verru-
cosus (3rd time).

Q. Fabius Maximus Verru-
cosus (4th time).

M. Claudius Marcellus (3rd
time).

212.

Dirt.

■Cons.

211.

Cons.

210.

Cons.

20!).

Dirt.
Cons.

218. Cons. Q. Fabius Maximus.

Ti. Sempronius Gracchus (2iid

time).
C. Claudius Ceutho.
Q. Fulvius Flaccus (3rd time).
Ap. Claudius Pulcher.
Cn. Fulvius Centumalus.
P. Sul25icius Galba Maximus.
M. Claudius Marcellus (4th

time).
M. Valerius Ljevinus.
Q. Fulvius Flaccus.
Q. Fulvius Flaccus (4th time).
Q. Fabius Maximus Verru-
cosus (5th time).
208. Cons. M. Claudius Marcellus (5th

time), d.
T. Quinctius (Pennus Capitoli-

nus) Crispinus, d.
T. Maulius Torquatus.
C. Claudius Nero.
M. Livius Salinator (2nd time).
M. Livius Salinator.
L. Veturius Philo.
Q. Caacilius Metellus.
P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus.
P. Licinius Crassus Dives.
Q. Caecilius Metellus.
i\I. Cornelius Cethegus.
P. Sempronius Tuditanus.
Cn. Servilius Ca3pio.
C. Servilius.

P. Sulpicius Galba Maximus.
M. Servilius Pulex Gominus.
Ti. Claudius Nero.
C. Servilius.
Cn. Cornelius Lentulus.
P. -SElius Paatus.
P. Sulpicius Galba Maximus

(2nd time).
C. Aurelius Cotta.
L. Cornelius Lentulus.
P. Villius Tappulus.
Sex. .ffilius Pwtus Catus.
T. Quinctius Flamininus.
C. Cornelius Cethegus.
Q. Mincius Rufus.
L. Furius Purpureo.
Q. Claudius Marcellus.
L. Valerius Flaccus.
M. Porcius Cato.
P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus

(2nd time).
Ti. Sempronius Longus.
L. Cornelius Merula.
Q. Minucius Thermus.
L. Quinctius Flamininus.
Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus.
L. Cornelius Scipio Nasica.
M. Acilius Glabrio.
L. Cornelius Scipio Asiati-

cus.
C. Laelius.
189. Cons. M. Fulvius Nobilior.
Cn. Manlius Vulso.

207.

Diet.

Cons.

206.

Dirt.

( 'ons.

205.

Cons.

204.

Din.
( '(ins.

203.

(Jons.

202.

Diet.

Cms.

201.

Did.

Cans.

200.

Cons.

199.

Cons.

198.

Cons.

197.

Cons.

19(3.

Cons.

195.

Cons.

194.

Cons.

193.

Cons.

192.

Cons.

191.

Cons.

190.

Cons.

THK r.ooK (»K DIUN'ITIEf

44

18t>. Cons. M. Valerius Messalit.

C. Liviua Salinator.
187. Cons. M. Gemilius Lepidus.

C. Flaminius.
186. Cons. Sp. Postumius Albinus.

Q. Marcius Philippus.
185. Cotus. Ap. Claudius Pulcher.

M. Sempronius Tuditanus.
184. Con.<!. P. Claudius Pulcher.

L. Porcius Licinus.
183. Cons. M. Claudius Marcellus.

Q. Fabius Labeo.
182. Cons. Cn. Brebius Tamphilus.

L. ^Emilius Paullus.
181. Cons. P. Cornelius Cethegus.

M. Ba'bius Tamphilus.
180. Cons. A. Postumius Albinus.

C. Calpurnius Piso. (/.

Q. Fulvius Flaccus.
171). Cons. JIanlius Acidinus Fulvianus.

Q. Fulvius Flaccus (2nd time).
178. Von.<t. M. Junius Brutus.

A. Manlius Vulso.
177. Cons. C. Claudius Pulcher.

Ti. Sempronius Gracchus.

170. Cons. Q. Petilius Spurinus, d.

Cn. Cornelius Scipio Ilispallus.

d.
C. Valerius Laevinus.
175. Cons. P. Mucius Scjevola.

^I. .^milius Lepidus (2nd
time).
174. Cons. Sp. Postumius Albinus Paullu-
lus.
Q. Mucins Sca^vola.
173. Cons. L. Postumius Albinus.

M. Popillius La;nas.
172. Cons. C. Popillius Lamas.
P. .Silius Ligus.

171. Cons. P. Licinius Crassus.

C. C:issius Longinus.
170. Cons. A. Hostilius Mancinus.

A. Atilius Serranns.
ir.9. Cons. Q. Marcius Philippus (2nd
time).

Cn. Servilius Cwpio.
1(J8. Cons. L. A^milius Paullus (2nd time).

C. Licinius Crassus.
167. Cons. y. iElius Partus.

M. Junius Pennus.
IOC. Cons. M. Claudius Marcellus.

C. Sulpicius Gallus.
1G5. Cons. T. Manlius Torquatus.

Cn. Octavius.
104. Cons. A. Manlius Torquatus.

Q. Cassino Longinus, d.
K;;}. Cons. Ti. Sempronius Gracchus (2nd
time).

M. Juvcntius Thalna.
102. Cons. P. Cornelius Scipio Xasica. a W.

C. Marcius Figulus, ahd.

P. Cornelius Lentulus.

Cn. Domitius Ah<'nubarbu8.
101. ('tins. M. Valerius Messala.

C. l''annius Strabo.

100. Cons. L. Anicius Gallus.

M. Cornelius Cethegus.
159. Cons. Cn. Cornelius Dolabella.

M. Fulvius Xolilior.
l.">8. Cons. M. .Smilius Lepidus.

C. Popillius La-nas (2nd time).
157. Cons. Sex. Julius Ca;sar.

L. Aurelitis Orestes.
150. Cons. L. Cornelius Lentulus Lupus.

C. Marcius Figulus (2nd time).
155. Cons. P. Cornelius Scipio Xasica (2nd
time).

M. Claudius Marcellus (2nd
time).
154. r„iis. Q. opimius.

L. Postumius Albinus. d.

M. Acilius Glabrio.

Q. Fulvius Nobilior.

T. Annius Luscus.

M. Claudius Marcellus (:'.rd
time).

L. Valerius Flaccus, d.

L. Licinius Lucullus.

A. Postumius Albinus.

T. Quinctius Flamininus.

M. Acilius Balbus.

L. Marcius Censorinus.

M. Manilius.

Sp. Postunius Albinus Magnus.

L. Calpurnus Piso Ca-soninus.

P. Cornelius Soi])io Africanus
.SImilianus.

C. Livius Drusus.
Cn. Cornelius Lentulus.
L. Mummius Achaicus.
Q. Fabius ^Maximus .Umilia-

nus.
L. Hostilius Mancinus.
Ser. Sulpicius Galba.
L. Aurelius Cotta.
Ap. Claudius Pulcher.
Q. Ca'cilius Metellus fMace-

donicus).
L. Ca?cilius Metellus Calvus.
Q. Fabius Maximus Servilianus.
Cn. Servilius Ctepio.
Q. Pompeius.
L. Liclius Sapiens.
Q. Servilius Ca»pio.
Cn. Calpurnius Piso.
M. PojMllius La?na8.
P. Cornelius Scipio Xasica

Serapio.

D. Junius Brutus (Callaicus).
M. iEmilius Lepidus Porcinu.
C. Hostilius Mancinus, nhd.
L. Furius Philus.
Sex. Atilius Serranus.
Ser. Fulvius Flaccus.
Q. Calpurnius Piso.
P. Cornelius Siipio Africanus

.Similianus (2nd time).
C. Fulvius Flaccus.
1H;{. Cons. P. Mucius Scmvola.

L. Cal])uruius Piso Frugi.

1.53.

( 'ons.

1.52.

Cons.

151.

Cons.

150.

Cons.

149.

Con.1.

148.

Cons.

147.

Cons.

140.

Cons.

145.

<\>IIS.

144.

( 'ons.

143.

Cons.

142.

Cons.

141.

Cotis.

140.

(.'ons.

139.

Cons.

138.

Cons.

137.

Cons.

186

Cons.

135

Cons.

134

Cons.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

45

132.

Conn.

131.

Cons.

130.

Cons.

129.

Cons.

128.

Cons.

127.

Cons.

120.

Cons.

125.

Cons.

124.

Cons.

123.

Cons.

122.

Cons.

121

Cons

120.

Cons.

110.

Cons.

118.

Cons.

117.

Cons.

IIG.

Cons.

115.

Cons.

114.

Cons.

113.

Cons.

112.

Cons.

111.

Cons.

110.

Cons.

109.

Cons.

107.
106.
105.
104.

Cons.
Cons.
Cons.

Co7}S.

P. Popillius Lsenas.

P. Rupilius.

P. Licinius Crassus Mucianus.

L. Valerius Flaccus.

C. Claudius Pulcher Lentulus.

M. Paperna.

C. Sempronius Tuditanus.

M. Aquillius.

On. Octavius.

T. Annius Luscus Rufus.

L. Cassius Longinus Ravilla.

L. Cornelius Cinua.

M. .ffimilius Lepidus.

L. Aurelius Orestes.

M. Plautius Hypsaous.

31. Fulvius Flaccus.

C. Cassius Longinus.

('. Sextius Calviuus.

Q. Cascilius Metellus (Ballari-

cus).
T. Quinctius Flamininus.
Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus.
C. Fannius Strabo.
L. Opimius.
Q. Fabius Maximus (Allobro-

gicus).
P. Manilius.
C. Papirius Carbu.
L. Cascilius Metellus (Dalnia-

ticus).
L. Aurelius Cotta.
M. Porcius Cato, d.
Q. Marcius Rex.
P. Caecilius Metellus Diade-

matus.
y. Mucius Sc;evoIa.
C. Licinius Geta.
Q. Fabius Maximus Eburuus.
M. .^milius Scaurus.
M. Csecilius Metellus.
M. Acilius Balbus.
C. Porcius Cato.
C. Csecilius Metellus Capra-

rius.
Cn. Papirius Carbo.
M. Livius Drusus.
L. Calpurnius Piso Caasoninus.
P. Cornelius Scipio Nasica, d.
L. Calpurnius Bestia.
M. Minucius Rufus.
Sp. Postumius Albinus.
Q. Cajcilius Metellus (Numi-

dicus).
M. Julius Silanus.
Ser. Sulpicius Galba.
L. Hortensius, d.
M. Aurelius Scarus,
L. Cassius Longinus, d.
C. Marius.
C. Atilius Serranus.
Q. Servilius Caepio.
P. Rutilius Rufus.
Cn. Mallius Maximus.
C. Marius (2nd time).
('. Flavius Fimbria.

C. Marius (3rd time).

L. Aurelius Orestes, d.

C. Miirius (4tli time).

Q. Lutatius Catulus.

C. Marius (5th time).

M. Aquilius.

C. Marius (6tli time).

L. Valerius Flaccus.

M. Antonius.

A. Postumius Albinus.

Q. Ciccilius Metellus Nepos.

T. Didius.

Cn. Cornelius Lentulus.

P. Licinius Crassus.

Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus.

C. Cassius Longinus.

L. Licinius Crassus.

Q. Mucius Sca3vola.

C. Ccelius Caldus.

L. Domitius Ahenobarbus.

C. Valerius Flaccus.

M. Herennius.

C. Claudius Pulcher.

M. Perperna.

L. Marcius Philippus.

Sex. Julius Cajsar.

L. Julius Caesar.

P. Rutilius Lupus, d.

Cn. Pompeius Strabo.

L. Porcius Cato, d.

L. Cornelius Sulla (Felix).

Q. Pompeius Rufus, d.

Cn. Octavius, d.

L. Cornelius Cinna. abd.

L. Cornelius Merula, (/.

L. Cornelius Cinna (2nd time).

C. Marius (7th time), d.

L. Valerius Flaccus (2nd time).

L. Cornelius Cinna (3rd time).

Cn. Papirius Carbo.

Cn. Papii-ius Carbo (2nd time).

L. Cornelius Cinna (4th time), d.

L. Cornelius Scipio Asiaticus.

L. Norbanus Balbus.

C. Marius, d.

Cn. Papirius Carbo (3rd time),
d.

L. Cornelius Sulla Felix.

M. Tullius Decula.

Cn. Cornelius Dolabella.

Sulla continues Ijicf.
80. Cons. L. Cornelius Sulla Felix (2nd
time).

y. Csecilius Metellus Pius.

Sulla continues Dirf. as well as
Cons.
79. Co7is. P. ServiUus Vatia (^^Isauricusj.

Ap. Claudius Pulcher.
78. Co7is. M. .fflmilius Lepidus.

Q. Lutatius Catulus.
77. Cons. D. Junius Brutus.

Mam. .^milius Lepidus Livia-
nus.
76. < 'otis. Cn. Octavius.

L. Scribonius Curio.

103.

Cons

102.

Cons

101.

Cons.

100.

Cons.

99.

Cons.

98.

Cons.

97.

Cons.

96.

Cons.

95.

Cons.

94.

Cons.

93.

Cons.

92.

Cons.

91.

Cons

90.

Cons.

89.

Cons.

88.

Cons.

87.

Cons

85.

Cons

84.

Cons.

S3.

Cons

82.

Cons.

Diet.

81.

Cons.

46

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

75.

Cons.

L. Octavius.

C. Aurelius Cotta.

48.

Cons.

74.

Cons.

L. Licinius LucuUus.
M. Aurelius Cotta.

47

Diet.
Cons.

73.

Cons.

M. Terontius Varro Lncullus.

C. Cassius Varus.

46.

Con.-!.

72.

Cons.

L. Gellius Poplicola.

Cn. Cornelius Lcntulus Clo-

45.

Dirt.

dianus.

Cons.

71.

Cons.

P. Cornelius Lcntulus Sura.
Cn. Aufidius Orestes.

70.

Cons.

Cn. Pompeius Magnus.
Licinius Crassus Dives.

69.

Cons.

Q. Hortensius.

Q. Caecilius Metellus (Creticus).

44.

Diet.

08.

Cons.

L. Caecilius Metellus. d.
Q. Marcius Rex.

Cons.

67.

Cons.

C. Calpurnius Piso.
M. Acilius Glabrio.

66.

Cons.

M. ^milius Lepidus.
L. Volcatius TuUus.

43.

Cons.

65.

Cons.

P. Cornelius Sulla, did not act.
P. Autronius Pfetus, did not act.
Ij. Aurelius Cotta.
L. Manlius Torquatus.

64.

Cons.

L. Julius Ciosar.
C. Marcius Figulus.

2nd

63.

C071S.

M. Tullius Cicero.

C. Antonius.

42.

Cons.

62.

Cons.

D. Junius Silanus.

L Licinius Murena.

41.

Cons.

61.

Cons.

M. Pupius Piso Calpurnianus.
M. Valerius Messala Niger.

60.

Cons.
1st 1

Ij. Afranius.

Q. CiL'cilius Metellus Color.
riumvirate : — Caesar, Pompeius,
and Crassus.

40.

Cojis.

69.

Cons.

C. Julius Ca3sar.

M. Calpurnius Bibulus.

39.

( ons.

58.

Cons.

L. Calpurnius Piso Caesoninus.

A. Gabinius.

38.

Cons.

57.

Cons.

P. Cornelius Lentuhis Spinther.

Q. Caicilius Metellus Nepcs.

:!7.

Cons

56.

Cons

Cn. Cornelius Lentulus Marcel-

linus.
L. Marcius Philippus.

55.

Cons

Cn. Pompeius I^Iagnus (2nd

time).
M. Licinius Crassus (2nd time).

36.

Cons

54.

Cons

L. Domitius Ahenobarbus.
Ap. Claudius Pulcher.

53

Cons

Cn. Domitius Calvinus.
M. Valerius Messala.

52.

Cons

Cn. Pompeius :Maguus (3rd
time).

Q. Ciucilius Metellus Pius

35,

< 'iins.

Scipio.

51

Cons

Ser. Sulpicius Rufus.
M. Claudius Marcellus.

34.

Cons.

50

Cons

L. ^milius Paullus.
C. Claudius Marcellus.

49

Cons

Jjirt

C. Claudius Marcellus (2nd

time).
L. Cornelius Lentulus Crus.
C. Julius Caesar.

. C. Julius Caisar (2nd time).
P. Serviliua Vatia Isauricus.
. C. Julius Ca?sar (2nd time).
. Q. Fufius Calenus.

P. Vatinius.
. C. Julius Cajsar C3rd time).
M. iEmilius Lepidus.
C. Julius Caesar (3rd time).
. C. Julius Ca'sar (4th time);
made Cons, for 10 years and
Diet, for life.
Q. Fabiup Maximus, d.
C. Caninius Rebilus.
C. Trebonius.

C. Julius Caesar (4th time).
. C. Julius C<-fisar (5th time) :
assass. 15th March.
M. Antonius.
P. Cornelius Dolabella.
. C. Vibius Pansa, d.
A. Hirtius, d.
G. Julius Ca'sar Octavianus

(aft. emp. Augustus), ahd.
C. Carrinas.
Q. Pedius, d.
P. Vcntidius.

Triumvirate : — Octavianus, An-
tonius, and Lepidus.
. L. Munatius Plancus.

M. .ffimilius Lepidus (2nd time).
. L. Antonius Pittas.
P. Servilius Vatia Isauricus
(2nd time).
. Cn. Domitius Calvinus (2nd
time), ahd.
C. Asinius Pollio.
L. Cornelius Balbus.
P. Canidius Crassus.
. L. Marcius Censorinus.

C. Calvicius Sabinus.
. Ap. Claudius Pulcher.
C. Norbanus Flaccus.
. M. Agrippa.
L. Caninius Gallus, abd.
T. Statilius Taurus.
Renewal of the Triumvirate
for another period of 5
years.
. L. Gellius Poplicola, add.
M, Cocceius Nerva, abd.
L. Munatius Plancus (2ad

time).
C. Sulpicius Quirinus.
Lepidus ceases to be one of tho
Triumvirs.
. L. Cornificius.
Sex. Pompeius.
. L. Scribonius Libo.
il. Antonius. abd.
L. Sempronius Atratinus.
Paullus iEuiilius Lepidus (from

July).
C. Mommius (from July).
M. Horennius Picens (from
Nov.;.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

47

33. Cons. C. Julius Ciesar Octavianus (2nd

time), ahd.
L. "Volcatius Tullus.
P. Autronius Pa3tus.
L. Flavius (from May).
C. Fonteius Capito (from

July).
M. Acilius (Aviola) (from

July).
L. Vinucius (from Sept.).
L. Laronius (from Oct.).
32. Cons. Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus.
C. Sosius.

L. Cornelius (from July).
N. Valerius (from Nov.).
31. Cons. C. Julius Caesar Octavianus (3rd

time).
M. Valerius Messala Corvinus.
M. Titius (from May).
Cn. Pompeius (from Oct.).

30. Cows. C.Julius Caesar Octavianus (4th
time).
M. Licinius Crassus.
C. Antistius Vetus (from

July).
M. TuUius Cicero (from Sept.).
L. Saenius (from Nov.).
29. Cons. C. Julius Cresar Octavianus (5th
time).
Sex. Appuleius.
Potitus Valerius Messala (from

July).
C. Furnius (from Nov.).
C. Cluvius (from Nov.).
28. Cons. C. Julius Cffisar Octavianus
(Gth time).
M. Agrippa (2nd time).
27. Cons. C. Julius Caesar Octavianus
(7th time).
M. Agrippa (3rd time).

Emperors of Rome.

B.t.

31.

A.D.
14.

37.

117.
138.
161.

193.

Octavianus Caesar; in the year 27
B.C. styled Augustus Imperator.

Tiberius (Claudius Nero).

Caius Caligula ; murdered by a tri-
bune.

Claudius (Tiber. Drusus) ; poisoned
by his wife Agrippina, to make
way for

Claudius Nero, dep. ; put himself to
death.
Servius Sulpicius Galba ; slain l)y
the praetorian band.

M. Salvius Otho ; stabbed himself,
after a reign of three months.
Aulus Vitellius ; dep. by Vespasian,

and put to death.
Titus Flavius Vaspasian.
Titus (Vespasian), son.
Titus Flavius Domitian, brother of
Titus, last of the 12 Caesars;
assass.

Cocceius Nerva.

Trajan (M. Ulpius Ciinitus).

Adrian or Hadrian (Publius .ffilins).

Antoninus Titus, surn. Pius.

Marcus Aurelius, and Lucius Verus,
his son-in-law ; the latter (/. 169.

Commodus (L. Aurelius Antoninus),
son; poisoned by his favourite
mistress, Martia.

Publius Helvius Pertinax; put to
death by the praetorian band.

Four emperors now start up ; Didius
Julianus, at Rome ; Pescennius Ni-
ger, in Syria ; Lucius Septimius
Severus, in Pannonia ; and Clodius
AlbinuB, in Britain.

Luoins Septimius Sevorus ; d. at

York, in Britain, in 211 ; succ.
by his sons.
211. M. Aurelius Caracalla, and Septi-
mius Geta. Geta murdered the
same year by his brother, who
reigned alone until 217, when he
was slain by his successor.

217. M. Opilius Macrinus, praefect of the

guards ; beheaded in a mutiny.

218. Heliogabalus (M. Aurelius Anto-

ninus), a youth ; put to death by

his subjects.
222. Alexander Severus ; assass. by some

soldiers corrupted by Maximinus.
235. Caius Julius Verus Maximinus ;

assass. in his tent before the walls

of Aquileia.
237. M. Antonius Gordianus, and his son ;

the latter having been killed in

a battle with the partisans of

Maximinus, the father strangled

in a fit of despair, at Carthage,

in his 80th year.

237. Balbinus and Pupienus ; put to

death.

238. Gordianus junior, grandson of the

elder Gordianus, in his 16th year ;
assass. by the guards, at the in-
stigation of his succ.

244. Phillip, the Arabian ; assass. by his
own soldiers ; his son Philip was
murdered, at the same time, in his
mother's arms.

249. Metius Decius ; he perished, with
his two sons, and their army, in
an engagement with the Goths.

251. Gallus Hostilius, and his son Volu-
sianus ; both slain by the soldiery.

253. iffimilianus ; put to death after a
reign of only 4 months.

48

THE BOOK OF DK^NITIES.

276.
276.

282.
2H3.
284.
286.
305,

Valerianus, and his sou, Gallienub :
the first was taken prisoner by
Sapor, king of Persia, and flayed
alive.
Oallionus reigned alone.

About this time 80 pretenders to the
imperial power started up in diffe-
rent parts of the empire ; of these,
Cyriades was the first, but he was
slain.

Claudius II. (Gallienus having been
assass. by the oflScers of the
guards) succ ; d. of the plague.

(^hiintillus, his brother, elect, at
Home by the senate and troops :
Aurelian by the army in lUyri-
cum. Quintillus, despairing of
success against his rival, who was
marching against him, opened
his veins, and bled himself to
death.

Aurelian; assass. by his soldiers in
his march against Persia, Jan.
275.

Interregnum of about 9 months.

Tacitus, elect. Oct. 25 ; d. at Tarsus
in Cilicia, April 13, 276.

Florian, brother ; his title not recog-
nised by the senate.

M. Aurclius Probus ; assass. by his
troops at Sirmium.

M. Aurelius Carus ; killed at Ctesi-
phon by lightning.

Carinus and Xumerianus, sons ; both
assass. aft(>r transient reigns.

Diocletian ; who associated as his
colleague in the government

Hercules Maximianus ; the two em-
perors resign in favour of

Constantius Chlorus and Galerius
Maximianus ; the first d. at York,
in Britain, in 306, and the troops
saluted as emperor, his son

306. Consantine, aft. styled the (^reat ;
whilst at Rome the praetorian
band proclaimed

306. Maxentius. son of Hercules Maxi-
mianus. Besides these were

306. Hercules Maximianus, who endea-
voured to recover his abdicated
power.

306. Flavins Valerius Severus, murdered

by the last named jnetender, and

307. Flavins Valerianus Licinius, the

hrother-iu-law of Constantine.
Of these. Hercnles Maximianus was
strangled in Gaul in 310 ; Galeriu>
Maximianus d. 311: Maxentius
was drowned in the Tiber in
312 ; and Licinius was put to
death bv order of Constantine in
324.
324. Constantine the Great now reigned
alone ; d. Whitsundav, Mav 22,
337.

/Sons of Constan
tine, divided the
empire between
them ; the first
was slain in 340.
and the second
murdered in
350, when the
third became
sole emperor.
Julian, the apostate, so called for
abjuring Christianity, having been
educated for the priesthood ;
mortally wounded in a battle with
the Persians.
Jovian : reigned 8 months : found
dead in his bed; supposed to have
died from the fumes of charcoal.
The Roman Empire may be said to
have terminated here, as a single
dominion.

337.

361.

363.

^Constantine II.

.V Constans

i Constantius II.

DIVISION OF THE EASTERN AND WESTERN EMPIRE.

Western Empire.

Some writers date the Western Empire from the death of Theo.h»sius
the Great, January 17, 303; and as completed by Odoacer, on the
defeat of Orestes by that prince, on August 23, 470.

Emperors of the

34(!. Valentinian, son of Gratian, takes
the Western Empire, and his bro-
ther, Valens, ttie Eastern Empire.

.367. Gratian, son of Valentinian, made
a colleague in the government
by his father.

376. Valentinian II., another son, was, on
on the death of his father, asso-
ciated with his brother in the
«mpiro. Gratian ftssasH. by his
l^'encral. Andragathius. in 3H3 :

Western Empire.

Valentinian murdered by one of
his officers, Arbogastes, in 392.
392. Eugenius, an usurper, assumes the
imperial dignity ; he and Arbo-
gastes are defeated by Theodosius
the Groat, who bocomes solo em-
peror.
AndragathiuB throws himself into
the sea, and Arbogastes dies by
his own hand.
39^. Ilonorins, son of Theudosius, reigni,

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

40

on his father's death, in the West,
and his brother, Arcadius, in the
East. Honorius dies in 423.
Usurpation of John, the Notary,
who is defeated and slain, near
Ravenna.

425. Valentinian III. , son of the Empress
Phxcidia, dau. of Theodosius the
Great ; murdered at the instance
of his successor.

455. Maximus ; )ii. Eudoxia, widow of
Yalentniian, who. to avenjife the
death of her first husband and
the j(uilt of her second, invites
the African Vandals into Italy,
and Rome is sacked. Maximus
stoned to death.

450. Marcus Macilius Avitus, forced to
resign, and dies in his flight to-
wards the Alps.

457. Julius Valerius Majorianus; mur-
dered at the instance of his min-
ister Ricimer ; who raises

461. Libius Severus to the throne, but

holds the supi-eme power. Severus

is poisoned hy Ricimer.
465. Interregnum. Ricimer retains the

authority, without assuming the

title of emperor.
467. Anthemius. chosen by the joint

suiTrages of the senate and army ;

miu-dered by Ricimer, who dies

soon after.

472. Flavins Anicius Olybrius ; slain by

the Goths soon after his accession,

473. Glycerins ; forced to abd. by his

successor

474. Julius Nepos ; deposed by his gene-

ral, Oi'estes, and retires to Salonse.

475. Romulus Augustulus, son of Orestes.

Orestes is slain, and the emperor
deposed by

476. Odoacer, king of the Heruli, who

takes Rome, assumes the style of
king of Italy, and completes the
fall of the Western Empire.

Ancient Italy.

476.
493.
526.
534.
536.
540.
541.
541.
552.
553.

573.
575.

584.
590.
591.
615.

625.
636.
652.
653.

364.

Kings of Italy.

Odoacer, chief of the Heruli.

Theodoric, the Ostrogoth.

Athalaric.

Theodatns.

Vitiges.

Theodebald.

Araric.

Totila, or Badxiilla.

Teia, the last of the Goths.

Narses, duke or governor of Italy.

Narses was succ. bj' Longinus,
who made the chief towns of Italy
exarchates : he governed at Ra-
venna, which was afterwards
ruled by imperial lieutenants called
exarchs, until 752, when it was
reduced by the Lombards.

Alboinus, the Lombard.

Cleophis.

Interregnum of lOyears, during which
the Lombards were governed by
elective dukes.

Kings of the Lombards.

Autharis.

Romanus.

Agilulphus.

Adawaldus, with his mother, Theo-

dolinda.
Ariwaldus.

Rotharis, D. of Brescia.
Rodoaldus.
Aribert I.

661. Pertharitus ; dep.

661. Gondibert.

662. Grimoald.

671. Pertharitus, rest.
686. Cunibert, son.

700. Luitpert, or Leutbert.

701. Ragimbertus.
701. Aribert IL
712. Luitprandus.
744. Hildebrand.

744. Ratchis, D. of Friuli.

749. Astolphus.

756. Desiderius, or Didier.

In 774. Desiderius, the last of the
Lombards, was taken prisoner by
Charlemagne, :ind the kingdom of
Italy was united, first to France,
and afterwards to the empire,
until 888, when it was separated
from the latter, on the death of
Charles le Gros.

888. Berenger, D. of Friuli ; dep.

900. Louis, the blind.

905. Berenger, rest.

922. Rodolph, K. of Burgundy.

926. Hugh, count of Provence.

945. Lothaire.

950. Berenger II. ; dep.

962. The emperor Otho reduced Italy,
and re-rmited it to the German
empire.
The title of King of Italj- was re-
vived in 1805, and again in 1861.
See Modern Italij.

Eastern Empire.
Emperors of the Eastern Empire.
Valens, son of Gratian, takes the | tinian the Western, Empire ; de-

feated by the Goths and wounded
4

Eastern, and his brother Yalen-

50

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

379.

395.

408.

450.
457.
474.
474.

491.
518.
527.

565.

578.
582.

602.

610.
641.

641.
668.
685.

695.

698.
705.

711.
713

716.

718.

741,

776.
780.

in his retreat : his soldiers placed
him in a cabin, which the enemy
burnt, not knowing ho was there.

Theodosius the Great, becomes sole
emperor in 392 ; succ. by his sons

Arcadius in the East, and Honorius
in the West. Arcadius is succ. by

Theodosius II., son, under the guar-
dianship of his sister Pulcheria.

Marcianus.

Leo I., surn. the Thracian.

Leo II., the younger, grandson.

Zeno, the Isaurian, father, (having
man-ied Ariadne, daughter of Leo
I.) ; dep. but rest.

Anastatius I., the Silentiary.

Justin, the Thracian.

Justinian I., nephew; collector of
the body of laws called the Digest,
now the Paudictie Florentin(p,
and of the Novflhe ; and founder
of the magnificent church of St.
Sophia at Constantinople. The re-
nowned Belisarius was his general.

Justin II., nephew.

Tiberius II.

Maurice, the Cappadocian ; mur-
dered, with all his children, by
his successor.

Phocas, the Usurper, whose crimes
and cruelties led to his own assass.
in 610.

Heraclius, by whom Phocas was
dethr.

Constantine III. (Heraclius Constan-
tine), reigned a few months ;
poisoned by his step-mother,
Martina.

Constans II. ; assass. in a bath.

Constantine IV., Pogonatus.

Justinian II., son ; dethr. and muti-
lated by his succ.

Leontius ; dethr. and mutilated by
Tiberius A.spimiir.

Tiberius III. Aspimar.

Justinian II. rest. Leontius and
Tiberius degraded in the Hippo-
drome, and put to death. Justi-
nian slain in 711.

Phillippicus Bardanes; assass.

Anastatius II., tied on the election
of Theodosius in 716; aft. deli-
vered up to Leo III. and put to
death.

Theodosius III.

Leo III., the Isaurian.
In this reign (72(!) commences the
great Iconoclastic controversy;
the alternate prohibition and re-
storation of images involves the
peace of several reigns.

Constantino V. Copronymus, son.

Leo IV., son.

Constantino VI., and his mother
Irene.

790. Constantine, alone, by the desire of
the people, Irene having become
unpopular.

792. Irene. (i(//iiii, jointlj' with her son,
and aft. alone ; dep. and exiled.

802. Xicephorus I., sum. Logothetes ;
slain.

811. Staurachius ; reigns a few days
only.

811. Michael I., defeated in battle ; abd.
the throne, and retires to a monas-
tery.

813. Leo v., the Armenian; killed in
the temple at Constantinople on
Christmas-day. 820. by conspira-
tors in the interest of his succes-
sor.

820. ilichael H., the Stammerer.

829. Theophilus.

842. Michael III., surn. Porphyrogen-
netes, or the Sot, son, succ. under
the regency of his mother, Theo-
dora ; put to death by Basilius.

867. Basilius I., the Macedonian.

886. Leo VI.. styled the Philosopher.

911. Alexander, and Constantine VII.,
brother and son of Leo., the
latter only six years of age ; the
former dying in 912, Zee, mother
of Constantine. assumes the re-
gency.

919. Romanus Lecapenus usurps the im-

perial power.

920. Constantine VIIL. son.
928. Stephen and Christopher.

Five emperors now reign ; of these,
Christopher d. 931 ; Romanus is
exiled by his sons, Constantine
and Stephen, who are themselves
banished the next year.

945. Constantine VII. now leigns alone ;
poisoned by his daughter-in-law,
Theophania.

959. Romanus II.. son.

963. Nicephorus II., Phocas; in. Theo-
phania, his predecessor's consort,
who has him assassinated.

0G9. John I., Zemisces, celebrated gene-
ral, takes Basilius II. and Con-
stantine IX., sons of Romanus II.,
as colleagues ; John </. by poison,
and

975. Basilius II. and Constantine IX.
roign alone ; the former <i. in
1025 ; the latter in 102S.
1028. Romanus III., Argyropulus ; poi-
soned by his consort Zoe, who
raises
1034. Jlichael IV., the Paphlagonian, to
the tlni>nc ; on his death Zoo
))lacos

1041. Michael V.. surn. Calaphates, as his

succ; him she dethr., has his
eyes put out, and in.

1042. Constantino X., Monomnchus. who.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

and Zoe, reign jointly ; Zoe d.
1050.
1054. Theodora, widow of Constantine.

1056. Michael VI. , Stratiotic ; dep.

1057. Isaac I., Comnenus ; abd.
1059. Constantine XL, surn. Ducas.
1067. Eudocia, consort of the preceding,

and Romanus IV., surn. Dio-
genes, whom she marries ; reign
to the prejudice of Michael, Con-
stantine's son.

1071. Michael VII., Parapinaces, recovers
his throne, and reigns jointly with
Constantine XII.

1078. Nicephorus III. ; dethr. by

1081. Alexius I., Comnenus.

1118. John Comnenus, son, surn. Kalos ;
(/. of a wound from a poisoned
arrow.

1143. Manuel I., Comnenus, son.

1180. Alexius II., Comnenus, son, under
the regency of the empress Maria,
his mother.

1183. Andronicus I., Comnenus; causes
Alexius to be strangled, and
seizes the throne ; put to death
by

1185. Isaac II., Angelus Comnenus, who
is dep., imprisoned, and dep. of
his eyes by his brother.

1195. Alexius III., Angelus, called the
Tyrant ; this last dep. in his
turn, and his eyes put out ; d. in
a monastery.

1203. Isaac II., again, associated with

his son, Alexivis IV. ; dep.

Latin Emperors.

1204. Baldwin I., E. of Flanders, on the

capture of Constantinople by the
Latins, elected Emperor ; made a I

prisoner by the K. of Bulgaria,
and never heard of afterwards.

1206. Henry I., brother ; d. in 1217.

1217. Peter de Courtenay, brother-in-law.

1221. Robert de Courtenay, son.

1228. Baldwin II., brother, a minor, and
John de Briemie, of Jerusalem,
regent and associate emperor.

1261. Constantinople recovei'ed, and the
empire of the Franks or Latins
terminates.

Greek Empire at Nice.
1204. Theodore Lascaris.

1222. John Ducas, Vataces.
1255. Theodore Lascaris II., son.

1259. John Lascaris, and

1260. Michael VIIL, Palteologus.

Emperors at Constantinople.

1261. Michael VIIL, now at Constanti-

nople ; he puts out the eyes of
John, and reigns alone.

1282. Andronicus II., Palaeologus, the
Elder, son ; dep. by his grand-
son, Andronicus the Younger.

1332. Andronicus III., the Younger.

1341. John Palaeologus, under the guar-
dianship of John Cantacuzenus ;
the latter procl emp. at Adria-
nople.

1347. John Cantacuzenus.

1355. John Palaeologus, rest.

1391. Manuel Palaeologus, son.

1425. John Pala^ologxis II., son.

1448. Constantino XIII., Palajologus, son.

1453. Constantinople taken on May 29,
1453, by the Ottomans, under
their Sultan, Mahomet II. ; Con-
stantine is slain, and with him
ends the Eastern Empire.

MODERN ITALY.

The Kings of ancient Italy will be found in succession to the
Sovereigns of the Western Empire {ante p. 49). The Emperor Napoleon
I. of France revived the title of King of Italy in 1805, but it did not
long erdure, and is not now recognized. The modern Kingdom of
Italy dates from 1861, when Victor Emmanuel, King of Sardinia,
assumed the title.

Kings op Modern Italy.

1861. Victor Emmanuel II. (Victor Em- I 1878. Humbert I. (Humbert Reniere
manuel Mary Albert Eugene | Chas. Emmanuel John Mary

Ferdinand), K. of Sardinia, took I Ferd. Eugene), son, June 9.

the title of K. of Italy, Mch. 17. |

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

LUCCA.

Charlemagne having destroyed the empire of the Lombards, a.d. 774,
Lucca came into the possession of the Franks, and in two centuries
afterwards was annexed to Germany by Otto the Great. After many
sulisequeut revolutions it was sold to Florence, and in a short time it
obtained its complete freedom by purchase from the Emperor Charles
IV., and retained it until modern times.

Napoleon having conferred Piombino upon his sister Elizabeth and
her husband. Prince Bacciocchi, as an hereditary principality, the prince
was chosen, in 1805, constitutional chief of the republic of Lucca. In
1806, Massa, Carrara, and Garfagorano, were united to the principality
of Lucca. Finally, the congress of Vienna conferred Massa and Car-
rara upon the archduchess Beatrice d'Este ; Piombino upon Prince
Ludovisci Buoncampagni ; and the Duchy of Lucca, with an annual
pension of .£20,000 upon —

3Iaria Louisa, dau. of Charles IV.
of Spain, and widow of Louis,
K. of Etniria ; she d. March
13, 1824, and was succ. bj' her

1824. Charles Louis, duke, h. Dee. 22,
179'J ; //(. Aug. 1820. INIaria
Theresa, dau. of Victor Emmanuel
I. ,K. of Sardinia. Relimiuished
the dukedom. Oct. 1847.

On the death of Maria Louisa, widow of the Emperor Napoleon L, of
France, and duchess of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla (see Parma),
which took place Dec. 18, 1847, Charles Louis, Duke of Lucca, was
invested with the Government of the duchy of Parma, as had been
agreed upon by the treaty of Paris of June 10, 1817, and congress of
Frankfort, July 20, ]819; and, in conformity with the conditions of
succession arranged by these acts, and by the subsequent treaty of
Florence (Nov. 28, 1844), the duke Louis Charles resigned Lucca to the
grand-duke of Tuscany, Oct. 5, 1847.

MODENA. REGGIO. FERRARA.

Albert Azon, or Azzo IE. (great-grandson of Albert Azon I., who died
A.D. 964), espoused Cunegunda, daughter of Guelph II., count of Alt-
dorf and duke of Lower liavaria, and, dying in 1097, left two sons. Of
these, the elder, Guelph, inherited the states of Altdorf at the decease
of his uncle, Guelph, duke of Cai-inthia ; and from him sprang the
branch of Guelph-Este. Prom the second son, Fulke, emanated the
brunch of Fulke-Este. The illustrious house of Este governed as
Siy/iori of Ferrara in the 12th century ; and Modena, Reggio, and
Ferrara became ducal territories, by concession, partly of the emperor
and partly of the pope, in favour of Borso and Hercules d'Este, in
1452.

Sovereigns of Modena, &c.

SioNoui AND JlAKiiLKSbLis OK Kkkuaka. IIDG. SalinKuonii II.

10(j7. Eredoric I. Azzo VI., marc[. d'Este; to tho as-
Ill 8. Guy Salingucrra. cendnncy of whose house tho
lliiO. Taurello. Tarrclli afterwards gave way.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

53

1212 Aldovraudino.

1215 Azzo VII. d'Este.

1264' Obizzo II.

1293' Azzo VIII. d'Este.

1308^ Folco or Fulke d'Este.

r>- ij 1 On the death of Rinaldo
Kinalclo. .^33-. ^^^ Niccolo

Nkcolol 1 C?-^^^) 0^^""° '■^'^'^

alone.

1352. Aldovrandino II.

1361
1383,

Xiccolo II.

Alberto.
1393. Niccolo III.
1441. Lionello.

1450.

1471.
1505.
1534.
1559.
1597.

1628.
1629.
1658.
1662.
1694.
1737.
1780.

Dukes of Modena, &c.

Borso ; elevated by the emp. Frede-
rick II. and the pope, 1452, to the
dukedom of Modena and Reggio.

Ercole (Hercules) I.

Alfonso I.

Ercole (Hercules) II.

Alfonso II.

Ccxsar d'Este. This pr. obt. pos-
session of Modena as a fief of
the empire. Ferrara was at-
tached to the Church by Clement
VIII.

Alfonso III.

Francis I.

Alfonso IV.

Francis II.

Reginald.

Francis III.

Ercole (Hercules) III. This prince

1803.

1806.

acquired, in dowry with his con-
sort, the principalities of Massa
and Carrara. He was expelled
in 1796, and d. 1803, leaving an
only child and heiress

Maria Beatrix, duchess of Modena
and princess of Massa and Car-
rara.

She espoused the archd. Ferdinand
of Austria, and conferred the
dukedom upon her husband ; he
d. Dec. 24, 1086, and was succ.
in the dukedom by their son

Fi-ancis IV., duke ; the duchess, his
mother, retaining the principali-
ties.

Modena, which had been incorpora-
ted in 1797 with the Cisalpine Re-
public, and, in 1805, with the
kingdom of Italy founded by
Napoleon I., was rest, to Francis
IV. upon the dissolution of the
kingdom of Italy in 1814.
1829. Francis IV., now inherited Massa
and Carrara, on the death of his
mother, Maria Beatrix, Nov. 14.

Francis V., (Francis Ferdinand
Gemenien), son, Jan. 21 ; d. Nov.
20, 1875.

1846.

1860. United to the kingdom of Sardinia
by Decree, Mar. 18, and now
forms part of the kingdom of
Italy. See Modern Italy.

PAUMA. PLACENTIA, or PIACENZA, &c.

In 1346, Parma and Piacenza formed part of the territory of the counts
of Milan, and were subsequently in the possession of Louis XII. of
France ; but were ceded by his successor, Francis I,, under the league
of Cambray, to pope Julius IV., when they were attached to the domi-
nion of the Church. In 1545, pope Paul III. erected Parma and
Piacenza into a duchy, and conferred it upon his natural son, Peter
Louis Farnese .in whose family it continued for nearly two centuries.
The subsequent details are given below.

Dukes.

1545. Peter Louis Farnese, first D.
1547. Octavius Farnese.
1586. Alexander Farnese.

Ranntio I.

Edoard.

Ranutio II. ; Edoard,his eldest son,who
dying vitapatris, left a dau. , Eliza-
beth, who m. Philip V. of Spain.

Francis I.
1727. Antony.

Upon the extinction of the male

1592.
1622.
1646.

1694.

line of the old dukes, the duchy
devolved upon the grandson of
Edoard.

1731. Don Carlos, who, upon ascending
the throne of the Sicilies, ceded
the duchy to the house of Austria,
with whom it remained until the
treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, Oct.
18, 1748.

1749. Don Philip, brother of Don Carlos.

1765. Don Ferdinand.

54

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1803. The duchy now passed under the
dominion of France, and pr. Louis,
son of Ferdinand, became K. of
Etruria.

1814. Maria Louisa of Austria, vridow of
the emp. Napoleon I. She became
duchess of Panna, Piacenza, and
Guastalla ; d. Dec. 18, 1847.
Parma, &c.,were ^iven by the con-
vention of April 11, 1814, to the
arch-duchess ISIaria Louisa, ex-
empress of France. After her
death (Dec. 18, 1847) Charles
Louis, Duke of Lucca, -was given
the government of this duchj',
as had been arranged by the
Treaty of Paris, June 10, 1817,
and by the congress of Frankfort,
July 20, 1819 ; and comformably
with these acts, and with a subse-
quent Treaty (that of Frankfort,
Nov. 28, 1844), Charles Louis, of

Lncca relinquished that duchy to-
the grand-duke of Tuscany.

1847. Charles II. (Charles Louis de

Bourbon, D. of Lucca), succ. by
Manifesto, Dec. 20. 1847.

1848. Regency established Mar. 20., Prov.

govt, substituted Apr. 9. Charles
II. left the country Apr. 19, and
ahd. in favour of his son. Mar.
14, 1849.

1849. Charles III. (Ferd. Charles Joseph

Mary Victor Balthasar de Bour-
bon) Aug. 27.

1854. Robert I. (Robert Charles Louis
Maiy de Bourbon), son. Mar. 27,
a minor, his mother appointed
regent.

1860. Parma was annexed to Sardinia
by decree, Mar. 18, and now
forms part of the Kingdom of
Italy.
See Modern Italy.

SAVOY. SARDINIA.

Savoy, after various changes, was erected into a county in the beginnings
of the 11th century, and at the close of the 14th the governing count
obtained the title of duke. The Dukes of Savoy, who acquired Sicily
in 1713, exchanged it with Austria, in 1718, for Sardinia, and became
kings of Sardinia. This state became involved in the great war between
France and Austria, which closed with the treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
in 1748. After enjoying a long term of peace, it took part in the war
of the French revolution, and in 1798 the continental territories were
parcelled out into departments of the French empire, and were not
restored to the legitimate sovereign until the overthrow of Napoleon
in 1814. Genoa was added to Sardinia by the congress of Vienna in
1815. Savoy was ceded to France in 1860, and Sardinia became part
of the new kingdom of Italy in 1861.

Counts and Dukes op Savoy.

Counts of Mai iuknnk.
1020. Beroald, surn. the Sa.Kon.
1027. Humbert I., " with the White

Hands."
1048. Amadous I.. IjOiigtail.
1072. Humhort II. le Reufi,rce.

Counts of Savov,
1108. Amadous II.
1148. Huuil)cit 111., surn. the Saint.
1188. Thomas.
12.33. Amadous 111.
12ulJ. Boniface Rolando.
12(iJJ. Peter, or Charlemagne Ic Petit.
12()8. Philij).

1285. Amadous IV., styled the Groat.
1.32;i Edward.
1329. Aimon, styled the Peace-maker.

1343. Amadous V. (or VI.), the Green

Count.
1383. Amadeus VII., the Red Count.

1391.

1451,
14G5.
1472.
1482.
1489.
149G.
1497.
1504.
1.553.

Dukes of Savoy.

Amadeus VIII., sum. the Pacific,
D. in 1416. Elected pope in 1439,
as Felix. V., antipojw.

Louis.

Amadeus IX., sum. Benevolent.

Philibert, the Hunter.

Charles I., the Warrior.

Charles II.

Philip II., Sans Tene, or Lackland.

Philibert II., surn. the Beau.

Charles III., the Good.

Emmanuel Philibert, surn. the Iron-
hand.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

55

1580. Charles Emmanuel,

Great.
1630. Victor Amadeus I.

1637. Francis Hj^acinth.

1638. Charles Emmanuel n.
1675. Victor Amadeus 11.

styled the

1713. He obtained Sicily this year, and in
1718 exchanged it for Sardinia,
taking the title of king. Of
this dominion, Piedmont and
Savoy formed the continental
pai-t.

Kings of Sardinia.

1720.

17£0.
1773.
1792.
1796.

1802.
1805.

1814.
1814.

Victor Amadeus I., K. (II. as duke),
res. in 1730, in favour of his son ;
d. 1732.

Charles Emmanuel I. , son.

Victor Amadeus II.. son.

Savoy conquered by France.

Charles Emmanuel II.. son; res. in
favour of his brother.

Victor Emmanuel I.

Sardinia merged in the kingdom of
Italy, of which the emp. Napo-
leon I. was crowned king. May 26,
1805.

Savoy restored to Sardinia.

Victor Emmanuel, rest. Res. Mar.
1821 ; andf/. 1824. On his death
the eider branch of the House of

Savo}-, became extinct in the male
line.

1821. Charles Felix.

1831. Charles Albert, nephew. This prince
provoked a war with Austria,
was defeated in battle, and ahd.
in favour of his son. Mar. 23,
1849 ; d. July 28. 1849.

1849. Victor Emmanuel II. (Victor Em-
manuel Marv Albert Eugene Fer-
dinand), Mai-. 23.

1860. Savoy ceded to France under Ple-

biscite, Apr. 2;5.

1861. Victor Emmanuel assivmed the title

of K. of Italy, and his Sardinian
dominions were merged in that
Kingdom. Sfe Modern Italy.

SICILY. NAPLES. THE TWO SICILIES.

The Greek emperors, upon the expulsion of the Ostrogoths by Ben-
sarius in the 6th century, took possession of Lower Italy, and retained
it for more than 200 years. The duchy of Benevento (Naples), how-
ever, founded by the Lombards in the same century, attained such
importance and territorial extent that it possessed, within 120 years,
the greater part of the country now comprising the kingdom of Naples.
In the 9th century the Arabs conquered the island of Sicily, which was
wrested from them in the 11th century by count Roger I., who inherited
Naples from his elder brother, Robert Gruiscard, by whom it had been
acquired by conquest.

Kings of Sicily.

Counts and Dokes of Apulia.
1043. Wilham I., Bras de Fer, or

Arm.
1046. Drogo.
1051. Humfrey.

1054. Robert Guiscard, D. in 1060.
1085.

Counts and Kings of Sicily.
1072. Roger I. , count of Sicily.
1101. Roger II., son; obt. from pope

Honorius II., in 1130, the style of

" ki7ig of Sicily."
1154. William, surn. the Wicked.
1166. William H., surn. the Good.
1189. Tancred, count de Lecce'. grandson

of Roger II.
1194. William III., sou: dethr.

1194. Henry (Husband of Constantia, dau.
of William III.); emp.. as Henry
VI., 1190.

1197. Frederick I., son ; emp. in 1212, as
Frederick II.

1250. Conrad I., son; emp. as Com-ad
IV.

1254. Conrad II., or Conradin, son; dep.
in his minority by his uncle Man-
fred ; aft. beheaded.

1258. Manfred or Mainfroy. an usurper ;
slain in battle hj his successor.

1266. Charles of Anjou, youngest son of
Louis VIII. of France; dep. in
1282 by the bloody revolution
known as the " Si/ician Vespers."

1282. Sicily now separated from Naples ;
Charles of Anjou retaining the

50

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1282.

1285.

1295.
1296.
1337.
1342.
1355.
1377.

1391.
1402.
1409.

style of lord paramount of Naples,

and governing there.
Peter, the Great. K. of Arragon,

consort of Constantia, dau. of

Manfred, the Usurper.
James I. ; succ. to the kingdom of

Arragon as James II. in 1291.
Interregnum.
Frederick II.
Peter II.
Louis I.

Frederick III., sum. the Simple.
Mary. dau. of Frederick ; aft. jointly

with her consort.
Marj' and Martin, pr. of Arragon.
Martin, alone.
Martin, the Elder.

Sicily rsixED to Arhagox.
(^See Arragon.)

1410. Ferdinand. K. of Arragon.

1435. Alfonso. K. of Arragon.

1458. John. K. of Arragon.

1479. Ferdinand the Catholic.

In 1503 this prince took entire pos-
session of Naples, which he hai
previously seized, and divided it
with Louis XII. of France. Sicily
remained subject to the sove-
reigns of Spain until 1713.

1713. Victor Amadeus, D. of Savoy, obt.
the crown of Sicily from Spaia

1718. He exchanged Sicily with Aus;ria
for Sardinia, which became a
kingdom. Sff Naples and Sar-
dinia.

Kings of Naples.

1282. Charles of Anjou, lord paramount.

1285. Charles II., the Lame.

1309. Robert, the Wise.

1343. Joanna I. ; dethr. by her cousin

1382. Charles III., Durazzo.

1386. Ladislas, son, and father of

1414. Joanna II., or Janella. or Johan-

nilla, of Bourbon.
1435. Alfonso, the Wise ; Alfonso V. , as

K. of Arragon. Succ. by his

natural son
1458. Ferdinand I., the Bastard.

1494. Alfonso IL

1495. Ferdinand IL

1496. Frederick III. , son.

1501. Partitioned by France and Spain ;
but two years afterwards Ferdi-
nand the Cathohc became master
of the whole, and it I'emained
under the dominion of Spain until
1707.

1707. Charles, of Austria ; aft. the emp.
Charles VI.

1713. The possession of Naples confirmed

to Austria by the tieaty of
Utrecht.

1734. Sicily and Naples (the Two Sicilies),

lost to Austria, and became vested
in the royal family of Spain.

1735. Charles, son of Philip V. of Spain ;

he succeeded to his father's domi-
nions, and ceded the Two Sicilies
to his third son, Ferdinand.

1759. Ferdinand IV., ascended at eight
years of age ; dep. by the French
in 1798, and again in 1806. In the
latter year, the emperor Napoleon
I. placed his brother Joseph on the
throne of Najjles.

1806. Joseph Buonajiartc ; advanced in
1808 to the throne of Spain.

1808. Joachim Murat, brother-in-law to
Napoleon I., succ. as king.

1815. Ferdinand IV., restored.

It was now decreed that Naples
and Sicily should, as formerly,
be united in one monarchy, under
the designation of the •• Kingdom
of the Two Sicilies."

1815. Ferdinand I. (late IV.), king of the

Two Sicilies.
1825. Francis I., son, Jan. 24.
1830. Ferdinand II. (Ferdinand Charles),

Nov. 8.
1859. Francis II. (Francis Marv Leopold),

May 22.

Kings op the Two Sicilies
I860.

Annexed to the kingdom of Sardinia
by j)lel)iscite, Oct. 21; Victor
Euniianuel jtrocl. king, Nov. 7.
Now forms part of the kingdom
of Italy.

See Modi in Itali).

TUSCANY.

Tuscany became subject to Rome in the 5th century before the Chris-
tian era, aud was jiossessed by that empire for about 800 years. Tus-
cany was governed by a succession of marquesses or dukes Iroiu the

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES. 57

'9th. until the 13th century. The continual divisions by which the
country was agitated led to a change in the form of government, and
eventually to the ascendancy of the great family of the Medici as Grand
Dukes. The ancient name, Etruria, was revived for a time in 1801.

Marquesses or Dukes of Tuscany.

828.

Boniface I. , niarq.

1076.

847.

Adalbert L, D. and marq.

1119.

890.

Adalbert II., surn. the Rich,
marq.

D.

and

1119.
1131.

919.

Guy, D.

1133.

929.

Lambert, D.

1139.

931.

Boson, D.

1153.

936.

Hubert, D.

1195.

961.

Hugh, surn. the Great.

1001.

Adalbert III.

1208.

1014.

Rinaldo, D. and marq.

1027.

Boniface II., styled the Pi
and marq.

ous

, D.

1052.

Frederick.

1055.

Beatrice, and Godfrey the Be

arded.

Matilda, styled the Great, countess.

Ratbod, or Radboton.

Conrad, president and marq.

Rampret, president and marq.

Henry of Bavaria, count.

Ulderic, marq.

Guelph.

Philip, elected emp. in 1198 ; assass

at Bamberg in 1208.
Florence became a republic, gov.

chiefly by Signori, until 1531.

In that year Alexander de Medici

was appointed its chief, as

doge of Florence :

1537.

Grand Dukes of Tuscany.

1537.
1574.

1587.
1609.
1621.
1670.
1723.

1737,

House of Medici.

Cosmo de Medici, son of Alexander ;
cr. gr. d. in 1569 by pope Pius V.

Francis Mary, de Medici, son; to
whom the dignity of gr. d. was
confirmed by the emp. Maxi-
milian II.

Ferdinand I., de Medici.

Cosmo II., de Medici.

Ferdinand TI., de Medici.

Cosmo III., de Medici.

John Gastone de Medici ; last re-
presentative of the family. By
the treaty of peace in 1735 be-
tween France and Austria, the D.
of Lorraine was named to succeed
to the grand-duchy of Tuscany on
the death of John Gastone de
Medici, which took place in 1737 ;
and upon this arrangement being
effected, the duchy of Lorraine
lapsed to the French crown, sub-
ject to a life interest of Stanislas
Lezinski, ex-king of Poland.

House of Lorraine.

Francis II., D. of Lorraine, m.
Maria Theresa, emp. and Q. of
Hungary and IBohemia ; elected
emp. in 1745.

By a decree of this monarch it was

1790.
1801.

1814.
1824.

1859.
1860.

settled that in future the Grand
Duchy should be the patrimony
of a younger son of the Imperial
house ; the emp. was accordingly
succ. in 1765 by his second son.

Peter Leopold ; on the demise of his
brother, the emp. Joseph II., he
became emp. as Leopold II., and
was succ. as gr. d. by his youngest
son

Ferdinand III. ; dep. by the treaty
of Luneville, in 1801.

Louis, pr. of Parma, succ. by the
style of " King of Etruria," con-
formably with the above-men-
tioned treaty.

Charles Louis, his infant son, under
the regency of the Q., Maria
Louisa, his mother; afterwards
duchess of Parma. See Parma.

Tuscany united by the emp. Napo-
leon I. to the kingdom of Italy.

Ferdinand III., rest.

Leopold II. (Leopold John Joseph
Ferdinand Charles), June 18; abd

Ferdinand IV. (Ferdinand Salvator
Mary, &e.), son, July 21.

Tuscany imited to the kingdom of
Sardinia by decree. Mar. 22, and
now forms part of kingdom of
Italy. See Modern Italy.

58

THE BOOK OF DK;XITIES.

AUSTRIA.

Austria was part of the German empire. The mars^raves of Austria,
were established bj Charlemagae between 791 and 796, and were after-
wards declared princes of the empire. In 1156 the margravate was
made an hereditary duchj, which, in its turn, was, in 1453, raised to an
archduchy. The dukes of Germany were frequently elected emperors
of Germany, and at length, from 1493 to 1804, the imperial title was
hereditary in the Austrian line. In 1804 the emperor Francis II. of
Germany became emperor Francis I. of Austria only.

928. Leopold I.

1018. .Ubertl.

1056. Ernest.

1075. Leopold II.

Maegeaves of Austria.

1096. Leopold III.

1136. Albert II.

1136. Leopold lY.

1142. Henry II.. made a D. 1156.

Dukes of Austria.

115G. Henry II., above-named.

1177. Leopold V.

1194. Frederick I., the Catholic.

1198. Leopold VI., the Glorious.

1230. Fre.lerick III., the Warlike ; killed

in battle with the Hungarians,

15 June. 124G.

Interregnum.
1282. Albert I. and his brother Rodolph

Albert, elect, emp. of Germany,

1292.
1308. Frederick II.

1330. Albert II. and Otho, his brother.
1358. Rodolph.

1365. Albert III. and Leopold VII. ; killed

at Sempach.
1395. William and other brothers, and

their cousin, Albert IV.
1411. The same. The provinces divided

into the duchies of Austria and

Corinthia, and the county of

Tyrol.
1411. Albert V., D. of Austria, obtains

Bohemia and Moravia ; elect. K.

of Hungary and emp. of Grer-

mauy, 1437 ; d. 1439.
1439. Ladislaus, posthumous son; made

an archduke in 1453.

1453. Ladislaus, above-named

less, 1457.
1457. The emp. Frederick III. and Albert

VI.
1493. Maximilian I., son of the archduke

Archdukes of Austria
1. child-

Frederick III., emp. of Germany.
His descendants took the title of
emp. of Germany until 1804.
See •• Emperors of Gvrmnuij.''

Emperors of Austria.

1804. Francis I., late Francis II., emp. of
Germany, commenced his reign as
emp. of Austria only, Aug. 1 1 ;
d. Mar. 2, 1835.

1835. Ferdinand, son ; abd. in favour of
his nephew, Dec. 2, 1848.

1848. Francis Joseph (^Francis Joseph

Charles), 6. Aug. 18, 1830: came
to the throne on the abdication of
his uncle and the relimjuishment
of his right to the succession by
his father, archd. Francis Charles
Joseph, the prosiuiiptive heir.
Dee. 2, 1848.

BOHEMIA.

Bohemia had forrperly an elective government, but Ferdinand I.
declared it hereditary in the house of Austria in 1547 ; and the king-
dom may be said tu have remained since that time iu the undisturbed

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES. 5^

possession of that house. In the early part of the 17th century, the
Bohemians made an attempt to shake of the imperial yoke, and offered
the crown to the elector palatine Frederick, then the most powei'ful
Protestant prince in Germany ; but he was driven out of Bohemia by
the emperor's generals, stripped of his other dominions, and obliged to
depend on James I. of England, whose daughter Elizabeth he had
married, for a scanty subsistence.

Dukes and Kings of Bohemia.

Dukes.

1230. Wenceslas III.

890.

Borzivoi.

1253. Premislas II.

902.

Spitigneus I.

1278. Wenceslas IV.

907.

Wratislas I.

1305. Wenceslas V.

916.

Wenceslas I.

1306. Henry and Rodolph, of Hapsburg.

936.

Boleslas I.

1310. John, count of Luxemburg, brother

967.

Boleslas II. le Dehonnaire.

to the emperor.

999.

Boleslas III.

1346. Charles, son; elect, emp. in 1347.

1002.

Jaromir.

1378. Wenceslas VI., son; dep. as emp.

1012.

Udalric.

in 1400.

1037.

Bretislas I.

1419. Sigismund, emp.

1055.

Spitigneus II.

1437. Albert, D. of Austria and K. of Hun-

1061.

Wratislas II. ; the title of

king con-

gary, and emp.

ferred upon him by

the emp.

1440. Ladislas V.

Henry IV.

1458. George Podiebrad. the Protestant

1092.

Conrad I.

chief.

1093.

Bretislas II.

1471. Ladislas VL

1100.

Borzivoi II.

1516. Louis I. (Louis II. of Hungary) ;

1107.

Suatopluc.

killed at the battle of Mohatz.

1109.

Ladislas II.

1526. Ferdinand I. , who by his marriage

1125.

Sobieslas.

with Anne, sister of Louis, succ.

1140.

Ladislas III. ; 2nd king.

to the crown.

1174.

Sobielas II.
Frederic.
Conrad II.

1178.
1190.

F<ir the succeeding kings, see ^'' Emperors

1191.

Wenceslas II.

of Germaui/," and '^Emperors of Austria."

1193.

Henry Bretislas.

The crown of this kingdom having re-

1196.

Ladislas IV.

mained in the Austrian family from the
days of Ferdinand I. with a form of elec-

Kings.

tion on each vacancy, it was, in 1648. by

1197.

Premislas I. , styled the Victorius ;

the treaty of Westi^halia, secured to that

3rd king.

house in hereditary succession.

HUN(

3ARY.

Hungary was annexed to the German Empire under Charlemagne, but
it became an independent kingdom in the 10th cent ury.

Kings of Hungary.

997. Stephen, D. of Hungary ; he re-
ceived from the jjope the title
of Apostolic King, still borne by
the emperor of Austria, as K. of
Hungary.

1038. Peter, the German ; dep.

1041. Aba or Owen.

1044. Peter, again ; again dejj. and his
eyes piit out.

1047. Andrew L ; dep.

1061. Bela I. ; killed by the fall of a
ruinous tower.

1064. Salamon, son of Andrew.

1075. Geisa I., son of Bela.

1077. Ladislas I., surn. the Pious.

1095. Coloman, son of Geisa.

1114. Stephen, surn. Thunder.

1131. Bela II.

1141. Geisa IL

1161. Stephen III, son.

1174. Bela III., brother.

1196. Emeric, son.

1204. Ladislas II. , son ; reigned six months
only.

60

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1205.
1235.
1270.
1272.
1290.

1309.
1342.

1382.
1392.

1437.

1440.

1444.
1453.

1458.
1490.

1516.
1526.

Andrew II., son of Bcla III.

Bela IV.

Stephen IV., son. ]

Ladislas III., killed. I

Andrew III., surn. the Venetian, son !
of Rodolph of Hapsburg, emp. I
of Germany. |

Charobert or Charles Robert.

Louis the Great ; elect. K. of Po- '
land in i:570. I

Mary, called Kimj Mary, dau. of |
Louis the Great.

Mary and her consort Sigismund,
who became K. of Bohemia, and
was elected emp. of Germany in
1410.

Albert, D. of Aurtria, m. the dau.
of Sigismund, and succ. to the
thrones of Hungary, Bohemia,
and (iermany.

Ladislas IV., K. of Poland, of •which
kingdom he was Ladislas VI.

Interregnum.

Ladislas V., posthumus son of Al-
bert, under the guardianship of
the great Huniades ; poisoned.

Matthias Corvinus,son ot Huniades,
the late regent.

Ladislas VI. , K. of Bohemia ; the
emp. ^laximilian laid claim to
both Kingdoms.

Louis II. of Hungary (I. of Bohemia),
killed at the battle of Mohatz.

rjohn Zapolski, elect, by the Hun-
garians, and supported by the

J sultan Solyman, and

^ Ferdinand I., K. of Bohemia, bro.

I to the emp. Charles V. ; rival

L kings.

1561.
1573.
1609.

1619.
1625.
1647.

1655.

1687.
1711.

1740.

1790.
1792.

1835.

Ferdinand, alone; elect, emp. of

Gennany in 1558.
Maximilian, son ; emp. in 1564.
Rodolphus. son ; emp. in 1576.
Matthias H., brother; emp. in

1612.
Ferdinand II.. cousin, emp.
Ferdinand III., son ; emp. in 1637.
Ferdinand IV. ; d. 1654, 3 years

before his father.
Leopold I., son of Ferdinand III.;

emp. in 1658.
Joseph I., son ; emp. in 1705.
Charles (Charles VI. of Germany),

brother of Joseph, and nominal

K. of Spain.
Maria Theresa, dau., empress ; surv.

her consort, Francis I., emp., from

1765 until 1780. {See Germany.)
Joseph II., son, emp. in 1765 ; succ.

to Hungary on the death of his

mother.
Leopold 11. , brother, emp.
Francis I., son, Francis II. as emp.

of Germany ; in 1804 he became

emp. of Austria only.
Ferdinand V., son ; Ferdinand I. as

emp. of Austria.
This Emperor would have been Fer-
dinand IV. of Gennany, but for

the change of style in 1804; abd.
Francis Joseph, nephew ; Dec. 2.

For the last three centuries the succes-
sion of the kings of Hungary vai-ies little
from the succession of the emperors of
Germany and Austria, the crown having
continued in the house of Austria.

TRANSYLVANIA.

Teansylvania was a province of Austria. It was an independent prin-
cipality from 1526 to 1699, when it was again united to Austria, and
so remained until 1848, when it was joined to the kingdom of Hungary.

Princes of Transylvania.

1526. John Zapoly.

1540. John Sigismund.

1571. Stopiicn I., (Stephen Zapoly Bat-

hori).
1576. Christopher Bath.iri.
1581. Sigismund Bathori.
1602. Rodolph, (emj). of (Jerniany).
1605. Stcpiicn II., Bottskai.

1607. Sigismund Ragotski.

1608. Gabriel I.. Bathori.

161:J. Gabriel II., (Bcthlem Gabor).

1631. George I. Ragotski.

1648. George II., Ragotski.

1660. John Keuiin.

1662. Michael I., Abafli.

1690. Michael II., Abafli.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

61

GERMANY. CONFEDERATION OF THE RHINE. GER-
MANIC CONFEDERATION. NORTH GERMAN CON-
FEDERATION. SOUTH GERMAN STATES. GERMA.N
EMPIRE.

GERMANY.

Germany was anciently divided into several independent states. The
Germans withstood the attempts of the Romans to subdue them ; and
although that people conquered some parts of the country, they were
expelled before the close of the 3rd century. lu the 5th century the
might of the Huns and other nations prevailed over the greater portion
of Germany; it was not, however, totally reduced until Charlemagne
made himself master of the whole. This great prince took the title of
emperor, entailing the dignity of his family ; but after his race became
extinct in 911, the empire went to the Germans, and the title was after-
wards made elective. The house of Austria enjoyed the distinction
almost uninterruptedly from 1438 (when one of its princes was raised
to the imperial throne) until 1804. In that year Francis II. resigned
the honour and office of emperor of Germany, and became emperor of
Austria only; the latter title being hereditary.

Kings and Emperoes op Germany.

Caklovingian Race.
800. Charlemagne.

814. Louis /e Debonnaire, K. of France.
840. Lothaire, or Lother, son ; d. in a

monastery at Treves.
855. Louis II., son.
875. Charles II., called the Bald, K. of

France ; poisoned by his physician,

Zedechias.
877. Interregnum.
880. Charles III. , le Gros, crowned K. of

Italy ; dep.
887. Arnulf, or Arnoul, crowned emp. at

Rome in 896.
899. Louis III., called IV., the last of

the Carlovingian race in Germanj-.

Saxon Dynasty.
911. Otho, D. of Saxony, refused the

dignity on account of his age.
911. Conrad L, D. of Franconia.
918. Henry I. , surn. the Fowler, son of

Otho, D. of Saxony, King.
936. Otho I., son, styled the Great. Many

writers withhold the inperial title

from him until crowned by pope

John XII. in 962.
973. Otho II., the Bloody ; so stigmatised

for his cruelties ; wounded by a

jjoisoned arrow.
983. Otho III., son, surn. the Red, yet in

his minority ; poisoned.
1002. Henry II., D.' of Bavaria, surn. the

Holy, and the Lame.
1024. Conrad II., surn. the Salique.

1039. Henry III., the Black, son.

1056. Henry IV., son, a minor, under the-
regency of his mother Agnes ;
dep. by his son and successor.

1106. Henry v.", M.Maud or Matilda, dau..
of Henry I. of England.

1125. Lothaire II., surn. the Saxon.

1138. Interregnum.

1138. Conrad HI.. D. of Franconia.

1152. Frederick Barbarossa ; drowned by
his horse throwing him into the
river Salphet, or the Cydnus.

1190. Henry VI., son, surn. Asper, or the
Sharp ; this emperor detained
Richard I. of England a prisoner
in his dominions.

1198. Philip, brother ; assass. at Bamberg
by Otto, of Wittelsbach.

1208. Otho IV., sui-n. the Superb, recog-
nised as K. of Germany, and
crowned as emp. the next year;
excommunicated and deposed.

1212. Frederick II., K. of Sicily, son of
Henry VI. ; dep. by his subjects,
who elected Henry, landgrave of
Thuringia. Frederick d. 1250,
naming his son Conrad his suec.
but the pope gave the imperial
title to William, E. of Holland.

1250. Conrad IV., son.

From the death of Frederick II.
imtil the accession of Rodol23h, in
1273, the time that elapsed may
be regarded as an interregnum,
Conrad YV. being opposed ; one

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

piirty of the electors at Frank-
fort chose Richard, carl of Corn-
wall, brother of Heni-y III. of
England, and the other chose
Alphonsus, king of Castile. The
first lost tlie dignity, by attending
the civil wars of JEngland ; and
the last it by negligence ; so
neither is reckoned in the list of
emperors.

1250. William, E. of Holland; d. Dec.
1255. The electors could not
agree in the choice of a suc-
cessor.

1256. Interregmim.

Houses of Hapsbukg, Luxemburg,
AND Bavaria.
1273. Rodolph, count of Hapsburg, the
first of the xVustrian family.
The Hapsburg family was founded
in 1026, by Radboton, grandson
of Gontram, count of Brisgau,
and derived its name from the
castle of Hapsburg on the river
Aar, in Switzerland. This was
the cradle, as it were, of the house
of Austria. The male line of
Hapsburg became extinct in 1740,
in the person of Charles VI., after
giving twenty-two sovereigns to
Austria, sixteen em25erors to Ger-
many, eleven kings to Hungary
and Bohemia, and six to Spain.

1291. Interregmim.

1292. Adolphus, count of Nassau, to the

exclusion of Albert, son of Ro-
dolph, dep. ; slain at the battle
of Spires.

1298. Albert, D. of Austria, Rodolph's
son; killed Jiy his nephew at
Ilheinfels.

1308. Henry VII. of Luxemburg.

1313. Interregnum.

1314:. Louis rV. of Bavaria, and Fre-
derick III. of Austria, son of
Albert, rival emperors ; Frederick
d. 1330.

1330. Louis reigns alone.

1347. Charles IV. of Luxemborg. In this
reign was given at Nureml)org in
1350. the famous Golden Bull,
which l)ecame the fundamental
law of the (jorman empire.

1378. Wenceslas. s<)n,K. of Bohemia; twice
imprisoned, and at length fDrced
to resign, but continued to reign
in Bolieiiiia.

1400. Frederick HI., D. of Brunswick;
assass. innnediately after his
election, and seldom jilaced in the
list of emperors.

1400. Rupert, count palatine of the Rhine,
crowned at Cologne ; d. 1410.

1410. Jossus, mar<i. of MorMvin. cboscii

1438

1439,
1440,

by a party of the electors ; d. the
next year.
1410. Sigismund, K. of Hungary, elected
by another party. On the death of
Jossus, he was recognised by all
parties; K. of Bohemia in 1419.

House of Austria.

Albert II., surn. the Great, D. of
Austria, and K. of Hungary and
Bohemia ; d. Oct. 27, 1439.

Interregnum.

Frederick IV., sum. the Pacific ;
elect, emperor Feb. 2 ; but not
crowned until June 1442.

Maximilian I., son, d. 1519. Francis
I. of France and Charles I. of
Spain became competitors for the
empire.

Charles V. (I. of Spain), son of Joan
of Castile and Philip of Austria,
elected; res. both crowns, and
retired to a monastery, where he
died soon after.

Ferdinand I., brother, K. of Hun-
gary.

Maximilian II., son. K. of Hungary
and Bohemia.

Rodolph II.. son.

Matthias, brother.

Ferdinand II., cousin, son of the
archd. Charles, K. of Hungary.

Ferdinand III., son.

Leopold I., son.

Joseph I., son.

Charles VI.. brother.

JMaria Theresa, daughter. Q. of
Hungary and Bohemia, whose
right to the empire was sustained
by England.
At the decease of the emp. Charles
VI. in 1740, his hereditaiy do-
minions devolved of right (by the
pragmatic sanction) upon his only
daughter and heiress the ai-ch-
duchess Maria Theresa, but weie
claimed by the husband of his
niece. (Maria Amelia, daughter of
Joseph I.). Charles, elector of
Bavaria, who was declared king
of Bohemia in 1741, and crowned
emp. tif (iermany at Frank-
fort the following year, as
Charles VII. This dispute dis-
turbed the tran(iuillity of Europe,
and occasioned a war in which all
the great Kuro])ean powers were
involved, and which did not ter-
minate until 3 years after the
death of Charles VII., when
^laria Theresa had her ])atri-
nionial dominions guaranteed to
her bv the trentv of Aix-la-Cha-
))clle in 1748.

{"harlcs VU.. elector of Bavaria.

1558

1564,

1576,
1012,
1619.

1037.
1058,
1705.
1711,
1740.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

63

•whose claim -was supported by
France ; rival emperor, and con-
tested the succession. Charles
d. Jan. 1745. See Maria Theresa,
supra.

1745. Francis I. of Lorraine, Gr. D. of
Tuscany, consort of Maria
Theresa.

1765. Joseph II., son of the emp. Francis
and of Maria Theresa.

1790. Leopold II., brother.

1792. Francis IL, son.

This monarch sui-rendered the
dignity of emp. of Germany on
August 11, 1804, and assumed

1871.

the title of emp. of Austria only.
In 1806 the German princes
seceded from the German empire,
and placed themselves under the
protection of Napoleon I. of
France.
See " Confederation of the Rhine,"
infra.

House of Prussia.

Jan. 18. The title of emp. of
Germany was revived, and "William
I., K. of Prussia, was proclaimed
emperor.

THE CONFEDERATION OF THE RHINE

was established July 12, 1806, under the auspices of Napoleon I. emp.
of France, and by the Act of Confederation a number of states dissolved
their connection with the German empire and allied themselves with
France. Other states subsequently joined the Confederation from time
to time, most of them under the coercion of Napoleon.

Original Members of the Confederation.

Jly.l2. France.
1806. Bavaria.

Wurtemberg.
Eatisbon,
Baden.

Berg & Cieves.
Hesse - Darm-
stadt.

Nassau - Weil-
burg.

Nassau-Usingen.

Hohenzollern-
Hechingen.

Hohenzollern-
Sigmaringen.

Salm-Salm.

Salm-Kirburg.
Isemburg-

Birchstein.
Aremberg.
Liechtenstein-

Darmberg.
Count de la

Leyen.

1806. Wiirtzburg.
1806. Saxony, Dec.
12.

Subsequent Members.

1807. Westphalia.
Anhalt.
Reuss.

Schwartzburg.
Waldeck.

During the reverses of Napoleon in 1813 many of the states seceded
from the Confederation, which they had only joined under compulsion,
and on June 8, 1815, the German States were formed into

THE GERMANIC CONFEDERATION

which held its first Diet at Frankfort, Nov. 16, 1816.

This Confederation consisted of portions of Austria and Prussia, and
of the following minor States : —

Kingdoms.
Bavaria.
Saxony.
Hanover.
Wurtemberg.

Electorate.
Hesse. -"'•^<-

Grand Duchies.
Baden.
Hesse, ^^in^^'i^^

Mecklenburg-Schwerin.
Mecklenburg-Strelitz.
Oldenburg.

Luxemburg & Limburg.
Saxe- Weimar-E isenach.

THE BOOK OF DIGXITIES.

Duchies.
Nassau.
Brunswick.
Holstein-Lauenburg.
Saxe-Meinin<;en.
Saxe-Cobui-g-

Gotha.
Saxe-Altenburg.
Anbalt-Dessau-

Kothen.
Anhalt-Beruburcr.

Principalities.

Schwarzburg-Rudol-

stadt.
Schwarzburg-Sonder-

hausen.
Lippe-Detmold.
Schaumburg-Lippe.
Reuss-Greiz.
Reuss-Schleiz.
Waldeck.
Liecbtensteiu.

Landgrayiate.
Hesse.

Free Cities.

Frankfort-on-tbe-

Maine.
Hamburg.
Bremen.
Lubeck.

The Germanic Confederation continued till 1866, when, in conse-
quence of tbe quai-rels between Austria and Prussia, it was dissolved,
the Diet holding its last sitting Aug. 24, 1866.

THE NORTH GERMAN CONFEDERATION
was then formed under the leadership of Prussia, whose influence over
the other States was jxiramount.

This Confederation consisted of the following States : —

Under Treaty of Aug. 18, 1866.

1. Prussia.

2. Oldenburg.

3. Brunswick.

4. Saxe-Weimar.

5. Anhalt.

6. Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.

7. Saxe-Altenburg.

8. Waldeck.

9. Lippe-Detmold.

10. Schwartzburg-Rudolstadt.

11. Schwartzburg-Sonderhausen.

12. Reuss Schleiz.

13. Schaumberg Lippe.

The following States in South Germany : —

1. Bavaria. i 3. Baden.

2. Wurtemburg. I 4. Hesse Darmstadt.

were allowed to remain nominally independent, but were bound by
secret treaties to place their armies at the disposal of Prussia in case
of war.

The following States were annexed to Prussia : —

14. Hamburg.

15. Lubeck.

16. Bremen.

Joined Subsequently, 1866.

17. Mecklenburg - Scliwerin, Aug.

21.

18. Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Aug. 21.

19. Hesse (north of the Maine),

Sept. 3.

20. Reuss Greiz, Sept. 26.

21. Saxe-Meiuingen, Oct. 8.

22. Saxon, Oct. 21.

1. Hanover.

2. Hesse-Cassel.

3. Nassau.

4. Frankfort.

5. Schleswig-Holstein.

During the Franco-German war of 1870-1, the North and South
Gennan States were united under the title of

THE (iERMAN EMPHIE.
William I., K. of Prussia, was proclaimed emp. Jan. 1871, and the
1st Parliament of the empire was held at Berlin Mar. 21, 1871.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

The German Empire comprises the following States

1.

Prussia.

10. Oldenburg-.

18. Waldeck.

2.

Bavaria.

11. Brunswick.

19. Reuss Greiz.

3.

Saxony.

12. Saxe-Meiningen.

20. Reuss Schleiz.

4.

Wurtemburg.

13. Saxe-Altenburg.

21. Schaumburg-

5.

Baden.

14. Saxe - Cobui'g and

Lippe.

6.

Hesse-Darmstadt.

Got ha.

22. Lippe.

7.

Mecklenburg-

15. Anhalt.

23. Lubeck.

Schwerin.

16. Schwarzburg-

24. Bremen.

8.

Saxe- Weimar.

Rudolstadt.

25. Hamburg.

9.

Meckleaburg-
Strelitz.

17. Schwarzburg -

Sondershausen.

26. Alsace-Lorraine

PRUSSIA. BRANDENBURG.

Prussia continued long under the dominion of Poland, but at length
threw off the dependence of its dukes upon that power. Frederick
William laid the foundation of the present monarchy, and his son and
successor, in Jan. 1701, assumed the title of the king, and was acknow-
ledged as king by the emperor Leopold and all his allies. Prussia is now
the ruling German State, and its king is also emperor of Germany

Margraves, Electors, Dukes, and Kings.

Margraves or Electors op Bran-
denburg.
1134. Albert I. , surn. the Boar, fii'st elec-
tor of Brandenbiirg.
1170. Otho I.
1184 Otho II.
1206. Albert II.
1221. John 1. and Otho III.
1266. John II.
1282. Otho IV.
1309. Waldemar.

1319. Henry I., le Jeime.

1320. Interregnum.
1323. Loiiis I. , of Bavaria.

1352. Lonis II., surn. the Roman.

1365. Otho Y.,Ie Faineant.

1373. Wenceslas, of Luxemburg.

1378. Sigismund, of Liisemburg.

1388. Jossus, the Bearded.

1411. Sigismuud, again.

1415. Frederick I. of Nuremburg.

1440. Frederick II., surn. Ironside.

1470. Albert III., surn. the German

Achilles.
1476. John III.
1486. The same, as elector,
1499. Joachim I., son.
1535. Joachim II.

5on, as margrave.

1571. John George.
1598. Joachim Frederick.
1608. John Sigismund.

And Dukes of Prussia.

1616. John Sigismund, above named.
1619. George William.
1640. Frederick William, son.
1688. Frederick, son, crowned K. Jan. 18,
1701.

Kings OF Prussia.

1701. Frederick I., above named.

1713. Frederick WiUiam I., son.

1740. Frederick II. (Frederick the Great),
son.

1786 Frederick William II., nephew.

1797. Frederick William III.

1840. Frederick William IV., son, June 7.
His brother, aft. William I., app.
Regent, Oct. 23, 1857, and the ap-
pointment was made permanent,
Oct. 7, 1858.

1861. WiUiam I. (Fredk. Wm. Louis),
brother, Jan. 2. Declared emp. of
Germany Jan. 18, 1871. See Ger-
many.

««

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

ANHALT.

Bernard, son of Albert the Bear, Margrave of Brandenburg,

1st count of Anhalt ; d. 1212,
1212. Henry I., d. 1252.

On his death Anhalt was divided into three parts ; Ascania,

Bernburg, and Zerbst.

******

1570. Anhalt united under Joachim Ernest; d. 158G.

******

1603. Anhalt divided into four parts: Dessau, Bernburg, Ku then, and
Zerbst.

******

1793. The Zerbst line became extinct, and this portion of the princi-
pality was divided amongst the three remaining branches.

1807. The counts of Anhalt assumed the title of duke.

1847. The Kothen line became extinct by the death of duke Henry, Nov.
23, and this part of the duchy is now incorporated with
Dessau.

Dukes of Anhalt-Beenburg.

* * Alexis.

1834. Alexander Charles, Mar. 24; cl.
Aug. 19, 18G3. On his death
the male line became extinct,
and the whole of the duchy is
now under the branch of Anhalt-
Dessau.

Dukes of Anhalt-Dessau.

* * Leopold Frederick Francis.
1817. Leopold Frederick, Aug. 9.
1871. Frederick (Leopold Frederick Fran-
cis Nicholas), May 22.

BADEN. BADEN-BADEN. BADEN-DURLACH.

The house of Baden descends from Gerold, who, as well as his son,
appears in the ancient records towards the close of the 8th century, as
Landgraves of the B.irr. From him, after many descents, came Ber-
tholdus, who had two sous. The elder, Herman I., possessed, viid
patris, Hochberg in Brisgau, to which Baden belonged ; he took the
title of margrave, and died in 1074. His heir was Herman II., who
called himself " margrave of Baden," and was the htsad and founder
of the pn.'seut house of Baden, 1130.

From Cbristopher I., who united the branches of Hochberg and
Baden, and died in 1527, proceeded the branches of Baden-Badeu and
Baden-Durlach, which were uniied in 1771. He had two sous, Bernard
and Enu'st, of u-honi helutr.

Maugkaves of Baden.

• ♦ Heniiiin 1.
1130. II( ruian II.
IIGO. llcnnan III
1190. lleniianlV.

1243. Herman V.
1250. Uodolph I.
1288. Herman VI.
1291. Frodorick II.

THE BOOK OF DlfiNITIEh

1333. Herman IX.
1353. Rodolph VIII.
1372. Rodolph X.
1391. Bernhaid I.

1431.
1453.
1475.

James I.
Charles I.
Christopher I.

d. 1527.

Margraves of Baden-Baden. Margraves of Baden-Durlach.

1527. Bernhard IV.

1537. Philibert.

1539. Philip.

1588. Edward.

1600. William.

1677. Louis William.

1707. Louis George.

* * Augustus William George, d. 1771.
On his death the line of Baden-
Baden became extinct and the
territory reverted to Charles Fre-
derick, Margrave of Baden-Dur-
lach.

1527. Ernest.

1553. Charles II. , son.

1577. (? 1584.) Ernest Frederick, son.

1604. George Frederick, brother ; abd.

1622. Frederick v., son.

1659. Frederick VI. , son.

1677. Frederick VII., son.

1709. Charles William, son.

1746. Charles Frederick, grandson. Ou
the death of Augustus William
George, Margrave of Baden-Baden,
he succ. to that Margravate. He
was created an Elector of the em-
pire in 1803 and a Gr. D, in 1806.

Grand Dukes of Baden.

1806. Charles Frederick, above-named.
1811. Charles Louis Frederick, grandson.
1818. Louis William Augustus, uncle.
1830. Charles Leopold Frederick, brother,
Mar. 30.

1856.

Louis II., son, Apr. 24 ; d. Jan 22.
1858. Being animbecile,his younger
brother, Frederick William Louis,
was apiDointed Regent, and in

Sep. 5, took the title of Gr. D.

BAVARIA.

After undergoing various revolutions, Bavaria became a duchj in the
9tli century, and the title of duke was possessed by its rulers until
1623, when Maximilian I. was invested with the electoral dignity by the
emperor Ferdinand 11. In 1805 Napoleon raised Bavaria to the rank
of a kingdom ; and on Jan. 1, 1806, Maximilian Joseph was proclaimed
king at Munich in the presence of the French Emperor.

Dukes, Electors, and Kings of Bavaria.

(Tuelph I.

Guelph II., son.

Henry VII., surn. the Black, brother.

Henry VIII. , surn. the Proud, son.

Leopold II., of Austria.

Henry IX. , of Aiistria.

Henry X.. surn. the Lion, son of

Henry the Proud.
Otho the Great, cr. D. by the emp.

Frederick Barbarossa.
Louis I., son.
Otho II., the Illustrious, son, elector

palatine.
Louis II., the Severe, son, elector

palatine.
Louis III., son, elected emp. in 1314.

Dukes.

1071.

<S95.

Leopold.

1101.

907.

Arnulph, surn. the Bad.

1120.

937.

Eberhard.

1126.

939.

Berthold.

1138.

942.

Henry, surn. the Quarreller.

1142.

955.

Henry 11.

1154.

995.

Henry III., the Holy and the Lame,

elected emp. in 1002.

1180.

1004.

Hernv IV.

1025.

Henry V.

1183.

1047.

Conrad I.

1231.

1052.

Henry VI.

1054.

Conrad II.

1253.

1056.

Agnes, empress dowager.

1061

Otho.

1294.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1347. Stephen, son.

1375. John, surn. the Pacific, brother.

1397. Ernest, brother.

1488. Albert I., surn. the Pious, son.

1460. John II., and Sigismund, sons,

1465. Albert II., brother.
1508. William I., son.
1550. Albort III
1579. William II
abd.

son.

surn. the Religious, son,

Electors.
1596. Maximilian, son, or. elector by the

emp. Ferdinand II., Feb. 25,

1623.
1651. Ferdinand Marj'.
1679. Maximilian Emmanuel, son, May 26.
1726. Charles Albert, son, Feb. 26 ; elected

emp. in 1742, opposed by Maria

Theresa.
1745. Maximilian Joseph I. , son, Jan. 20.
1777. Charles Theodore, elector palatine,

succ. to Bavaria, Dec. 30.
1799. Maximilian .Joseph II., as elector.

Kings of Bavaria.

1805. Maximilian Joseph I., as King.
1825. Louis Charles, son, Oct. 13 ; abd.

Mar. 21, 1848 ; d. Feb 29, 1868.
1848. Maximilian Joseph II., son.
1864. Louis II. (Louis Otho Frederick

William), son, Mar. 10; committed

suicide.
1886. Otho William Leopold, brother, June

13 ; of unsound mind. His brother,

Leopold, app. Regent.

PALATINATE OF THE RHINE.

One of the ancient electorates of Germany, long united to Bavaria ;
separated therefrom in 1294, and again united thereto in 1777.

Counts Palatine of the Rhine.

1156. Conrad, of Suabia, first elector.

1196. Henry, of Saxe.

1227. Otho, surn. the Illustrious, elector

of Bavaria in 1231.
1253. Louis II., surn. the Severe, elector

of Bavaria, and elector palatine.
1294. llodolphus I., le Begue.
1319. Adolphus, surn. the Simple.
1327. Rodolphus II., the Blind.
1353. Rupert II. , surn. the Red.
1390. Rupert II.. le Petit.
1398. Rupert III. , elected emp. in 1400.
1410. Louis III., surn. Barbatus, or

Longboard.
1436. Louis IV.

1442. Frederick I., surn. the Victorious
1476. Philip, surn.the Ingenuous or Sincere.
1508, Louis v., surn. the Pacilic, refused

the imi)0rial crown.
1544. Frederick II. , sui-n. the Wise.

1556.
1559.
1576.
1583.
1610.

1680.
1685.
1690.
1716.
1743.

Otho Henry.

Frederick III. , surn. the Pious.

Louis VI., surn. the Easy.

Frederick IV.

Frederick V., K. of Bohemia, de-
throned and stript of his heredi-
tary dominions ; d 1632.

Charles Louis, son; by the treaty
of Westphalia, in 1648, he had
the greater part of the palatinate
restored to him.

Charles II.

Philip William, cousin.

John William.

Charles Philip.

Charles Theodore, who, on Dec. 30,
1777, succ. to the dominions of
the Bavarian branch of his.
family.
,SVc Bavaria, supra.

BRUNSWICK. HANOVER.

The house of Brunswick owes its origin to Azo IV. of the family of
Este, son of Hugo III., marquess of Ferrara, in Italy. Azo, who died
in 1055, left by his consort Cunegonde, daughter and heiress of Guelph,.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES. 69

duke of Bavaria, a son, who was great-grandfather of Henry, surnamed
the Lion. (See Bavaria, p. 67.) This prince married Maud, eldest
daughter of Henry II. of England, and is always looked upon as the
ancestor of our persent royal family. The dominions possessed by
Henry the Lion were very extensive ; but he having refused to assist
Frederick Barbai'ossa in a war against pope Alexander III., that
emperor's resentment was drawn upon him, and in the diet of Wurtz-
burg, in 1180, he was proscribed. The duchy of Bavai'ia was given to
Otho, count Wittelsbach, from whom is descended the present royal
family of Bavaria ; the duchy of Saxony was conferred upon Bernard
Ascanius, founder of the house of Anhalt ; and his other possessions
were disposed of to different princes. Thus despoiled, Henry retired
to England ; but iiltimately, after much intercession, Brunswick and
Luneberg were restored to him. He left three sons. The two elder
having no male issue, William, the third son, carried on the line of his
family, and from him all the succeeding dukes of Brunswick and Lune-
berg have descended.

The house of Brunswick has from time to time divided into several
branches. The principal are :

Brunswick-Lunebueg.

Brunswick- WoLFENBUTTEL, 1st branch.

Brunswick-Zell, or Brunsvstick-Luneburg-Zell, from which the

house of Hanover descended.
Brunswick- WoLFENBUTTEL, 2nd branch, or Brunswick-Lune-

burg-Wolpenbuttel.

Rulers op Brunswick and Hanover.

1139. Henry the Lion. 6ee Introduction, siiprii.
1195. William, son, D. of Luneburg.

Dukes of Bkunswick.

1213. Otho I., son, cr. 1st D. of Brunswick in 1235.
1252. Albert I., son, styled the Great. '
1279. Albert II. son, styled the Fat.
1318. Magnus I., son.

13t)8. ilagnus II., son. On his death the house of Brunswick was divided into two
branches, as under: —

Dukes of Bkuxswick-Luseburg.
1373. Frederick, son, elect, emp. of Ger-
many 1400.
1400. Bernard, brother.
1434. Frederick the Just, d. 1478. )

Otho the Magnanimous, d. 1471. j
1478. Henry the Young, son of Otho.
1532. Ernest I., styled the CDnfessor, d.
154(i.

On his death the family was again
divided into two branches :

I. Brunsavick-Zell or Bkuns-
wick-Luxeburg-Zell rSee
he low

Dukes of Beukswick Wolfenbcttel,
(1st Branch.)

* * Hem-y I., son.

1416. William I. and Henry II., sons.

1482. Frederick and William II., sons of
William I.

1495. Henry III. and Eric, sons of Wil-
liam I.

1514. Henry TV., son of Hemy II.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

II. Brunswick - Wolfenbuttel,
2nd Branch, or BRtrNSWicK-

LlNERUKG - WOLFENBCTTEL.

(See opposite column.)
Dukes of Brcnswick-Zelu or

BRm.'8WICK-LuNEBURG-ZELL.

1546. William, the second son of Ernest
the Confessor, became D. of Zell.

1592. Ernest II.

1611. Christian, brother, bp. of Minden.

1633. Augustus, brother, administrator of
Ratesburg.

1636. Frederick, bro., pres. of the Chapter
of Bremen ; succ. by his nephew

1648. Christian Lewis, son of his brother
George, pr. of Calenberg.

1665. George ^Yilliam. His only dau.
Sophia Dorothea, m. 1682, George
Lewis, his nephew, eldest son to
his brother Ernest Augustiis, D. of
Hanover.

(See helow.)

House of Hanover.

Dukes of Hanover.

1665. John, 2nd son of Christian Lewis,
D. of Brunswick-Zell (ice above),
became D. of Hanover.

1679. Ernest Augustus, son, m. the pr.
Sophia, dau. of Frederick, elector
palatine, and of Elizabeth, dau.
of James I. of England.
This is the prs. Sophia, to whose
descendants (being Protestants)
the crown of England was limited
by the act of settlement, 1701.
She was h. Oct. 13, 1630, and had
issue by the above marriage six
sons and one daughter : namely,
George Lewis, afterwards George
I. ; Frederick Augustus, h. 1661,
d. 1690, unm. : IMaximilian Wil-
liam, h. 1666, d. 1726, unm. ;
Charles Philip, h. 1669, d. 1690 ;
Christian, h. 1671, d. 1703, unm.;
Ernest Augustus, bp. of Osnaburg,
h. 1674. cr. 1716. ]). of York and
Albany and E. of Ulster, d. 172«,
unm. : Sophia Charlotte, h. 1668,
in. to Frederick William, elector
of Brandenburg. The prs. Sophia
d. June 8, 1714, in her 84th year.

Electors of IIanovkr.

1692. Ernest Augustus, al)ovo named, cr.
Elector.

1698. George Lewis, son, m. his cousin,
the heiress of the 1). of Brunswick-
Zell. Became K. of (iroat Britain
Aug. 1, 1714, as <iKOKtiK I.

1568. Julius, son.

1589. Hemy Julius, son.

1613. Frederick Ulrick. son. d. 1634.
without issue.
On his death the succession passed
under certain family aiTange-
ments to Augustus, a descendant
of Henry, the eldest son of Ernest
the Confessor, and he became D.
of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel.

Dukes of Brlnswick-Wot.fenbuttel

(2nd Branch), ok
Beunswick-Luneburg-Wolfenbuttel.

1634. Augustus, above-named. He left
three sons, Rodolphus Augustus,
Anthony Ulrick, and Ferdinand
Albert ; the two first succ, the
third was the foimder of the
Bevern line.

1666. Rodolphus Augustus, who associated
his next brother, Anthony Ulrick,
in the government from 1685 : d.
1704.

1704. Anthony Ulrick, brother, now ruled
alone ; erected Blaukenburg into
a principality in 1707, became a
Roman Catholic in 1710; d. 1714.

1714. Augustus William, son ; d. without
issue 1731.

1731. Ludowick Rodolphus, brother (i)r. of
Blankenburg from his father's
death in 1714) ; d. without male
issue in 1735.
This pr. left three daughters, who
were married, Elizabeth Christine
to theemp. Charles VI., Christina
to the gr.-D. Alexius of Russia,
and Antonie AmeHa to the 1». of
Bevern.

1735. Ferdinand Albrecht, d. same year.

1735. Charles, son, who transf. the ducal
residence to Brunswick.

1780. Charles William Ferdinand, son, m.
the prs. Augusta of England:
killed at the battle of Jena, com-
manding the Prussian army. Oct.
14, 1806; succ by his 4th son,
his eldest sons being blind , and
abd. in favour of

1806. Frederick NVillinni. His roign may

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1727. George Augustus, son ; George II.
of England.

17t!0. George William Frederick, grand-
son ; George III. of England.

Kings of Hanover.

1814. George William Frederick, above-
named, 1st K. of Hanover, Oct. 2.

1820. George Augustus Frederick, son ;
George IV. of England.

1830 William Henry, brother; William
IV. of England.

1837 Hanover separated from the crown
of Great Britain.
Ernest Augustus, brother to William
IV. of England, on whose demise
he succ. (as a distinct inheritance)
to the throne of Hanover. June
20, 1837.

1851. George (George Frederick Augustus,

Charles Ernest). Nov. 18, dep.

Sept. 20, 1866; d. June 12, 1878.

Hanover was annexed to Pi-ussia by

Decree Sept. 20, 186G.

be dated from the battle of Leip-
sic in Oct. 1813; fell at the
battle of Quatre-Bras command-
ing the avant-(]arde. under Wel-
lington, .Time 16, 1815.

1815. Carl, son (Charles Frederick William
Augustus), l>. Oct. 30, 1804.
Dep. by his younger brother
William in 1830."

1830. William (Augustus Louis William
Maximilian Frederick), h. April
25. 1806 ; succ. Sept. 7, 1830 ; d.
Oct. 18, 1884.
On his death Ernest Augustus
William Adolphus George Fredk.,
D. of Cumberland and titular K.
of Hanover, should have succ. to
the dukedom, but this was not
permitted by the German Imperial
Authorities, and jn*. Albrecht of
Prussia was appointed Regent,
Oct. 21, 1884.

FRANCONIA.

Pharamond is the first of the Franconian kings of whom we have anj
distinct mention ; see France. They were conquered by Charlemagne,
and Pranconia was subsequently govei'ned by dukes.

In modern times, Franconia consisted of two principalities, Bayreuth
and Anspach; three bishoprics, Bamburg, Wursburg, and Eichstadt;
se^en counties, and three lordships. These divisions are now altered,
one district having been given to Wurtemburg, another to Baden, a
third to the house of Hesse, and the tract called Henneberg to the
house of Saxe. All the rest has been made over to Bavaria.

Dukes of Franconia.

891. Conrad I., about this time.

912. Eberhard.

939. Conrad II.

955. Othol.
1004. Conrad III.
1011. Conrad IV.

1038. The dukedom extinct until 1116.
1116. Conrad V., emp. as Conrad III. in

1138.
1152. Frederick, and D. of Suabia
1167. Conrad VI.
1191. Conrad VII., and D. of Suabia.

HESSE.
HESSE-CASSEL, HESSE-DARMSTADT, HESSE-HOMBURG.

HESSE.

All the Hessian branches proceed from Philip the Generous, who at the
death of his father, William II., in 1509, inherited the entire princi-

72 THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

pality of Hesse. Dying in 1567, he left four sons, who divided the ter-
ritory, so that lour lines originated: — (1) Hesse-Cassel, (2) Hesse-Mar-
burg, which lapsed in 1583, (3) Hesse-Rheinfels, which lapsed in 1604,
and (4) Hesse-Darmstadt. Of the two principal brandies, the eldest
Kon, William IV., became the founder of that of Hesse-Cassel ; and
George, the youngest son, became the founder of the branch of Hesse-
Darmstadt.

Landueaves op Hessk.

1509. Philip, siirn. the Generous. On his death in 1507 Hesse was divided as above.

IIESSE-CASSEL, OR ELECTORAL HESSE.

1567.

1592.
1627.

1637.

1650.

1663.
1730.

Landgraves.

WilHam IV., eldest son of Philip,
Burn, the Wise.

Maurice, son, abd. in favour of

"William Y.. son, surn. the Constant.
His three younger brothers were
the founders of the three lines of
Rothenberg, Eschwegen, and
Rheinfels. William died during
the campaign of East Friedland,
supposed by poison ; his consoi't,

Amelia Elizabeth, governed until
1(550, when she handed over the
rule to her son,

William YL. surn. the Good and the
Wise.

Charles, brother.

Frederick I., son, who became, in
right of his consort, K. of Sweden
in 1719; his bro. acted as viceroy,
and, at his death, siicc. in Hesse.

1751. William YIL, brother.

1760. Frederick II.. son.

17S5. William IX. (YIII.), son, obtained
the electorship 1801, and called
himself William L, elector 1803.

Electors.

1801-3. William I. (as above).

After the battle of Jena he fled to
Denmark, and, by the treaty of
Tilsit, Hesse-Cassel became part
of the kingdom of Westphalia.
Returned in 1813; cl. 1821.

1821. William II., son, retired to Hanau
in 1831. The hereditary pr.
made co-regent, Sept. 30, 1831.

1847. Frederick William I., son, late co-
regent, Nov. 20 ; d. January 6,
1875.
Hesse-Cassel was annexed to Prussia
by Decree, Sept. 20, 1866.

HESSE-DARMSTADT, OR GRAND-DUCAL HESSE.

The founder of this line, as already mentioned, was George I., youngest
son of Philip the Generous. The princes of Hesse-Darmstadt were
elevated to the rank of grand dukes by the French emperor Napoleon.

Landgraves.
1567. George I.

1596. Louis v., son, surn. the Faithful.
1624. George II., son.
1661. Louis VL
1678. Louis YII., reigned only a few

months.
1678. Ernest Louis, brother.
1733. Louis YIIL, son.
1768. Louis IX., son.

1790. Louis X.. son, became Gr. D.

Gband-Dukes.

1803. Louis I. (late Louis X.), first Gr. D.
1830. Louis II., son. was thrice married.
1848. Louis III., son, June 16.
1877. Louis IV., nephew (Frederick Wil-
liam Louis Charles), Juno 13.

nESSE-IIOMRUR(J

This house owes its origin to a junior branch of Hesse-Darmstadt.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES. 73

George I. left in 1596 three sons, of whom Frederick became the founder
of this line. The later princes were as under : —

Landgraves.

1751. Frederick Louis T.

]820. Frederick Joseph, son.

1829. Louis William Frederick, brother.

1839. Philip Augustiis Frederick, brother.

1846. Gustavus Adolphus Frederick,

brother.

1848. Ferdinand Henrv Frederick, brother.

Sept. 8 ; d. March 24, 186G. On
his death the male line became
extinct, and Hesse-Homburg re-
verted to the Grand Duchy of
Hesse - Darmstadt, by whom it
was ceded to Prussia as from
Oct. 8, 1866, by treaty dated
Sept. 15, 1860.

LIECHTENSTEIN.

Peinces OF Liechtenstein.

1858.

1836. Alois Joseph, April 20.

John II. (John Maria Francis
Placidus), Nov. 12.

LIPPE-DETMOLD.

Princes of Lippe-Detmold.

* * Frederick William Leopold.
1802. Paul Alexander Leopold, \]iY\\
4.

1851. Leopold (Paul Frederick Emile

LeojDold), Jan. 1.
1875. Woldemar (Gonthier Frederick Wol-

demar), Dec. 8.

LIPPE-SCHAUMBURG.

Princes of Lippe-Schaumburg.

Philip Ernest.

1787. George Wilham, Feb. 13.
1860. Adolphus George, Nov. 21

MECKLENBURG.

MECKLENBURG-SCHWERIN. MECKLENBURG-

STRELITZ.

Charlemagne, during his wars with the Saxons, entered Mecklenburg,
a.d. 789, and compelled the inhabitants to embrace Christianity. Louis,
his successor, had the country governed by the dukes of Saxony ; the

74 THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

people, however, threw off that yoke, and Nicolas and Pi-emislas, princes,
divided the territory between them. In 1147, Nicolas being slain in
battle, Henry the Lion conquered Mecklenburg, and divided it among
his generals and knights. But to the son of Nicolas (Premislas II.) he
restored a part of his father's dominions, with the title of " Prince of
Mecklenburg," instead of the former title, which was "King of the
Wenden." After the death of Premislas II. followed Henry Borwin,
his son, founder of the house of Mecklenburg. The modern division of
the duchy was made at the commencement of the 18th century. The
dignity of grand duke was conferred on the princes of Mecklenburg by
the Conojress of Vienna in 1815.

MECKLENBURG.

Princes.

1236.
1264.

1349.

1380.

Henry Borwin I. From this prince
and his consort Matilda, dau. of
Henry the Lion, sprang the house
of Mecklenburg.
Henry Borwin II., d. 1236, and left
four sons, who divided Mecklen-
burg into four parts, viz. : Meck-
lenburg, Gustrow, RosTOCK.and
Parchim, which existed till 1611.
The eldest son of Henry Borwin
succ.
John, surn. Theologus.
Henry I. (called III.), son. Went
to Jerusalem, and was therefore
surn. Hierosolyniitanus; was made
prisoner, and was supposed to be
dead.
Henry II. (IV.), son. The former
prince returned from captivity,
and governed with Henry II., who
d. 1329; and through his sons,
Albrecht and John, sprung uji
the new lines of jMecklenburg
and Stargard. In the line of
Mecklenburg, succ.
Albrecht or Albert I., who was
succ. by his three sons
, Albert II., elect. K. of Sweden

1363.
J Henry, who took but little part in
1 the government, and
I Magnus I., to whom Albert res.
V the principality,
j- Albert IIL, soil of Albert II.,
J governed, together with
1 John, son of Magnus I., whoso
I two sons succ.

1423.

1477. j

1503.
1547.

1553.

i(;03.

1610.
1658.
1679

j Henri' m. (V.), surn. the Fat.
( and John IL, who d. 1442.
Henry the Fat again united
Stargard to Mecklenburg, and,
dying in 1477, left three sons,
who succ.
Albert I\\ \ Co-regents. The
]Magnus II. - three sons of
Balthazar ) Magnus II.succ.
(Henry I Y. (YI.)]
-Erich, and -Co-regents.

( Albert the Fair, j
John Albert I., the eldest of five

sons of Albert the Fair.
His brother Ulrick made claims to
the co-regency, and caused there-
by a division in the coimtry.
Ulrick, above-named.
Charles, brother, who governed, in-
stead of his minor cousins. Adol-
])luis Frederick and John Albert
until 1610.
The Territory was again divided
into two lines, ^Mecklenburg and
GrsTRow ; the latter line became
extinct in 1695.
Adolphus Frederick.
Christian Louis, son.
Frederick William, nephew. Ilis
disputes with his cousin, Fred-
crick Adolphus (II.) led to the
llambro treaty, by which, in 1701,
the two lines of Mecklenbukg-
ScinvEKiN and Mecklexburq-
Strei.itz were formed.

MECKLENBURG-SCIIWKKIX.
Princes and Grand Dukes.

Princes.
Frederick William, the above-men-
tioned prince, lie retained throe-
fourths of the tcrritorv.

1713. Charles Leopold, brother. His
brother. Christian Louis, who
afterwards succ, was ap]iointed
administrator by the emj). in 1732.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1747. Christian Louis II., brother.

1756. Frederick, snrn. the Kind.

1785. Frederick Francis I., nephew. The j 1815.

dignity of Gr. D. was conferred j 1837.

upon this pr. by the Congr. of 1842.

Vienna 1815. ' I 1883.

Grand Dukes.

Frederick Francis I., above named.
Paul Frederick, grandson.
Frederick Francis II., son, Mar. 7.
Frederick Francis III., son, Apr. 15.

:\IECKLEXBURG-STRELITZ.

Princes and Grand Dukes.

Princes.

1701. Adolphus Frederick II., founder of
this Hne.

1708. Adolphus Frederick III., son.

1749. Charles Louis Frederick I., brother.

1752. Adolphus Frederick lY., son.

1794. Charles Louis Frederick II., brother.
The dignity of Gr. D. was con-
ferred upon this pr. by the Congr.
of Yieima 1815.

Grand Dukes.
1794. Charles Louis Frederick II., above
named.

1816. George Frederick Charles Joseph,

son, Nov. 6.
1860. Frederick William Charles George

Ernest Adolphus Gustavus, son,

Sept. G.

NASSAU.

Walram III., who possessed, in 1195, all the territory belonging to
Nassau, died in 1198; and his sons, Henry I. and Rupert V., reigned
jointly until the latter entered into the union of the German knighthood
in 1230. The sons of Henry I. (who was surnamed the Rich) were
Walram and Otho. They governed in common until 1255, and became
the founders of two distinct principal lines. That of Walram became
possessed of the principality of Nassau, and that of Otho is represented
by the Netherlands' dynasty. Walram's successor was his son,

Adolphus, elected emiD. in 1292 ; |

fell in battle with Albert of j 1361.
Austria, at Gellheim ('Spires), in

1298. ■ j

1298. Gerlach, son,reignedimtill361. This j
prince's two sons, Adolphus II. j
and John I., divided Walram's 1371.
line again into two branches, 14-9.
Nassau-Idstein-Weisbaden and
Nassau-Weilburg ; the latter -'-f ^p-
created by John I., the former by 1523.
Adolphus.

Line of Nassau-Idstein-Weisbaden.

1361. Adolphus II.

1370. Walram. son.

1393. Adolphus III. son.

1426. John. son.

1480. Adolphus lY., son.

1511. Philip, son.

1568. Balthazar, second son.

1568. John Louis, son. His son died vita
patris, and this line and its pos-
sessions fell to the younger branch.

1559.
1593.

Line of Nassau-Weilburg.

John I., who enlarged his terri-
tories by marriage, and was
invested by the emp. Charles
lY. with the coronet of a prince ;
(L 1371.

Philip I. , son.

Philip II., second son; the elder,
John II., founded a separate line.

Louis I., grandson.

Philip III., son, he left two sons.
Albert and Philip lY., who
divided their territory ; the
line of the latter became extinct
in 1602, and his part fell back
to his brother's line.

Albert, son.

Louis II., son, who inherited in 1602
the possessions of Philip IV., and
after the death of John Louis
(see above) he inherited all the
possessions of the Walram line.

Louis d. 1627 ; his thi-ee sons be-
came founders of three distinct
lines, of which the most important

76

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

was that of Nassau- Weilburg,
ruled by his third son, Ernest
Casiuiir.

1629. Ernest Casimir, third son.

1655. Frederick, son.

1675. John Ernest, son. j

1719. Charles Augustus, son, who again
assumed the princely title con- ,
ferred on his ancestors by the >
emp. Charles IV.

1753. Charles Christian.

1788. Frederick William. This prince
lost by the peace of Luneville a
part of his possessions on the left
border of the Rhine ; the Confed-
eration of the Rhine, however,

which he joined in 1816, enlarged
his ten-itory, and conferred upon
him the ducal title.

Dukes.

1806. Frederick William, above named.

1816. William George, son, who inherited
in March, 1816, the possessions
of Nassau-Usingen, and thus
united all the territory of the
elder Walram line of the hotLse
of Nassau.

1839. AdolphusWilliam Charles Augustus,
Frederick, son, Aug. 20.
Nassau was annexed to Prussia by
Decree, Sept. 20, 1866.

OLDENBURG.

Oldenburg comprises (i) the duchy of Oldenburg, (2) the principality
of Lubeck, and (3) the principality of Birkenfeld,

1180 (about). The independence of Oldenbui'g established.

******

1448. Count Christian YIII., of Oldenbui-g, elected K. of Denmark, and Oldenburg
transferred to his brother Gerhard.

1531. Anton I., d. 1573.

16—. Anton (iUnther, d. 1667.

1667. On his death the succession passed to the K. of Denmark, and so continued until
1773, when it was resigned to the Holstein-Gothorp line, who renounced their
claims to Schlcswig-Holstein. Oldenburg was at this time created a duchy.

Dukes and Grand Dukes of Oldenburg,

DCKES.

1773. Frederick Augustus, bp. of Lubeck.

1785. Peter Frederick.

* * Peter Frederick Louis.

The Duchy was seized and annexed
to the French Empire by Napo-
leon I. about IHll, but its inde-
pendence was restored at the
Congress of Vienna (1814-5), and
it was, at the same time, created
a Grand Duchy.

Graxd Ddkes.

1815. Peter Fi-ederick Louis above named.

1829. Augustus (Paul Frederick Augus-
tus) succ. May 21, decl. Gr. D. ,
May 28.

1853. Peter I. (Nicholas Frederick Peter),
Feb. 27.

1881. Augustus (Fi-ederick Augustus),
May 14.

Honry XX.

REUSS-GKEIZ.

(77/< Elder Bnturh.)

Princes.

1836. Henry XXL, Oct. 31.
1859. Henry XXII., son, Nov. 8

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

7T

REUSS-SCHLEIZ.

(The Younger Brunch.)

Princes.

* * Henry XL*

1818. Henry XII., son, Apr. 17.

1854. Henry XIII.. brother, June 19.
1867. Henry XIV., son, July 11.

SAXONY OR SAXE-ROYALE. SAXE-ALTENBURG, LATE
HILDBOURGHAUSEN. SAXE-COBURG AND GOTHA,
LATE SAXE-COBURG-SAALFELD. SAXE-GOTHA-
ALTENBURG. SAXE-MEININGEN. SAXE-WEIMAR.

Little is known of Saxony until Charlemagne directed his arms to the
right bank of the Rhine. He experienced much resistance from the
Saxons under Wittikind, but they, in the end, submitted to him ; and
among the consequences of their subjection to this great conqueror,
was the conversion of the country to Christianity. He conferred the
title of duke upon their chief. The first who became elector was
Bernard III. of the House of Ascania, and, on the extinction of that
line, Frederick the Warlike, margi-ave of Misnia or Meissen was made
elector. Saxony continued an electorate until 1806, when the title of
elector was changed to king, conformably with the treaty of peace
between France and Frederick Augustus, signed at Posen, Dec. 11, in
that year.

SAXONY OR SAXE-ROYALE.

Dukes, Ele.ctors, and Kings.

Dukes.
880. Otho I., styled the Great.
912. Henry, surn. the Fowler, elect, emp.

918.
936. Otho II., son, elect, emp.
959. Herman Billing.
973. Bernard I.
1010. Bernard II.
1062. Otho III.
1073. Magnus.
1106. Lothaire, elect, emp. 1125. and

surn. the Saxon.
1136. Henry, surn. the Proud, of Bavaria,

dep.
1188. Henry, surn. the Lion. dep. by the
emp. Frederick Barbarossa ; this
prince is regarded as the ancestor
of the present royal family of
England. — (A^ee Brunswick).

Electors.
1180. Bernard IIL, of the house of As-
cania, first elector.
1212. Albert I.

1260.
1298.
1356.
1370.
1389.
1419.
1423.

1428.

Albert II.

Rodolphus I.

Rodolphus II.

Wincelaus.

Rodolphus III.

Albert III.

Frederick I., surn. the Warrior,
Landgrave of Thuringia and
marq. of Misnia of the ancient
Hoiise of Saxony.

Frederick II. , the Peaceable and the
Good. This pr. d. 14G4, and left
two sons, Ernest and Albert. The
first gave name to the elder, or
Ernestine branch of the family;
the second, to the younger, or
Albertine branch.

Eknestink Branch.

1464. Ernest, eldest son of Frederick II.
1486. Frederick III., the Wise ; he refused

the imperial crown.
1525. John, brother, sum. the Constant.

78

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

lu;52. John Frederick, styled the Magnani-
mous, dep. by the emp. Charles
v., and the electorate conferred
upon the

Albertixk Link.

Of this line were previously, in 1464,
Albert, already mentioned ; in
1500, George the Rich ; and in
1539, Henry the Pious.

1548. Maurice, cousin to the deposed
elector John Frederick.

l.")53. Augustus, the Just and the Pious,
brother.

158G. Christian I. , son.

1591. Christian II., son.

1611. John George I., brother.

1056. John George II., son.

1680. John George III., son.

1691. John George IV., son.

1694. Frederick Augustus L, brother, K.

of Poland.
1733. Frederick Augustus II., son, K. of

Poland.
1763. Frederick Christian, son. Feb.
1763. Frederick Augustus III. Dec.

Ruled as elector until 1806.

Kings of Saxony.
1806. Frederick Augustus, above named,

first king, conformably with the

treaty of Posen, signed Dec. 11.
1827. Anthony Clement Theodore, brother.
1836. Frederick Augustus II., nephew.

June 6.
1854. .7ohn(JohnXe'pomuck Maria Joseph),

brother. Aug. 0.
1873. Albert (Albert Frederick Antoine,

&c.), son. Oct. 29.

SAXE-ALTEXBURG, LATE HILDBOURGHAUSEX.

Dukes.

1675. Ernest, the 6th son of Ernest I. of ( 1834. Joseph George
Gotha. Sept. 29.

Frederick, son.

1715. Ernest Frederick I., son.
1724. Ernest Frederick II., son.
1745. Ernest Frederick Charles, son.
1780. Frederick, son. Became, by the

convention of Xov. 12, 1826, D.

of Saxe-Altenburg.

1848. George Charles Frederick, second
son of Duke Frederick, succ. on
his elder brother's abdication,
Xov. 30.

1853. Ernest Frederick Paul George
Xicholas, son. Aug. 3.

SAXE-COBURG AXD GOTHA, LATE SAXE-COBURG-SAALFELD.

Dukes.

1675. John Ernest, 7th son of Ernest I.

Gotha.
1729. Christian Ernest, son.
1745. Francis Joseph, brother.
1764. Ernest Frederick, son.
1800. Francis Frederick, son.
1S06. Ernest Anthonv, son. Father-

1844.

/>fS

law of Q. Victoria. Became, by
the convention of Nov. 12, 1826,
D. of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha,
as Ernest I. ; d. 1844.
Ernest II., son, (Ernest Augustus
Charles John Leopold Alexander
Edward), Jan. 29.

SAXE-GOTHA-ALTENBURG.

Dukes.

1605. Ernest 1., sum. the Pious, 7th son
of John, of Saxe- Weimar, who
was duke in 1573.

1675. Frederick I., son.

1691. Frederick II., son.

1732. Frederick 111., son.

1772. Ernest Louis, son.

1804. Emilius Augustus, son.

1822. Frederick IV., brother; </. Feb. 11,

1825, when the male line of the

familv became extinct.

On the extinction of the line of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburt-;, in 1825, a new
arrangement or political division took place between the princes of

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES. 70

Saxony. By a convention concluded Nov. 12, 1826, Hildbourgliauseu
and Saalfeld were transferred to the house of Meiningen, and the rights
of the late duke of Saxe-Gotha Altenburg were assigned to the two
conceding powers. See Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Alteiiburg, and Saxe-Cohiirg-
Gotha.

SAXE-MEININGEN.

Dukes

1675. Bernard, 3rd. son of Ernest

Sase-Gotha.
1706. Ernest Louis, son.
1724. Ernest Louis, II., son.
1729. Charles Frederick, brother.
1743. Anthony Ulric, uncle.
1763. Augustus Frederick, son.
1782. George Frederick, brother.

1803. Bernard Erich, a minor, son, Dec.
24. Assumed the reins of Govern-
ment, Dec. 17, 1821. Succ. bj
the convention of Nov. 12, 1826,
to Hildbourghausen, Saalfeld,
&c. ; abd.

1866. George II., son., Sept. 20.

SAXE-WEIMAR.

Dukes and Grand Dukes.

Dukes.
1554. John William.
1573. John, son.
1605. John Ernest I., son.
1626. William, brother.
1662. John Ernest II. , son.
1683. William Ernest, son.
1728. Ernest Augustus, nephew.
1748. Ernest Augustus Gonstantine, son.

1758. Charles Augustus, son, assumed the
title of grand-duke in 1815.

Grand Ddkes.

1815. Charles Augustus, above named.
1828. Charles Frederick, son, June 14.
1853. Charles Alexander Augustus, s(

July 8.

SCHWARZBURG.ru DOLSTADT.

Princes.

* * Louis Frederick.

1807. Frederick Gunther, son, Apr. 28.

1867. Albert, brother, June 28.
1869. George Albert, son, Nov. 26.

SCHWARZBURG-SON DERSH AUSEN.

PrIIx'CES.

Gunther, abd. and

by his

1835. Gunther Frederick Charles, Sept. 3

abd. and suee. by his son
1880. Charles Gunther, July 17.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES

SUABIA.

SuABiA was erected into a duchy in the 5th century, and continued to
be governed by its dukes until the 13th, when the reigning family
became extinct on the death of Conradin, who was beheaded at Naples
in 1268. Suabia was eventually divided among a number of petty
princes.

Dukes.

The early dukes are too indistinctly re-
corded to 1)6 named consecutively.

867. Hugh.

916. Burchardt I.

926. Herman I.

949. Ludolph.

954. Burchardt II.

973. Otho I.

982. Conrad I.

997. Hermann.
1004. Herman III.
1012. Ernest I.
101.5. Ernest II.

1030. Herman TV., and Conrad II., emp.
1039. Henry L, emp. as Henry III.
1045. Otho'll.
1047. Otho III.
1057. Rodolph.
1080. Frederick I., de Buren.
1105. Frederick II., de Borgne.
1138. Conrad, D. of Franconia, and emp.
as Conrad III.

1147. Fi-ederick III. Barbarossa, emp. in
1152.

1152. Frederick TV., de Rothemburg, and
D. of Franconia.

1167. Interregnum.

1169. Frederick V.

1191. Conrad, and D. of Franconia.

1196. Philip, elect, emp. in 1198.

1208. Frederick VI.. elect, emp. in 1212 as
Frederick II.

] 219. Henry II.

1235. Conrad lY., elect, emp. in 1250; d.
1254, supposed to have been
poisoned by his illegitimate
brother. Manfred.

1254. Conradin. son of Conrad, an infant ;
this young prince was dep. by
his uncle, Manfred, and beheaded
at Naples, after a defeat in
battle bv Charles, D. of .iVnjou^
in 1268.'

WALDECK— WALDECK AND PYRMONT.

Princes.

* * * I 1845. George Victor, Maj- 15.

George Frederick Henry. j

WURTEMBERG.

The old duchy of Wurtemburg was erected into a kingdom by the
French emperor Napoleon I. in Dec. 1805. This rank was confirmed by
the provisions of the peace of Pi'esburg. The elector Frederick II. was
proclaimed king, Jan. 1, 1806.

Dukes and Kings of Wurtembero.

l>i"^KS. by the emp. Charles V. iu 1519,

1457. Eberbard I., the Bearded, lirst duke, but they were restored to him in

1496. Eberhard 11., le Jeune. 1534.

1498. Ulric ; dispoBSCssod of his dominions 1C50. Christopher, styled the Pacific.

THE BOOK OP DIGNITIES.

1568.
1593.
1608.
1628.
1674.
1677.
1733.
1737.
1793.
1795.

Louis.
Frederick I.
John Frederick.
Eberhard IH.
William Lewis.
Eberhard Louis.
Charles Alexander.
Charles Eugene.
Louis Eugene.
Frederick Eugene.

1797. Frederick II., son, became elector in
1803, and king, Dec. 12, 1805.

Kings.

1806. Frederick I. (late elector Frederick
II.), procl. king, Jan. 1.

1816. William L (William Frederick
Charles), son, Oct. 30.

1864. Charles I. (Charles Frederick Alex-
ander), son, June 25.

FLANDERS.

This country passed early into the hands of Prance, and was governed
by its counts or earls, chiefly subject to that crown, from a.d. 862, until
united with Burgundy in 1384. In 862, Baldwin, the great forester or
ranger of France, having carried oif Judith, the daughter of Charles the
Bald, widow of a king of England, after much difficulty obtained the
king's consent to marry her, and was made eai'l of Flanders.

Counts of Flanders.

862.

Baldwin L, Bras de Fer,

first

1168.

count.

1191.

879.

Baldwin II., sum. the Bald.

1194.

918.

Arnulph I. and Baldwin III.

965.

Arnulph II., le Jeune.

1206.

989.

Baldwin IV., surn. the Bearded.

1233.

1036.

Baldwin V. , le Debonnaire.

1244.

1067.

Baldwin VI., surn. the Good.

1280.

1070.

Arnulph III.

1071.

Robert I., le Frison.

1093.

Robert II., of Jerusalem.

1305.

nil.

Baldwin VIL, a fol?ac/;e.

1322.

1119.

Charles the Good, assass. in

the

1346.

church of Donatianus during

1384.

divine service.

1127.

William de Clito, or Cliton, mortally

wounded at the siege of Alost

1128.

Thierry.

Philip d'Alsace.

Margaret I. and Baldwin VIII.

Baldwin IX., of Constantinople,

Eastern emp. in 1204.
Jane and Ferdinand.
Jane governs alone.
Margaret II., of Constantinople.
Guy de Dampierre, son ; another

son, John d'Avennes, became

count of Holland.
Robert III. , de Bethune.
Louis I., de Crecy, grandson.
Louis II., de Male.
On the death of Louis II. , Philip the

Hardy, D. of Burgundy, succ. by

marriage with his dau. and

heiress, and united Flanders to

his own dukedom.

HAINAULT.

Counts.

875. Regner I
916. Regner II.
932. Regner in.
958. Richer!

* » * *

972. Gamer and Rainald

973. Godfrey the Old and Arnulph.
998. Regner IV.

1013. Regner V.

1030. Rechila, Herman, and Baldwin I.

1051. Rechila.

1070. Baldwin II., of Jerusalem.

1099. Baldwin III.

1120. Baldwin IV., sum. the Builder.

1171. Baldwin V., sum. the Valiant.

1195. Baldwin VI.

82

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1206. Jane.

1244. Margaret, countess of Flanders.
1280. John d'Avennes, her son ; another
son, Guy de Dampierre, by

another husband, became count
of Flanders.
1299. John d'Avennes succ. to Holland.
The provinces united.

HOLLAND. THE NETHERLANDS. BELGIUM.
PRINCES OF ORANGE.

About the lOtli century, Holland and other provinces were governed
by their own counts or dukes. The Netherlands subsequently fell to
Burgundy, next to Austria ; and the emperor Charles V. annexed them
to Spain. The tyranny of Philip II. and the barbarities of the duke of
Alva exasperated the people, and under the conduct of William, prince
of Orauij^e, was formed the famous League of Utrecht, which proved the
foundation of the Republic of the Seven United Provinces. The Nether-
lands were conquered by Napoleon I. and annexed to France, but
recovered their independence and became a kingdom in 1815 ; the
southern part, Belgium, separated from it, and became a kingdom in
1830-1.

Counts of Holland, &c.

Counts of Friesland.

1234.

Thierry I.

«

« * * *

9G3.

Thierry II.

1256

988.

Arnulph the Great.

1296.

1003.

Thierry HI. , of Jerusalem.

1039.

Thierry IV.

1049.

Florence I., of Holland; in whom
the title became merged.

Counts of Holland.

1299.

1049.

Florence I.

1061.

Thierry V.

1304

The previous counts of this name,

1337

Thierry I. II. III. and IV., were

1.345

counts of Friesland. See above.

1356

1091

Florence II. , sum. the Fat.

1389

1122.

Thierry VI.

1404

1157.

Florence III.

1417

1190

Thierry VII.

1433

1203

William I.

1223

Florence ^V^

William II. The pope gave the im-
perial title to this prince on the
death of theemp. Frederick H.

Florence V.

John I. ; on his death, the ancient
house of the counts of Holland
became extinct.

John II. (John d'Avennes) count of
Hainault, succ, and the provinces
became united.

Holland and Hainault.
William III., sura, the Good.
William IV.
Margaret, countess.
William V., sura, the Senseless.
Albert.
William VI.

Jacquclina of Bavaria, countess.
Holland and Hainault came under
the dominion of Philip the Good,
of Burgundy.

GOVEENORS OP THE NETHERLANDS.

1477. Adolphus of Cleves.

1485. Engilbcrt, count of Nassau.

1489. Albert of Saxony.

1494. Philip /(' Beau, assumed the govern-
ment.

1505. William do Croi.

1507. Margaret of Austria.

153L Mary of Austria, dowager Q. of
Hungary, and niece of Margaret.

1555. Emmanuel, D. of Savoy.

1559. Margaret of Austria, duchess of

Parma.

15()7. Ferdinand, D. of Alva.

1573. Louis de llequisons.

1576. John of Austria.

1578. Alexander of Parma.

1592. Peter Ernest, count of Mansfeldt.

1594. Archd. Ernest.

1595. Pedro de Fuentes.
159G. Albert of Austria.

THE BOOK OP DIGNITIES.

83

1599.

The infanta of Spain, Isabella, m.

1682.

the archd. Albert, and both were

1692.

invested with the

sovereign

1701.

power.

1702.

1621.

Isabella, alone.

1706.

1633.

Ferdinand.

1710.

1641.

Francisco Mello.

1714.

1644.

Marq. de Castel Rodrigo.

1716

1647.

Archd. Leopold.

1725

1656.

John of Austria.

1741

1659.

Marq. de Fromiata.

1744

1664.

Marq. de Castel Rodrigo.

1745

1668.

D. de Feria.

1781

1670.

Comte de Monterei.

1675.

D. de Villahermosa.

1793.

1678.

Pr. of Parma.

1795

Marq. de Castanaga.
The elector of Bavaria.
M. Bedmar.

The elector of Bavaria, again.
Council of state.
Conseil la Conference.
Comte de Koenigseck.
Prince Eugene of Savoy.
Mary Elizabeth of Austria.
Count de Harrac Rohrau.
Mary Anne of Austria.
Charles, pr. of Lorraine.
Mary Christina of Austria,

Albert of Saxony, jointly.
The archd. Charles.
United to France.

Dutch Stadtholders.

1579. William of Nassau, first stadtholder.

See "Princes of Orange," infra.
1587. Prince Maurice of Nassau.
1625. Frederick Henry of Orange.
1647. William II. of Orange.
1650. The stadtholderate suppressed and

the office administered by the

states.

1672. William III., pr. of Orange. In 1689
he became K. of England.

The stadtholderate again resumed
by the states, on the death of
William.

William IV. The stadtholderate re-
vived in William IV., and made
hereditary in the house of Orange.

1702.

1747.

Princes of Orange.

1502.
1530.
1544.

1584.

1618.

1625.
1647.

The years of the stadtholderate are 1660.

not always in unison with those

of the princes of Orange.
Philibert de Chalons.
Rene de Nassau.
William of Nassau, styled the Great, 1702.

cousin to Rene'. To this prince j 1711.

the republic of the Seven United | 1751.

Provinces owed its foundation.

Elected stadtholder in 1579;

killed by an assassin hired by 1795.

Philip if. of Spain, June 30, 1584.
Philip William, son, stolen away 1806.

from the university of Louvaine ;

the Dutch would never suffer him

to reside in their provinces ; d. 1806.

1618.
Maurice, the renowned general,

stadtholder in 1587 ; he was the 1810.

younger son of William by a 1813.

second marriage.
Frederick Henry.
William II., in. Mary, dau. of Charles

I. , of England, by whom he had a

posthumous son, who succeeded as

William III., stadtholder in 1672.
This pr. m. Mary, eldest dau. of
James II. of England, and both
afterwards ascended the English
throne.

William IV.

William V.

William VI., retired on the invasion
of the French in 1795 ; d. in
1806.

Holland and Belgium united to the
French republic.

William Frederick suce. his father,
WiUiam VI., as pr. of Orange de
jure.

Louis Buonaparte, made K. of
Holland by his brother Napoleon^
June 5, 1806 ; abd. July 1, 1810.

Holland again united to France.

House of Orange rest. William Fre-
derick, pr. of Orange, procl. Dec.
6, 1813; took the oath of fidelity
as sov. pr. Mar. 30, 1814, and
assumed the style of K. of the
Netherlands, Mar. 16, 1815.

KiNos OF THE Netherlands. Kings of Holland.

1815. William I., late pr. of Orange, above-
named, first king, abd. in favour
of his son, Oct, 7, 1840 ; d. Dec.
12, 1843.

1840. William II., succ. on his father's
abdication, Oct. 7.

1849. William III. (William Alexander
Paul Frederick Louis), Mar. 17.
Since the separation of Belgium
in 1830, the K. of the Nether-
lands is often called in popular
language, the K. of Holland.

84

THE BOOK OP DIGNITIES.

The Belgian Revolution commenced Aug. 25, 1830. A provisional
Government was appointed, who declared Belgium independent, Oct. 4.
The sovereignty was offered to Louis Charles, due de Nemours, second
son of Louis Philippe, king of the French, but declined. It was next
offered to Leopold, pr. of Coburg, by whom it was accepted.

KiKGS OF THE BELGIANS.
1831 Leopold I. (Leopold George Christian I 1865. Leopold U. (Leopold Louis Philippe-
Frederick), elected July 12. | Maria Victor), son, Dec. 10.

LUXEMBURG.

SiGEFKiD was first count in the 10th century, and the province continued
to be governed by independent counts or dukes until it was sold to-
Burgundy in 1444. The princes of Luxemburg became of considerable
note and several of them have been emperors of Germany. The
present dynasty of the Netherlands has the title of grand-duke of
Luxemburg.

Counts oe Dukes of Lxjxembuug.

965. Sigefrid.

998. Frederic.
1019. Gilbert or Giselbert.
1057. Conrad L
1086. Henry I.
1096. ^Yilliam.
1128. Conrad II.
1136. Henrj- IL, surn. the Blind, gov. 60

years.
1196. Ermensind and Theobald.
1214. Ermensind and Waleran.
1226. Henry IH., surn. the Great.
1275. Henry IV.

1288. Henry V., elect, emp. in 1308, aa

Henry VIL ; said to have been

poisoned.
1309. John, K. of Bohemia ; killed at the

battle of Cre9y, in 1346.
1346. Charles, elect, emp. in 1347, aa

Charles IV.
1353. Wenceslasl., D.
1383. Wenccslas II., emp.
1388. Jossus, le Darbu.
1411. Antony of Burgundy.
1451. EUzabeth de Gorlitz.
1444. Luxemburg united to Burgundy.

SPAIN. ARRAGON. CASTILE.

Spain was anciently divided into a number of petty states. The counts
of Castile became possessed of Leon, Oviedo, and Toledo, whic-h had
been separate territories ; and, after many years, the kingdom ot Castile
was united to that of Arragon by the marriage of IsaUella, qneeu ot
Castile, with Ferdinand, king of Arragon, in 1474. Ferdinand, by the
conquests of Navarre and Granada, entirely put au end to the dominion
of the Moors ; and we may hence date the foundation of the present
monarchy.

Kings of Spain.

Reion of the Goths.
40G. Alaric, K. of the Goths.
411. Ataulfo ; murdered by his soldiers.
415. Sigerico ; reigned a few weeks only,
415. Viilia, or Wallia.

420. Theodoric I. ; killed in a battle,

which he gained, against Attila.

421. Thorismund, or Toi rismund ; assasa.

by his favourite.
452. Theodoric II. ; assass.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

466. Euric, or Evarico.
484. Alaric II. ; killed in battle.
•507. Gesalric, his bastard son.
511. Almaric, legit, son of Alaric.
531. Theudis, or Theodat ; assass.

548. Theudisela, or Theodisele ; mur-

dured for female violation.

549. Agila ; taken prisoner, and put to

death.
554. Atanagildo.

567. Liuva, or Levua I.

568. Leuvigildo ; associated on the throne

with Liuva, in 568, and sole king

in 572.
585. Recaredo I.
€01. Liuva II.
€03. Vitericus
610. Gundemar.

€12. Sisibut, or Sisebuth, or Sisebert.
€21. Recaredo IL
€2a. Suintila ; dethr.
€31. Sisenando.
640. Tulga, or Tulca.
€41. Cindasuinto ; d. 652.
€49. Recesiiinto ; associated on the throne

this year, and in 652 became sole

king.
€72. Vamba, or Wamba ; deth. and d. in

a monastery.
€80. Ervigius, or Ervigio.
687. Egica, or Egiza.
€98. Vitiza, or Witiza ; associated on the

throne ; in 701 sole king.
711. Rodrigo. or Roderic ; slain in

battle.

Second Monarchy.

718. Pelagius, or Pelayo ; overthrew the
Moors, and put a stop to their
conquests.

737. Favila ; killed in hunting.

739. Alfonso the Catholic.

757. Froila I. ; murdered his brother Sa-
maran, in revenge for which he
was murdered by his brother and
successor,

768. Aurelius, or Aurelio.

774. Silo, the Saracen.

783. Mauregato, the Usurper.

788. Veremundo (Bermuda) I.

791. Alfonso IL, the Chaste.

«42. Ramiro I.

*50. Ordogno, or Ordono I.

866. Alfonso III., sum. the Great, re-
linquished his crown to his son,

310. Garcias.

914. Ordogno, or Ordono II.

923. Froila II.

925. Alfonso IV., the Monk ; abd.

927. Ramiro II. ; killed in battle.

950. Ordogno, or Ordono III,

955. Ordogno, or Ordono IV.

956. Sancho I. , the Fat ; poisoned.
967. Ramiro in.

982. Veremundo II. (Bermuda) the

Gouty.
999. Alfonso V. ; killed in a siege.
1027. Veremundo IIL (Bermuda) ; killed.

The above were kings of Asturiae, of
Oviedo, or of Leon.

Kings of Navakre.

905. Sancho Garcias (Sancho I.)

926. Garcias I.

970. Sancho II.

994. Garcias II., sum. the Trembler.
1000. Sancho III. , surn. the Great.
1035. Garcias IIL
1054. Sancho IV.
1076. Sancho Ramirez (Sancho V.), K. of

Arragon.
1094. Peter of Arragon.
1104. Alfonso I. of Arragon.
1134. Garcias Ramirez.
1150. Sancho VI., surn. the Wise.
1194. Sancho VII., surn. the Infirm.
1234. Theobald L, count of Champagne.
1253. Theobald II.
1270. Henry Crassus.
1274. Juanna ; m. Philip the Fair of

France, 1285.
1305. Louis Hutin of France.
1316. John ; lived but a few days.
1316. Philip V. the Long, of France.
1322. Charles I., the IV. of France.
1328. Juanna and Philip, count d'Evereux.
1343. Juanna alone.
1349. Charles II. , or the Bad.
1387. Charles IIL, or the Noble.
1425. John II. , aft. K. of Arragon.
1479. Eleanor.
1479. Francis Phoebus.
1483. Catharine and John d'Albret.
1512. Navarre conq. by Ferdinand the
Catholic.

Kings of Castile.

1035. Ferdinand the Great, of Leon and
Castile.

1065. Sancho II. the Strong, son. Alfonso
in Leon and Asturias, and Gar-
cias in Galicia.

1072. Alfonso VL the Valiant, K. of
Leon.

1109. Urraca and Alfonso VIL

1126. Alfonso VIIL, Raymond,

1157. Sancho IIL, sum. the Beloved.

1158. Alfonso IX. , the Noble.

Leon is separated from Castile, and
Ferdinand king.

1214. Henry I.

1217. Ferdinand III., the Saint, and the
Holy. In him Leon and Castile
were perpetually united.

1262. Alfonso X. the Wise.

86
1284.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES,
the Great, and the

.Sancho IV.,
Bravo.
1294. Ferdinand IV.
1312. Alfonso XI.

1350. Poter the Cruel, dep. Reinstated
by Edward the Black Prince of
England; aft. slain by his sub-
jects.
1368. Henrj' II. , the Gracious ; poisoned.
1879. John I. ; he united Biscay to

Castile.
1390. Henry III., the Sickly.
1406. John II. , son.
1454. Henry IV., the Impotent.
1474. Ferdinand V., the Catholic, in
whom, by his marriage with
Isabella, queen of Castile, the
kingdoms of Castile and Arragon
were united.
1504. Joan, or Jane, dau. of Ferdinand
and Isabella, and
Philip I. of Austria. On her
mothers death Joan succ, jointly
with her husband Philip ; but
Philip dying in 1506, and Joan
becoming an imbecile, her father
Ferdinand continued the reign;
and thus perpetuated the xmion
of Castile with Arragon.

{See Sicili/.)

K. of
Navarre.

(See
Nnratre.^

Kings of Aeragom.
1035. Ramiro I.
1063. Sancho Ramirez.
1094. Peter of Navarre.
1104. Alfonso the Warrior.
1134. Ramiro II., the Monk.
1137. Petronilla, and Raymond, count of

Barcelona.
1162. Alfonso II.
1196. Peter II.
1213. James I.

1276. Peter III., son. This prince con-
trived the horrible massacre
known as the Sicilian Vespers, in
1282.
1285. Alfonso III., the Beneficent.
1291. James II., sum. the Just.
1327. Alfonso IV.
1336. Poter IV. , the Ceremonious.
1887. John I.
1396. Martin I.
1410. Interregnum.

1412. Ferdinand the Just, K. of Sicily.
1416. Alfonso V.. the Wise.
1458. John II., K. of Navarre, brother;

d. 1479.
1479. Ferdinand V., tho Catholic, the
next heir ; by his marriage with
Isabella of Castile, the kingdoms
wore united.

Kings of Spain.
1612. Ferdinand V., the Catholic. This
prince having conquered Granada

and Navarre, became king of all
Spain.

1516. Charles I., grandson, son of Joan of
Castile and Philip of Austria;
became emp. of Germany, as
Charles V. in l.')19 ; res. both
crowns, and retired to a mo-
nastery.
1556. Philip li., son, K of Naples and
Sicily ; wj. Mary, queen regnant
of England; annexed Portugal
1580.
1598. Philip III., son.
1621. Philip IV., son, who lost Portugal

in 1640.
1665. Charles XL, son, the last prince of
the Austrian line ; nominated,
by will, as his successor
1700. Philip v., D. of Anjou, grandson of
Louis XIV., of France; hence
arose the war of the succession,
terminated by the treaty of
Utrecht in 1713,
1724. Loxiis I., who reigned only a few

months.
1724. Philip v., ac/ain.
1745. Ferdinand VI.. sum. the Wise.
1759. Charles III., K. of the two Sicilies,
brother ; on ascending the Spanish
throne he renounced th« Sicilies
to his third son Ferdinand.
1788. Charles IV. , son ; abd. in favour of

his son and successor
1808. Ferdiaand VII., whom Napoleon I.

forced to resign.
1808. Joseph Buonaparte, brother of Na-
poleon I. ; dep.
1814. Ferdinand VII., rest.
1833. Isabella II., dau. (Maria Isabella
Louisa), l>. Oct. 10, 1830; succ.
her father Sept. 29. while yet in
her third year. The Salic law, ex-
isting in Spain, had been formally
abolished by Ferdinand, under a
decree, March L'9, 1830. by virtue
of which the order of succession
was altered in favour of his
daughter, to the exclusion of
his brothers, Don Carlos and Don
Francis.

Repitblic.

1868. Revolution commenced about Sept.
17. and Prov. Govt, apptd. Sept.
19.

The Queen deprived of the crown by
the Prov. Govt. Sept. 29, and
loaves Spain Sept. 30 : aft. abd. in
favour of her son, Alfonso, Juno
25, 1870. A " Junta " api)ointod
to carry on tho Government, Pros.,
— D'Aguirro.

Marshal Francisco Serrano y Doniin-
guoz due do la Torre apptd. Pres.
of Prov. Govt., Oct. 4.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1869. Serrano's appointment confirmed bj^

the Cortes, Feb. 22-25; hereditary
monarchy resolved on by the
Cortes as the future form of Govt.,
May 21.
New constitution procl., June 6.
Serrano procl. Regent of the
monarchy, June 18.

Monarchy kestored. — Italian line.

1870. Amadeus Ferdinand Maria, Duke of

Aosta,son of Victor Emmanuel II.,
K. of Italy, chosen king, Nov. 16;
procl., Nov. 17 ; accepts the crown,
Dec. 4; takes possession, Dec. 30.
1873. K. Amadeus abdicates, Feb. 11, and
leaves Spain.

Second Republic.
1873. New Govt, chosen by the Cortes.
Pres. — 1. Figueras.

2. Pi y Margall.

3. Nicholas Salmeron y
Alonso, July 18.

4. Emilio Castelar, Sept. 8.
1874. Castelar resigns, Salmeron takes

his place, and the Cortes dissolved
by force by Gen. Pavia, Jan. 3.
New Ministry under Presidency of
Serrano, Jan. 4.

Monarchy restored. — Bourbon Line.

1874.

1886.

Alphonso XII. (A. Francis d'i
Ferdinand, &c.),son of Isabella II. ,
procl. Dec. 30; d. Nov. 25, 1885,
leaving two daughters, the elder
Maria Mercedes Isabella, and a
widow, Maria Christina, who gave
birth to a son

Alphonso XIII. ; b. May 17, and
succ. to the throne at his birth.
His mother, Q. Maria Christina,
was appointed Regent.

NAVARRE.

See France and Spain.

Navakre was conquered by Cbarlemange in 778, but shortly after-
wards obtained or asserted its independence. Garcias Ximines (860) is
named as the first king. The principal dates and changes of monarchy
are given below. The greater part of Navarre, that lying to the
south of the Pyrenees, now belongs to Spain. The part lying to the
north of the Pyrenees, sometimes called lower Navarre, now belongs to
France.

Sovereigns op Navarre.

778.
860.

1035.
10—.
1076.

1134.
* *
1234.

1274.

Navarre conquered by Charlemagne,
* * * *

Independence of Navarre decl. and
Garcias Ximines made king.
» * * *

Sancho III., K., d. 1035. He divided
his dominions and Navarre fell
to his son

Garcia III.

Sancho IV., son, who was in

Conq. and succ. by his cousin
Sancho V. (Sancho Ramirez of
Arragon), (see Spain and Arra-
gon) ; and the two kingdoms re-
mained united until the death of
Alfonso I. in

when Garcia IV. was elected K.

Sancho VII.

Theobald I., Count of Champagne,
adopted heir of Sancho VII.

Joanna I., grand-dau. of Theobald I.,
m. 1284, Philip of France, aft.

1305.
1316.

1316.
1322.

1328.

1349.

1387.
1425,

1479.

Philip IV., whereby for some

years the crown of France and

Navarre were united ; d. 1305.
Louis, son, aft. Louis X. of France^
John I., K. of France, posthumous

son, lived a few days only.
Philip V. of France, bro. to Louis X4
Charles I. (Charles IV. of France) ;

d. without male issue ; whereupon

France and Navarre were again

separated.
Joanna II., dau. of Louis X., and

wife of Philip Count d'Evereux,

crowned 1329.
Charles II., son.
Charles III. , son.
Blanche, dau., wife of John, son of

Ferdinand, K. of Arragon.
John II, husband, who seized the

crown to the prejudice of Blanche's

sonCharles; became K. of Arragon

in 1458.
Eleanor, dau., wife of Gaston de

Foix; d. same year.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1479. Francis Phoebus, son or grandson.
1483. Catherine, sister, wife of John

D'Albret. who being placed under

a ban by the pope

1512. Ferdinand V. of Arragon, seized the
whole of his dominions south of
the Pyrenees and annexed them
to Spain.

LOWER NAVARRE, NOW PART OF FRANCE.

1516. Henry II., son of Catherine and John
D'Albret,succeeded to the remnant
of his parents dominions.

1555. Joanna III., wife of Anthony de
Bourbon.

1572. Henry HI., son or grandson, be-
came Henry FV. of France in
1589.

1607. Lower Navarre united to France.

PORTUGAL.

Portugal submitted to the Eoman arms about 250 b.c, and under-
went the same changes as Spain on the fall of the Eoraau empire.
Conquered by the Moors a.d. 713. They kept possession till they were
vanquished by Alfonso VI., the Valiant, of Castile, assisted by many
other princes and volunteers. Among those who shone most in this
expedition was Henry of Burgundy, grandson of Robert, king of France.
Alfonso bestowed upon him Theresa, his natural daughter, and, as her
marriage portion, the kingdom of Portugal, which he was to hold of
him. Portugal fell under the Spanish yoke in 1580, but shook it off in
1640, since which time the Braganza family has reigned.

Kings op Poetugal.

1093.
1112.
1128.
1139.

1185.
1212.
1223.
1248.
1279.
1325.
1357.
1367.
1384.

1433.
1438.
1481.
1495.
1521.
1557.

Henry, count or Earl of Portugal. I

Alfonso I. , son, and Theresa.

Alfonso, alone.

Alfonso decl. king, having obtained
a signal victory over a prodigious
army of Moors on the plains of
Ourique.

Sancho I., son.

Alfonso 11. , sum. Crassus, or the Fat.

Sancho II., or the Idle ; dep.

Alfonso III.

Denis, or Dionysius.

Alfonso IV.

Peter the Severe.

Ferdinand I., son.

John I., the Bastard, and the
Great, natural brother; m. Phi-
lippa, dau. of John of Gaunt, D.
of Lancaster.

Edward.

Alfonso v., the African.

John II., the Great, and the Perfect.

Emmanuel, the Fortunate, cousin.

John IIL, son.

Sebastian ; slain in the battle of
Alcazar, in Africa, Aug. 4, 1578,
when the crown reverted to his
great uncle

1578.
1580.

1640.

1656.

1683.
1706.
1750.

1777.
1786.

Henry, the Cardinal, son of Em-
manuel.

Anthony, prior of Crato, son of
Emmanuel ; dep. by Philip II. of
Spain, who united Portugal to
his other dominions, till 1640.

John IV., D. of Braganza, dis-
possessed the Spaniards in a
bloodless revolution, and was
procl. king, Dec. 1.

Alfonso VI., dep. in 1668, and his
brother and successor Peter made
regent ; the latter ascended the
throne in

Peter II.

John v., son.

Joseph, son. The daughter and
successor of this prince in. his
brother, by dispensation from the
pope, and they ascended the
throne, as

Maria (Frances Isabella) and Peter
III., jointly.

Maria, alone ; this princess after-
wards foil into a state of melan-
choly and derangement.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

8S

1792. Regency. John, son of the queen,
and aft. king, decl. regent of the
kingdom.

1816. John VI., previously regent. He
had withdrawn in 1807, owing to
the French invasion of Portugal,
to his Brazilian dominions, but
returned in 1821 ; d. in 1826.

1826. Peter IV. (Dom Pedro), son, making
his election of the empire of
Brazil, abd. the throne of Portugal
in favour of his daughter

1826. Maria II. (da Gloria), who became
queen at 7 years of age.

1828. Dom Miguel, brother to Peter IV.,
usurped the crown, which he re-
tained, amid civil contentions,
until 1833.

1833. Maria II., rest., decl. in Sept. 1834
(being then 15) to be of age, and
assumed the royal power accord-
ingly.

1853. Pedro v., son, Nov. 15. His father,
pr. Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-
Gotha, acted as regent until Sept.
16, 1855.

1861. Louis I. (Louis Philippe Mary),
brother, Nov. 11.

RUSSIA.

Etissia was peopled by numei-ous tribes who were comprehended in
the general name of Scythians. Eurick was great duke in the 9th
■century ; and Vladimir or Waldimir, called the Apostle and the Solo-
mon of Russia, was the first Christian sovereign in the 10th. His
marriage with Ann, sister of the Eastern emperors Basil and Constan-
tine, led to the adoption of the doctrines of the Greek Church in his
dominions. The history of Eussia previous to the last three or four
<!enturies is involved in much obscurity, and it does not appear that any
•of the states existing in this vast tract of country were considerable, or
that the events connected with them differed much from those of other
barbarous nations.

Dukes, Czaes, and Emperors.

Dukes of Kiov.
Rurick.
Igor.

^Olega, regent.

"i^Swiatoslaw or Spendoblos.
Jaropalk I.
Vladimir, Wladimir, or Waldimir I.,

styled the Great.
Jaraslaw or Jaroslaf I.
Isjialaw I.
Wsewolod I.
Swiatopalk.
Vladimir II.
Mtislaw or Michael I.
Jaropalk II.

(Wiatschelaw.

tWsewolod II.

flsjialaw II.

"j^Rostislaw.
Jurie or George I. ; the city of
Moscow was built by this duke.

Grand-Dukes of Wladimir.

(Andrew I. until 1175. first Gr. D.

tMichael II.
1177. Wsewolod IIL

(Jurie or George H.

(Constantino , until 1218.
1238. Jaraslaw II.

S62.

S45.
972,

1015.
1054.
1078.
1093.
1114.
1125.
1132.
1138.
1139.
1146.
1154.
1155.

1157.

1213.

1245. Alexander Nevski or Newski, the

Saint, son.
1263. Jaraslaw III.
1270. Vasali or Basil I.
1277. *Dmitri or Demetrius I.
1284. *Andrew II.
1294. *Daniel Alexandrowitz.
1302. *Jurie or George III., dep.
1305. *Michael III.
1320. *Vasali or Basil IL
1325. * Jurie or George III., rest.

Geand-Ddkes of Moscow.
1328. Ivan or John L
1340. Simon, sum. the Proud.
1353. Ivan or John IL
1359. Demetrius II. , pr. of Susdal.
1362. Demetrius III.. Donskoi.
1389. * Vasali or Basil III, Temnoi.
1425. Vasali or Basil IV.
1462. Ivan (Basilovitz) or John IH., laid

the foundation of the present

monarchy.
1505. Vasili or Basil V., obt. the title of

emp. from Maximilian I.

* Doubtful, owing to the difficulty that
occurs at every step in early Russian
annals.

90

1533.
1584.

1598.
1606.

1606.
1610.
1613.

1645.

1676.
1682.

1689.

1725.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Czars of Muscovy.

Ivan (Basilovitz) IV. first tzar or
czar (great kiiij/) in 1547.

Feodor or Theodore I. ; .supposed to
have been poisoned, and his son
Demetrius murdered by his suc-
cessor

Boris Godonof, who usurped the
throne.

Demetrius, the Impostor, a young
Polonese monk, pretended to be
the murdered pr. Demetrius ; put
to death.

Vasili Chouiski, or Zuinski.

Interregnum.

Michael Federowitz, of the house of
Romanof, desc. from the czar
John Basilovitz.

Alexis, son, styled the Father of
his coimtrj'.

Feodor or Theodore II.
(Ivan V. and
"(Peter I., brothers.

Emperors.
Peter I. the Great, alone ; took the

title of emp. in 1721, founded St.

Petersburg, and elevated the

empire.
Catherine I., his consort; at first

the wife of a Swedish dragoon,

who is said to have been killed on

the day of marriage.
1727. Peter II., son of Alexis Petrowitz

and grandson of Peter the Great ;

dep.
1730. Anne, duchess of Courland, dau. of

the czar Ivan.

1740. Ivan VI., an infant, grand-nephew

to Peter the Great, immured in
a dungeon for 18 years ; murdered
in 1762.

1741. Elizabeth, dau. of Peter the Great,

reigned durirg Ivan's captivity.

1762. Peter III., son of Anne and of Charles
Frederick, D. of Holstein Gottorp ;
dep., and died soon after, supposed
to have been murdered.

1762. Catharine II.. his consort. She ex-
tended the Russian territories on
all sides ; d. 1796.

1796. Paul, son, found dead in his cham-
ber ; supposed to have been
murdered.

1801. Alexander, son.

1825. Nicholas I. (Nicholas Paulowitch),
brother, Dec. 1.

1855. Alexander II. (Alexander Nicolae-
witch), son. Mar. 2 ; assass.

1881. Alexander III. (Alexander Alexan-
dre witch), son. Mar. 13.

POLAND.

The Poles were originally a tribe of Sclavonians; settled on the banks
of the Danube, but they removed at an early period to the Vistula,
where they became intermingled with the Goths. Their early history is
very obscure, and is known chiefly from the accounts of writers of other
nations. The country was for a long time governed by elective chiefs
bearing the title of duke, no dynasty having been established before the
sway of Piastus (842) whose family ruled for several centuries. The
Crown became afterwards strictly elective by a Diet, or assembly of the
nobles, who chose from among themselves a king, upon every vacancy
occasioned on the throne by death. Since the dismemberment of
Poland, each portion has been under the sovereignty of the power by
which it was seized.

Dukes and Kings of Poland.

Dtke.s.
842. Piastus.
861. Ziemovitus, son.
892. Lesko or Lcscus IV.
913. Ziemomislas, son.
964. Miecislas I.

Kings.
992. Boleslas I., surn. the Lion-hearted ;
obt. the title of king from the
emp. Otho III.

1025. Miecislas II.

1034. Richenso or Richsa, his consort,
regent ; driven from the govern-
ment.

1037. Interregnum.

1041. Casimir I., her son, surn. the
Pacific ; ho had retired to a
monastery, but was invited to
the throne.

1058. Boleslas II., sum. the Intrepid.

1081. Ladislas, surn. the CareloBs.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

91

1102.

1138.
1146.
1173.
1177.
1194.
1200.

1206.
1227.

1279.
1289.
1295.
1296.
1300.
1304.
1333.

1370.
1382.
1385.

1399.

1434.

1445.
1445.
1492.
1501.
1606.
1548.

1573.
1574.

Boleslas III., sum. Wry-mouth.

Ladislas II., son.

Boleslas IV., sum. the Curled.

Mieeislas III., sum. the Old ; dep.

Casimir II., sum. the Just.

Lesko V. , surn. the White ; res.

Mieeislas IV. ; his tyranny restored
Lesko, but the latter was again
forced to resign.

Ladislas, res.

Lesko v., a third time ; assass.

Boleslas V., an infant son, sum. the
Chaste.

Lesko VI., surn. the Black.

Interregnum.

Premislas ; assass.

Ladislas IV., surn. the Short; dep.

Wenceslas, K. of Bohemia.

Ladislas, the Short, again.

Casimir III. , surn. the Great ; killed
by a fall from his horse.

Louis, K. of Hungary.

Interregnum.

Hedwige, daii. of Louis, and her
consort, Jagello, D. of Lithuania,
by the style of Ladislas V.

Ladislas V. alone ; he united Lithu-
ania to Poland.

Ladislas VI., son, succ. as K. of
Hungary 1440.

Interregnum.

Casimir IV.

John (Albert) I., son.

Alexander, pr. of Livonia, brother.

Sigismund I., brother.

Sigismund II. (Augustus), son, added
Livonia to his kingdom.

Interregnum.

Henry, D. of Anjou, brother to the

1586.

1587.

1632.
1648.

1668.
1669,

1674.

1697,
1697.

1704.

1709.
1734.
1763.
1764,
1772.

1793.
1795.

K. of France: aft. succ. to the
French throne.

Stephen Batthori, pr. of Transyl-
vania, established the Cossacks
as a militia.

Interregnum.

Sigismund III., son of the K. of
Sweden, to the exclusion of Maxi-
milian of Austria, elected by the

Ladislas VII. (Vasa), son.

John II., or Casimir V. ; abd. and
retired to France, where he d.
1672.

Interregnum.

Michael Koributh Wiesnowiski. In
this reign the Cossacks joined the
Turks, and ravaged Poland.

John III. (Sobieski), whose victories
over the Cossacks, Turks, and
Tartars procured him the crown.

Interregnum.

Frederick Augustus I., son of John
George, elector of Saxony, and
elector in 1694 ; depr.

Stanislas I. (Lezinski), forced to
retire from his kingdom.

Frederick Augustus, again.

Frederick Augustus II., son.

Interregnum.

Stanislas II.(Augustus Poniatowski).

The Austrians, Russians, and Prus-
sians make their first partition of
Poland.

Second division of the kingdom by
the same powers.

Final partition of Poland, and depo-
sition of the king, who died at
St. Petersburg, a state prisoner,
in 1798.

SWEDEN AND NORWAY.

The internal state of Sweden is little known previously to the 11th
century. By the union of Calmar, in 1394, Sweden became a mere
province of Denmark, and was not rescued from this subjection until
1521, when Gustavus Vasa recovered the kingdom from the Danish
yoke. For this he was raised to the throne in 1523, and the crown
made hereditary in his descendants, who reigned until 1809. In this
year, Gustavus IV., having brought the nation to the verge of ruin by
his misgovernment, was deposed, and the duke of Sudermania became
king. The next year Bernadotte was elected successor to the throne,
which he ascended in 1818.

NOEWAY, which had belonged to Denmark from 1397, was ceded to
Sweden by the treaty of Kiel, signed January 14, 1814, and confirmed
by the Diet, October 14, same year.

92

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Kings op Sweden.

Many antiquaries trace the reigns of
the kings of Sweden as early as
from the 5th century, and place
Swartman as sovereign in 481,
A.D. But the authorities so differ
in the early successions, that the
present list is made to commence
with the 11th century.

1001. Olaf Skotkonung, or Olif Schcet-
konung.

1026. Amund or Edmund Colhrenner.

1051. Amund or Edmund Slemme.

1056. Stenkill or Stenchil.

1066. Halstan.

1090. Ingeld or Ingo, sum. the Good.

1112. Philip.

1118. IngoII.

1129. Swerker or Suercher I.

1150. Eric X.

1162. Charles VII. ; made prisoner by his
succ.

1168. Canute, son of Eric X.

1192. Swerker or Suercher II. ; killed in
battle.

1210. Eric XI.

1220. John I.

1223. Eric XII., le Begue.

1251. Waldemar.

1279. Magnus I.

1290. Birgerll.

1320. Magnus II. ; dethr.

1363. Albert of Mecklenburg: his tyranny
caused a revolt of his subjects,
who invited Margaret of Denmark
to the throne.

1387. Margaret, Q. of Sweden and Nor-
waj', now also of Denmark, and
Eric XIII.

1397. Union of Calmar, by which the three
kingdoms were united under one
sovereign.

1412. Eric XIII. governs alone ; deprived.

1441. Christopher III.

1448. Charles VIII., sum. Canuteson.

1470. Interregnum.

1483. John II. (I. of Denmark).

1502. Interregnum.

1520. Christiern or Christian II. of Den-
mark, styled the " Nero of the
North"; dep.

1523. Gustavus Vasa, by whom the
Swedes were delivered from the
Danish yoke.

1560. Eric XFV., son, deth. ; d. in prison.

1568. John III., brother.

1592. Sigismund, K. of Poland, son ; dis-
putes for the succession continued
the whole of this reign.

1604. Charles IX., brother of John III.

1611. Gustavus (Adolphus) IL, the Great;
fell on the plams of Lutzen.

1633. Interregnum.

1633. Christina, dau. of Gustavus Adol-
phus ; res. the crown to her
cousin ; d. 1689.

1654. Charles X. (Gustavus), son of John
Casimir, count palatine of the
Rhine.

1660. Charles XI., son.

1697. Charles XII., styled the "Alex-
ander," the " Quixote," and the
" Madman of the North "; killed
at the siege of Frederickshall.

1719. Ulrica Elcanora, sister, and her con-
sort Frederick I. Ulrica relin-
quished the crown, and in

1741. Frederick reigned alone.

1751. Adolphus Frederick, of Holetein
Gottorp, descended from the
family of Vasa.

1771. Gustavus (Adolphus) III. ; assass.
by count Ankerstrom at a masked
bkU.

1792. Gustavus (Adolphus) IV. Deth.,
and the government assumed by
his uncle, D. of Sudermania.

1809. Charles XIII. , D. of Sudermania.

1814. Treaty of Kiel, by which Norway
fell vmder the sovereignty of
Sweden. Signed Jan. 12, con-
firmed by the Diet, Oct. 12.

Kings of Sweden and Norway.

1814. Charles XIII., above-named.

1818. Charles XIV. Feb. 5. Jean Baptists
Jules Bernadotte, one of the
Marshals of Napoleon I. of France.
On being nominated successor to
Charles XIII. Aug. 21, 1810, he
took the name of Charles .John.

1844. Oscar I. (Joseph Francis Oscar),
son. Mar. 8.

1869. Charles XV. (Charles Louis Eugene),
son, July 8.

1872. Oscar II. (Oscar Frederick), brother,
Sept. 18.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

DENMARK.

The name Denmark is supposed to be derived from Dan, a founder of
the Danish monarchy, and marJc, a German word signifying country,
i.e. Dan-mark, the country of Dan. The people, however, were but
little known in history until they began to made inroads into Grermauy
and to commit piracies in the northern seas under various designations,
as Norwegians or Northmen, Swedes, Frizans, Jutes, or Scuyths, or
Danes. Norway was possessed by Denmark from the reign of the cele-
brated Margaret, " the Semiramis of the North," in the 15th century,
until 1814, when it was united, as an integral state, to the sovereignty
of Sweden.

Kings of Denmaek.

813.
850.
854.
883.
935.
985.

1014.

1042.

1047.
1073.
1077.
1080.
1086.
1095.
1103.
1105.
1135.
1137.

1147.

1157.
1182.
1202.
1241.
1250.

1252,
1259.
1286.
1320.
1334.
1340.
1375.

The Danish Chronicles mention 25
kings to the reign of Harald ; but
the accounts differ much from the
modern histories of Denmark by
the best authors.

Harald, or Harold.

Eric I.

Eric II., or the Child.

Gormo, the Old ; reigned 53 years.

Harald II., sum. Blue-tooth.

Suenon, or Sweyn, sum. the Forked-
beard.

Canute II., K. of Denmark and
England.

Canute III., son, the Hardicanute of
England.

Magnus, sum. the Good, of Nor-
way.

Suenon or Sweyn II.

Interregnum.

Harald III., sui-n. the Simple.

Canute IV.

Olaus IV., surn. the Hungry.

Eric III., surn. the Good.

Interregnum

Nicholas I. ; killed at Sleswick.

Eric IV., surn. Harefoot.

Eric v., the Lamb.

(Suenon or Sweyn III. ; beheaded.

(Canute V., until 1154.

Waldemar, styled the Great.

Canute VI. , surn. the Pious.

Waldemar II., the Victorious.

Eric VI.

Abel, assass. his elder brother Eric;
killed in an expedition against
the Frisons.

Christopher I. ; poisoned.

Eric VII.

Eric VIII.

Christopher II.

Interregnum of 7 years.

Waldemar III.

Interregnum.

1376.

1387.

1397.

1412.

1438.
1440.
1448.

1481.
1513.

1523.

1534.
1559.

1588.

1670.
1699.

1730.
1746.

1766.

Olaus V.

Margaret, styled the "Semiramis

of the North," Q. of Sweden,

Norway, and Denmark.
Margaret and Eric IX. (Eric XIII.

of Sweden) jointly.
Eric IX. reigns alone ; res. both

crowns.
Interregnum.

Christopher III., K. of Sweden.
Christian I., count of Oldenburg,

elect. K. of Scandinavia, which

comprehended Denmark, Sweden

and Norway.
John, son.
Christian II., son, called the Cruel,

and the ' ' Nero of the North,"

deth. 1523 ; d. 1559.
In this reign, Sweden succeeded in

separating itself from the crown

of Denmark.
Frederick I., D. of Holstein, uncle to

Christian II.
Christian III., son.
Frederick II., son.
Christian IV., son ; head of the

Protestant league against the emp.
Frederick III., changed the consti-
tution from an elective to an

hereditary monarchy vested in

his own family.
Christian V., soo.
Frederick IV., son, leagued with

the Czar Peter and the K. of

Poland against Charles XII. of

Sweden.
Christian VI., son.
Frederick V., son, m. the prs.

Louisa of England, dau. of George

II.
Christian VII., son, m. Caroline

Matilda, sister of George III. In

a fit of jealousy he banished his

queen to Zell, where she died in

■94

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1775, and put to death his minis-
ters Brandt and Struensee.

1784. Regency. The cr. pr. Frederick
decl. regent, in consequence of
the mental derangement of his
father.

1808. Frederick VI., previously regent,
now king.

1839. Christian VIH., son, Dec. 3.

1848. Frederick VII. (Frederick Charles
Christian), son, Jan. 20.

1863. Christian IX., son of Frederick Wil-
liam, D. of Schleswig-Holstein-
Sonderburg - Glucksburg, Nov.
15. Succ. under the convention
of London, May 8, 1852, and the
Danish Law of Succession of
July 31, 1853.

TURKEY.

The sovereigns of Turkey are given under Asia, but the subordinate
princes of its European Provinces are given under Europe.

See Table of Contents.

DANUBIAN PRINCIPALITIES.
WALLACHIA. MOLDAVIA. ROUMANIA.

Fnder the sovereignty of Turkey and protection of Russia.

WALLACHIA AND MOLDAVIA.

Eeom 1832 to 1834 the government of the two principalities of Wallachia
and Moldavia was administered by Greneral Kisseleff. It was intended
that as soon as he had established a settled form of government
separate " Hospodars " for the two principalities should be elected.

HOSFODARS OF WaLLACHIA.
1834. Alexander Ghika, Oct. 14 ; dep.

1842.

1849.
1856.

Oct. 1842.
George Bibesco, res., June 25, 1848;

Prov. Gov. until appointment of
Dimitri Barbo Stirbey, June IG.
PrinceAlexander Dimitri Ghika,July.

Hospodars op Moldavia.
1834. Michel Stourdza, res.
1849. Gregory Alexander Ghika, .Tunc
16.

1856. Theodore Ritza Balsch, July 19.

1857. Nicolas Stefanaki Vogorides, ^lar.

7.

WALLACHIA AND MOLDAVIA UNITED.

Constitutional government esta])lished under Treaty of Paris, March
30, 1856, and Convention, August 19, 1858.

Princes.

1859. Alexander I. — Alexander .John
(Colonel A. .1. Couza), elect, for
Moldaviii, Jan. 17, and for
Wallachia, Feb. 5.

1861.

The two principalities united under
the name of Roumania, Dec. 23,
Pr. Alexander becoming Hos-
podar.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

95

HospoDAR, Prince, and Kings of Roumania.

1861 Alexander I. , above-named, became I
Hospodar, Dec. 23 ; abd. Feb. 22,
1866 ; and Prov. Gov. procl.

1866. Charles I., second son of j^r. Charles

Antony, of Hohenzollern-Sigma-
ringen, elect, hered. pr., Mar. 26;
election confirmed Oct. 24; procl.
K. of Roumania, Mar. 26, 1881.

BULGARIA.

This principality is under the sovereignty of Turkey. It was created
•under the Treaty of Berlin, July 13, 1878. Eastern Roumelia was
united to it September 1885.

Princes op Bulgaria.

1879. Alexander I. (Alexander Joseph),
son of pr. Alexander of Hesse, and
of pr. Julia of Battenburg ; elect,
by the National Assembly, April
29 ; forcibly abducted, Auw. 21,
1886, returned to Sophia, Sept.
3, 1886; abd. Sept. 7, 1886.

Regency appointed, Aug. 26, 1886 ;
continued to act after pr. Alex-
ander's abdication.
1887. Ferdinand, pr. of Sase-Coburg ;
elect. Julv 7.

SERVIA.

This principality formerly belonged to Turkey, and is still nominally
subject to that empire.

Princes of Seevia.

1829. Miloschl., recog. as hered. pr. by

Turkey, Aug. 15 ; abd. June

1839.
1839. Michael, son; abd. 1842.
1842. Alexander Carageorgevics, recog.

by Turkey Sept. 29, and gov. from

Oct. 26 ; abd. 1858.
1858. Milosch II. (Alexander Milosch

Obrenovitch), Dec. 23.

1860. Michael IH. (Michael Obrenovitch),
son, Sept. 26; assass. June 10,
1868.

1868. Milan IV. (Milan Obrenovitch), June
30 ; procl. K. Mar. 6, 1882.

Kings of Sertia.
1882. Milan IV., above-named. Mar. 6.

MONTENEGRO.

A SMALL state under the administration of the family of Petrovich
ll^jegosch.

Princes op Montenegro.

Daniel I.

1860. Nicholas I., Aug. 13.

96

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

GREECE.

This country anciently consisted of the peninsula of the Peloponnesus,
Greece outside the Peloponnesus, Thessalj, and the islands ; the limits
of modern Greece are much more confined. It became subject to the
Turkish empire in the 15th century, and has but recently again become
a separate state. The treaty of London, on behalf of Greece, between
England, France, and Russia, was signed in Oct. 1827 ; count Capo
d'Istria was declared president in Jan. 1828, and assassinated 9lh Oct.,
1831. The Porte acknowledged the independence of Greece in April,
1830. It was afterwards erected into a kingdom, of which Otho I. of
Bavaria was made king.

King of Greece.

1832. Otho, 2nd son of Louis Charles, K.
of Bavaria, h. Junel, 1815, elect.
K. subject to a regency, Mar. 7 ;

assumed power, June 1, 1835 ;
dep. 22nd, and quitted Greece
24th Oct. 1862 ; d. July 26, 1867.

Change of dynasty under the Protocol signed by France, England,
and Russia, dated 6th June, 1863. Under this the Ionian Islands were
annexed to Greece.

King of the Hellenes.

1863. George I. (Pr. William, of Schles-
wig - Holstein - Sonderburg -
Glucksburg), son of Christian

IX., K. of Denmark, accepted the
crown, June 6 ; sworn to constn.
Oct. 31.

IONIAN ISLANDS.

The Ionian Islands are now united to Greece. For a list of the English
Lord High Commissioners appointed prior to the union see Part II.,
" Diplomatic."

SOVEREIGNS AND RULERS OF ASIA.

JERUSALEM.

This kingdom began with its capture by the first crusaders, who
elected as king, in 1099, Godfrey de Bouillon, the chief commander of
the expedition, though he chose to be called, from motives of piety, the
"advocate or defender of the holy sepulchre." The crown of Jerusalem
descended from Godfrey de Bouillon to the house of Anjoii, afterwards
to Guy de Lusignan, and, in 1210, to John de Brienne. The emperor

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

97

Frederick having married the daughter of this last, was invested with
all her rights, which, however, he did not care to assert ; and the pos-
session of Jerusalem being no longer an object of ambition the city
became, what it had been before Godfrey's invasion, a place of pil-
grimage.

Kings of Jerusalem.

1099. Godfrey de Bouillon, chosen by the 1186. Guy de Lusignau,

first" crusaders. Took Jerusalem

1192.

Conrad and Isabella.

from the Turks, 1099, and was

1192.

Henry.

procl. king.

1197.

Frederick.

1100.

Baldwin I.

1197.

Amaurus deLusiguan, K. of Cyprus.

1118.

Baldwin II.

1205.

Interregnum.

1131.

Fulke, count of Anjou.

1210.

John de Brienne ; aft. associate emp.

1142.

Baldwin III., son.

of the East.

1162.

Amaiirus I.

1229.

Jerusalem surrendered by the sultan

1173.

Baldwin IV.

of Egj-pt to the emp. Frederick.

1 IS.-,.

Baldwin Y.

OTTOMAN OR TURKISH EMPIRE.

The Turks are of Tartar descent. There is a rapid river called Turk,
running into the Caspian Sea, from which some suppose this people to
take their name. About the year a.d. 800 they obtained possession of
a part of Armenia, called from them Tui'comania ; and they afterwards
gradually extended their power. Their dominions, divided for some
time into petty states, were united under Othman, from whom his
subjects obtained the name of Ottomans. He established his empire
Prusa, in Bithynia, in the year 1299, and his successors extended their
conquests over the adjacent parts of Asia, Africa, and Europe. In 1453
Constantinople was taken by Mahomed II., which put an end to the
Eastern Empire.

Turkish Emperors or Sultans.

1326.
13G0.
1389.

1402.

1410.
1413.
1421.
1451.

1481
1512.
1520.
1566.
1574.

1.595

Othman, or Ottoman, who assumed
the title of Grand Seignior.

Orchan, son.

Amurath I. ; stabbed by a soldier.

Bajazet I., son; defeated by Tamer-
lane, and died imprisoned.

Solyman, son ; dep. by his brother
and successor.

Musa Chelebi; strangled.

Mahomed I., also son of Bajazet.

Amurath II.

Mahomed II., son ; by whom Con-
stantinople was taken, in 1453.

Bajazet II. ; dep. by his son

Selim I., who succ.

Solyman the Magnificent, son.

Selim II., son.

Amurath III., son : on his accession
he caused his five brothers to be
murdered, and their mother, in
grief, stabbed herself to death.

Mahomed III., son; commenced his
reign by strangling all his brothers.

and drowning all his father's
wives.
1603. Ahmed, or Achmet I., son.

1617. Mustapha I., brother; dep. by the

Janissaries, and imprisoned.

1618. Osman L, nephew; strangled by

the Janissaries, and his uncle
restored.

1622. Mustapha I., a/ya Hi ; again dep., sent

to the Seven Towers, and
strangled.

1623. Amurath IV.

1640. Ibrahim, brother; strangled by the

Janissaries
1649. Mahomed IV., son; dep. and died

imprisoned.
1687. Solyman III., brother.
1691. Ahmed, or Achmet II.
1695. Mustapha II., nephew, eldest son

of Mahomed IV. ; dep.
1703. Ahmed, or Achmet IH., brother;

dep. ; d. 1736.
1730. Mahmud, or Mahomed V., nephew.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1754. Osman II., brother.

1757. Mustapha III., brother.

1774. Abdul Ahmed I.

1788. Selim III. ; dep. by the Janissaries,

and his nephew raised to the

throne.

1807. Mustapha FV. ; dep., and, -with the

late sultan, Selim, murdered.

1808. Mahmudll.

1839. Abdul Medjid, son, July 1.

1861. Abdul Aziz, brother, June 25; dep.

May 29, 187G; committed suicide

(?), June 4.
1876. Amuiath V. (Mahomed Murad),

nephew, procl. May 30, 1876;

dep. Aug. 30.
1876. Abdul Hamid II., brother, procl.

Aug. 31.

EGYPT.

This country is still nominally under the suzerainty of Tm;key ^J^^
conquered it^ in 1517. It was then governed by B^y«..|^l\.;^^,^^^,^
1799 when the French took possession and remained till expelled
by the English in 1801, when the Turkish government was restored.
Shortly afterwards Mehemet Ali was appointed pacna, and he from time
to tinie rebelled against the sovereignty of Turkey with a view to
establishing Egyptian independence. These struggles terminated in
1841 by tlie PachLlic or Viceroyalty of Egypt being made hereditary in
Mehemet All's family.

Viceroys of Egypt.

1841. Mehemet Ali, July 15, abd.
1848. Ibrahim, adopted son, Sept. 1.
— Abbas, son of Tussun Bey, eldest son
of Mehemet Ali, Nov. 10.

1854. Siiid, 4th son of Mehemet Ali, July 14.
1863. Ismail, son of Ibrahim, Jan 18 ; dep.

or abd., June 26, 1879.
1879. Tewfik (Mahomed Tewfik). son,

June 26.

1204.

Alexis I.

1222.

Andronicus I.

1235.

John I.

12,38.

Manuel I.

1263.

Andronicus II.

1266.

George.

1280.

John II.

1285.

Theodora.

1285.

John II., again

1297.

Alexis II.

1330

Andronicus III

1332.

Manuel II.

TREBIZOND.

Emperors.

1332. Basil.

1340. Irene.

1341. Anna.

1343. John III.

1344. Jlichael.

1349. Alexis III.

1390. Manuel III.

1417. Alexis IV.

1446. John IV.

1458. David.

1461. Conquered by the Turks

ARABIA.

Caliphs of Arabia, sometimes styled Caliphs of Bagdad

632. Abubeker. 661. ^Jj-J-^.^^j^^ ^^,^^ 661-750.

634- Omar. ^^^ Abbasides ruled 750-1258.

644. O hman. ^^^ Haroun-Al-Raschid, d. 809

€55. All.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

M9

PERSIA.

At the partition of the dominions of Alexandei* the Great among his
captains, Persia was annexed to the Syrian kingdom of Seleucus Nicator,
but did not continue long so, for in the reign of Antiochus Theos,
Arsases vindicated the independence of his country, and founded the
monarchy of the Parthians. In the 3rd century of the Christian era a
great internal convulsion took place, which terminated in the accession
of the dynasty of the Sassanides, who restored the name, with the
religion and laws of Ancient Persia. This government was overthrown
by the Saracens ; and the successive invasions by the descendants of
Zingis or Zenghis Khan, Timur, and by the Turks, changed entirely the
aspect of Western Asia. Persia was the main theatre on which the
Saracens contended for mastery with these invaders, and she suffered
all the miseries to which a nation can be exposed from the devastation
of barbarous and sanguinary hordes. At length, early in the 16th
century, a new dynasty arose.

Kings of Persia.

559. Cyrus.
529. Cambyses.
522. Smerdis.
521. Darius I.
485. Xerxes I.
465. Artabanus.
4G5. Artaserxes I.
425. Xerxes II.

425. Sogdianus.

424. Darius II.

405. Artaxerses II.

359. Ochus.

338. Arses.

336. Darius III.

Shahs of Persia.

1502.

Ismail, or Ishmael.

1523.

Tamasp, or Thamas I.

1576.

Ismail Meerza.

1747.

1.577.

Mahomed Meerza.

1748.

1582.

Abbas I., the Great; d. 1627.

1750

1627.

Shah Soofe.

1753.

1641.

Abbas II.

1779.

1666.

Solyman.

1780.

1694.

Hessein, dep.

1781.

1722.

Mahmoud.

1785.

1725.

Ashraff, the Usurper ; slain

in

1788.

battle.

1789.

1729.

Tamasp, or Thamas II., recovered
the throne of his ancestors from

the preceding.

1794.

17;'-2.

Abbas III., infant son, under

the

1798.

regency of Kouli Khan, who aft.

1834.

caused himself to be procl.

as

1848.

Nadir Shah.

1736.

Nadir Shah (the victorious Regent),

assass. by his nephew at Koras-

san.
Adil Shah.
Shah Rokh.
Interregnum.
Kureem Khan.
Abool Fatteh Khan.
Interregnum.
Ali Moorad Khan.
Jaffier Khan.
Interregnum.
Looft Ali Khan ; betrayed into the

hands of his successor, who put

him to death.
Aga Mahomed Khan, assass.
Feth Ali Shah.
Mahomed Shah, grandson.
Nasr-ul-Din, or Nausser-ood-deen,

or Nasser-ud-deen Shah, son.

Sept. 4 or 10.

100

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1627. Chwang-lei.
1644. Shun-che.
1662. Kang-he.
1723. Yung-ching.
1736. Keen-lung.
179"). Koa-King.

CHINA.

Empeeoes,

1821. Taou-Kwang.

1850. Hienfung, succ. Feb. 25, to date

from Feb. 1, 1851.
1861. Ki-tsiang, or Tsai-sung, changed to

T'oungchih, Aug. 22.
1875. Tsai-t'ien, changed to Kuangsu,

Jan. 12.

* Komei Tonno.

JAPAN.

MiKADOS OE Empeeoes.

I 1 sr,7. Moutz Hito, Feb. 13.

SIAM.

Kings.

First King.
Phra Bat Somditcb Phra Paramindr
Maha Chulalon-Korn Phra Cula
Chom Klaochow Yu Hua. Oct. 1.

Second Kino.
His son, Kroma Phraratscha, &c.

Note. — The spelling of tliese sovereigns' names differs in every authority consulted by
the Editor.

SOVEREIGNS AND RULERS OF AFRICA.

LIBERIA.

This republic was founded in 1822 by the A.merican Colonization
Society, and declared independent in July 1847.

Presidents op Libeeia.

I S48. Joseph Jenkins Roberts. Jan.
I.S56. Etienno A. Benson. Jan.
l.s(;4. Daniel Basil Warner. Jan.
ISCiH. James Spriggs Payne. Jan.
ISTO. Edward .James Royo, Jan. .'5;
Oct. 1871.

dcp.

1872. Joseph Jenkins Robort.s. u

Jan. 1.
1876. James Spriggs Payne, «//niii. Jn
1878. Anthony W. Gardner. Jan. 7.

1883. A. J. Russell. Jan

1884. Hilary R. W. Johnson. Jan. 7.

1810. Radama I., K.
1828. Ranavolona I., Q.
1861. Radama II., K.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

MADAGASCAR.
Kings and Queens.

1863. Rasoherinal., Q. May.
1868. Ranavolona II., Q. Apr. 1.
1883. Ranavolona III.. Q. July 13.

MOROCCO.

Sultans.

1822. Muley Abd-er-Rhaman.
1859. Sidi Muley Mahomed. Sept.

1873. Muley Hassan, son, succ. Sept. 20,
procl. Sept. 25.

ORANGE FREE STATE.

Placed under the sovereignty of the British Government Feb. 3, 1848 ;
declared independent Feb. 23, 1854 ; constitution proclaimed April 10,
1854 : revised Feb. 9, 1866.

Peesidents.

1854. * * *

1859. J. T. Hoffmann.
1864. John Henry Brand,
1869.

1st time,
^nd. May 4.

1874. John Henry Brand, 3rd. May 5.
1879. .. ' 4th. Feb. 10.

1883. .. knighted.

1884. .. .5th.

TRANSVAAL REPUBLIC.

Declaration of independence, Jan. 17, 1852 ; constitution proclaimed,
Feb. 13, 1858.

Presidents.

1869. M. W. Pretorius. May 19.

1872. T. F. Burgers. May 27, to act
from July 1.

1877. Annexed to Great Britain. Apr.
12.

1881. Independence restored under suze-
rainty of Great Britain, Aug.

1880. S. J. P. Kriiger)
M. W. Pretorius l
P. J. Joubert )

Elected a triumvirate until the elec-
tion of a president, Dec.
1883. S. J. P. Kriiger, elect, pres..
May 9.

TUNIS.
Beys.

1835. Mustapha.
1855. Sidi Mahomed.

June.

1859. Mahomed Es Sadok, brother. Sept.

23.
1882. Sidi Ali. Oct. 28.

102

TUE BOOK OF DIONITmS.

ZANZIBAR.

1866. SeyyidMajid.

Sultans.

1870. Seyyid Barg»Bh-Bon-Said. brother

Oct. 7.
1888. Seyyid Khalif, Mar. 26.

SOVEREIGNS AND RULERS OF AMERICA.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

The provinces of North America which revolted from the sovereignty of
GreatTitain were first styled "the United States," by a resolution of
congress Sept. 9, 1776. Their independence was acknowledged by
Great Britain Nov. 30, 1782, and a definitive treaty of peace between
Great BrS, France; Spain, and the United States, was signed at
Paris, Sept. 3, 1783. The United States now comprise—

Original States.

New Hampshire.
Massachusetts.
Rhode Island.
Connecticut.
New York.
New .Jersey.
Pennsylvania.
Delaware.
Maryland.
Virginia.
North Carolina.
South Carolina.
Georgia.

States suusbquentlv

ADDEl).

Vermont.

Tennessee.

Kentucky.

Ohio.

Louisiana.

Indiana.

Mississippi.

Illinois.

Alabama.

Maine.

Missouri.

Arkansas.

Michigan.

Florida.

Texas.

Iowa.

Wisconsin.

California.

Minnesota.

Oregon.

Kansas.
Nevada.
Colorado.
West Virginia.
Nebraska.

Teukitokieb.

New Mexico.

Utah.

Washington.

Dakota.

Arizona.

Idaho.

Montana.

District.

Columbia.

Presidents op the United States.

178'.).

1793.
1797.
1801.
180.-..
1809.
1813.
1817.
1821
182.->.
1829.

Gen. George Washington, first pre-
sident. Apr. 30.
Gen. Washington, (i<ialn. Mar. 4.
John Adams. Mar. 4.
Thomas Jofterson. Mar. 4.
.Jefferson, (ifjaiu. Mar. 4.
.James Madison. Mar. 4.
Madison, again. Mar. 4.
.James Monroe. Mar. 4.
Monroe, ayain. Mar. 4.
John Quincy Adams. Mar. 4.
Gen. Andrew Jackson. Mar. 4.

1833.
1837.
1841.

1845.
1849.

1850.
1853.
18.57.
18G1

Gen. Jackson, again. Mar. 4.

Martin Van Buren. Mar. 4.

Gen. Wm. Honry Harrison. Mar.

4. ; </. Apr. 4.
John Tyler, vice-pres. Apr. 4.
James Knox Polk. Mar. 4.
Gen. Zacharv Taylor. Mar. 4 ; d.

July 9. ISV.O.
Millard Fillmore, vice-pres. July 9.
Gen. Franklin Pierce. Mar. 4.
James Buchanan. Mar. -1.
Abraham Lincoln. Mar. 4.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

103

1805. Lincoln, again. Mar. 4

Apr. 14," d. Apr. 15, 18G5.
— Andrew Johnson, vice-pres. , Apr.
15.

18G9. Gen. Ulysses Simpson Grant.
Mar. 4.

187;^. Gen. Grant, again. Mar. 4.

1877.
1881.

1885

Rutherford B. Hayes. Mar. 4.
James Abram Garfield. Mar. 4.

Shot July 2, d. Sept. 19,

1881.
Chester A. Arthur, vice-pres., Sept.

19.
Grover Cleveland. Mar. 4.

Note. — The President's term of otRce commences on the 4th March, but he is elected
in the November previous.

MEXICO. VERA CRUZ.

MEXICO.

Mexico became independent of Spain in 1821. It lias since been in a
very unsettled condition, as will be seen by the following

Summary of the Peincipal Changes of Government.

1821.
18.36.

1821.
1822.

1823.
1824.
1837.
1841.
1844.

Independence declared. Au<(.
Recognised by Foreign States, and

ultimately by Spain, under treaty

of Dec. 28.
Regency from Sept. 28.
Empire under Iturbidi (Augnstin

1st). May 18.
Prov. Gov. Mar. 19.
Federal Repub. Oct. 10.
Central Republican Gov. Jan. 1.
Dictatorship. Oct. 10.
New Central Gov. June 4.

1846. Re-establishment of the Federal
Repub. Aug. 4.

1853. Prov. Gov. Jan. 6.

1853. Repub. under Santa Anna and his
successors. April 20.

1858. Separation of Vera Cruz. Feb.

1861. Vera Cruz re-united. June.

1862-1864. Civil war ; intervention of
France ; ultimate establishment of
an empire under Archd. Maximi-
lian of Austria, April 10, 1864.

1867. Emp. Maximilian shot. June 19.
Repub. re-established.

Rulers of Mexico — Emperors, Presidents, and Dictators.

It is believed that the following list contains every ruler who held the Government
for any definite period, but in the many revolutions and insurrections which have taken
place dictators or presidents were sometimes in power only a few weeks or even a few
days.

1821. Augustin Iturbidi, Generalissimo.

1822. Ditto, emp. as Augustin I.

1823. Gens. Guerrero, Bravo, and Negreti,

diet.

1824. Gen. G. Victoria, pres.
1827. Gen. Guerrero, pres.

1829. Ditto, diet.

1830. Gen. Anastasio Bustamente, pres.
1832. Gen. Pedraza, pres.

1835. Gen. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna,

pres.

1836. Jose J. Caro, pres.

1837. Bustamente, again, pres. AjDril.
1840. Gen. Farias, pres.

j 1841.
1843.

[ 1845.

i 1847.
1 1848.
; 185L
1852.
I 1853.
; 1853.

1855.
I 1856.

Bustamente, again, pres.

Gen. Valentine Canalize, pres., ad.

int.
Gen. Jose Joaquim Horrera, pres

Sept. 26.
Gen. Paredes, pres.
Herrera, again, pres. May 3.
Gen. Mariano Arista, pres. June 23
M. J. Ceballos, pres.
S. M. Lombardini, pres.
Santa Anna, again, diet.. Mar. 17,

pres. April 25.
Juan Alvarez, pres. Oct. 31.
Gen. IgnatioComonfort, pres., aof int.

104 THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1858. Gen. Felix Zuloago, pros. Jan. 22. . 1867. Juarez, a;/ain, pres. Dec. ; d.

1859. Gen. Miguel Miramon. pres. Feb. i July IH, 1872.

1859. Gen. Benito Juarez, pres. Dec. i 1872. SebastianLerdodeTejada, pres. Nov.

1861. Juarez, diet. 1877 Porfirio Diaz, pres. May 5.

1864. Maximilian I. (archd. of Austria), 1880. Manuel Gonzales, pres. Dec. 1.

emp., April 10; shot June 19, 1884. Diaz, a;,a{n, pre.s. Dec. 1, as from

iy67. ' J*°- ^i- l'^'*^-

VERA CRUZ.

Vera Cruz was separated from Mexico Feb. 1, 1858, and re-united in
June 1861. During its separation it was under the presidency or dic-
tatorship of Gen. Benito Juarez.

HAYTI. ST. DOMINGO. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC.

This island (whose Indian name of Hayti was changed by the Spaniards
to Hispaniola and afterwards to St. Domingo) was a Spanish colony
from Dec. 1492 to 1630. It was then seized by French freebooters, and
ultimately taken possession of by the French Government in 1697.
The native negroes revolted against the French in Aug. 1791, and
massacred the whites in June 1793. The French Directory recognised
the insurgent general, Toussaiut L'Ouverture, as general of the army in
1794, and he declared the island independent of France, and granted
a separate constitution, May 9, 1801. He was afterwards defeated by
the French, by whom he was made prisoner, May 7, 1802, and died in
France 1803.' Soon after his defeat there was a fresh insurrection by
the negroes under Dessalines, and eventually the island was evacuated
by the French in Nov. 1803. Dessalines then became emp. as James I.,
Oct. 8, 1804, but was assassinated, Oct. 17, 1806. The island was then
divided, the negroes forming a kingdom in the north under the name of
Hayti, and the mulattoes forming a republic in the south under the
name of St. Domingo. In Nov. 1820 these two divisions were re-united
and formed into a free state under the presidency of Boyer, who was
named Eegent for life, and the independence of the Kepublic was
recognised by France, April 17, 1825. In 1843 another revolution
occurred, which resulted in the deposition and the secession of St. Domm-
go and the eastern part of Hayti, who formed themselves into a separate
state under the title of the Dominican Republic. Hayti has since main-
tained a separate existence, sometimes as an empire and sometimes a
republic.

The Dominican Republic was re-united to Spain by declaiution ot
March 18, 1861, accepted by the Queen of Spain on May 20 following;
but it again revolted in 1863, and was finally renounced by Spain, May
5, 1865. Since that time it has continued a republic.

RULERS OF HAYTI AND ST. DOMINGO.

The whole Island.

1794. Toussaint L'Ouverture, ^(on. in chief; made prisoner May 7, lb02; </. lf<0:{.
1802-3. The island under the dominion of France.

1804. John James Dessalines, emp. under title of James I.. Oct. M, 1S04 : nsnass Oct.
17, 1806, and the island divided

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.
Hatti. St. Domingo.

106

1807. Hy. Christopher, pres. Feb.
1811. Ditto, made emp. under title of
Henry I. Mar. ; d. Oct. 1820.

1807. Alexander Petion, pres. ; d. 1818.
1818. John Peter Beyer, pres. ; under
whom the Island was again united.

The whole Island.

1820. John Peter Boyer, elected regent for life, Nov. ; dep. 1843, and the island again
divided.

Hayti.

1843. — Pierrot, pres.

1846. John Baptist Riche, pres.

1847. Faustin Soulouque, pres. Mar.
1849. Ditto, made emp. as Faustin I.

A\\g. 26. Abd. Jan. 15, 1859;

d. Sept. 1, 1867.
1858. Dec. Revolution, under which, in
1858. A republic procl. , and Gen. Nicholas

Fabre Geffrard made pres. Feb.

22.
1862. Victoriano Castellanos, pres.
1866. Gen. Sylvanus Salnave, pres.
1870. Gen. Nissage Saget. Mar. 19, to

act from May 15.
1874. Gen. Michel Domingue. June 14,

to act from May 15.
1876. Gen. Boisrond Canal. July 17, to

act from May 15.
1879. Gen. Salomon. Oct. 22, to act

from Nov. 17 ; re-elect. July 6,

1886.

Dominican Republic.

1844. Pedro Santana, pres.

1849. Bonaventura Baez, pres.

1853. Santana, again, pres. Mar. 23.

1856. Baez, again, pres. Oct. 8.

1858. Jose Desiderio Valverde, pres.

1859. Santana, again, pres. Feb. 6.
1861. Reunited to Spain.

1865 Baez, again, pres. of Prov. Gov.,

but dep. Nov. 14.
1865. Jose Maria Cabral, pres.

1865. Baez, again, pres.

1866. Cabral, again, pres. Oct. 6.
1868. Baez, again, pres.

1873. Gen. Ganier d'Abin. Oct.
1876. Igucio Maria Gonzales.

1879. Gen. Caesareo Guillermo, pres.

May 10.

1880. Fernando Arturo de Merino, pres.

July, to act from Sept. 10.
1882. Gen. Ulysses Heureaux, pres. July,

to act from Sept. 4.
1884. Francisco G. Bellini, pres. July,

to act from Sept.
1886. Heureaux, again, pres. July, to

act from Sept.

CENTRAL AMERICA.

GUATEMALA.

SAN SALVADOR. NICARAGUA. COSTA RICA.
HONDURAS.

The large tract of country, now known as " Central America," was for-
merly part of the Spanish province of Guatemala. It declared its
independence Sept. 21, 1821, separated from the Mexican Confederation
July 1, 1823, and formed a federal republic until 1839-40, when it was
divided into five sei:)arate states, viz. : —

Guatemala. San Salvador. Nicaragua. Costa Rica.
Honduras.

Presidents op Guatemala
1847. Gen. Raphael Carrua ; re-elect. |

1851 ; elect, for life, 1 854 ; d.
1865.

106

1865. Vincent Cerna. May 3.
1871. Miguel Garcia, prov. pres. Oct.
1873. J. Rufino Barrios. May 7.
1882. Jose Maria Orantes. prov. pres.
July 1.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1883. J. Rvifino Barrios, pres. Jan.

10.
1885. Manuel L. Barillas, pres. ad int.

Apr. 10, Perm. pres. Mar. 16,

1886.

Presidents of San Salvador.

* * Vasconcelos.

1852. Francisco Duciias. Mar. 1.

* * Jose' Maria San Martin.
1856. Raphael Campo.

1858. Miguel Santin del Castillo. Jan. 2a.

1859. Gerard Barrios, charged with

executive power Mar. 15.

1860. Barrios, elect, pres. for 6 years,

Feb. 1.

18G3. Ducnas, a^ain. prov. pres.. Nov. ;

pres. April 18G5.
1871. Gen. St. Juan Gonzales, prov. prea.

April; pres. Feb. 1. 1872.
1876. Andrew Valle. Feb.
1876. Rafael Zaldivar y La/.o. May, to

act from July 22.
1885. Gen. Francisco Menendez. June

ly.

Presidents of Nicaragua.

* * Laurcano Pineda.

1853. Gen. Fruto Ghamorro. Feb. 26.

1855. Gen. Nanose, supreme director.

1856. Gen. Patricio, supreme director.

1857. Gen. Thomas Martinez. Nov. 15.
1867. Fernando Guzman. Mar. 1.

1871. Vicente Guadra. Feb. 1.

1875. Pedro Joaquin Ghamorro.

1879. Joaquin Zavala. Mar. 3.

1883. Adan Cardenas. Mar. 4.

1885. Ghamorro (Kjuin. Mar.

1887. Evaristo Cavaza.

Feb. 1.

Presidents of Costa Rica.

1853. Juan Raphael Mora, May; re-elect.

May 4, 1859.
1859-1860. Revolution took place in which

the pres. Mora was expelled, Aug.

14, and Jose' Maria ]\Iontcalegra

app. prov. pres. ; he was aft.

elect, pros. Feb. 7, 1860.
1863. Je'sus Ximenes. April.
1866. Jose' Maria Castro. May 8.

1872.
1876.
1876.
1877.
1878.

1882.
1885,

Gen. Tomas Guardia. May 8.
Aniceto Esquivel. May 8.
Vicente Hcrrera. July 31.
Sergio Camargo. May.
Constitution susp. and Guardia app.

prov. pres.
Prospero Fernandez. Aug. 10.
Gen. Bernardo Soto. Mar. ; re-elect.

May 11, 1886.

1852. Gen. Trinidad Cabafias.

1855. Gen. Santos Guardiola ; assass. Jan,

11, 1862.
1862. Vittoriano Castellanos. vice-pres.

1868. Castellanos d., and Jose' Francisco
Montez. app. prov. pres.

Presidents op Honduras.

1863. Gen. Jose' Maria Medina, prov.

pres. ; elect pres. Feb. 1864.
1872. Celeo Arias, prov. pres.. Aug.
* '^ P. Leiva, prov. pres.
1877. Marco Aurelio Soto. May 29.
1883. Gen. Luiz Bogran. Nov. 27.

COLOMBIA.

REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA. UNITED STATES OF COLOMBIA. XEW
GRANADA. VENEZUELA. ECUADOR. PAN. \ MA.

These countries originally constituted the old Spanish colony of Now
Granada. They revolted against the mother country in 1811, and the

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES. 107

war continued until 1824. In 1819 they formed themselves into the Re-
public of Colombia, but during the years 1829-31, dissensions arose, and
they were ultimately divided into the three separate republics of

New Granada. Venezuela. Ectjadoe.

NEW GRANADA. UNITED STATES OF COLOMBIA.

New Granada continued as a separate republic until 1863. In 1855
Panama seceded from it, but was reunited in 1863, the two countries
then taking the title of the United States of Colombia.

Presidents of New Granada.

* * * * I ^^^^- Mariano Ospina. Elected Sept. 30,

1845. Tornas Cipriano de Mosquera. April. | to act from April 1. 1857.

1853 Gen. Jose Maria y Obando. April. I 1861. Gen. Tomas Cipriano de Mosquera

1855. Manuel Maria Mallarino. April. | Jiily 20.

Presidents of United States of Colombia.

1863. Gen. T. 0. de Mo.squera above-

named. Feb.

1864. Manuel Murillo Toro.

1866. Gen. Mo.squera affain ; dep. 1867.

1867. Gen. Santos Acosta, prov. pres.,

May 23.

1868. Gen. Santiago Gutierrez. April 3.
1870. Gen. Eustorjio Salgar. April.

1872. Toro ai/aiii. April.

1874. Santiago Perez. April.

1876. Aquileo Parra. April.

1878. Gen. Julian Trujillo. April.

1880. Gen Rafael Nunez. April.

1882. Francisco J. Zaldua. April.

1883. T. E. Otalora. April.

1884. Nuilez again. Aug. 11.

Panama separated from New Granada by Act of Congress, Feb. 27,
1855.

Presidents of Panama.

1855. Justo Arosemena, prov. chief.

1856. Gen. Bartolomeo Calvo, Oct. 11.
1858. Jose' de Obaldia. Sept.

1862. Santiago de la Guardia ; killed in an
insurrection, Sept. 1862.

1862. Manuel Maria Diaz.

1863. New Federal Constitution of May 8

procl. June 15. 1863. and Panama
became part of the United States
of Colombia.

VENEZUELA.

Venezuela separated from the Republic
(See Republic of Colombia sujjra.)

of Colombia about 1829.

Presidents of Venezuela.

1831. Jose Antonio Paez.

At the expiration of his term of
office, Vargas was nominated his
succ, but was opposed by
Jose Tadeo Monagas. Disputes
arose, to settle which Paez was
called in to restore order, and he
remained in power first as vice-
pres., and then as pres., until 1842.

1842. Carlos Soublette.

1846. Civil war broke out between the
coloured population, headed by
Paijz, and the European popula-
tion, headed by Monagas. who
was again set up as pres. Ulti-
mately, in January 1848. Paez
was forced to fly, and on Aug. 14,
1849. was taken prisoner.

108

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

* * Gen. Jose Tadeo Monagas, pres. 1869.

Re-elect. Jan 20, 1855. 1870.

1858. Gen. Julian Castro ; abd. July 1859,

and Pedro Gual adni. the gov.

until the arrival of the vice-pres., I

Manuel Felipe Tovar.

1860. Tovar, pres. April 10. j

1861. Pacz again, pres., with power of 1877.

diet. Sept. 8.
1863. Gen. Juan Chrysostome Falcon; 1879.

prov. pres. June 17 ; procl. pres. j

by Congress Mar. 18, and sw. ; 1884.

June 8, 1865. 1886.

1868. Monagas again, prov. i)res.

Ruperto Monagas, prov. pres.

Revolution under which Gen. Antonio
Guzman Blanco proclaimed chief
of Prov. Gov.. April 27; con-
firmed by Congress as prov. pres.
of the Repub. , July 13 ; elected
pres. Feb. 20. 1873'

Gen. Francisco Linarez Alcantara.
Feb. 27.

Gen. Blanco tif/ain, prov. pres. May
12; pres. Mar. 20, 1880.

Gen. Joaquin Crespo. May.

Gen. Blanco again. Sept. 14.

ECUADOR.

Ecuador separated from the Republic of Colombia in 1830.
Republic of Colombia, supra.)

(See

Presidents op Ecuador.

1830. Gen. Juan Jose Floros.
1835. Vicente Rocafuertc.
1839. Gen. Flores again.
1845. Vicente Ramou Roca. Dec.

1851. Diego Xoboa. Feb. ; dep.

1852. Jose Maria Urbina. Sept.

1856. Gen. Francisco Robles. Oct. ; abd.

1859. Aug. Pres. Robles dismissed, and

two Prov. Gov. formed :

1. Guayaquil under Gen. Guil-
lernio Franco.

2. Quito under Gabriel Garcia
Moreno, Manuel Gomez de la
Torre and Jose Maria Aviles.

1861.

18G5.
1868.
1869.

i

I 1875,
1877.

Apr. Tlicsc two provinces re-united
iinder presidency of Gabriel Garcia
Moreno.

Geronimo Carrion. Aug. 4.

Xavier Espinosa. Jan. 23.

Moreno a(/ain. Aug. ; assass. Aug.
14, 1875.

Antonio Borrero. Dec. 28.

Ignacio de Veintimilla. Jan. 17 : con-
firmed May 1878.

Jose Maria Placido Cadmafio.
Oct. 23; to act from Feb. 27,
1884.

BRAZIL.

The French having seized on Portugal in 1807, the royal family of
that kingdom embarked for Bi*azil at the close of the same year.
Brazil was erected into an empire in Nov. Ib25, when Dom Pedi'o took
the title of emperor soon after his abdication of the throne of Portugal.

Emperors of Brazil

Pedro I. t^of Portugal). Nov. 18;
first emperor, alid. throne of
Brazil, in favour of his infant son,
April 7. 1831 ; d. Sept. 24, 1834.

1831. Pedro II., succ. on his father's abd.,
April 7 ; assumed the government
July 23, 1840; crowned July 18,
1841.

PERU.

Peru revolted from Spain in 1821, and has since been a rei)ublic. Like
most of its neighbours, it has experienced numerous revolutions and

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

100

insurrections, which renders it difl&cult to give a strictly accurate list of
its rulers.

Rulers op Peru. Presidents and Dictators.

1821.

1823.

1824.
1824.

1827.
1829.

1834.
1835.
1836.
1839.
1841.
1845.

1851.
1855.
1862.

San Martin, Protector, prod, inde-
pendence July 28; res. Sept. 20.
1822.

Jose' de la Riva Aguero. pres. Feb.
26.

Bolivar, diet. Feb.

Mariano Prado, pres. Nov. 28.

Gen. Laman, pres. Aug. 24.

Gen. Agustin Gamarra, pres. Aug.
31.

Luis Jose Orbegoso, pres.

Felipe Santiago Salaverry, pres.

Andres Santa Cruz, pres.

Gamarra, ar/ain, pres.

Manuel Menendez, pres.

Gen. Ramon Castilla, pros. April
19.

Gen. Jose' Rufino Echenique, pres.

Castilla, ar/ain, pres. Jan.

Marshal San Ramon, pres. May.

1863. Gen. Juan Antonio Pezet, pres.

April 3.
1865. Pedro Diez Canseco, pres., ac/. int.

Nov.
1865. Gen. Mariano Ignacio Prado, diet.

Nov. 28; prov. pres., Feb. 15,

1867; pres., Aug.' 31, 1867.

1867. Luis La Puerta, pres. ad. int. Oct.

1868. Col. Jose Balta, pres. Aug. 2.
1872. Manuel Prado, pres. Aug. 2.
1876. Prado, again, pres. Aug. 2.
1879. Nicholas de Pierola, diet. Dec. 23.
1881. Francisco Garcia Calderon, prov.

pres.. Mar. ; pres., July 10.
Pierola as diet, continued the war
against Chili.

1883. Gen. Miguel Iglesias, diet. Oct.

20 ; prov. pres. . April 1884.

1884. Andres Avelino Caceres. diet. ; pres.

April 1886.

BOLIVIA.

This republic was formerly part of Peru. It declared its independence
August 6, 1824, and took the name of Bolivia August 11, 1825. The
first congress was held May 25, 1826.

Presidents of Bolivia.

1826. Gen. Suero.

1828. Santa Cruz.

1839. Gen. Yelasco. Feb. 3.

1844. Jose Ballivian. Aug.

1850. Manuel Isidore Belzu.

1855. Gen. George Cordova.

1857. Jose' Maria Linares.

Nov.

1861. Revolution, and Linares dep. Jan. 15.
1861. Jose Maria d'Acha, pi'ov. pres..

May; perm. pres.. Aug. 1862.

Aug.
Aug. 15.
prov. pres.

1864. Gen. Mariano Melgarejo. pror.
pres., Dec; perm, pres., Feb.
1865.

1871. Col. Augustiu Morales, prov. pres.,
I Jan. ; perm. pres. , June 20.

1872. Thomas Frias. Dec.

1873. Lt. Col. Adolfo BalUvian. May 8.

1874. Frias, again. Feb. 14.
1877. Gen. Hilarion Daza. Nov.

j 1880. Narciso Campero. June 20.
1 1884. Gregorio Pacheco. Aug. 1.

ARGENTINE CONFEDERATION OR ARGENTINE
REPUBLIC. BUENOS AYRES.

This confederation consists of the following states or provinces, besides
some Indian territories or frontier districts : —

Buenos Ayres.

San Juan.

Santiago.

Entre Eios.

Catamarca.

Tucuman

Corrientes.

La Rioja.

Jujuy.

Santa Fe.

Cordova.

Salta.

Mendoza.

San Luis.

These states were formerly part of Peru. They were separated in
1778, and with others now forming the republics of Bolivia, Paraguay,

110

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

and Uruguay, were called the Rio de la Plata. They still remained
subject to Spain, but declared their independence in 1816.

Peesidents of Argentine Republic.

181fi. Payridon. Mar. 2r>.

Separation from Spain formally de-
clared July 9, but the indepen-
dence of tiie states was not re-
cognised by Spain till 1842.

18L'.T. National constitution for the federal
states decreed.

* * Gen. .Juan Manuel de Rosas.

1840. Gen. de Rosas re-elected. Mar. 5.

18.52. Prov. Gov. established, Feb. 5,
and Vincent Lopez appointed
Prov. Gov. : Gen. Justo Jose
Urquiza elect. Prov. Director,
Jlay 20; Dr. Alsina elected gov.
and capt.-gen., Oct. 30. lie re-
tired, and Gen. Pinto elected
Prov. Gov. in his place, Dec. 6.

1853. Buenos Ayres secedes and be-
comes an independent state. Oct
12.

1S53. Gen. Jasto Jos^ d'Urquiza. Nov.
20.

1859. Buenos Ayres re-united to the Ar-

gentine Republic. Nov. 10.

1860. Santiago Derqui. Feb. 8.

1861. Victory of Gen. Mitre at Pavon, in

consequence of which Derqui
resigned, Sept. 17: Prov. Gov.
under Gen. Bartholomew Mitre.

1862. Gen. Mitre elected perm. pres. Oct.

12.
1868. Col. Dominique Faustino Samiiento.

Oct. 12.
1874. Nicolas Avellaneda. Oct. 12.
1880. Gen. Julio A. Roca. Oct. 12.
1886. Miguel Juarez Celman. Oct. 12.

BUENOS AYRES.

Buenos Ayres separated from the Argentine Republic, Oct. 12, 1858,
and was re-united thereto, Nov. 10, 1859.

Governors or Presidents.

1853. Pastor Obligado. Oct. 12.

1857. Valentine Alsina. May.

1860. Gen. Bartholomew Mitre. May I.

1859. Re-united to Argentine Republic by
peace of S. Jose de Floris, Nov.
10, 1859, and Act of Union. June
6, 1860.

PARAGUAY.

Paraguay revolted from Spain in 1811, and declared itself an inde-
pendent state.

Dictators and Presidents of Paraguay.

DiCTATOKS.

1814. Jose' Gaspar Rodriguez Francia,
elect. Nom. for life, 1817.

1840. Vibal Bucc. Francia.

1844. Carlos Antonio Lopez elect.

18G2. l<'rancisco Solano Lopez, son, Sept. ;
wont to war with Uruguay,
Brazil, and the Argentine Re-
public and was killed in battle,
Mar. 1, 1870.

IHOK. Prov. (jov. composed of C. Loizaga,
Cyril Antonio Rivarola, and J.
Diaz do Bedoj'a, Aug. 15.

1870. Treaty of peace between (1) Brazil

and the Argentine Republic, and
(2) Paraguay, June 20. under
which Rivarola was app.prov. pres.

1870. Paraguay becomes a constitutional

republic.

Prk.sidests.

1871. Salvador Jovellanos. Dec. 12.
1874. Juan Baptista Gill. Nov. 2."..

1877. Iliginio Uriarte. April 12.

1878. Candido Bareiro. Nov. 25.

1880. Gen. Bernardino Caballero. Sept.

14; re-eloct. Nov. 1882.
1886. Gen. Escobar. Sept. 25.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

URUGUAY.

This republic was formerly a part of Buenos Ay res. It declared its
independence in 1825, and was recognised as a separate republic by the
treaty of Montevideo, signed between Brazil and Buenos Ayres, Aug. 27,
and ratified Oct. 4, 1828.

Presidents of Uruguay.

1830. Fructuoso Rivera. Oct. 22.
1835. Manuel Oribe. Mar. 1.
1838. Rivera aqain. Oct. 21.

* * Joaquim Suarez.

1852. .Juan Francisco Girc). Mar. 1.

1854. Col. Venancio Florez. Mar. 12.

1855. Manuel Basilico Bustamente. Oct.

1856. Gabriel Antonio Pereira. Mar. 1.
1860. Bernardo Prudencio Bcrro. Mar. 1.
1864. Athanase Cruz Aguirre. Mar. 1.

1865.

1868.

1872.
1873.
1875.
1876.
1880.
1882.
1886.

Gen. Venancio Flores, prov.

Feb.
Francisco Antonio Vidal.
Col. Lorenzo Battle. Mar. 1.
Sarmiento.

Tomas Gomensoro. Mar. 1.
Jose' Ellauri. Mar. 1.
Pedro Varela. Mar. 15.
Col. L. Latorre. Mar. 11.
Vidal again. Mar. 17.
Gen. Maximo Santos. Mar. 1
Maximo Tages. Nov. 19.

gov.

CHILI.

This republic declared its independence from Spain, Sept. 18, 1810, but,
a long war ensuing, its actual independence dates from Feb. 12, 1817.
New constitutions were promulgated in 1828 by General Pinto, and
in May 1833, by General Prieto.

Directors and Presidents of Chili.

1817. Gen. Demetrius O'Higgins. Res.

1828.

1823. The government was administered
by a prov. triumvirate until Gen.
Freire was chosen director. He
res. 1826.

1826-1830. During these years the
government was administered
by six different directors, be-
sides a second provisional tri-
umvirate.

1831. Gen. Prieto, who became pres. |

under constitution of May 25.
1833.

Presidents.
1833. Gen. Prieto, above named.
1841. Gen. Manuel Bulnes. Sept.
1851. Manuel Montt. Sept. 18.
1861. Jose Joaquim Perez. Sept. 7.
1871. Frederico Ei-razuriz. Sept. 18.
1876. Anibal Pinto. Sept. 18.
1881. Domingo Santa Maria. Sept. 18.
1886. Jose Manuel Balmaceda. Seijt.
18.

HAWAIIAN OR SANDWICH ISLANDS.

Kings and Queens.

* * Kamehameha I., d. 1819.
1819. Kamehameha II., son, d. in Eng-
land, with his queen, July 1824.
1824. Kamehameha III.
1854. Kamehameha IV.

1863. Kamehameha V., brother, Nov. : ,
Dec. 11.

1873. Lunalilo I. (Q), Jan. 8 ; d. Feb. 3

1874.

1874. Kalakaua. Feb. 12.

XX2

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

PART II. DIPLOMATIC.

AMBASSADORS, ENVOYS EXTEAORDINARY, MINIS-
TERS PLENIPOTENTIARY, &c., FROM GREAT
BRITAIN AND THE UNITED KINGDOM OF
GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND TO FOREIGN
STATES.

From the accession of George III., 1760.

TO FRANCE.

1761.
1762.
1763.

176.5.
1766.

1768.
1772.

1783.

1784.
1785

1790

Hans Stanley, ch. d'a.

.John, D. of Bedford, amb. Sept. 4.

Fras. Seymour, E. of Hertford,
amb.

Cbas., D. of Richmond, amb.

Wm. Hy. Nassau, E. of Rochford,
amb. .July 2.

Simon Harcourt, E. Harcourt, amb.

David Murray, vise. Stormont, aft.
E. of Mansfield, amb. Sept. 9.

Fras. Godolphin Osborne, M. of
Carmarthen, amb. Feb. 10.

Geo. Montagu, D. of Manchester,
amb. Apr. J).

John Frederick Sackville, D. of Dor-
set, amb.

Daniel Hailcs, min. plen., ad int.

Apr. 28.
Wm. Eden, aft. Id. Auckland, onv.
ext. and plen. for commercial
affairs. Dec. 9.
Geo. Granville, E. Gower, amb.

June 11. Recalled Sept. 1792.
The war interrupted the diplomatic
relations between the two coun-
tries.

179G. Jas.,ld., aft. E. of Malmesbury, amb.
ext. and min. plen. for ncKotiatinjf
a treaty of peace. Oct. 13.

1797. Jas., Id. Malmesbury. again, for

negotiatmg a peace

with the

plens. of the French republic at
Lisle. June 30.

1801. Chas., M. Cornwallis, plen. at the

congress held at Amiens. Oct.
29.

Fras. James Jackson, min. plen.

Dec. 2.

1802. Anth. Merry, min. plen. Apr. 1.
— Chas., Id., aft. vise, and E. Whit-
worth, amb. June 18, G. Left
Paris, May 19, 1803.

The war with Napoleon I. again in-
terrupted the diplomatic relations
between the two countries.

1806. Fras. Seymour. E. of Yarmovith. and
James, E. of Lauderdale, comnirs.
for negotiating a peace with
Franco. Aug. 1.

1814. Sir Chas. Stuart, aft. Id. Stuart de
Rothesay, onv. ext. and min. plen.
ad int. June 4.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

ii;

— Chas. Bagot, aft. Sir C, min. plen.

July 11.

— Arthur, D. of Wellington, amb.

Aug. 8.
1815. Lord Fitzroy Jas. Hy. Somerset,
min. plen. Jan. 18.

— Sir Chas. Stuart, again, amb., ad

int. Mar. 26.

1824. Granville, vise., aft. E. Granville,

sp. miss, to congratulate Charles
X. on his accession to the throne.
Oct. 7.

— Hon. Algernon Percy, niin. plen.,

ad int. Oct. 12.

— Granville, vise. Granville, again,

amb. Nov. 3

1825. Hugh, D. of Northumberland, sp.

embassy ; coronation of Charles

X. Apr. 30.
1828. Lord Stuart de Rothesay, amb.

July 1.
1830. Vise. Granville, aqain. amb. Dec.

8.

1832. Hamilton Chas. Jas. Hamilton, min.

plen. , ad int. Mar. 23.

1833. Arthur Aston, aft. Sir A., min. plen.,

ad int. Apr. 19.
1835. Hy., Id. Cowley, amb. Mar. 13.

— Granville, E., late vise. Granville,

amb. Mar. 29.
1837. Arthur Aston, again; min. plen.,

ad int. Aug. 25. Permanent

July 17. 1838.
1839. Hy. Lytton Bulwer, aft. Sir H. and

Id. Dalling and Bulwer, min.

plen., ad int. July 29.
1841. Lord Cowley, again, amb. Oct. 16.
1845. Lord Wm. Hervey. min. plen., ad

int. July 29.

1846. Constantino Hy. . M. of Normanby,
amb. Aug. 18.

1848. M. of Normanby, continued ; sp.

and temporary miss, to the
French National Assembly. Aug.
18.

1849. M. of Normanby, continued, amb.

Jan. 31.

1852. Hy. Rd. Chas., Id., aft. E. Cowley,
amb. , ext. and plen. to the French
RepubUc. Feb. 3.

1856. Geo. Wm. Frederick, E. of Claren-
don, plen. to Congress at termi-
nation of war with Russia. Feb.

1860. Hon. Wm. G. Grey. eh. d'a., ad int.
Jan. 2.*

1866. Hon. Julian Hy. 'Chas. Fane, min.

plen., ad int.*

1867. Richd. Bickerton Pemell, Id., aft.

vise. Lyons, amb., ext. and plen.

July 6."
1869. Hon. Lionel Sackville West, min.

plen., ad int.*
1871. Ld. Lyons, again, amb., ext. and

plen. to French Republic. Feb. 18.
1871. Hon. L. S. West, again, min. plen.,

ad int. Sept. 15.*
1878. Edwd. Robt. , Id. aft. E. Lytton, min.

plen. , rtf/ inf. Apr. 10.*
1875. Fras. Ottiwell Adams, aft. sir F.,

min. plen., ad int. Mar. 23.*
1882. Hon. Fras. Richd. Plunket, min.

plen., ad int. Mar. 11.*
1884. Sir Jno. Walsham, hart., min. plen.,

ad int. July 31.*

1886. Edwin Hj'. Egerton, min. plen., ad

int. Mar. 30.*

1887. Robt., Earl Lytton, g.c.b., g.c.s.i.,

amb., ex. and plen. Nov. 1.

During temporary absence of the ambassador.

TO SWISS CONFEDERATION.

* * Arthur Villettes, min.
1765. Wm. Norton, min. Jan. 1.

* * Col. Braun, ch. d'a.

1792. Lord Rob. Stephen Fitzgerald, min.

plen. May 12.
1795. Wm. Wickham, min. plen. July 11.
1798. James Talbot, min., a(^e«f. Jan. 22.
1S14. Stratford Canning, aft. Sir S., and

vise. Stratford de Redcliffe, env.

ext. and min. plen. June 14, G.
1820. Edw. Cromwell Disbrowe, aft. sir

E., ch. d'a., ad int. June 12.

1822. Hy. Watkin Williams Wynn, aft. sir

H., env. ext. and min. plen. Feb.
12.

1823. Chas. Rd. Vaughan, aft. sir C, min.

plen. H'eb. 28.
1825. Hon. Algernon Percy, min. plen.
Oct. 10.

1832. David Rd. Morier, min. plen. June
21.

1847. Gilbert, E. of Minto ; ext. miss, to the

Italian States, Sardinia, Sicily,
and Switzerland. Sept. 14.
— Sir Stratford Canning, again, ext.
miss, to Belgium, Germany,
Greece, and Switzerland. Nov.
26.

1848. Hy. Rd. Chas., Id., aft. E. Cowley,

"min. plen. Feb. 29.

1849. Sir Edmund Lyons, min. plen. Feb.

9.

1851. Arthur Chas. Magenis, aft. sir A.,

min. plen. Jan. 27.

1852. Andrew Buchanan, aft. Sir A., min.

plen. Feb. 12.
i 1853. Hon. Chas. Aug. Murray, aft. sir
' C, min. plen. Feb. 9.'

8

lU

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1854. Geo. Jno. Robt. Gordon, min. plen.

Sept. 19.
1858. Capt. Hon. Edwd. Alfred Jno.

Harris, R.N., min. plen. Mar.

31.

1867. Jno. Savile Lumley, env. ext. and

min. plen. Aug. 22.

1868. Alfred Guthrie Graham Bonar, env.

ext. and min. plen. Oct. 19.

1874. Edwin Corbett, min. res. May 23.

1878. Sir Horace Rumbold, bt., min. res.

Jan. 17.

1879. Hon. Hussey Crespigny Vivian, C.B.,

min. res. Oct. 10; env. ext. and
min. plen. Mar. 1,1881.
1881. Eras. Ottiwell Adams, c.n., aft. sir F.,
K.C.H.G., env. ext. and min. plen.

TO THE MODERN KINGDOM OF ITALY.

Fob Ambassadors, «fcc., to the various states composing the modern
kingdom of Italy prior to the formation of that kingdom, see under the
names of those states.

1861. Sir .Tas. Hudson, env. ext. and min. |
plen. i

1863. Hon. Hy. Geo. Elliot, env. ext. and
min. plen. Sept. 12.

1867. Sir Augs. Berkeley Paget, k.c.b., |
env. ext. and min. plen. July 6 ;

\fes.

amb., ext. and min. plen. Mar.
24, 1876.
Sir Jno. Savile-Lumley, k.c.b.,
aft. G.C.B., and subseq. Sir Jno.
Savile, only ; amb. ext. and plen.
Aug. 26.->ca^' (c'AS4.v^X;ftff:

5^i< .->./<-./'.,f'.*, ;••''••?.,(.' J. i'

TO SARDINIA.

* * Hon. Jas. Stuart Mackenzie, env. 1824.

ext.
1761 . Geo. Pitt. aft. Id. Rivers, env. ext. 1840.
1768. Sir Wm. Lynch, env. ext. Oct. 1.
1779. John, vise. Mountstuart, env. ext. 1847.

and plen. Aug. 16. i

1783. Hon. John Trevor, env. ext. Feb. i

22; min. plen., June 16, 1789. j
1799. Thos. Jackson, min. plen. Apr. 13. |
1807. Hon. Wm. Hill, env. ext. and min. 1852.

plen. Dec. 9. i

Aug. John Foster, aft. knt.. env.
ext. and min. plen. Sept. 10, G.

Hon. Ralph Abcrcromby, env. ext.
and min. plen. May 30.

Gilbert, E. of Minto, ext. miss, to
Italy, Sardinia, Sicily, and Swit-
zerland. Sept. 14.

Hon. Ralph Abcrcromby, remaining
minister to Sardinia.

Jas. Hudson, env. ext. and min.
plen. Jan. 19, G.

Sardinia now forms part of the kingdom of Italy. See Italy.

TO NAPLES AND THE TWO SICILIES.

* * Sir Jas. Gray, bt., env. ext.
1764. Wm. Hamilton, aft. sir W., env.
ext.

1800. Hon. sir Arthur Paget, env. ext. and

min. plen. Jan. 17.

1801. Wm. Drummond, env. ext. Aug. 4.
1803. Hugh Elliot, env. ext. and min.

plen. Jan. 29.
1806. Gen. Hy. Edwd. Fox, onv. ext. and
min. plen. (military). May 29.

— Wm. Drummond, again, env. ext.
and min. plon. Oct. 3.
1809. Wm. Pitt, Id., aft. E. Amherst, env.
ext. and min. plon. Feb. 1.

1811. Ld. Wm. Cavendish Bcntinck, env.

ext. and min. plon. Feb. 1."), G.

1812. Hon. Fredk. Jas. Lamb, aft. sir F.

and Id. Beauvale, and succ. as
vise. Melbourne, min. plen.. ad
int. May 18.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

115

1814. Wm. A'Court, aft. sir W. and Id.

Heytesbury, env. ext. and min.

plen. Oct. 1, G.
1822. Win. Rd. Hamilton, env. est. and

min. plen. Feb. 12.

1824. Wm. Noel Hill, env. ext. and min.

plen. Sept. 14.

1825. John, Id. Burghersh, succ. as E. of

Westmoreland ; sp. miss, on the

accession of the king (Francis I.),

as king of the Two Sicilies. Feb.

23.
1830. John, Id. Burghersh, again; env.

ext. and min. plen. Nov. 16. Not

sent.
1832. John, Id., aft. vise. Ponsonby, env.

ext. and min. plen. June 8.
— Hon. Wm. Temple, aft. sir W., env.

ext. and min. plen. Nov. 27, (?)

1833.

1847. Gilbert, E. of Minto; ext. miss, to
Italy, Sardinia, Sicily, and Swit-
zerland. Dee. 17 ; the hon. Wm.
Temple, remaining minister to the
Two Sicilies.

1856. Geo. Glyn Petre, ch. d'a. July 28.
Diplomatic relations suspended
Oct. 1856 to June 1859, in con-
sequence of the king's tyrannical
government.

1859. Hon. Hy. Geo. Elliot, aft. Sir H. ;
sp. miss, to Francis II. on his
accession. June 1.

1859. Sir Arthur Chas. Magenis, k.c.b.
June G ; env. e xt. and min. plen.
Not sent,

1859. Hon. Hy. Geo. Elliot, again, env.,
ext. and min. plen. July 4 until
Nov. I860.

The Two Sicilies now form part of the kingdom of Italy. Hee Italy.

TO TUSCANY, PARMA, MODENA, AND LUCCA.

Unless otherwise stated the mission was to Tuscany only.

* * Sir Horace Mann, bt. , env. ext. ;
d. Nov. 1786, having been forty-
six years minister at this court.

1787. Wm. Fawkener, env. ext. pro teiti.
April 27.

1787. John Aug., Id. Hervey, env. ext.
Aug. 4. Min. plen. July 22, 1791.

1794. Hon. Wm. Fredk. Wyndham, env.
ext. Jan. 25. Min. plen., Feb. 8,
1800.

1814. John, Id. Burghersh, aft. E. of
Westmoreland, env. ext. and min.
plen. Aug. 14.

1818. The same, in the same character, to
Parma, and Modena. Feb. 14.

— The same, in the same character, to

Lucca, Mar. 5.

1830. Ld. Geo. Hamilton Seymour, aft.

sir G. , min. res. Nov. 3.

— John, Id. Burghersh, min. plen.

to Parma, &c. Nov. 16. Not
sent.

1831. Sir Geo. Hamilton Seymour, min.

res. to Pai"ma, Lucca, and Modena.
June 13.

1835. Hon. Ralph Abercromby, min. res.
to Tuscany, Parma, and Lucca.
Dec. 26.

1839. Hon. Hy. Edw. Fox, aft. Id. Hol-
land, min. plen. to Tuscany,
Parma, and Lucca. Jan. 2.

1841. Hy. Edw., Id. Holland, min. plen.
to Modena. May 14.

1846. Sir Geo. Baillie Hamilton, min. plen.

to Tuscany, Parma, Modena, and
Lucca. May 23.

1847. Gilbert, E. of Minto ; ext. miss, to

the Italian States, Sardinia, Si-
cily, and Switzerland. Sept. 14.

— Sir Geo. Baillie Hamilton ; d. at

Florence while min. plen. in Sept.
1850.

1850. Hon. Peter Campbell Scarlett, ch.

d'a.

— Rd. Lalor Sheil, min. plen., ch. d'a.

Oct. 24.

1851. Jas. Hudson, c.b., env. ext. and

min. plen. Aug. 29, G.

1852. Sir Hy. Lytton Bulwer, g.c.b., aft.

Id. Dalling and Bulwer, env.

ext. and min. plen. Jan. 19, G.
1854. Constantine Hy., M. of Normanby,

K.G., env. ext. and min. plen.

Dec. 16, G.
1858. Hon. Hy. Geo. Howard, env. ext. and

min. plen. Mar. 31, G.
1858. Hon. Rd. Bickerton Pemell Lyons,

aft. Id. and vise. Lyons, env. ext.

and min. plen. June 16. G.
1858. Hon. Peter Campbell Scarlett, c.b.,

a(/ain, env. ext. and min. plen.

Dee. 13. G.

Tuscany now forms pai"t of the Kingdom of Italy. See Italy.

116

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

TO VENICE.

1761.

1762.
1765.

1773.
1788.
1789.

1791.

John Murray, resident.

Chas. Compton, E. of Northampton,

amb. ext. and min. plen.
John Murrav , resident.
Jas. Wright, aft. sir J., bt.,

resident.
John Strange, resident. Oct. 19.
Robt. Ritchie, ch. d'a
Sir Fras. Vincent, bt., resident.

Sept. 26 ; d. Aug. 1791.
Wm. Lindsay, resident. Nov. .*>.

1793. Fras. Drake, resident. Jan. 19.
— Sir Rd. Worsley, bt., resident.
July 27.
The republic of the Venetian States
was wholly overthrown in 1797.
The emperor of Germany took
possession of these dominions in
that year ; it being settled by a
private article in the treaty of
Campo Formio, that he accepted
them in compensation for the
Netherlands.

Venice now forms part of the kingdom of Italy. See Italy.

TO GERMANY AND AUSTRIA.

The various states constituting geographical Germany have been from
time to time united in various combinations for diplomatic purposes.
Hence there is some difficulty in arranging the ambassadors under each
separate state. Where an ambassador is accredited to one state where
it was the custom to have a separate diplomatic representative, he will
be found under that state, but where he is accredited to several states
or to one of the confederations of German states, or was sent, as an
exception, to one particular state generally associated with others, he
should be searched for under the heading " German States and Con-
federations"

The name of each separate state mentioned in the credentials will be
found both in the Table of Contents and in the Index.

TO THE EMPERORS OF GERMANY PRIOR TO 1804.
See " Austria," and " German States and Confederations."

TO THE EMPIRE OF GERMANY AND THE KINGDOM OF PRUSSIA
SINCE 1871.

1871. Lord Odo \Vm. Leopold Russell, amb.
ext. and plen. to emp. of Germany
and K. of Prussia. Oct. 16.

1878. Benj.E.of Beaconsfield, Robt. Arthur
Talbot Gascoigno, M. of Salis-
bury, and Id. Odo Wm. Loftus
Russell, plens. to Congress at

close of Russo-Turkish War.
June 3.

1884. Sir Edw. Baldwin Malet, k.c.b., amb.
ext. and plen. to emp. of Germany
and K. of Prussia. Sept. 20.

1885. Garnet Jos., vise. Wolsoley, sp.
miss, of congratulation. Dec. 30.

TO AUSTRIA.
Down to 1804 the ambassadors to Austria were accredited to the sove-
reigns by their title of

Emperors of Germany.

Murray Keith, amb.

1763. David Murray, vise. Storniont, aft.
E. of Mansfield, amb. May 7.

1772. Sir Robert
Aug. 14.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

11

1790. Thomas, E. of Elgin, amb. ext. to
congratulate Leopold II. on his
accession to the throne.

1792. Thomas, E. of Elgin, amb. to the

emp. Francis II. Aug. 18.

1793. Sir Morton Eden, aft. Id. Henley,

env. ext. and niin. plen.

1794. George John, E. Spencer, amb. ext.

on particular affairs.
1799. Gilbert, Id. Minto, env. ext, and

min. plen. July 2.
1801. Hon. Arthur Paget, aft. sir A,,

env. ext. and min. plen. Aug.

21.

In 1804, the emperor Francis 11. became emperor of Austria only,
and the ambassadors were thenceforward accredited to him and his

successors as

Emperors of Austria.

1805. Charles, E. of Harrington, ext. min.

Nov. 28.

1806. Robt. Adair, aft. sir R., env. ext.

and min. plen. May 7.

1807. Geo. Aug., E. of Pembroke and

Montgomery, amb. May 14.
1809. Benj, Bathurst, ext. miss. Feb.

14.
1813. Geo. Hamilton Gordon, E. of

Aberdeen, amb. July 29.
— Hon. Fredk. Jas. Lamb, aft. sir F.

and lord Beauvale, succ. as vise.

Melbourne, min. plen., ad. int.

Aug. C.
Chas. Wm. Id. Stewart, aft. succ.

as M. of Londonderry, amb.
Robt., vise. Castlereagh, aft. M. of

Londonderry, Rd. E. of Clancarty,

Wm., E. Cathcart, and Chas.

Wm. , Id. Stewart, plens. to the

congress at Vienna. Aug. 11.
Arthur, D. of Wellington, first plen.

to the congress at Vienna. Jan.

18.
Hon. Robt. Gordon, aft. sir R., min.

plen. ad. int. Mar. 27.
The same, ad. int. June 24.
Robt., vise. Castlereagh, and Arthur,

D. of Wellington, plens. to.the con-
ference at Aix-la-Chapelle. Aug.

18.

1821. Hon. Robt. Gordon, «//«?n, min. plen.

ad int. Jan. 19.
— Arthur, D. of Wellington, plen. to
the conference at Vienna. Sept.
9.

1822. The same, ext. miss. ; congress at

Verona. Sept. 14.

1823. Sir Hy. Wellesley, aft. Id. Cowley,

amb. Feb. 3.
1831. Hon. Fras. Reginald Forbes, min.
-ple^.. ad. int. April 22.

1814.

1815.

1817.
1818.

— Hon. sir Fredk. Jas. Lamb, again,

amb. May 13.
1832. John Geo. Id., aft. E. of Durham,
ext. miss, to Austria, Prussia,
and Russia. Sept. 14.

1834. Hon. Wm. Thos. Horner Fox-

Strangways, min. plen. ad. int.
Oct. 8.

1835. Sir Chas. Bagot, sp. miss. April 7.

— Hon. Hy. Edw. Fox, aft. Id.

Holland, min. plen., ad. int.

July 2.
1838. John Ralph Milbanke, aft. sir J. R.

M. Huskisson, bt., min. plen. ad.

int. Nov. 7.
1841. Sir Robt. Gordon, amb. Oct. 16.

1845. Arthur Chas. Magenis, aft. sir A.,

min. plen. , ad. int. June 18.

1846. John, vise. Ponsonby, amb. Aug.

10.
1849. A. C. Magenis, again, min. plen. , ad.

int. April 20.
1851. John, E. of Westmoreland, env. ext.

and min. plen. Jan. 27.
1855. Sir Geo. Hamilton Seymour, g.c.b.,

env. ext. and min. plen. Nov. 23.
1855. Ld. John Russell, aft. E. Russell,

sp. miss. Feb. 11.

1858. Ld. Aug. Wm. Fredk. Spencer

Loftus, env. ext. and min. plen.
March 31.

1859. Hy. Rd. Chas., E. Cowley, sp. miss.

Feb. 23.
18G0. John Arthur Douglas, Id. Bloom-

tield, G.C.B. , amb. ext. and plen.

Nov. 22.
1871. Sir Andw. Buchanan, g.c.b., amb.

h ext. and jDlen. Oci. l&.<^^^'^Al»iM;.tC]6\
18771 V Sir Hy. Geo. Elliot, g.c.b., amb.

ext. and min. plen. Dec. 31.
1884. Sir Aug. Berkeley Paget, g.c.b.,

amb. ext. and plen. Jan. 1.

TO PRUSSIA.

1705. And. Mitchell, aft. sir A., env. ext. | 1771. Robt. Gunning, aft. sir R., bt.
Dec. 13. I env. ext. Feb. 13.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1772. Jas. Harris, aft. Sir J., Id. and E.

of Malmesbury, env. ext. Jan.

3.
1776. Hugh Elliot, env. ext. Oct. 13.
1782. Geo. Jas., E. of Cholmondeley, env.

ext. June 14.
— Sir John Stepney, bt., env. ext.

Sept. 21.
1784. John, viae. Dalrymple, aft. E. of

Stair, env. ext.
1788. Jos. Ewart, env. ext. Aug. 5.
1791. Sir I\Iorton Eden, aft. Id. Henley,

env. ext. and min. plen. Nov.

3.
1793. James, Id. Malmesbury, mjain, env.

ext. and min. plen.
1795. Lord H. John Spencer, env^ ext. and

min. plen. : d. July, 1795.

— Thos., E. of Elgin, env. ext. and min.

plen. Aug. 15.
1800. John Joshua. E. of Carysfort, env.

ext. and min. plen. July 12.
1802. Eras. Jas. Jackson, env. ext. and

min. plen. Oct. 24.

1805. Edwd. Thornton.aft. sir E., min. plen.

to Denmark, the Hanse Towns,
Lower Saxony. :Mecklenburg -
Schwerin, and Mecklenburg -
Strehtz. I\Iay 4.

— Dudley, Id., aft. E. of Harrowby ;

ext.' miss, to Prussia and Russia.
Oct. 25.

1806. Ld. Granville Leveson Gower, aft.
E. Granville, ext. miss. Jan. 8.

Chas. , E. of Harrington, ext. miss,
Jan. 9

Londonderrv, ext. miss., Dec.
27.
1815. Geo. Hy. Rose, aft. .sir G., env. ext.
and min. plen. Sept. 10.

1822. Arthur, D. of Wellington, ext. miss.

to the congress at Verona. Sept.
14.

1823. Rd. Meade, E. of Clanwilliam, env.

ext. and min. plen. Feb. 3.
1827. Sir Brook Tavlor, env. ext. and min.

plen. Dec. 28.
1830. Geo. Wm. Chad. env. ext. and min.

plen. Sept. 20.
1832. Gilbert, E. of Minto. env. ex. and

min. plen. Aug. 22.
— John Geo., Id. Durham, aft. E. of

Durham ; ext. miss, to Austria,

Pi-ussia, and Russia. Sei)t. 14.

1834. Sir Geo. Shee, bt., env. ext. and

min. plen. Oct. 31.

1835. Sir Robt. Adair, sp. miss. July 28.
Lord Geo. Wm. Russell, env. ext.

and min. plen. Nov. 24.
1841. John, lord Burghersh, aft. E. of

Westmoreland, env. ext. and mm.

plen. Oct. 10.
1846. Hy. Fras. Howard, ch. d'a. ad int.

Mav 28.
1851. Jno. Arthur Douglas, Id. Bloom-

tield, env. ext. and min. plen.

Apr. 28.

1860. Ld. Aug. Wm. Fredk. Spencer

Loftus, env. ext. and min. plen.
Nov. 22.

1861. Jno., M. of Breadalbane, sp. miss.
Feb. -

J (1 r eu. ( .

iis E. of Carlisle. Sept. 29.

— John Hely, lord Hutchinson, succ. as

E. of Donoughmore. Nov. 18.
1807. John Hookham Frere. env. ext. and
min. plen. June 17.

— Benj. Garlike, env. ext. and mm.

plen, ad int. July 17.
1813. Hon. sir Chas. Wm. Stewart, aft. Id.
Stewart, and j\I. of Londonderry,
env. ext. and min. plen. Apr. 7.

— Robt., vise. Castlereagh, aft. M. of

K.G., K.C.B., amb. oxt. to K. of
Prussia on coronation. Oct. 1.

1862. Sir And. Buchanan. K.c.n.. amb.
ext. and plen. Oct. 28.

1864. Francis, Id. Napier, k^t., amb.
ext. and plen. Sept. 15.

1866. Ld. A. V:. F. S. Loftus, k.cb.,
again, amb. ext. and plen. Jan.
li). Accredited to N. Germ. Con-
fed., Feb. 24, 1868.
See " German States and Confederations."

The North German Confederation was dissolved in 871, =»^'^ t'^'' ^^""i" ;,3?. ^J
Germany was then founded, the king of Prussia bemg chosen emperon ^ '^'^. :;y^;^?.
theTmblssadors have been accredited " to the emperor of Germany and kmg of 1 .uss.a.
See Empire of Germany.

TO WURTEMBURG, BADEN, AND HESSE-DARMSTADT

See also " German States and Confederations."

To WURTEMBURQ.

1803. John Spencer Smith, env. oxt. to
the elector of Wurtemburg. Juno
25, G.
The electorate of Wurlomburg was,

by the provisions of the treaty of
Prosburg, erected into a kingdom,
and the eloctor, Frederick^ II.,
was procl. king. Jan. I, 1806

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

119

1814. Brook Taylor, aft. sir B., env. est.

and min. plen. July 11.
1820. Alex. Cockburn, env. ext. and min.

plen. Mar. 6.

1823. Hy. Watkin Williams Wynn, aft. sir

H. , bt., env ext. and min. plen.
Feb. 8, G.

1824. David Montagu, lord Erskine, env.

ext. and min. plen. Sept. 10, G.

1828. Edwd. Cromwell Disbrowe, aft. sir

E.. env. ext. and min. plen. Jan.

4, G.
1833. Lord Wm. Russell, min. plen. Not.

26.
1835. Sir Geo. Shee, bt., env. ext. and

min. plen. Nov. 24.

For suhsequent Ambassadors see below.

To WUETEMBUEG AND BaDEN.

1841. Sir Geo. Shee, bt., env. ext. and
min. plen. to Wurtemburg, made
also min. plen. to Baden. June
29.

1844. Sir Alex. Malet, bt., env. ext. and
min, plen. Sept. 17.

1852. Arthur Chas. Magenis, aft. sir A.,

env. ext. and min. plen. Feb. 12.
1854. Hon, Geo. Sulyarde Stafford Jer-

ningham, env. ext. and min. plen.

May 20.
1859. Geo. Jno. Robt. Gordon, env. ext.

and min. plen. Nov. 11, G.

To WUETEMBTTRG ONLY.

1871. Robt. Burnett David Morier. C.B., | 1881. Gerard Fras. Gould, C.B., min. res.

aft. sir R., ch. d'a. July 18, G. : Apr. 16, G.

1872. Geo. Glynn Petre, ch. d'a. Feb. 13, j 1883. Sir Hy. Page Turner Barron, bt.,

G. I C.M.G., min. res. Oct. 1, G.

To Baden and Hesse-Darmstadt.

1871. Evan Montagu Baillie,ch. d'a. Jly. 18. I 1878. Hon. "Wm. Nassau Jocelyn. ch. d'a.

1873. Fras. Clare Ford, aft. sir F., ch. Mar. 27.

d'a. Oct. 11. I l6'f}.qc^^^euc.^h<.^<^^^_

TO BAVARIA.

For Ambassadors prior to 1814, see " German States and
Confederations."

Diplomatic relations between England and the king of Bavaria were
established at the close of the war in 1814.

1814. Geo. Hy. Rose, aft. sir G., env. ext.

and min. plen. Jan. 31.

1815. Hon. Fredk. Jas. Lamb, aft. sir F.,

and lord Beauvalc ; succ. as vise.

Melbourne, env. ext. and min.

plen. July 25, G.
1820. Brook Taylor, aft. sir B., env. ext.

and min. plen. Mar. 6.
1828. David Montagu, lord Erskine, env.

ext. and min. plen. Jan. 4.
1843. John Ralph Milbanke, aft. sir J. R.

M. Huskisson, bt., env. ext. and

min. plen. Nov. 24.
1862. Lord Aug. Wm. Freak Spencer

Loftus, K.C.B.. env. ext.
min. plen. Oct. 28.

and

1866. Sir Hy. Fras. Howard, k.c.b.,

env. ext. and min. plen. Jan.

19.
1872. Robt. Burnett David Morier. C.B.,

aft. sir R., ch. d'a. Jan. 30.
1876. Maj.-Gen. Edwd. Stanton. c.B.,aft.

sir E. , ch. d'a. May 10.
1882. Hugh Guiou Macdonell, ch. d'a.

Feb. 23.
1885. Victor Arthur Wellington Drum-

mond, ch. d'a. Nov. o.T^^uMi,tJfum(,f^ii^«.

120

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

TO HANOVER.

Hanover was separated from the crown of Great Britain by the
demise of his Britannic Majesty, William IV., June 20, 1837, and
Ernest, duke of Cumberland, ascended the throne.

1838. Hon. John Duncan Bligh, env. ext.
and min. plen. May 2.

1857. Sir Jno. Fiennes Twistleton Cramp-

ton, bt., K.C.H., env. ext. and
min. plen. Mar. 2.

1858. Geo. Jno. Robt. Gordon, env. ext.

and min. plen. Mar. 31.

1859. Hy. Fras. Howard, env. ext. and

min. plen. Nov. 11.
18(36. Sir Chas. Lennox Wyke, k.c.b.,

env. ext. and min. plen. Jan.

19.
Mission ceased on annexation of

Hanover to Prussia, Sept. 186(3.

TO THE HANSE TOWNS.

See also " Gterman States and Confederations."

1805. Edwd. Thornton, aft. sir E., resi-
dent, and min. plen. to Denmark,
Lower Saxony, INIecklenburg-
Schwerin, and Mecklenburg-
Strelitz. Feb. 22, G.

1813. Alex. Cockburn, sp. miss. Mar.

1815. The same, env. ext. to the Hanse
Towns and Lower Saxony. May
2, G.

1836. Hy. Canning, eh. d'a. to the Hanse
Towns and to Lower Saxony.
Nov. 29.

1841. Colonel Lloyd Hodges, ch. d'a.
July 31.

1860. Jno. Ward, ch. d'a. July 1, G.
Min. res., Oct. 30, 1861.

* * Philip Stanhopi

1762. Robt. Colebrooke, resident.

1763. Ralph Woodford, resident. Alar. 22.
1772. Emmanuel Matthias, resident. Aug.

14.

1790. Chas. Hy. Fraser, resident, and min.
plen. to Lower Saxony. Aug. 13.

1798. Sir Jas. Craufurd, bart., resident,
and min. plen. to Lower Saxony.
July 28.

1803. Sir Geo. Berriman Rumbold, bart.,
resident. Seized by the French
government, and conveyed to
Paris, Oct. 25, 1804 ; rest, to
liberty, and arrived in London,
Nov. 18, following.

TO SAXONY.

Electorate.

* * David Murray, vise. Stormont, aft.

E. of Mansfield, env. ext.
1764. Philip Stanhope, env. ext. Apr. 3.
1768. Robt. Murray Keith, aft. sir R., env.

ext. Nov. 27.
1771. John Osborne, env. ext. Feb. 11.
1775. Sir John Stepney, bart.. env. ext.

Nov. 30.
1783. Morton Eden, aft. sir M., and lord

Henley, onv. ext.
1789. The same, min. plen.
1791. Hugh Elliot, env. ext. and uiin. plen.

Nov. 13.
1803. Hy. Watkin Williams Wynn, aft.

sir H., bt., env. ext. Juno 26.

Kingdom.

Saxony was erected into a kingdom,
conformably with the treaty of
Posen (signed Dec. 11, 1806)
between Franco and Frederick
Augustus, the then elector, aft.
king.

1816. John Philip Morior, env. oxt. Jan. 5.

1824. Geo. Wm. Chad, min. plen. Dec.
11.

1828. Edwd. Michael Ward, min. plen.
Feb. 12. G.

1832. Hon. Fras. Reginald Forbes, min.
})leu. Nov. 26.

1842. ThoH., E. of Wilton, env. ext. and
min. plen., sp. miss. Sopt. 24.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

121

1857. Hon. Fras. Reginald Forbes again,

env. ext. and min. plen. May 2.

1858. Angs. Berkeley Paget, aft. sir A.,

env. ext. and min. plen. Dec.
13.

1859. Hon. Chas. Augs. Murray, c.b., aft.

sir C, env. ext. and min. plen,
June 6.

1866. Jno. Savile Lumley, aft. sir J., env.

ext. and min. plen. June 16.

1867. Josh. Hume Burnley, eh. d'a. Dec. 9.
1873. Geo. Strachey, ch. d'a. Oct. 25.

For Am/xissadors to Loioer Saxony see " German States and Confederations."

TO THE SEVERAL GERMAN STATES AND CONFEDE-
RATIONS DETAILED BELOW.

See Introduction to " Germany and Austria."

1763. Philip Stanhope, env. ext. to the 1796.

diet of the empire. Mar. 22.

— Jas. Porter, aft. sir J., min. plen.

to the emp. of Germany's court at
Brussels. May 7.

1764. Wm. Gordon, aft. sir \Vm., min. i

plen. to the diet of Ratisbon. i —
April 3 ; min. plen. to the emp's i
Court at Brussels. Nov. 23, |
1765. I

1765. Fulke Greville, env. ext. to the elec- ' 1799.

tor of Bavaria, and min. plen. to

the diet of Ratisbon. Nov. 23.
1769. Lewis de Visme, min. plen. to the j 1800.

elector of Bavaria and diet of '•

Ratisbon.
1773. Hugh Elliot, min. plen. to the elec- 1801.

tor of Bavaria, and min. to the

diet of Ratisbon. Dec. 24.

1776. Morton Eden. aft. sir M., and lord 1802.

Henley, to the same. Oct. 31.

1777. Alleyne " Fitzherbert, aft. lord St,

Helens, min. at Brussels. Mar. 4.

1779. Rd. Cakes, min. to the diet of Ratis-

bon. 1805.

1780. Hon. John Trevor, min. plen. to the

elector palatine, and min. to the
diet of Ratisbon. April 7.

1781. Ralph Heathcote, min. plen. to the

elector of Cologne, &c. Mar. 3.
1783. George Byng, vise. Torrington, env.

ext. to the emp's. court at Brus- 1815.
sels.

— Robert, vise. Galway, env. ext. to

the elect, pal., and min. to the 181/
diet of Ratisbon. Feb. 22.

— Hon. Thos. Walpole, env. ext. to the

elect, pal. Nov. 19 ; env. ext.

and plen. to same. 1788. 1820.

1790 Chas. Hy. Fraser. min. plen. to the

circle of Lower Saxony, and res. 1823.

at the Hanse Towns. Aug. 14. !
1792. Thos. E. of Elgm, env. ext. to the i

emp's. court at Brussels. Aug. 1824.

18. I

Wm. Elliot, min. plen. to the elect,
pal., and min. to the diet of Ratis-
bon.

Hon. Arthiir Paget, aft. sir A., env.
ext. to the elect, pal., and min. to
the diet of Ratisbon. May 22.

Sir Jas. Craufurd, bart. , min. plen.
to the circle of Lower Saxony,
and res. at the Hanse Towns.
July 28.

Fras. Drake, env. ext. to the same,
and min. to the diet of Ratisbon.
June 11.

The same, to the elect, pal., new cre-
dentials, and env. ext. to the diet
of Ratisbon. May.

Brook Taylor, aft. sir B., min. plen.
to Hesse-Cassel and to the elect.
of Cologne. Aug. 4.

Fras. Drake, min. plen. to the elect,
pal., in addition to his former
character. July 1 ; min. plen.
to the diet of Ratisbon, Feb. 27,
1803.

Hon. Wm. Hill, env. ext. and plen. to
the circle of Franconia. Mar. 1.

Edw. Thornton, aft. sir E., min. plen.
to Denmark, the Hanse Towns,
and the circle of Lower Saxony,
to Mecklenburgh-Schwerin, and
to Mecklenburgh Strelitz. May 4.

Alex. Cockbuj-n, env. ext. to the
Hanse Towns and to Lower Sax-
ony. June 1.

Hon. Fredk. Jas. Lamb, aft. sir F.,
and lord Beauvale ; succ. as vise.
Melbourne, min. plen. to the
Germ. Confed. Nov. 28.

The same, env. ext. and min. plen.
Apr. 17, G.

Geo. Hamilton Seymour, aft. sirG.,
ch. d'a., ad. int., to the Germ.
Confed. Oct. 7.

Hon. Fredk. Cathcart, min. plen. to
the Germ. Confed. Jan. 15, G.

122

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1826. Hon. F. Cathcart, min. plen. to

Hesse-Cassel. Feb. 2.

1827. John Ralph Milbanke, aft. sir J. R.

M. Huskisson.bt., ch. d'a., adint.,
to the same. 3Iar. 20.

1828. Hy. Unwin Addington, min. plen. to

the Germ. Confed. and to Hesse-
Cassel. Feb. 18.

1829. Geo. Wm. Chad, min. plen. to the

Germ. Confed. and to Hesse-
Cassel. July 30, G.

1830. Thos. Cartwrigbt, aft. sir T., min.

plen. to the Germ. Confed.
Nov. 3, G.

1831. The same, min. plen. to Hesse-Cassel.

Jan. 14.
1836. Hy. Canning, ch. d'a. to the Hanse

Towns and to Lower Saxony.
1838. Hon. Hy. Edwd. Fox, aft. lord

Holland, min. plen. to the Germ.

Confed. Apr. 17, G.

— The same, to Hesse-Cassel. May 2.
1838. Hon. Ralph Abercromby. min. plen.

to the Germ. Confed. Dec. 0, G.

— The same to Hesse-Cassel. July

25.

1840. Hon. Wm. Thos. Horner Fox Strang-

ways. env. ext. and min. plen. to
the Germ. Confed, and min. plen.
to Hesse-Cassel. Mar. 17. G.

1841. Hon.Fras. Reginald Forbes. min.plen.

to Saxe Coburg Gotha. June 29.
1843. Hon. Fras. Geo. Molyneux, oh. d'a.

to the Germ. Confed. Jan. 24.
1847. John, E. of Westmoreland, min. plen.

1848.

1851.
1852.

1853.
1868.

to Mecklenburgh-Schwerin, and

to Mecklenburgh-Strelitz. Apr.

20.
Hon. John Duncan Bligh, min. plen.

to Oldenburg. Apr. 20.
The same, min. plen. to Brunswick.

Oct. 15.
John,E. of Westmoreland, min. plen.

to Anhalt Dessau. Oct. 15.
Hon. Fras. Reginald Forbes, min.

plen. to Saxe Weimar Eisenach,

Saxe Altenburg, and Saxe Meinin-

gen. Oct. 15.
Hon. Wm. Thos. Homer Fox Strang-

ways, min. plen. to Hesse-Darm-
stadt, and to Nassau. Oct. 15.
Sir Stratford Canning, aft Vise.

Stratford de Redcliii'e, ext. miss.

to Belgium, Germany. Greece,

and Switzerland. Nov. 26.
Hy. Rd. Chas.,ld., aft. E. Cowley.

sp. miss, to Germ. Confed. without

credentials. July 29. Env. ext.

and min. plen. to Germ. Confed.

May 12, 1851.
Hon. Rd. Edwardes, ch. d"a. to

Germ. Confed. Dee. 13.
Sir Aloxr. Malet, bart., env. ext.

and min. plen. to Germ. Confed.

Feb. 12.
Hon. Rd. Edwardes, arinin, ch. d'a.

to Germ. Confed. June 11.*
Lord Aug. Wm. Fredk. Spencer

Loftus, amb. ext. and plen. to N.

Germ. Confed. Feb. 24, G.t

* The mission to the Gennanic Confederation ceased in 1866 in consequence of the
Austro-Prussian war ; the Confederation vras then dissolved, and Frankfort annexed to
Prussia.

t The North German Confederation was established in April 1867. It ceased in 1871
on the foi-mation of the German Empire. See " Empire of Germunij."

TO THE NETHERLANDS, &c.

* * Hon. Jos. Yorkc, aft. Sir J. ; env.

ext. and plen.
1784. Sir Jas. Harris, aft. lord and E. of

Malmesbury, env. ext. and plen.

to the states-general of the United

Provinces. July 3.

1788. The same, amb. ext. and plen. to

the states-general, &c. Feb. 8.

1789. Alleyno Fitzherbert, aft. lord St.

Helens, env. ext. and plen. to the
states-general, &c. May 16.
— Wm. Eden, lord Auckland, amb. to
the states-general. &(;. Nov. 28.

1790. Lord Hy. John Si)oncer. min. plen.,

till int. , to their high mightinesses.
April 7.
1793. Hon. Wm. Eliot, aft. lord Eliot and

E. of St. Germans, min. plen.,
ml int.

1794. Alleyne, lord St. Helens, env. ext.
and plen.

1802. Robt. Liston, aft. sir R.. env. and
min. plen. to the Batavi.nn re-
public. Aug. 14.

1813. Rd., E. of Clancarty. amb. to the

pr. of Orange. Nov. 25.

1814. Sir Chas. Stuart, aft. lord Stuart de

Rothesav, amb. to the pr. of
Orange. Oct. 8, G.

1815. Sir Chas. Stuart, aft. lord Stuart de

Rothesay, amb. to the Low
Countries. Jhir. 21.
— John James, min. plen.. ml int.
Jane 29.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

123

1816. Rd., E. of Claiicartv, again, amb.

May 23, G.
1819. Geo. Wm. Chad, min. plen.. ad int.

Mar. 23.
1824. Granville, vise, aft. E. Granville,

amb. Feb. 14.

— Andrew Snape Douglas, min. plen.,

ad int. Oct. G.

— Sir Chas. Bagot, amb. Nov. 27.
1829. Thos. Cartwright, aft. sir Thos.,

min. plen., ad int. July 28.

1832. Hon. John Duncan Bligh, min. plen.

ad int. June 10.

1833. Hon. Geo. Sulyarde Stafford Jern-

ingham, ch. d'a.
1835. Sir Edw. Cromwell Disbrowe, env.

ext. and min. plen. Dec. 30.
1851. Hon. sir Ralph Abercromby, aft.

lord Dunfermline, env. ext. and

min. plen. Nov. 26.

1858. Francis, lord Napier, env. ext. and

min. plen. Dec. 15.
1860. Sir Andrew Buchanan, k.c.b.,

env. ext. and min. plen. Dec.

11.
1862. Sir Jno. Ralph Milbanke, aft. sir J.

R. M. Huskisson, bt., env. ext.

and min. plen. Oct. 28.
1867. V. adm., aft. adm. hon. Edw. Alf.

Jno. Harris, C.B., env. ext. and

min. plen. Aug. 22.
1877. Hon. Wm. Stuart, c.u., aft. Sir

Wm., K.c.M.G. , env. ext. and

min. plen. Oct. 31.
1879. The same to K. Netherlands, as

Gr. D. of Luxembourg. Nov. 27,

G.
1888. Sir Horace Rumbold, bt., k.c.m.g.,

env. ext. and min. plen. Feb. 1. 4'~ ?C''<'-^.

TO BELGIUM.

From the separation of Belgium from the kingdom of the Netherlands,
and the establishment of a distinct monarchy, 1830-31.

1830. John, vise. Ponsonby, sp. miss, to

Prov. Gov. Dec. 1.
i831. Sir Robt. Adair, sp. miss. Aug.

3.
1832. Col. hon. John Hobart Caradoc,

aft. succ. as baron Howden,

military sp. miss. Nov. 15.

1835. Hy. Lytton Bulwer, aft. sir Hy., and

Id. Dalling and Bulwer, ch. d'a.
Dec. 3.

1836. Sir Geo. Hamilton Seymour, env.

ext. and min. plen. April 4.

1845. Thos. Wathen Waller, ch. d'a.

Oct. 18.

1846. Chas. Aug., lord Howard de Wal-

den and Seaford, env. ext. and
min. plen. Dec. 10.

1856.
1866.
1868.

1878.
1883.
1884.

Sir Stratford Canning, aft. vise.

Stratford de Redcliffe, ext. miss.

to Belgium, Germany, Greece,

and Switzerland. Nov. 26.
Jno. Fane, E. of Westmoreland,

sp. miss. July 16.
Jno. Robt., E. Sydney, sp. miss.

Feb. 7.
Jno. Savile Lumley, aft. Sir J.,

env. est. and min. plen. Oct. 19.
Geo., vise. Torrington, sjd. miss.

Aug. 12.
Sir Edwd. Baldwin Malet, env. ext.

and min. plen. Aug. 29.
Hon. Hussey Crespigny Vivian, c.b.

aft. Lord Vivian, k.c.m.g., env.

ext. and min. plen. Dec. 15.

TO SPAIN.

* * Geo. Wm. Hervey, E. of Bristol,

ambassador.
1763. John Montagu, E. of Sandwich,

amb. Feb. 19.

— Wm. Hy. Nassau, E. of Rochford,

amb. June 18.
1766. Sir Jas. Gray, bt., amb. Nov. 25.

1770. Geo. Pitt, aft. lord Rivers, amb.

Feb. 19.

1771. Thos.. Id. Grantham, amb. Jan.

25.

— Jas, Harris, aft. sir J., and lord and

E. of ]Malmesbury, min. plen, ad.
int. Feb. 22.

1783. John, vise. Mountstuart, aft. E. and

M. of Bute, amb. Mar. 12.
— Philip, E. of Chesterfield, amb.
Dec. 31.

1784. Robt. Listen, aft. sir R., min. plen.,

ad int.
1787. William Eden, aft. lord Auckland,

amb. Aug. 18.
1789. Chas. Hy. Fraser, min. plen. ad

int. July 18.

124

1794.
1795.
1802.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1813.
1820.
1822.

1825.

1829.
1832.

1833,

1835
1839

1840
1843

Sir Morten Eden, aft. lord Henley, I

amb. Mar. 15.
John, E., aft. M. of Bute, again,

amb. Apr. 23.
John Hookham Frore, env. ext.

and min. plen. Sept. 20.
Rd., Marq. Wellcsley, amb. June

9.
Bartholomew Frere, min. plen., ad

int. Sept. 17.
Hon. Hy. Wellesley, aft. sir H., and

Id. Cowley, env. ext. and min.

plen. Jan. 3 ; amb., Oct. 1,

1811.
Chas. Rd. Vaughan, aft. Sir C,

min. plen., ad int. July 16.
Lionel Hervey, min. plen., ad int.

Nov. 25.
Sir Wm. A'Court, aft. lord Heytes-

bury, env. ext. and min. plen.

AuR. 8.
Hon. Fredk. Jas. Lamb, aft. sir F.,

and lord Beauvalc, succ. as vise.

^lelbourne ; env. ext. and min.

plen. Feb. 18.
Hy. Unwin Addington, env. ext.

and min. plen. Dec. 7.
Sir Stratford Canning, aft. vise.

Stratford de Redcliffc, sp. miss.

Dec. 13.
Hon. Geo. \\'m. Fredk. Yilliers, aft.

sir G., succ. as E. of Clarendon ;

env. ext. and min. plen. Sept. 5.
Lord Elliot, military miss.
Hon. Geo. Sulyarde Stafford Jer-

ningham, ch. d'a. Oct. 18.
Arthur Aston, aft. sir A., env. ext.

and mill. plen. Feb. 13.
Hy. Lytton Bulwer, aft. Sir H.,

and id. Dalling and Buhver, env.

ext. and min. \>\cn. Nov. 25. In

1850.

1858.
1860.

1869.
1878.

1884.

t^ik.

May 1848, Mr. Balwer was or-
dered by the Spanish govern-
ment to quit Madrid within
forty-eight hours, on the alleged
ground of his improper inter-
ference in the internal affairs of
the kingdom. The minister of
Spain in London (M. Isturiz) was,
in consequence, informed by the
British government that he could
not be allowed to continue at the
court of Great Britain as minister
from the Q. of Spain. M. Isturiz
took his departure, therefore,
from London on the 14th Jane
following ; and diplomatic rela-
tions were not renewed between
the two countries until April
1850 ; when lord Howden was
appointed British minister to the
court of Madrid, and M. Isturiz
returned to the court of London.

John Hobart, lord Howden, env.
ext. and min. plen. May 9.

Andrew Buchanan, c.H., aft. sir A.,
env. ext. and min. plen. Mar. 31.

Sir Jno. Fiennes Twistleton Cramp-
ton, bt., K.r.B., env. ext. and
min. plen. Dec. 11.

Austen Hy Layard, aft. Sir A., env.
ext. and min. plen. Oct. 23.

Hon. Lionel Sackville Sackville
West, aft. sir L., env. ext. and
min. plen. Jan. 11.

Robt. Burnett David Morier, c.n.,
aft. sir R., env. ext. and min.
plen. June 22.

Fras. Clare Ford, c.b., c.m..g, aft.
sir F.,env. ext. and min. plen.
Dec. 15 ; amb. ext. and plen.
Dec. 8, 1887.

TO PORTUGAL.

* * Hon. Edw. Hay, env. ext. and min.

plen.
1766. Wm. Hy. Lyttleton, aft. lord Westcote,

env. ext. and min. plen. Oct. 25.
1771. Hon. Robt. Walpole, env. ext. and

min. plen. June 12.
1786. W^m. Fawkener, env. ext. and mm.

plen. , for negotiating commercial

affairs in conjunction with the hon.

Robt. Walpoie. Oct. 4.
1800. John Hookham Frere, env. ext. and

and min. plen. Oct. 14.
1802. Lord Robt. Stephen I<'it/.gerald, env.

ext. and min. plen. Sept. 25.
1806. James, E. of Rosslyn, John, E. of

St. Vincent, and gen. Simcoe ;ext.

miss. Aug. 9.

1814.

Percy Clinton, vise. Strangford,min.

plen., ad int. Dec. 1. Env.

ext. and min. jilen. Apr. 16,

1808.
Vise. Strangford went to the Brazils

on the court of Portugal going

thither.
John Chas. Villiers, env. ext. and

min. plen. Nov. 27.
Chas. Stuart, aft. sir C. and lord

Stuart de Rothesay, env. ext. and

min. plen. Jan. 10.
Thos. Sydenham, env. ext. and min.

plen. May 26.
George Canning, amb., to congratu-
late the king on his return to his

European dominions. Oct. 17.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

123

1817. Edw. Thornton, aft. sir Ed., env.
ext. and min. plen. July 29.
Mr. Thornton went to the Brazils
same year.

1819. The same, amb. pro tern. Apr. 12.

1820. Edw. Michael Ward, ch. d'a. Mar. 6.

1823. Sir Edw. Thornton, again, env. ext.

and min. plen. Aug. 7.

1824. Sir Wm. A'Court, aft. lord Heytes-

bury, amb. Aug. 16.

1825. Sir Chas. Stuart, aft. lord Stuart de

Rothesay, sp. miss. Mar. 14.

1827. Sir Fredk. Jas. Lamb, aft. lord Beau-
vale ; succ. as vise. Melbourne,
amb. Dec. 28.

1833. Lord Wm. Russell sp. miss. Aug. 7.

— Chas. Augs. , lord Howard de Wal-

den, aft. lord Howard de Walden

and Seaford, env. ext. and min.

plen. Nov. 26.

1847. Sir Geo. Hamilton Seymour, env.
ext. and min. plen. Feb. 2.

1851. Sir Rd. Pakenham, env. ext. and
min. plen. Apr. 28. Sp. miss.
Aug. 17, 1855.

1855. Hy. Eras. Howard, aft. Sir H., env.
ext. and min. plen. Oct. 10.

1858. Jno. Alexr., M. of Bath, env. ext.

and min. plen., sp. miss. Apr. 27.

1859. Sir Arthur Chas. Magenis, k.c.b.,

env. ext. and min. plen. Nov.
11.

1865. Wm. Philip, E. of Sefton. sp. miss.

Apr. 17.

1866. Sir Aug. Berkeley Paget, k.c.b.,

env. ext. and min. plen. June 9.

1867. Edwd. Thornton, c.b., aft. Sir E.,

env. ext. and min. plen. Sept. 3.
1867. Hon. Sir Chas. Aug. Murray, k.c.b.,

env. ext. and min. plen. Dec. 13.
1874. Edwd. Robt., Id., aft. E. Lytton,

env. ext. and min. plen. Nov. 26.
1876. Robt. Burnett David Morier, c.b.,

aft. sir R., env. ext. and min.

plen. Mar. 1.
1881. Sir Chas. Lennox Wyke, G.c.M.a.,

K.C.B., env. ext. and min. plen.

June 22.
1884. Geo. Glynn Petre, env. ext. and min,

plen. Jan. 16. ^/< ^" -je-^c, ^ r « f

TO RUSSIA.

* * Robt. Murray Keith, aft. sir R., env.
ext.

1762. John, E. of Buckinghamshire, amb.
ext. and min. plen. July 17.

1764. Sir Geo., aft. Id., vise, and E., Ma-
cartney, env. ext. Aug. 31.

1766. Hans Stanley, amb. ext. and min.

plen. Aug. 12.

1767. Sir Geo. Macartney, again, amb.

ext. and min. plen. Oct. 14.

1768. Chas. Shaw, lord Cathcart, amb.

ext. and min. plen. Feb. 23.
1771. Robt. Gunning, aft. sir R., bt.,

env. ext. and min. plen. Dec.

13.
1776. Sir Jas. Harris, aft. Id., and E.

of Malmesbury, env. ext. and

min. plen. Nov. 30.
1783. AUeyne Fitzherbert, aft. Id. St.

Helens, env. ext. and min. plen.

Aug. 19.
1788. Chas. Whitworth, aft. sir C, and

Id., vise, and E. Whitworth,

env. ext. and min. plen. Oct. 13.
1790. Wm. Fawkener, env. ext. and min.

plen, ad int.

1801. Alleyne, Id. St. Helens, amb. to the

emp. Alexander on his accession.
Apr. 24.
— Benj. Garlike, min. plen., ad int.
July 13.

1802. Sir John Borlase Warren, bt., amb.

Sept. 5.

1804.
1806.

1806.

1813.

1817.
1820.

1822.

1824.

Lord Granville Leveson Gower, aft.

E. Granville, amb. Aug. 10.
Wm. Shaw, Id., aft. vise, and E.,

Cathcart, amb. Nov. 28.
Dudley, Id., aft. E. of Harrowby;

ext. miss, (and to Prussia). Nov.

28.
Lord G. L. Gower, again, amb.

May 17.
Alex., M. of Douglas and Clydes-
dale, succ. as D. of Hamilton,

amb. May 28.
Wm. Shaw, vise. Cathcart, amb.

July 25.
Horatio, Id. Walpole, succ. as

E. of Orford, min. plen., ad int.

Aug. 4.
Robt., vise. Castlereagh, succ. as M.

of Londonderry, sp. miss. Dec.

27.
Lewis Casamajor. min, plen., ad int.

July 5.
Sir Chas. Bagot, amb. May 23.
Lt. -col. hon. Fredk. Cathcart, min.

plen., ad int.
Arthur, D. of Wellington, ext. miss.

to the congress of Verona. Sept.

14.
Edwd. Michael Ward, min. plen., ad

int. June 30.
Stratford Canning, aft. sir S. and vise.

Stratford de Redcliffe, sp. miss.

Dec. 8.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

126

1825. Edwd. Cromwell Disbrowe, aft. sir

E., min. plen., arf int. Feb. 23.
182.5. Percy Clinton, vise. Strangford, amb.
Oct. 10. I

1826. Arthur, D. of Wellington, again, |

sp. miss. Feb. 6. ;

\Vm. Spencer, D. of Devonshire, sp. j

embassy, coronation of the emp. '
Nicholas. May 5. I

Edwd. Cromwell Disbrowe, again, i

min. plen., ad int. May 31. I

1828. Hon. Wm. Temple, min. plen., ad
int. Jan. 4. i

_ Wm. lord Heytesbury. amb. June 7. |
1832. John Geo., lord, aft. E. of Durham,
est. miss, to Austria, Russia, and |
Prussia. July 3.
1832. Hon. John Duncan Bligh, min. plen., I
ad int. Sept. 3.

1835. JohnGeo.,E. of Durham, amb. July 8. |

1836. John Ralph Milbanke, aft. sir J. R. i

M., min. plen., ad int. Sept. 29.
1838. Ulick John M. of Clanricarde, amb.
Oct. 6.

1840. Hon. John Arthur Douglas Bloom-

field, aft. Id. Bloomfield, min.
plan., ad int. IVIar. 28.

1841. Chas. , lord Stuart de Rothesay, amb.

Oct. 16.

1844.

1851.

J. A, D., Id. Bloomfield, again, env.

ext. and min. plen. Mar. 9.
Sir Geo. Hamilton Seymour, cnv.

ext. and min. plen. Apr. 28.
Dipl. rel. suspended Feb. 1854, till
termination of Crimean war.
1856. Jno., Id. Wodehouse, env. ext. and

min. plen. May 4.
1856. Geo. Granville, E. Granville, amb.
ext. to emp. Alexander II. on
coronation.
1858. Sir Jno. Fiennes Twistleton Cramp-
ton, bart., K.c.B. , env. ext. and
min. plen. Mar. 31.
1860. Francis, lord Napier, amb. ext. and
plen. Dec. 11.
Hon. Sir Andrew Buchanan, k.c.b.,
amb. ext. and min. plen. Sept.
15.
Lord Aug. Wm. Fredk. Spencer
Loftns, G.O.B., amb. ext. and
plen. Oct. 16.
Fredk. Temple Hamilton, E. of
Dufferin, k.p., g.c.m.g., k.c.b.,
amb. ext. and plen. Feb. 8, G.
1881. Sir Edwd. Thornton, k.c.b., amb.

ext. and plen. May 26.
1884. Sir Robt. Burnett David Morier,
k.c.b., amb. ext. and plen. Dec. 1.

1864.

1871.

1879.

IM:

VfCe.;

ir.^^ k'^.f^^.')titni,.

TO POLAND.

* * Thos. Wroughton, aft. sir T., min.
plen.

1778. Rd. Oakes, min. plen. June 10.

1779. Jas. Hare, min. pl<;n. Oct. 19.
1782. John, vise. Dalrymple, aft. E. of Stair,

min. plen. Jan. 5.
1784. Chas. Whitworth, aft. sir C, Id.,

vise, and E. Whitworth, min.

plen. June 25.
1788. Daniel Hailes, min. plen. Sept. 13.
1791. Wm. Gardiner, min. plen. Dec. 14.
Poland was finally partitioned by

Russia. Austria, and Prussia, in

1795.

SWEDEN. SWEDEN AND NORWAY.

To Sweden.

1773.

1776.
1778.

1787.
1788.

1795.
1802.

Sir John Goodricke, bt., env. ext.
Lewis de Visme, env. ext. Nov. 29 ;

d. 1776.
Horace St. Paul, env. ext. Oct. 31.
Thos. Wroughton, aft. sir T. , env.

ext. June 10. Min. plen., Apr.

27, 1787 ; d. Sept. this year.
Chas. Keene, ch. d'a. Sept. 22.
Robt. Listen, aft. sir R., min. plen.

Sept. 13.
Lord Uy. John Spencer, env. ext

July 13.
Daniel Hailes, min. plen. July 11.
Chas. Arbuthnot, cnv. ext. Sept. 5.

1804.
1807.

1811,
1812

Hon. Hy. Man vers Pierrepont, env.

ext. and min. plen. Apr. 20.
Alexr. Straton, env. exl. and min.

plen. Jan. 19.
Hon. Hy. M. Pierrepoint, again, sp.

miss. May.
Edwd. Thornton, aft. sir E., cnv.

oxt. and min. plen. Dec. 10.
Anthy. Merry, env. ext. and min.

plen. Nov. 1.
Edwd.Thornton,o_7rti»i,sp. miss. Oct.
Edwd. Thornton again, env. ext.

and min. plen. Aug. 5.
Norway united to Sweden.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

To Sweden and Norway.

1817. Percy Clinton, vise. Strangford, env.
est. and min. plan. July. 18.

1820. Wm. Fitzgerald Vesey Fitzgerald,
aft. Id. Fitzgerald and Vesci,
env. est. and min. plen. Aug. 7.

1823. Sir Benj. Bloomfield, aft. lord Bloom-
field, env. ext. and min. plen.
Apr. 24.

1832. Ghas. Aug., Id. Howard de Wal-

den, aft. Id. Howard de Walden
and Seaford, env. ext. and min
plen. Sept. 21.

1833. Sir Edwd. Cromwell Disbrowe,

env. ext. and min. plen. Nov

26.
1835. Hon. John Duncan Bligh, env. ext

and min plen. Nov. 3.
1838. Sir Thos. Cartwright, env. ext. and

min. plen. Oct. 6.
1850. Geo. John Robt. Gordon, ch. d'a.,

May 2, during absence of sir T.

Cartwright.

1851. Sir Edmd. Lyons, bt., aft. Id. Lyons,
env. ext. and min. plen. Jan. 27.

1853. Hon. Geo. Sulyarde Stafford Jerning-

ham, env. ext. and min. plen.
Nov. 23 ; (appt. cancelled).

1854. Arthur Chas. Magenis, aft. sir A.,

env. ext. and min. plen. May 20.
1859. Augs. Berkeley Paget, aft. sir A.,

env. ext. and min. plon. June 6.
Note. — This appointment was can-
celled and A. C. Magenis remained

until
1859. Hon. Geo. Sulyarde Stafford Jerning-

ham, af/aiii, env. ext. and min

plen. Nov. 11.
1872. Hon. Edwd. Morris Erskine, env.

ext. and min. plen. July 24.
1881. Sir Horace Rumbold, bt., env. ext.

and min. plen. Apr. 1.
1884. Edwin Corbett, env. ext. and min.

plen. Dec. 24.
1888. Hon. Eras. Rd. Plunkett. Apr. x^J-'

TO DENMARK.

1763. Dudley Alex. Sydney Cosby, aft.

Id. Sydney, of Leix, in Ireland,

resident. Sept. 10.
1765. Wm. Gordon, aft. sir W., bt., env.

ext. June 29.

— Robt. Gunning, aft. sir R., resident.

Nov. 23.

1771. Robt. Murray Keith, aft. sir R.,

env. ext. Feb. 13.

1772. Ralph Woodford, env. ext. Aug. 14.
1774. Daniel de Laval, resident. July 15.

Env. ext., June 10, 1778.

1779. Morton Eden, aft. sir M., and Id.
Henley, env. ext. Mar. 17.

1782. Hugh Elliot, env. ext. and aft. min.
plen.

1791. Daniel Hailes, env. ext. Dec. 14.

1795. Lord Robt. Stephen Fitzgerald, env.
ext. and min. plen. July 7.

1800. Chas., Id., aft. vise, and E. Whit-
worth, ext. miss. Aug. 1.

1803. Sir Jas. Craufurd, env. ext. and

min. plen. Feb. 27.

— Robt. Listen, aft, sir R., ext. miss.

June 23.

1804. Benj. Garlike, env. ext. and min.

plen. Dec. 31.

1805. Edwd. Thornton, aft. sir E., min.

plen. to Denmark, the Hanse
Towns, Lower Saxony, Mecklen-
burg-Schwerin, and Mecklenburg-
Strelitz. May 4.
1807. Brook Taylor, aft. sir B., env. ext.
and min. plen., ad int. July 17.

— Fras. Jas. Jackson, env. ext. and

min. plen., ud int. July 24.

1807. Anthy. Merry, env. ext. and min.
plen. Oct. 3.

1812. Edwd. Thornton, again, env. ext.

and min. plen. July 5.

1813. Gen. hon. Alexr. Hope, env. ext. and

min. plen. Jan. 15.

1814. Aug. John Foster, aft. sir A., env.

ext. and min. plen. May 19.
1824. Hy. Watkin Williams Wynn, aft. sir

H., bt., env. ext. and min. plen.

Sei^t. 14.
1853. Andrew Buchanan, aft. sir A. , env.

ext. and min. plen. Feb. 9.

1858. Hon. Hy. Geo. Elliot, aft. Sir H.,

env. est. and min. plen. Mar.
31.

1859. Augs. Berkeley Paget, aft. sir A.,

env. ext. and min. plen. July 4.
18(33. Jno., Id. Wodehouse, aft. E. of
Kimberley, sp. miss, to congrat.
K. Christian IX. on his accession.
Dec. 9.

1866. Hon. Chas. Aug. Murray, c.u., aft.

sir C, env. ext. and min. jjlen.
June 9.

1867. Sir Chas. Lennox Wyke, K.c.n. ,

env. ext. and min. plen. Dec. 16.
1881. Hon. Hussey CresjDigny Vivian,

C.B., env. ext and min, plen.

July 1.
1884. Hon. Edmund Jno Monson,c.u., aftj

sir E., env. ext. and min. plen.

Dec. 29.
1888. Hugh Guion Macdonell, env. ext.

and min. plen. Feb. 1. '-^JuM^jl',

128

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

TO THE DANUBIAN PRINCIPALITIES OF MOLDAVIA
AND WALL AC HI A.

United in 1861 under the name of ROUMANIA.

1851. Robt. Gilmour Colquhoun, aft. sir

R., agent and C.G. Nov. 18.
1859. Jno. Green, aft. sir J., agent and

C.G. July 17.
1874. Hon. Hussey Chas. Vivian, agent

and C.G. Feb. 16.
1876. Lt.-col. Chas. Edw. Mansfield, agent

and C.G. May 10.
1878. Wm. Arthur White, c.b., aft. sir

W., agent and C.G. July 1-
Env. ext. and min. plen., Feb.
20, 1880. G.

1882. Percy Sanderson, apptd. C.G. and
Commr. for Danube arrange-
ments. Jan. 1. G.

1887. Sir Frank Cavendish Lascelles,
K.C.M.G., env. ext. and min.
plen. Jan. 1.
I^ai. SiA Hc^ Jv^ •>..,%<,. U/ffAoi^/^rM-f

TO BULGARIA.

1879. Wm. Gifford Palgrave, agent and

C.G. June 20.
1879. Frank Cavendish Lascelles, aft. sir

F., agent and C.G. Nov. 26.

1887. Nichs. Roderick O'Conor, agent and
C.G. Jan. 1.

TO SERVIA.

1868. Jno. A. Longworth, agent and C.G.

Mar. 17.
1875. Wm. Arthur ^Vhite, aft. sir A.

agent and C.G. Feb. 27.
1878. Gerard Fras. Gould, agent. July 1.

Ch. d'a., Jan. 8, 1879. Min. res.

Mar. 3. 1879.

1881. Sidney Locock, min. res. Apr. 16.

1885. Geo. Hugh Wyndham, c.b., min.

res., Feb. 25; env. ext. and min

plen. Sept. 8, 1886.
1888. Fredk. Robt. St. John, env. ext. and

min. plen. Feb. 1.

TO MONTENEGRO.

1879. Wm. Kirby Green, ch. d'a. Monte- I 1886. Walter Baring, ch. d'a. July 20.
negro, and C.G., Scutari. Jan. 6. | .-.■',- .i^^yV/.K .iCc~^e<(., ' ,''J

TO GREECE.

Greece became a kingdom, October 5, 1832 ; and Otlio, of Bavari
ascended the throne, as first king, January 25, 1833.

1883. Edw. Jas. Dawkins, min. plen.

Jan. 1.
1835. Sir Edmd. Lyons, min. plen. July 2

1847. Sir Stratford Canning, aft. visct.
Stratford de Redcliffe, ext. miss.

to Belgium, Germany, Greece,
and Switzerland. Nov. 26.
1849. Thos. Wvso, aft. sir T., min. plen.
Feb. 9. G.
Dipl. rel. susp. from Jan. 22 to
Apr. 28, 1850.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

129

1862. Hon. Hy. Geo. Elliot, after sir H.,
sp. miss, to K. Otho. Apr. 24,
G. Sp. miss, to Prov. Gov.
Dec. 13.

1862. Hon. Peter Campbell Scarlett, G.B.,
env. ext. and min. plen. June 12.

1864. Hon. Edw. Morris Erskine, env.
ext. and min. plen. May 7.

1871. Hon. Wm. Stuart, sp. miss. May

1. Env. ext. and min. plen.,

July 29, 1872.
1878. Edwin Corbett, env. ext. and min.

plen. Jan. 7.
1881. Eras. Clare Ford, c.b., c.m.q.,' aft.

sir P., env. ext. and min. plen.

Mar. 5.
1884. Sir Horace Rumbold, bt., env,

ext. and min. plen. Dec. 17.

— le^p. iflwi^ Nt'My ?';f^fe),, t.a

TO THE IONIAN ISLANDS.

Corfu, Cephalonia, Zante, St. Mauea, Ithaca, Cekigo, and
Paxo.

These islands, called the "Republic op the Seven Islands," were
placed under the protection of Great Britain, by the congress of Vienna,
in 1815, and "Lord High Commissioners" were from time to time
appointed and sent out. A list of these is given here, in the absence
of any more appropriate place, although their functions differed con-
siderably from those of ordinary diplomatic representatives.
Lord High Commissioners.

1816. Lt.-gen. sir Tbos. Maitland, g.c.b.

May 7.
1824. Lt.-gen. sir Fredk. Adam, k.c.b.

Apr. 7.
1832. Sir Jas. Macdonald. June 2, G.
— Geo., Id. Nugent. Aug. 13, G.
1835. Lt.-gen. sir Howard Douglas, bt.

Mar. 13.
1840. Jas. Alex. Stewart Mackenzie. Dec. 2.

1843. Lt.-gen. John, Id. Seaton, g.c.b.

Feb. 24.
1849. Hy. Geo. Ward. May 2.
1855. Sir Jno. Young, bt. Mar. 20, G.

1858. Wm. Ewart Gladstone, commr. ext.,

Nov. 6, G. ; Id. high commr.,
Jan. 25, 1859, G.

1859. Col. sir Hy. Knight Storks, k.c b.,

Feb. 2, G.

The Ionian Islands were united to Greece in 1863. See " Greece.

TO TURKEY.

1761.
1765.

1775.
1793.
1796.

1799.
1803.
1804.
1807.

1808.

1809.

1812.
1820.

James Porter, aft. sir Jas., amb.
Hon. Hy. Grenville, amb.
Robt. Colebrooke, amb. July 31. j
John Murray, amb. Nov. 30 ; o?. at

Venice, Aug. 9, 1775. j

Sir Robt. Ainslie, amb. Sept. 20.
Robt. Listen, aft. sir R., amb. Oct. 1.
Fras. Jas. Jackson, amb. July 23. j
.John Spencer Smith, min. plen., ad.

int.
Thos.,E. of Elgin, amb. Apr. 13.
Wm. Drummond, amb. Feb. 9.
Chas. Arbuthnot, amb. June 5.
Hon. sir Arthur Paget, amb. May

15.
Robt. Adair, aft. sir R., sp. miss.

July 5 ; amb. April 14, 1809.
Stratford Canning, aft. sir S. and

vise. Stratford de Redcliffe, min.

plen. July 17.
Robt. Listen, again, amb. Mar. 2. |
Bartholomew Frere, min. plen. Mar.

1820. Percy Clinton, visc.Strangford, amb.
Aug. 7.

1824. Wm. Turner, min. plen., ad inf.

May 18.

1825. S. Canning, again, amb. Oct. 10.
1827. Col. the hon. John Hobart Caradoc,

aft. lord Howden, sp. miss, to
Egypt and Greece. July 4.
1829. Robt. Gordon, aft. sir R., amb.
Apr. 8.

1831. Sir S. Canning, again, amb. Oct. 31.

— John Hy. Mandeville, min. plen., ad

int. Nov. 7.

1832. John, Id., aft. vise. Ponsonbv, amb.

Nov. 27.
1837. Sir Chas. Rd. Vaughan, amb. Mar. 1.
1841. Chas. Bankhead, min, plen., ad inf.

Mar. 30.

— Sir S. Canning, again, amb. Oct. 16.
1845. Hon. Hy. Rd. Chas. Wellesley, aft.

Id. and E. Cowley, min. plen., ad
int. June 14.
1858. Sir Hy. Lytton Bulwer, g.c.b., aft.
9

130

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Id. Dalling and Bulwer, amb.

ext. and plen. May 10.
1865. Rd. Bickerton Pemeil, Id. Lyons,

G.C.B., amb. ext. and plen. Aug.

10.
1867. Hon. Hy. Geo. Elliot, aft. sir H.

amb. ext. and plen. July §.

1876. Robt. Arth. Talbot, M. of Salisbury,

sp. amb. Nov. 8.

1877. Austen Hy. Layard, aft. sir A., sp.

amb., ad int. Mar. 31.
1871. Edw. Baldwin Malet, aft. sir E.,

vain. -plen., ad int. Feb. 18.
1880. Geo. Joachim Goschen, sp. amb. ext.

and plen. May G.

1881. Fredk. Temple Hamilton E. of
Dufiferin, k.p.. g.c.m.g., k.c.b.,
amb. ext. and plen. May 26.

1884. Sir Edw. Thornton, g.c.b., amb.

ext. and plen. Dec. 1.

1885. Sir Wm. Arthur White, k.c.m.g.,

env. ext. and min. plen. (td uit.
Apr. 18.

1885. Sir Hy. Drummond Wolff, g.c.m.g.,

K.C.B., env. ext. and min. plen.,
sp. miss, on Egyptian affairs.
Aug. 3.

1886. Sir W. A. White, g.c.m.g., a</ain,

.sp. amb. ext. and plen. Oct. 11.
Amb. ext. and plen. Jan. 1, 18H7.

TO EGYPT.

1858. Robt. Gilmour Golquhoun, aft. sir
R., agent and C.G. Dec. 13.

1865. Col. Edw. Stanton, aft. gen. sir. E.,
agent and C.G. May 15.

1875. Stephen Cave, aft. sir S., sp. miss.

Dec. 1.

1876. Hon. Hussey Crespigny Vivian, agent

and C.G. May 10.
1879. Edw. Baldwin Malet, c.b., aft. sir

E., agent and C.G. Oct. 10.
1882. Fredk. Temple Hamilton, E. of

Dufferin, K.P., G.C.M.G., K.c.n.,

sp. miss. Nov. 2.
1883. Maj. sir Evelyn Baring, K.c.s.i.,

agent and C.G. Aug. 29.
1884:. Thos. Geo., E. of Northbrook,

sp. miss, as high eommr. Aug. 12.
1885. Sir Hy. Drummond Wolff, g.c.m.g.,

K.C.B. , high commr. Nov. 2.

Transf. to Persia, Dec. 1.S87,

leaving Sir E. Baring, agent and

C.G. ^'^-ft:'^-"-^'-"''-'*"^ '^<

TO MUSCAT.

1872. Sir Hy. Bartle Edwd. Frere, Sp. Env., Nov. 9.

1807.

1810.
1814.

1826.

1835.
1836,

1844

Sir Harford Jones, aft. sir H. Jones

Brydges, env. ext. June 5.
Sir Gore Ouseley, bt. , amb. Mar . 6.
Jas. Morier, min. plen., ad int.

April 18.
Hy. Ellis, min. plen., ad int., in the
event of Mr. Morier's absence.
April 18.*
Col. Macdonald, env. ext. from the

supr. govt, of India. July 29.
Hy. Ellis, again, amb. July 8.
John M'Neill, env. ext. and min.

plen. May 25.
Lt.-col. Justin Shell, aft. sir J., env.
ext. and min. plen. Sept. 17.

TO PERSIA.

1854. Hon. Chas. Augs. IMurray, env. ext.
and min. plen. Sept. 3.
Dipl. rel. susp., Dec. 5, 1855.
1859. Lt.-col. sir Hy. Creswicke Rawlinson,
K.C.B., env. ext. and min. plen.
Apr. 16.
Chas. Ahson, env. ext. and min. plen.

Apr. 7.
Wm. Taylour Thomson, aft. sir W.,
env. ext. and min. plen. July 15.
Ronald Ferguson Thomson, aft. sir
R., env. ext. and min. plen. June
14.
1887. Sir Hy. Drummond Wolff, g.c.m.g..
K.C.B., env. ext. and min. plen.
. Dec. 3. , ,

1860.
1872.

1879.

TO CHINA AND COREA.

To China.

1792. Geo., Id., aft. vise, and E. Macart-
ney, amb. ext. and min. plen. ; sp.
miss. May 22.
Commrs. to the embassy, Hy.

Browne, Eyles Irwin, and NVni.
Jackson.
Sec. of legation, sir Geo. L. Staun-
ton.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

131

1816. Wm. Pitt, Id. Amherst, amb. ; sp.

miss. Jan. 20.
— Hy. Ellis, aft. sir H., min. plen., ad

int. Jan. 24.
1841. Sir Hy. Pottinger, supt. of Brit.

trade. Aug. 16.
1844. Sir Jno. Fras. Davis, plen. and supt.

Feb. 9.
1848. Sir Saml. Geo. Bonham, plen. and

supt. Apr. 27.
1853. Sir Jno. Bowring, plen. and supt.

Dec. 24.
1857. Jas., E. of Elgin and Kincardine, sp.

miss. Apr. 17.
Dipl. rel. susp. during war from

May 25, 1857.

1859. Hon. Fredk. Wm. Adolphus Bruce,

aft. sir F., env. ext. and min.
plen. Jan. 14.
Dipl. rel. again susp. during war
from June 25, 1859.

1860. Jas., E. of Elgin and Kincardine

again, sp. miss. Mar. 20.
1865. Sir Rutherford Alcock, k.c.b., env.

ext. and min. plen. Mar. 28, G.
1871. Thos. Fras. Wade, c.u., aft. sir T.,

env. ext. and min. plen. July

22.
1883. Sir Harry Smith Parkes, G.c.M.tr.,

K.C.B., env. ext. and min. plen.

July 1.

To China and Corea.

1884. Sir Harry Smith Parkes, G.C.M.G.,

K.C.B. , accredited as env. ext.
and min. plen. to K. of Corea.
Feb. 27, G.

1885. Sir Robt. Hart, k.c.m.g., env. ext.

and min. plen. to emp. China and

K. Corea. May 2. Did not pro-
ceed to China.
1885. Sir Jno. Walsham, bt., env. ext.
and min. plen. to China and Corea.
SJ, . Nov. 24.

TO JAPAN.

1858. Jas., E. of Elgin and Kincardine,

sp. miss.

1859. Rutherford Alcock, aft. sir R., env.

est. and min. plen. Nov. 30.
1865. Sir Harry Smith Parkes, k.c.b.,
env. ext. and min. plen. Mar. 28.

1883. Hon. Fras. Rd. Plunkett, aft. sirF.,
env. ext., min. plen. and C.G.
July 1.

1888. Hugh Fraser, env. ext. and min.
plen. May. _

TO SIAM.

1855. Sir Jno. Bowring, sp. miss. Mar. 12.
1875. Thos. Geo. Knox, agent and C.G.

Feb. 8.
1879. Wm. Gift'ord Palgrave. agent and

C.G. Nov. 26.

1884. Ernest Mason Satow, agent and C.G.
Jan. 16; Min. res. and C.G. Feb.
17, 1885.

Q'i .dl 0 Vt_<M.,

TO BORNEO.

1847. Jas. Brooke, aft. Sir J., commr. and C.G., Mar. 19.

TO ABYSSINIA.

1884. R.-Adm. Sir Wm. Hewett, sp. miss., Jan. 2.

TO THE BARBARY STATES. TUNIS. MOROCCO.

To THE Barbary States.

1813. Wm. A'Court, aft. Sir W. and Lord Heytesbury, env. ext. and min. plen, Jan.

9 *

132

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

To Tunis.

1821. Sir Thos. Reade, agent. i 1879. Thos. Fellowes Reade, agent and

1849. Sir Edwd. Stuart Baj-nes, agent. [ C.G. June 23. Retired Feb.,

Oct. 25. 1885. No successor appointed.

1855. Rd. Wood. aft. sir R., agent and /<Pyz,.U.W«,v /^vv, j^.v*^/fu„.^!-^,'^9

C.G. Aug. 30.

To Morocco.

1829. Edwd. Wm. Auriol Drummond Hay,

agent. May 11.
1845. Jno. Hay Drummond Hay, aft. sir

J., and K.C.I5., agent. Aug. 9.

Min. res., June 9, 1860. Min.

plen.. Sept. 1, 1872. Env. ext.
and min. plen., Feb. 27, 1880.
1886. Wm. Kirby Green^, c.m.g., env,
ext. and min. plen. July 1. ' av-,

■.i.T.,"^iiii«

TO ZANZIBAR.

1872. Sir Hy.BartleE. Frere, sp.env. Nov.9.
1880. Jobn Kirk, aft. sir J., agent and
C.G. Jan. 5.

1887. Col. Chas. Bean Euan-Smith, agent
and C.G. Dec. 1.

TO THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

1791. Geo. Hammond, min. plen. July 5.
Mr. Hammond was the first minister

sent from Great Britain to

America.
1796. Robt. Listen, aft. sir R., env. ext.

and min. plen. Mar. 10.
1803. Anth. Merry, env. ext. and min.

plen. Sept. 16.

1806. Hon. David Montagu Erskine, aft.

succ. as Id. Erskine, env. ext.
and min. plen. July 21. G.

1807. Geo. Hy. Rose. sp. miss. Oct.

23.
1809. Fras. Jas. Jackson, env. ext. and

min. plen. July 6.
1811. Aug. John Foster, aft. sir A., env.

ext. and min. plen. Feb.
1815. Hon. Chas. Bagot, aft. sir C, env.

ext. and min. plen. July 31.
1820. Sir Stratford Canning, aft. vise.

Stratford de Redcliffe, env. ext.

and min. plen. July 18.
1825. Chas. Rd. Vaughan, aft. sir C, env.

ext. and min. plen. May 21.
1835. Hy. Stephen Fox, env. e.xt. and

min. plen. Oct. 2.

1842. Alex. Baring, lord Ashburton. ext.

and sp. miss. Jan. 18.

1843. Rd. Pakenham, aft. sir R.. env. ext.

and min. plen. Dec. 14.
1849. Sir Hy. Lytton Bulwer, aft. Id.

Dalling and Bulwer. env. ext. and

min. plen. Apr. 27.
1852. Jno. Fiennes Twistleton Crampton,

aft. sir J., bt., env. ext. and

min. plen. Jan. 19.
1854. Jas., E. of Elgin and Kincardine,

sp. miss. May.
Dipl. rel. susp. from May 28, 1856.

1857. Fras.. Id. Napier, aft. Id. Napier

and Ettrick, env. oxt. and min.
plen. Jan. 20.

1858. Rd. Bickerton Pemell. Id. Lyons,

env. ext. and min. plen. Dee. 13.
1865. Hon. sir Fredk. Wm. Adolphus

Bruce, k.c.h., env. ext. and min.

plen. Mar. 1.
1867. Edwd Thornton, c.B., aft. sir E.,

env. ext. and min. ])leii. Dec. 6.
1881. Hon. Lionel Sackville Sackvillo West,

aft. sir L., env. ext. and min. plen.

June 22.'>f^-^<"iS.''i^'^

TO TEXAS.

1842. Capt. Chas. Elliot, ch. d'a., Juno 28.
Texas was admitted to the United States of America in 1846.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

TO MEXICO.

1843

1847.

1835. Rd. Pakenham, aft. sir R., min

plen. Mar. 12.
Percy Wm. Doyle, eh. d'a. Jan. 4.
Chas. Bankhead, min. plen. Nov.

24, G.
P. W. Doyle, again, eh. d'a.

1850. C. Bankhead, again, ch. d'a.

1851. P. W. Doyle, again, min. plen. Dec.

24.
1855. Wm. Garrow Lettsom, ch. d'a.
May 4.
Dipl. rel. susp. Nov. 1, 1855, to Nov.
1856, when Mr. Lettsom resumed
his functions.

1858. Loftus Chas. Otway, c.b., min. plen.
Feb. 19.

1860. Chas. Lennox Wyke, C.B.,aft. sirC,
env. est. and min. plen. Jan.
23.
Dipl. rel. susp. July 25, 1861.

1864. Hon. Peter Campbell Scarlett, c.b.,
env. ext. and min. plen. Nov. 9.
Dipl. rel. susp. in consequence of
the murder of the emp. Maxi-
milian, from Dec. 21, 1867, to

1883. Sir Spenser St. John, k.c.m.g., sp.
miss. May 29. Env. ext. and
min. plen. Nov. 28, 1884.

TO HAYTI.

1859. Thos. N. Ussher, ch. d'a. and C.G.

May 13.
1861. Spenser St. John, aft. sir S., ch.

d'a. and C.G. May 20. Min. res.

and C.G. , Dec. 12, 1872.

1874. Major Robt. Stuart, min. res. and
C.G. Oct. 28. Ret. May, 1883.

No successor app.

TO THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC.

1871. Spenser St. John, after sir S., ch.

d'a. June 28.
1874. Major Robt. Stuart, ch. d'a. Oct.

28. Ret. May, 1883.
cesser app.

No sue-

TO CENTRAL AMERICA. GUATEMALA. COSTA RICA.

To Guatemala.
1849. Fredk. Chatfield, ch. d'a., June 16.

To Guatemala and Costa Rica.

1850. Fredk. Chatfield, apptd. ch. d'a. to Costa Rica in addition to his previous appt.
to Guatemala, Feb. 20.

To Centeal America.
Comprising Guatemala, San Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Honduras.

1854. Chas. Lennox Wyke, aft. sir C,

ch. d'a. Oct. 31.
1857. Sir Wm. Gore Ouseley, sp. miss.

Oct. 30.

1859. C. L. Wyke, again, env. ext. and min.

plen. Aug. 8.

1860. Geo. Fagan, ch. d'a and C.G.

April 7.

134

THE BOOK OF DIGNITffiS.

1861. Geo. Benvenuto :Mathew, aft. sir G.,
ch. d'a. and C.G.,May 25; min.
plen., Aug. 21.
1865. Robt. Bunch, ch. d'a. and C.G.,
Aug. 30, G. Appt. cane, and Mr.
Bunch appt. to U.S. Colombia
from Jan. 15, 1806.
, 1866. G. B. Mathevr, appt. to U.S. Colom-
bia, cane, and re-appt. to Cent.
America from Jan. 15, 1866.

1860. Edwin Corbett, ch. d'a. and C.G.,

April 27; min. res. and C.G..

Dec. 12, 1872.
1874. Sidney Locock, min. res. and C.G.

May 23.
1881. Fredk. Robt. St. John, min. res. and

C.G. Feb. 12.
1884. Jas. Plaister Harriss-Ciastrell, min.

res. and C.G. Mar. 25.

TO COLOMBIA.

THE REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA. UNITED STATES OF COLOMBIA, NEW-
GRANADA. VENEZUELA, ECUADOR, PANAMA.

For the history of these states and their unions with and their separation
from each other, see " Cok-inbia," Part I., page 106.

To THE Republic of Colombia.

Comprising New Gkanada, Venezuela, and Ecuador.

1825. Alex. Cockburn, env. ext. and min. 1828. Geo. Wm. Chad, onv. ext. and min
plen. Dec. 24, G. plen. Feb. 12, G.

'■ 1829. Wm. Turner, env. ext. Sept Zl-

To New Granada.

1837. Wm. Turner, env. ext. and min.

plen. June 27.
1841. Robt'. Stewart, ch. d'a. Aug. 10, G.
1843. Danl. Florence O'Leary. ch. d'a. and

C.G. Nov. 28.

1854. Edwd. Thornton, aft. air E.. ch

d'a. May 6.

— Philip Griffith, ch. d'a. Sept.
19.

To the United States of Colombia.

Comprising New Granada and Panama.

1881. Aug. Hy. Mounsev, min. res. and
C.G. ' Apr. 26. "

1882. Jas. Plaister Harrisa-Gastrell, mm.
res. and C.G. May 10.

1884. Fredk. Robt. St. John, min. res
and C.G. Mar. 25.

1885. Wm. Jno. Dickson, min. res. and
C.G. Mar. 14.

/I

1865. Geo. Benvenuto Mathew, c.is., aft.

sir G., min. plen., Aug. 26 ; appt.
cane, and Mr. Mathew rc-appt. to
Cent. America from Jan. 15, 1866.

1866. Robt. Bunch, ch. d'a. and C.G.,

Jan. 15; min. res. and C.G.,
Dec. 12, 1872.
1878. Col. Chas. Edwd. Mansfield, min.
res. and C.G. July 1.

To Venezuela.

1858. Philip Edmund Wodehouse, aft sir

ch. d'a. I

1835. Sir Robert Ker Porter, „ , • v k o.>

July 2 P.,sp. miss. l<eb. 22.

1849 Belford Hinton Wilson, aft. sir B., 1858. Fredk. Dovoton Orme, ch. da. and
ch. d'a. and C.G. Nov. 30. C.(J. Api-. 1 , ,. - '

1862 Hon R. C. Bingham, ch. d'a. and 1864. lion. Rd. Edwardos, ch. di
C.G. Nov. 23. C.G. May 26.

and

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

135

1865. Geo. Fagan, ch. d'a. and C.G.

Aug. 10.
1869. Robt. Thos. Chas. Middleton, ch.

d'a. and C.G., July 5 ; min. res.

and C.G., Dec. 12.

1878. Robt. Bunch, min. res. July 1.
1881. Col. Chas. Edwd. Mansfield, min.

res. Apr. 26.
1884. Fredk. Robt. St. John, min. res.

Dec. 24.

TO BRAZIL.

Since the separation of Brazil from Portugal, and its erection into an
empire in November 1825.

1826. Hon. Robt. Gordon, aft. sir R., env.

ext. and min. plen. July 31.
1828. John, Id., aft. vise, Ponsonby,

env. ext. and min. plen. Feb. 12.
— Percy Clinton, vise. Strangford, sp.

miss. Aug. 19.
1832. Hy. Stephen Fox, env. ext. and min.

plen. June 1.
1835. Hamilton Chas. Jas. Hamilton, env.

ext. and min. plen. Oct. 2.
1838. Wm. Gore Ouseley, ch. d'a. Apr. 20.
1842. Hy. Ellis, aft. sir H., ext. and sp.

miss. Aug. 27.
1847. John Hobart, Id. Howden, env.

ext. and min. plen. Jan. 25.

1850. James Hudson, aft. sir James, env.

ext. and min. plen. May 13.

1851. Hy. Southern, c.b., env. ext. and

min. plen. Aug. 29.
1853. Hy. Fras. Howard, aft. sir H., env.

ext. and min. plen. May 3.
1855. Hon. Peter Campbell Scarlett, c.b.,

env. ext. and min. plen. Dec. 31.

1858. Hon. Fras. Regd. Forbes, env. ext.

and min. plen. Dec. 13.

1859. Wm. Dougal Christie, env. ext. and

min. plen., Sept. 2.
Dipl. rel. susp., July 5, 1863.
1865. Edwd. Thornton, c.b., aft. sir E.,

sp. miss., July 27; env. ext. and

min. plen. Aug. 10.
1867. Geo. Buckley Mathew, c.b., aft. sir

G., env. ext. and min. plen. Sept.

19.
1879. Fras. Clare Ford, c.b., c.m.g., aft.

sir F., env. ext. and min. plen.

June 14.
1881. Edwin Corbett, env. ext. and min.

plen. Mar. 5.
1885. Sidney Locock, env. ext. and min.

plen. Feb. 11 ; did not proceed.
1885. Hugh Guion Macdonell, env. ext.

and min. plen. Nov. 5.
1888. Geo. Hugh Wyndhani, c.b.. ,env.

ext. and min. plen. Feb. l.^^-^^ff-

TO PERU.

1842. Wm. Pitt Adams, ch. d'a. and C.G.
Nov. 30, G.

1852. Capt. Hon. Edwd. Alfd. Jno. Harris,

aft. adm. sir E., ch. d"a. and
C.G. Dec. 11.

1853. Stephen Hy. Sulivan, ch. d'a. and

C.G. Jan. 17.

1857. Hon. Wm. Geo. Stafford Jerming-

ham, ch. d'a. and C.G., Dec. 21 ;

min. res. and C.G., Dec. 12, 1872.
1874. Spenser St. John, aft. sir S.,min.

res. and C.G. Oct. 14.
1884. Col. Chas. Edwd. Mansfield, aft. sir

C.^ min. res. and C.G Dec 24.

TO BOLIVIA.

1837. Belford Hinton Wilson, ch. d'a.

Nov. 18.
1842. Wm. Pitt Adams, ch. d'a. Nov.

30.
1848. Hon. Fredk. Wm. Aug. Bruce, ch.

d'a. Apr. 14.

1851. Geo. Aug. Lloyd, ch. d'a. Dec. 4.

1852. Sir Chas. Hotham, sp. miss., April

17 ; did not proceed.

Dipl. rel. susp., Oct. 21, 1853 to

July 6, 1857.
1858. Fredk. Doveton Orme, ch. d'a. and

C.G. Apr. 1 ; did not proceed.
1858. Wm. Garrow Lettsom, ch. d'a. and

C.G. .July 24; did not proceed.
1875. Spenser St. John, after sir S., sp.

miss. July 18.

136

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

TO RIO DE LA PLATA. ARGENTINE CONFEDERATION.
ARGENTINE REPUBLIC.

To Rio de la. Plata.

1825. Jno., Id., aft. vise. Ponsonby, env.

ext. and min. plcn. Dec. 24, G.
1828. Hy. Stephen Fox, min. plen. April

18, G.

1832. Hamilton Chas. Jas. Hamilton, min.

plen. June 1.
1835. Jno. Hy. Mandcville, min. plen.

Sept." 23.

To THE Argentine Cohipederation.

1844. Wm. Gore Ouseley, aft. sir \V.,min.
plen. Dec. 13.

1847. John Hobart, lord Howden, sp.

miss. Jan. 2.5.

1848. Hy. Southern, min. plen. May 31.
1851. Capt. hon. Robt. Gore, r.n., ch.

d'a. Aug. 29.

1852. Sir Chas. Hotham, sp. miss. April

17.
1854. Wm. Dougal Christie, ch. d'a.,

Oct. 10; min. plen., .Tan. 15,

1856.
1859. Edwd. Thornton, aft. sir E., min.

plen. Sept. 9.

To the Abgentine Republic.

1865. Hon. Rd. Edwardes, min. plen.

Aug. 10 ; did not proceed.

1866. Geo. Buckley Mathew, c.n., att. sir

G., min. plen. April 13.

1867. Wm. Lowther, aft. hon. W., min.

plen. Sept. 26.

1868. Hon. Wm. Stuart, min. plen. Jan.

11.
1872. Hon. Lionel Sackville Sackville-
West, aft. sir L., env. ext. and
min. plen. Sept. 17.

1878. Fras. Clare Ford, c.b., c.m.g.,

aft. sir F., env. ext. and min.
plen. Feb. 9.

1879. Sir Horace Rumbold, bt., env. ext.

and min. plen. Aug. 15.
1881. Geo. Glynn Petre, env. ext. and min.
plen. Apr. 1.

1884. Hon. Ednid. Jno. Monson, env. ext.

and min. plen. Jan. 16.

1885. Hon. Fras. Jno. Pakcnham, env.

ext. and min. plen. Feb. 1.
/iff/., /il-,.t'.a-^ Ay. 1^*, *«nJv/!>. f,i-

TO PARAGUAY.

1852. Sir Chas. Hotham, sp. miss. April

17.
1854. Chas. Alan Henderson, consul.

Apr. 24.
1858. Wm. Dougal Christie, sp. miss.

Dipl. rel. susp. from Aug. 5,

1859.
1863. Edwd. Thornton, aft. sir E., min.

plen. Oct. 30.

1866. Geo. Buckley 3Iathew, aft. sir G.,

min. plen. Dec. 6.
1868. Hon. Wm. Stuart, min. plcn. June

22 ; did not proceed.
1882. Geo. Glynn Petre, min. jilen.

ilar. 2.'

1884. Hon. Edmd. Jno. Monson, <.ii.,

min. plen. Jan. 16.

1885. Hon. Fras. Jno. Pakenham, uiin.

plcn. Feb. 1.

TO URUGUAY.

1843. AdolphuH Turner, ch. d'a. and C.G. i 1847. John Hobart, lord llowdon, sp. miss.

April 11. Jan. 25.

1847. Wm. Gore Ouseley, aft. sir Wm., — Capt. hon. Robt. Gore, u.N.. ch.

min. plen. and sp. miss. Jan. 2. | d'a. Oct. 26, G.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

137

1851. Hon. Fredk. Wm. Adolphus Bruce,

aft. sir F., ch. d'a. and C.G.
Aug. 29.

1852. Sir Chas. Hotham, sp. miss. Apr. 17.

1853. Geo. Jno. Robt. Gordon, ch. d'a.

and C.G. Sept. 23.

1854. Edwd. Thornton, aft. sir E., ch.

d'a. and C.G. Sept. 19.
1859. Wm. Garrow Lettsom, ch. d'a. and
C.G. Sept. 9.

1869. Hon. Wm. Stuart, ch. d'a., Sept.

24.
Dipl. rel. susp., Nov. 13, 1871.
1879. Fras. Clare Ford, c.b. and c.m.g.,

aft. sir C, min. plen. and C.G.

Feb. 24.
1879. Hon. Edmd. Jno. Monson, C.B.,

min. res. and C.G. June 21.
1884. Wm. Gifford Palgrave, min. res.

and C.G. Jan. 16.
IC^S l-ikzi-: '}r.,a>e^ ScLU\r, c. /"(.(J

TO CHILI.

1841. Col. hon. Jno. Walpole, ch. d'a.
May 24.

1849. Stephen Hy. Sulivan. ch. d'a. and

C.G. May 30.
1853. Capt. hon. Edwd. Alfred Jno.

Harris, aft. adm. sir E.,ch. d'a.
. and C.G. Jan. 17.

1858. Wm. Taylour Thomson, aft. sir W..

ch. d'a. and C.G. Feb. 24.
1872. Horace Rumbold, aft. sir H., min.

res. and C.G. Oct. 24.
1878. Hon. Fras. Jno. Pakenham, min.

res. and C. G. Mar. 8.
1885. Hugh Eraser, min. res. and C.G.

Feb. 17. Transf. to Japan 1888.

TO THE HAWAIIAN OR SANDWICH ISLANDS.

1866. Maj. Jas. Hay Wodehouse, commr. and C.G. , June 21.

138

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

PART 111. POLITICAL AND OFFICIAL.

GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS, OFFICERS OF STATE,
OFFICERS OF THE HOUSEHOLD, &c.

THE ADMINISTRATIONS OF ENGLAND, GREAT
BRITAIN, AND THE UNITED KINGDOM.

The higher officers of the Government, holding their offices during the
sovereiOT's pleasure, and removable on political change, are collectively
called " the Administration," and are almost invariably members of one
or other house of parliament. A select number of these, filling the
most important offices, who assemble to concert on and conduct the
measures of the Government, are now called the Cabinet, a name not
known to the constitution, but which is, in fact, a committee of the
privv council, who constitute the responsible advisers of the Crown.
The'following lists are confined to cabinet ministers, or to those who m
former times exercised analogous powers.

Administbations of

From the Accession of Kinp

KnfG Hen-kt ATQ.
1509. Wm. Warham, abp. of Canterbury,
Id. chanc. : Thos. Howard, E. of
Snrrey. aft. D. of Norfolk, Id.
treas. : Richd. Fox, bp. of Win-
chester, former sec. to Henry
VU., pr. seal : Geo., E. of Shrews-
bury, Id. stewd. : Chas. , lord Her-
bert, Id. chambn. ; John Fisher,
bp. of Rochester and cardinal.

153:2

1514. Thos. Wolsey, abp. of York and
cardinal. Id. chanc. ; Thos. D. of
Norfolk, Id. treas. ; Chas., E. of
Winchester, Id. chamb. ; Thos.
Routhal, bp. of Durham, sec. st.
(made pr. seal), &c. The D.
of Norfolk aft. res. in favour of
his son.

1523. Thos., E. of Surrey. Id. h. treas. ;
Cuthbert Tunstall. bp. of London,
pr. seal ; Richd. Pace, succ. by
Dr. Knight, sec. st.

1529. Sir Thos. More, Id. chanc. ; Thos.
Howard, D. of Norfolk, Id. h.

1540.

I 1544

England.

Henr,, VIIJ.

treas. ; Cuthbert Tunstall, bp.
of London, pr. seal : Stephen
Gardiner, aft. bp. of Winchester,
sec. St. : Thos. Cramner, aft.
abp. of Canterbury, &c.
Sir Thos. Audley. aft. Id. Audley,
Id. kpr. : Thos. Boleyn, E. of
Wiltshire, pr. seal : Thos Crom-
well, aft. E. of Esses, Thos.
Cranmer. aft. abp. of Canterbury,
&c.
Thos., Id. Audlev, Id. chanc, Thos.,
D. of Norfolk^ Id. h. treas. Chas.,
D. of Suffolk, Id. pres. : Hy., E.
of Surrey, bp. Gardiner. Id.
Russell. Ac. Sir Thos, aft. Id.
Wriothesley, and sir Ralph Sadler,
sees. St.
Thos., Id. Wriothesley, Id. chanc.

Thos. D. of Norfolk, Id. treas. ;

Chas.. I), of Suffolk, Id. pres.;

John. Id. Russell, pr. seal ; Wm.,

Id. .St. John. John. Id. Lisle.

sir Anthv. Brown, &c. Sir Wm.

Petre and sir Wm. Paget, sees.

St.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

139

King Edavard VI.

1547. Win., Id. St. John, Id. kpr. and Id.
pros.. Slice, by Rd.. Id. Rich, as
Id. chanc. ; Edwd., E. of Hertford,
Id. protector, cr. D. of Somerset,
and made Id. treas. ; John, Id.
Russell, pr. seal; Hy., E. of Arun-
del. Id. chambn. : Thos., Id. Sey-
mour, sir Anth. Brown, &c.
Sir Wm. Paget and sir Wm. Petre,
sees. st.

1551. Thos. Goodrich, bp. of Ely, Id. kpr.,
aft. Id. chanc. : John Dudley, late
Id. Lisle, E. of Warwick, cr. D.
of Northumberland. Id. h. adm. ;
Wm., late Id St. John, now E.
of Wiltshire, Id. treas. in l.")50,
pres. of the council ; John, E. of
Bedford, pr. seal : Thos., Id.
Wentworth, Id. chambn., &c. Sir
Wm. Petre and Sir Wm. Cecil,

QuEEX Mart.
1554. Stephen Gardiner, bp. of Winchester,
Id. chanc. ; Wm., M. of Win-
chester, late Id. Wiltshire, Id.
treas. ; E. of Arundel, Id. pres. ;
.John. E. of Bedford, succ. by
Edwd., E. of Derby, pr. seal:
Wm.. Id. Howard. Id. h. adm. ;
sir Edw. Hastings, sir John
Baker, Edmd. Bonner, bp. of
London, &c. Sir Wm. Petre, sir
John Cheke, and sir John Bourne,
sees. St.
It appears by the council Register,
folio 725, that three secretaries of
state were appointed 7 Edward
VI., June 2, 1553.

Queen Elizabeth.

1558. Sir Nicholas Bacon, Id. kpr. andpr.
seal : Wm. , M. of Winchester, Id.
treas. ; Edw.. Id. Clinton, Id.
adm. ; sir Robt. Dudley, aft. E.
of Leicester. Id. Howard of Effing-
ham, Id. Arundel,sir Fras.Knollys,
&c. Sir Wm. Cecil, sec. st. This
last statesman, aft. Id. Burleigh,
continued secretary or chief min-
ister during almost the whole of
this reign.

1572. Sir Wm. Cecil, now Id. Burleigh,
Id. h. treas. ; sir Nichs. Bacon,
Id. chanc. ; Id. Howard of Ef-
fingham, pr. seal ; Robt. Dudley,
E. of Leicester, m. horse ; sir Hy.
Cocks, the E. of Sussex, &c. Sir
Francis Walsingham, sec. st.

1579. Sir Thos. Bromley. Id. chanc. ; Wm.
Id. Burleigh, Id. treas. ; Edw.,E.
of Lincoln, Id. h. adm. : Ambrose, '

E. of Warwick, ordnance ; Thos.,
E. of Sussex, Robt., E. of Lei-
cester, sir Walter Mildmaj', Jas.
Windebank, &c. Sir Fras. Wal-
singham and sir Thos. Wilson,
sees. St.

1587. Sir Christ. Ilatton, Id. chanc. ;Wm.,
Id. Burleigh, Id. treas. ; Robt.
Dovereux, E. of Essex, &c.

15t)9. Thos. Sackville, Id. Buckhurst, aft.
E. of Dorset, Id. h. treas. ; sir
Thos. Egerton, aft. Id. Ellesmere
and subsequently vise. Brackley,
Id. kpr. ; Chas., Id. Howard of
Effingham, &c. Sir Robt. Cecil,
son of lord Burleigh, sec. st.

King James I.

160;'.. Thos.. E. of Dorset, Id. treas. ;
Thos., Id. Ellesmere, Id. chanc. ;
Chas.. E. of Nottingham. Id.
adm. : Thos. , E. of Suffolk, Edwd.,
E. of Worcester, sir Rd. Vernon,
Geo., Id. Hume of Berwick, Jas.
Hay, Id. Hay. &c. Robt. Cecil,
aft. E. of Salisbury, sec. st.

lGOi». Robt. Cecil. E. of Salisbury, Id. h.
treas. : Thos., Id. Ellesmere, Id.
chanc. ; Hy., E. of Northampton,
pr. seal; Chas., E. of Notting-
ham, Thos., E. of Suffolk, &c.

1G12. Hy., E. of Northampton, first commr.
'of the treas. : Thos., Id. Elles-
mere. Id. chanc. : Robt. Carr,
vise. Rochester, aft. E. of Somer-
set, Id. chambn.; Edwd., E. of
Worcester, sir Ralph Winwood,
Chas.. E. of Nottingham, &c.

1615. Thos., E. of Suffolk, Id. treas. ;
Thos., Id. Ellesmere, Id. chanc. ;
Edwd. . E. of Worcester, pr. seal ;
Chas., E. of Nottingham, sir Geo.
Villiers. aft. vise. Villiers, and
successively E. , M., and D. of
Buckingham. Id. h. adm. in 1G19 ;
sir Ralph Winwood, sir Thos.
Lake, &c.

1620. Sir Hy. Montagu, aft. vise. Mande-

ville, and E. of Manchester, Id.
treas.

1621. Lionel, Id. Cranfield, aft. E. of

Middlesex, Edwd., E. of Worces-
ter, John, E. of Bristol, John
WiUiams, dean of Westminster,
Geo. Villiers, now M. of Bucking-
ham, sir Edwd. Conway, aft. Id.
Conway, &c.

King Charles I.

1628. Rd., Id. Weston, aft. E. of Port-
land, Id. treas. ; sir Thos. Co-
ventry, aft. Id. Coventry, Id.
kpr. ; Hy., E. of Manchester

140

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

(succ. by Jas., E. of Marlborough,
who, in turn, gave place to Edwd.,
Id., aft. vise. Conway), pr. seal;
Wm. Laud, bp. of London, sir
Albertus Morton, &c. |

1636. "Wm. Laud, now a])p. of Canterbury, ;
first commr. of the treas. ; Frs.,
Id. Cottington, Jas., M. of Hamil-
ton, Edwd., E. of Dorset, sir
John Coke, sir Eras. Winde-
bank, &c. The gieat seal in
commission.

1640. Wm. Juxon, bp. of London. Id.
treas. ; sir John Finch, aft. Id.
Finch, Id. kpr. ; Fras., Id.
Cottington, Wentworth, E. of
Strafford, Algernon, E. of North-
umberland, Jas., M. of Hamilton,
Laud, abp. of Canterbury; and
sir Fras. Windebank and sir Hy.
Vane, sees. st.

Commonwealth.

1653. Oliver Cromwell, made protector.
He named a council whose num-
ber at no time was to exceed
twenty-one members, nor be less
than thirteen.

1658. Rd. Cromwell, son of Oliver, succ.
on the death of the latter. A
council of ofKcers ruled at Wal-
lingford House.

King Charles II.
From the Jientoration of the King.

Until this time there was not, in
point ui fact, anything that could
be properly called a cabinet.
The sovereign had latterly go-
verned by a collection of privy
councillors, sometimes of larger,
sometimes of smaller number, not
always holding the same oflBces,
and still less the same men.

1060. Sir Edwd. Hyde, aft. E. of Claren-
don, Id. chanc. ; Geo. Monk,
general of the king's forces
in the three kingdoms, and m.
horse, cr. D. of Albemarle ;
Thos. , E. of Southampton, soon
made Id. treas. ; Edwd. Mon-
tagu, cr. E. of Sandwich, general
and adm. ; Jas., D. of York,
brother to the king, Id. h. adm. ;
lord Sey and Sele, i)r. seal ; sir
Robt. Long, ch. ex. ; E. of Man-
chester, lord Seymour, &c. Sir
Edwd. Nicholas and sir Wm.
Morrice, sees. st.

1607. Geo. Monk, D. of Albemarle, made
first comnir. of the treas. , &c.

1070. " The Cahal" Ministrv. Sir Thos.
Clifford, aft. Id. ClitTord (C) ;
Antliy. Ashley, aft. E. of Shaftes-

bury' (A); Geo. Villiers, D. of
Buckingham (B) ; Hy., Id. Ar-
lington, aft. E. of Arlington (A) ;
and John, D. of Lauderdale
(L). This Ministry obtained the
name of Cnlntl from the initial
letters of their tive names, which
composed the word. At the time
that this appellation had gene-
rally obtained, about 1672, Id.
Clifford held the office of Id.
treas. : Id. Ashley had become
Id. chanc. ; the D. of Buckingham
was Id. pres. ; Id. Arlington,
sec. St. ; and the D. of Lauder-
dale, Id. pres. of Scotland.

1672. Thos., Id. Clifford, Anthy., E. of

Shaftesbury, late Id. Ashley,
Hy.. E. of Arlington, E. of Angle-
sey, sir Thos. Osborne, cr. vise.
Latimer, Hy. Coventry, sir John
Duncombe, sir Geo. Carteret,
Edwd. Seymour. &c.

1673. Thos., vise'. Latimer, aft. E. of

Danby, made Id. h. treas. June 26.
167'.). Arthur,' E. of Essex, made first
commr. of the treas.. Mar. 26;
succ. by Laurence Hyde, aft. E.
of Rochester, Nov. 21, both in
this year. Robt. , E. of Sunder-
land, sec. St., vice sir Joseph
Williamson, «fcc.
The king nominated a now council
this year, on April 21, consisting
of thirty members only, of whom
the principal were the great offi-
cers of state and great officers of
the household.

1684. Sidney, Id. (iodolphin, Lawrence,

E. of Rochester. Danl., E. of
Nottingham, Robt., E. of Sunder-
land, sir Thos. Chicheley, Geo.,
Id. Dartmouth, Hy., E. of
Clarendon, EE. of Bath and
Radnor, &c.

King James II.

1685. Lawrence, E. of Rochester, Geo.,

^I. of Halifax, sir Geo. Jeffreys,
aft. lord Jeffreys and Id. chanc,
Hy. . E. of Clarendon, sir John
Ernley, D. of Queensberry, vise.
Preston. »S:c.
1687. The E. of Rochester was di.splaced,
and John, Id. Belasyse, made
j first commr. of the treas. in his

I room. Jan. 4 ; the E. of Sunder-

land made pres. of the council ;
I vise. Preston, sec. st.; and various

other changes took place in this
and the following year.
1 1088. The king left Whitehall in the night
I of Dec. 17, and, quitting the

kingdom, landed at Ambleteuse.
in France. Doc. 23.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

141

King William III.

1689. Chas., vise. Mordaunt, first commr.

of the treas. ; Thos. Osborne, E.
of Danby, cr. M. of Carmarthen,
aft. D. of Leeds, Id. pres. ; Geo.,
M. of Halifax, pr. seal; Arthur
Herbert, aft. lord Torrington,
first commr. of the admy. ; EE.
of Shrewsbury, Nottingham, and
Sunderland, E. of Dorset and
Middlesex, Wm., E., aft. D. of
Devonshire, Id. Godolphin, Id.
Montagu, Id. De la Mere, &c.
The great seal in commission.

1690. Sidney, Id. Godolphin, first commr.

of the treas. ; Thos., E. of Danby,
Id. pres. : Rd. Hampden, ch. ex. ;
Thos., E. of Pembroke, adm. ;
Hy., vise. Sydney, and Daniel,
E. of Nottingham, sees. st. , &c.
The great seal and pr. seal in
commission.
1698. Chas. Montagu, aft. Id. Halifax,
first commr. of the treas.. May
1 ; succ. by Ford, E. of Tanker-
ville, Nov. 15. 169i».

Queen Anne.
The formation of a ministry under a

"Premier " began about this time.
1702. Sidney, loed, aft. E. Godolphin,
Id. treas. ; Thos., E. of Pembroke
and Montgomery, Id. pres. ; John
Sheffield, M. of Normanby, aft.
D. of Normanby and Buckingham,
pr. seal ; hon. Hy. Boyle, ch. ex ;
sir Chas. Hedges and the E. of
Nottingham (the latter succ. by
Robt. Harley, cr. E. of Oxford in
1704). sees. 'st., &e.

1711. Robt., E. of Oxford, Id. treas.;
sir Simon, aft. lord Harcourt, Id.
kpr. ; John, D. of Normanby and
Buckingham, Id. pres. ; John, bp.
of Bristol, aft. of London, pr.
seal ; Hy. St. John, aft. vise.
Bolingbroke, andWm., lord Dart-
mouth, sees. St. ; Robt. Benson,
aft. Id. Bingley, ch. ex., &c.

1714. Chas., D. of Shrewsbury, Id. treas.,
July 30, two days before the
queen's death. Patent revoked
Oct. 13 following.

King Geokge I.
1714. Chas., E. of Halifax, first Id.
treas., succ. on his death by the
E. OF Carlisle ; Wm. , Id. Cowper,
aft. E. Cowper, Id. chane. ; Danl.,
E. of Nottingham, Id. pres. ;
Thos. , M. of Wharton, pr. seal ;

Edwd.,E.of Oxford, first Id. admy.;
Jas. Stanhope, aft. E. Stanhope,
and Chas., vise. Townsliend, sees.
St. ; sir Rd. Onslow, ch. ex.,
DD. of Montrose & Marlborough,
lord Berkeley, Robt. Walpole,
Wm. Pulteney, aft. E. of Bath, &c.
1715, Rout. Walpole, first Id. treas. and
ch. ex.. &c.

1717. Jas. Stanhope, aft. E. Stanhope,

first Id. treas. and ch. ex. ; Wm. ,
Id. Cowper, Chas., E. of Sunder-
land. D. of Kingston, Id. Berke-
ley, Joseph Addison. &e.

1718. Chas.. E. of Sunderland, first Id.

treas; Thos., Id. Parker, aft. E.
of Macclesfield, Id. chanc. ; E.
Stanhope, D. of Kent, Id. Ber-
keley, Jas. Craggs, Jno. Aislabie,
&c.
1721. Robt. Walpole, aft. sir Robt., first
Id. treas. and ch. ex. : Thos., Id.
Parker, cr. E. of Macclesfield, Id.
chanc.; Hy., Id. Carleton, succ.
by Wm., D. of Devonshire, Id.
pres. ; Evelyn, D. of Kingston,
succ. by Id. Trevor, pr. seal ;
Jas.,E. of Berkeley, first Id. adm.;
Chas., vise. Townshend, and John,
lord Carteret (the latter suec. by
the D. of Newcastle), sees. st. ;
John, D. of Marlborough, suec.
by the E. of Cadogan, ordnance ;
Geo. Treby, succ. byHy. Pelham,
sec.-at-war; vise. Torrington, &c.

King George II.

1727. Sir Robt. Walpole, &c. cnntd.

The following was the state of the
Cabinet near the close of sir Robt.
Walpole's long administration.

1740. Sir Robt. Walpole, first Id. treas.
and ch. ex. ; Philip, Id. Hard-
wieke. Id. chanc; Spencer, E. of
Wilmington, Id. jires. ; John, Id.
Hervey, pr. seal ; John Potter,
abp. of Canterbury ; D. of New-
castle and E. of Harrington,
sees. .St.; sir Chas. Wager, first
Id. admy.; D. of Dorset, Id.
stewd. t; D. of Grafton. Id.
chambn.t ; D. of Richmond, m.
horse f ; E. of Pembroke, gr.
stole,! &e.
t These great household officers were
at this period always in what was
called the Cabinet, but there was
an interior council, of Walpole,
the chancellor, and the secretaries
of state, who, in the first instance,
consulted together on the more
confidential points.*

* Lord Hervey s Memoirs of the Reign of Georr/e II. edited hy John Wihon
Croker.— Mr. Croker adds, "The duke of Bolton, without a right to it from his office

142

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1742. Sir Robt. Walpole res. Feb. 8, having j
been first minister twent3'-one con- '
secutive years. He was cr. E. of
Orford. vise. Walpole, and baron |
Houghton. The E. of Wilmington i
was made minister in his room. |

1742. Sl'ENCKB,E. OF WlL.MIN<;TON, first Id.

Feb. treas. ; Id. Hardwieke, Id. chanc;
Saml. Sandys, ch. ex.; E. of Har-
rington, pres. of the council ; E.
Gower, pr. seal ; Id. Carteret
and the D. of Newcastle, sees.
St. ; E. of Winchilsea, first Id.
admy. ; D. of Argyll, com. of the
forces and m. g. ordn. ; Hy. Pel-
ham, paym. of the foi'ees, &c.
The D. of Argyll res., and was succ.
by the E. of Stair, as com. of the
forces, and by the D. of Montagu
as m. g. ordn.

1743. Hy. Pklham, first Id. treas. and ch.
Aug. 2.5. es..,rice Sj^encer, E. of Wilming-
ton, deceased.

1744. The '* Broau Bottom " Administra-
Nov. tion : Hy. Pelham, first Id. treas.

and ch. ex. ; Id. Hardwieke, Id.
chanc; D. of Dorset, pres. of the
council ; E. Gower, pr. seal ; D.
of Newcastle, sec. st. for the
Southern, and the E. of Harring-
ton for the Northern dept. : D. of
Montagu, m. g. ordn. ; D. of
Bedford, first Id. adm. ; D. of
Argyll, kpr. of the gr. seal of
Scotland ; M. of Tweeddale, sec.
St. for Scotland ; D. of Grafton,
Id. chambn. ; D. of Richmond, m.
horse.

1740. Mr. Pelham and his friends having
tendered their resignation to the
king, the formation of a new ad-
ministration, which expired within
two days while yet incomplete,
was undertaken by the E. of
Bath ; the members of it actually
appointed, and submitted for
approval to his majesty were : —

1746. The "Short-lived" Ministry:

Feb. 10 Wm., E. ok Bath, first Id. treas. ;
to Id. Carlisle, pr. seal ; Id. Winchil-

Feb. 12. sea, first Id. admy. ; and Id.

Granville, sec. st. Expired Feb.
12.
1746. Hy. Pelham returned, with his col-
Fob. 12. leagues, to power.

The D. of Bedford res. the admy. to
the E. of Sandwich, and succ.
the E. of Chesterfield as sec. st.,
Feb. 1748 ; and the E. of Holder-
nesse succ. the D. of Bedford,
June 17.Jl, in the same office.
Mr. Pelham (/. Mar. G, 17.J4.
1754. Tuos. HoLLES Pelham, D. of New-
Apr. CASTLE, first Id. treas. ; lion. Hy.
Bilson Legge, ch. ex.; E. of Hol-
dernesse and sir Thos. Robinson,
aft. Id. Grantham, sees. st. ;
the latter succ. by Hy. Fox ; Id.
Anson, first Id. admy.; Id. Gran-
ville, Id. pres.; Id. Gower, succ.
by the D. of Marlborough, pr.
seal ; D. of Grafton, E. of Halifax,
Geo. Grenville, &c. E. of Hard-
wieke, Id. chanc.

1756. Wm., D. of Devonshire, first Id.
Nov. treas.; Wm. Pitt, sec. st. for the

Southern dept.; hon. Hy. Bilson
Legge, ch. ex.; E. Granville. Id.
pres.; E. Gower, pr. seal; E. of
Holdernesse, sec. st. for the
Northern dept.; Geo. Grenville, E.
of Halifax, DD. of Rutland and
Grafton, E. of Rochford, &c. The
gr. seal in commission.

1757. D. OF Newcastle and Wm. Pitt's
June. Administration. Thos. Holies

Pelham, D. of Newcastle, first Id.
treas.; Wm. Pitt, aft. Id. Chat-
ham, sec. st. for the Northern
dept., and leader of the liouse of
commons ; Id. Henley, Id. kpr.;
Id. Granville, Id. pres.; E. Temple,
pr. seal ; Hy Bilson Legge, ch.
ex. ; E. of lloldernesse, sec. st.
for the Southern dept.; D. <>f
Devonshire, Id. chambn.; D. of
Rutland, Id. stewd. ; Id. Anson,
first Id. admy.; D.of Marlborough,
succ. by lord Ligonier, m. g.
ordn. ; Hy. Fox, aft. Id. Hol-
land, paym. ; Geo. {irenville,
lords Halifax and Gower, .las.
Grenville, &c.

King George III.

1760. D. OP Newcastle and Wm. Pitt's ' of George III.: sir Robt. Henley,

ministry, rontd. cr. lord Henley, Id. chanc, Jan.

The following were among the 1761 ; the E. of Bute, sec st.,

changes subsequent to the ace. | nee the E. of Holdernesse, Mar.;

of captain of the Band of Pensioners, in which employment ho succeeded the duke of
Montagu on liis removal to the ordnance, was likewise admitted to the cabinet council,
because he had been of the cabinet seven years previously, at the time ho was turned
out of all his offices." And he further saj's, "Sir John Norris (vice-admiral of Eng-
land) was called in, as an auxiliary, when anything was under deliberation in relation
to our then maritime war with Spain."

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

143

1765.
July.
et seq.

and the E. of Egremont, rzceWm.

Pitt, Oct same year ; Id. North,

a Id. of the treas., &c.
1762. John, E. of Bute, first Id. treas. ;
May. Id. Henley, Id. chanc. ; sir Eras.

Dashwood, aft. Id. le Despencer,

ch. ex. ; Id. Granville, Id. pres.;

D. of Bedford, pr. seal ; E. of
Halifax, first Id. admy. ; E. of
Egremont and Geo. Grenville, sees.
St. ; Id. Ligonier, ordn. ; Hy.
Fox, paym. ; vise. Barrington,
Id. Sandys, D. of Marlborough,
lords Huntingdon and North, &c.

1763 Geo. Grenville, first Id. treas.

May. and ch. ex. ; E. Granville, succ.

et seq. by John, D. of Bedford, Id.
pres. ; D. of Marlborough, pr.
seal ; Id. Henley, aft. E. of
Xorthington, Id. chanc. ; EE. of
Halifax and Sandwich, sees. st. :

E. Gower, Id. chambn. ; Id. Eg-
mont, first Id. admy. ; M. of
Granby, ordn. ; Id. Holland, late
Mr. Fox, paym. ; Welbore Ellis,
sec.-at-war ; Id. Hillsborough,
first Id. of trade ; D. of Rutland,
lord North, &c.

Chas., M. of Rockingham, first
Id. treas ; Wm. Dowdeswell, ch.
ex. ; E. of Winchilsea and Not-
tingham, Id. pres. ; D. of New-
castle, pr. seal ; D. of Portland,
Id. chamb. ; D. of Rutland, m.
horse ; Id. Talbot, Id. stewd. ;
gen. the hon. H. SejTnour Conway,
and the D. of Grafton, sees, st.; Id.
Egmont, first Id. admy. ; ]M. of
Granby, ordn. ; vise. Barrington,
sec.-at-war; vise. Howe, treas. of
the navy; hon. Chas. Townshend,
pajTB. ; E. of Dartmouth, first
Id. of trade ; Id. John Caven-
dish, Thos. Townshend, &c. E.
of Noi-thington (Inte Lord Hen-
lev), Id. chanc.

1766. E. of Chatham (late Wm. Pitt),
Aug. first min. and pr. seal ; D. of

Grafton, first Id. tieas. ; hon.
Chas. Townshend, ch. ex. ; E. of
Northington, Id. pres ; Wm. E.
of Shelburne and gen. Conway,
sees. St. ; sir Chas. Saunders,
succ. by Sir Edw. Hawke, first
Id. admy. ; M. of Granby, ordn. ;
Id. Hillsborough, first Id. of
trade; lord Barrington, sec.-at-
war; Fredk.,lord North, a joint
pajTH. ; vise. Howe, &c. Lord
Camden, Id. chanc.

1767. Wm., lord Mansfield, Id. c. j. of

the king's bench, became, ex
officio, ch. ex., pro. tern., on the
death of Mr. Townshend, Sept.
this year ; and Fredk., lord

North, was app. ch. ex. Dec.
following.

1767. Aug. Ht., D. of Grafton, first Id.
Dec. treas.; Fredk., Id. North, ch. ex. ;

E. Gower, Id. pres. ; E. of
Chatham, Id. pr. seal until Oct.
1768, then succ. by the E. of
Bristol ; E. of Shelburne, sec.
st. for the Southern dept. ; vise.
Weymouth, Northern dept. ; and
Id. Hillsborough, colonies ; sir
Edwd. Hawke, first Id. admy. ; M.
of Granby, ordn. ; lords Sand-
wich and le Despencer, joint
postm. gen. ; Lord Hertford,
Thos. Townshend, &c. Lord
Camden, Id. chanc.

1768. Vise. Weymouth, sec. st. for the
Nov. Southern dept., vice lord Shel-
burne ; E. of Rochford, sec. st.
for the Northei-n dept. , i;?ce lord
Weymouth.

1770. Fredk., lord North, first Id.

Jan. treas. and ch. ex. ; E. Gower,
Id. pres. ; E. of Halifax, pr. seal ;
Id. Rochford, Id. Weymouth
(succ. by Id. Sandwich), and
Id. Hillsborough (colonies), sees.
St. ; Sir Edwd. Hawke, first Id.
admy. ; Id. Granby, ordn. ; sir
Gilbert Elliot, treas. of the navy ;
lord Barrington, sec.-at-war; lord
Hertford, lord Carteret, &c. The
great seal was delivered to Mr. At-
torney-gen. Yorke, who was made
Id. chanc. ; but before the patent
for his peerage, under the title of
lord Morden, was completed, he
died suddenly, and the seal, after
being a year in commission, was
given to the hon. Henry Bathurst,
one of the commrs., who was or.
lord Apsley.
Lord North continued minister
eleven years, during the whole
of the American war. The
changes within this period were
numerous ; among them were :

1771. Lord Halifax, sec. st., ince Id.

Sandwich, who went to the ad-
miralty ; succ. as Id. pr. seal by
the E.of Suffolk and Berkshire. Jan.
The latter gave place to the D. of
Grafton, and became sec. st. June.

1772. Lord Dartmouth, sec. st., i-tce Id.

Hillsborovigh. Aug. Vise. Towns-
hend, ordn, vice M. of Granby.
Oct.
1775. Vise. Weymouth, again sec. st., vice
Rochford ; and Id. Geo. Sack-
ville Germaine, I'ice Dartmouth,
made pr. seal. Nov.

1778. Lord Thurlow, Id. chanc. June.

1779. Lords Stormont and Hillsborough

sees. st.E. Bathurst, Id. pres. Nov.

144

1782
Mar.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES

Cha8., M. of Rockingham, first Id.
trcas. ; Id. John Cavendish, ch.
ex. ; Id. Camden, pres. of the
council ; D. of Grafton, pr. .seal ;
Wm., E. of Shelburne, and Chas.
Ja-s. Fox, sees. st. ; Augs. Keppel,
first Id. admy. ; D. of Richmond,
ordn. ; Thos. Townshend, sec.-at-
■war; Isaac Barre, treas. of the
navy; Edm. Burke, paym., &c.
Li.rd Thurlow, Id. chanc. i

The death of the INI. of Rock-
ingham (July 2, 1782) led to j
the administration of lord Shel- i
burne, who accepted the oftice of |
first minister, -without the privity |
of his colleagues, and Mr. Fox, ,
lord John Cavendish, and others, ;
resigned. |

1782. Wm. . E. of Shelbukne, aft. M. of
Jtdy. Lansdowne, first Id treas. ; Wm.

Pitt, ch. ex. ; Id., aft. E. Cam-
den, pres. of the council ; D. of
Grafton, pr. seal ; Thos., Id.
Grantham, home, and Thos.
Townshend, foreign, sees.; Aug.,
vise. Keppel, first Id. admy. ; D.
of Richmond, ordn. ; Hy. Dundas,
treas. of the navy ; Isaac Barr(5,
paym. ; Sir. Geo. Yonge, scc.-at-
war; &c. Lord Thurlow, Id chanc.
chanc.

1783. "■THE Coalition" Ministry, so
Apr. called from the coalition of Ld.

North and Mr. Fox, who had,
for years previously, opposed and
even abused each other. D. of
Portland, first Id. treas. ; vise.
Stormont, pres. of the council;
E. of Carlisle, pr. seal ; Fredk.,
Id. North, and Chas. Jas. Fox,
home and foreign sees. ; Id. John
Cavendish, ch. ex. ; vise. Keppel,
first Id. admy. ; vise. Townshend,
ordn. ; Chas. Townshend, treas. of
the navy ; Edm. Burke paym. ; R.
Fitzpatrick, sec. -at war; &c. The
great seal in commission ; lord
Loughborough, c. j. of the com-
mon pleas, first commr.

1783. Wm. Pitt, first Id. treas. and ch.

Dec. ex. ; E. Gower, pres. of the coun-
cil; D. of Rutland, pr. seal ; M.
of Carmarthen, and E. Temple,
(the latter immediately succ. by
lord Sydney), sees. st. ; D. of
Richmond, ordn. ; vise. Howe,

first Id. admy. ; Id. Mulgrave and
Wm. Wyndham Grenville, aft. Id.
Grenville. joint-paym. ; Hy. Dun-
das, &c. Lord Thurlow,ld. chanc.
During Mr. Pitt's long adminis-
tration numerous changes in the
ministrv took place : among
the.se were: EE. Camden, Fitz-
william, Mansfield, and Chatham,
Buccessivelv pres. of the council ;
M. of Stafford, and EE. of Chat-
ham, Spencer, and Westmore-
land, pr. .seal; E. of Chatham
and E. Spencer, first Ids. admy.
and Mr. Grenville, aft. lord
Grenville, ^Ir. Dundas, and D. of
Portland, sees, at.- ; (fee. Mr. Pitt
res. in 1801.
1801. Ht. Addington, first Id. treas. and
Mar. ch. ex. ; D. of Portland, pres.
et sea. of the council ; E. of Westmore-
land, pr. seal; lord Pelham,
home, lord Hawkesbury, foreign,
and lord Hobart, colonial sees. ;E.
St. Vincent, first Id. admy. : E. of
Chatham, ordn. ; Chas. Yorke,
sec.-at-war; vise. Lewisham, India
Board : lord Auckland, bd. tr. ;
&c. Lord Eldon Id. chanc.
Changes: vise. Castlereagh, India
board; Sept. 1802; Chas. Yorke,
home sec. July 1803.
Wai. Pitt, first Id. treas. ; D. of
Portland (succ. by lord Sidmouth,
late Mr. Addington, Jan. 180.5),
pres. of the council ; E. of
Westmoreland, pr. seal ; Id.
Hawkesburj-. home sec. ; Id.
Harrowby (succ. by Id. JIul-
grave), for. sec. : and E. Camden
(succ. by vise. Castlereagh), col.
sec. ; vise. Melville (succ. by Id.
Barham), first Id. admy. ; D. of
Montrose, bd. tr. : Id. Mul-
grave, duchy of Lane. ; Mr.
Dundas, Geo. "Camiing, &c. Lord
Eldon. Id. chanc.
The death of Mr. Pitt, on Jan.
23, 1806, led to the formation of
another cabinet.
180(5. "All the Talents"* administra-
Feb tion : Wm. Wyndham, Lord
Grenville, first Id. of the
treas. : Id. Hy. Petty, eh.
ex. ; E. Fitzwilliam. pres. of
the council ; vise. Sidmouth, pr.
seal; Chas. Jas. Fox, for., E.

1804.
I May.
I et seq.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

145

Spencer, home, and Wm. Wind-
ham, war, sees. ; E. of Moira,
ordn. ; sir Chas. Grey, aft. vise.
Howick and E. Grey, first Id.
admy. ; Id. Minto, bd. of control ;
Id. Auckland, bd. of tr., &c. Lord
Erskine, Id. chanc. Lord Ellen-
borough, Id. c. j. of the K. B.,
had a seat in this cabinet.

1806. The death of Mr. Fox, on Sept. 13,

caused several changes : viz. :
vise. Sidmouth, pres. of the
council ; Id. Holland, pr. seal ;
Id. Howick, for. sec, vice Mr.
Fox; Thos. Grenville, first Id.
admy. ; Geo. Tierncy, bd. of con-
trol, &c.

1807. Wm. Hy. Cavendish, D. of Port-
Mar. LAND, first Id. treas. ; E. Camden,

Id. pres. of the Council ; E. of
Westmoreland, pr. seal ; hon.
Spencer Perceval, ch. ex. and
leader of the House of Commons ;
Id. Hawkesbnry, Geo. Canning,
and vise. Castlereagh, home, for., j
and col. sees. ; E. Bathurst, bd.
of tr. : Hy., Dundas, bd. of con-
trol; Id. Mulgrave, first Id. admy. ;

E. of Chatham, ordn., &c. Lord
Eldon, Id. chanc.
1809. A quarrel and duel on Sept. 22,
between Id. Castlereagh and Mr.
Canning (the latter wounded) led
to the retirement of both. This,
with the subsequent retirement
of the D. of Portland, who died
shortly after (Oct. 30, 1809) dis-
solved the administration, which,
after some negotiation with tbe
Whigs, was reconstituted under

1809. Spencer Perceval, first Id. treas.,
Nov. ch, ex., and ch. duch. Lane. ; E.

& Camden, pres. of the Council;

Dec. E. of Westmoreland, pr. seal ;
hon. Rd. Ryder, home. M. Wel-
lesley, for., and E. of Liverpool,
col. sees. ; lord Mulgrave, first
Id. admy. ; Hy. Dundas, bd. of
control ; E. Bathurst, bd. of
trade ; E. of Chatham, ordn. ;
vise. Palmerston, sec.-at-war, &c.
Lord Eldon, Id. chanc.

1810. Lord Mulgrave went to the ordn..
May. and was succ. at the admy. by

Chas. Yorke. Some subordinate
changes took place.

Regency of George, Prince of Wales.

1811. Spencer Perceval and his col-
Feb. leagues, continued.

The death of Mr. Perceval, who was
assassinated by a man named
Beilingham, in the lobby of the
House of Commons on May 11,
1812, led to several changes.
After much fruitless negotiation
■with the Whigs the former govt,
was reconstituted under the

1812. RoBT. Banks, E. of Liverpool,
May first Id. treas. ; E. of Harrowby,

& pres. of the council ; E. of West-

June, moreland, pr. seal; Nichs. Van-
sittart, ch. ex. ; E. of Mulgrave,
ordn. ; Id. Melville, first Id. admy. ;

vise. Sidmouth, vise. Castlereagh,
and E. Bathurst, home, for., and
col. sees.; E. of Buckinghamshii-e,
bd. of control; Marq. Camden,
Id. Palmerston, E. of Clancarty,
&c. Lord Eldon, Id. chanc.

1814. Among the changes that afterwards
to took place, were the following :

1819. Chas. Bragge Bathurst, ch. duch.
Lane, a cabinet minister, and W.
Wellesley Pole advanced to the
cabinet as m. mint, 1814. Geo.
Canning made pres. bd. control,
1816. Fredk. John Robinson,
pres. bd. tr., 1818; and the D.
of Wellington, m. g. ordn., 1819.

King George IV.

1820. E. of Liverpool and his colleagues,
Jan. continued. The cabinet at the
commencement of this reign was
constituted thus : E. of Liverpool,
first Id. treas. ; E. of Harrowby,
pres. of the council ; E. of West-
moreland, pr. seal ; Mr. Vansittart,
ch. ex. ; vise. Melville, first Id.
admy. ; D. of Wellington, ordn. ;
vise. Sidmouth, vise. Castlereagh,
and E. Bathurst, home, for., and
col. sees. ; Geo. Canning, bd. of
control ; Fredk. J. Robinson, bd.

tr. ; Chas. B. Bathurst, ch. duch.
Lane. ; W. Wellesley Pole, m.
mint ; E. of Mulgrave without
office. Lord Eldon, Id. chanc.
1822. Robt. Peel became home sec, Jan.,
and W. W. Wynn, pres. bd. tr.,
Feb. ; and, on the death of vise
Castlereagh, then M. of Lon-
donderry, Geo. Canning became
for. sec, Sept. Vise Sidmouth
continued a member of the
cabinet, without office. In 1823,
Wm. Huskisson united the board

10

146

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

of trade with the treasurership
of the navy ; and a few other
changes subsequently occurred.
1827. E. of LivKRi'ooL, continued. At
the close of lord Liverpool's long
administration, it consisted of the
following members ; E. of Liver-
pool, first Id. treas. ; Fredk. J.
Robinson, ch. ex. ; lords Harrowby
and Westmoreland, pres. of the
council and pr. seal ; Robt. Peel,
Geo. Canning, and E Bathurst,
sees. St. for the home, for., and
col. depts. ; lord Melville, first Id.
admy. ; D. of Wellington, ordn. ;
lord Bexley, late Mr. Vansittart,
duchy of Lane. ; Chas. W. W.
Wynn and Wm. Huskisson, bds.
of" control and trade ; Id. Sid-
mouth, without office, &c. Lord
Eldon, Id. chanc. Dissolved,
owing to lord Liverpool's illness,
April 1827.
1827. Geo. Caxking, first Id. treas. and
Apr. ch. ex. ; Id. Harrowby, pres. of

the council ; D. of Portland, pr.
seal ; Id. Dudley, vise. Goderich,
and Sturges Bourne, for., col.,
and home sees. ; C. W. W. Wynn,
bd. of control ; Wm. Huskisson,
bd. of trade; Id. Palmerston,
sec.-at-war ; Id. Bexley, duch.
Lane. ; D. of Clarence, Id. h.
adm. Lord Lyndhurst, Id.
chanc.
The marquess of Lansdowne had a
seat in the cabinet, to which were
soon added the seals of the home
department.
The death of I^Ir. Canning on Aug. 8,
following, led to several changes.
1827. Vise. GoDERicn, late Fkedk. Jno.
Aug. RoniNSON, aft. E. of Ripon, first

King Wii

D. OF Wellington and his
colleagues, continued.

1830. Chas., Earl Gkey, first Id. treas.;

Nov. vise. Althorpe, ch. ox. ; M. of
Lansdowne, pres. of the council ;
E. of Durham. ])r. seal ; vises. Mel-
bourne, Palmerston. and Goderich,
home, for., and col. sees. ; sir Jas.
Graham, first Id. admy. ; Id.
Auckland and Chas. Grant, pres.
of the bds. of trade and control ;
Id. Holland, ch. duch. Lane. ;
Id. John Russell, paym. of the
forces (not of the cabinet at first) ;
D. of Richmond. E. of Carlisle,
C. W. W. Wynn, &c. Lord
Brougham, Id. chanc.
Sir Hy. Parnell aft. became sec.-
at-war, vice Wynn; and sub-

Id. treas. ; D. of Portland, pres.
of the council ; E. of Carlisle, pr.
seal ; vise. Dudley, Wm. Hus-
kisson, and M. of Lansdowne,
for. , col. , and home sees. ; Id.
Palmerston. sec.-at-war; C. W.
W. Wynn, ))d. of control ; Chas.
Grant, bd. of trade; Geo. Tiemey,
m. mint, &c. Lord Lj-ndhurst,
Id. chanc.
1828. Arthur, D. of Wellington, first Id.
Jan. treas. ; Hy. Goulburn, ch. ex. ;
E. Bathurst, pres. of the council ;
Id. EUenborough, pr. seal ; Robt.
Peel, E. Dudley, and Wm. Hus-
kisson, home, for., and col. sees. ;
vise. Melville, bd. of control;
Chas. Grant, bd. of trade ; Id.
Palmerston, sec.-at-war; J. C.
Herries, m. mint ; E. of Aberdeen,
ch. duch. Lane. ; — Arbuthnot,
Chas. Y. Fitzgerald, &c. Lord
Lvndhurst, Id. chanc.
Mr." Huskisson, E. Dudley, vise.
Palmerston, and Mr. Grant, quit
the ministry, and changes follow.
1828. D. OF Wellington, first Id. treas. :
May E. Bathurst, pres. of the council ;
&" Id. EUenborough. pr. seal ; Robt.
June. Peel, E. of Aberdeen, and sir Geo.
Murray, home, for., and col. sees. ;
vise. Melville and Chas. V. Fitz-
gerald, bds. contr. and tr. ; sir
Hy. Hardinge, sec.-at-war ; vise.
Lowther, first commr. of land
revenues, &c. Lord Lyndhurst,
Id. chanc.
The D. of Clarence surrendered
the ofifice of Id. h. adm., Aug. 12 ;
and lord Melville became first Id.
admy. , Sept. lit ; lord EUenborough
became pres. bd. contr., and lord
RoBslyn pr. seal.

LIAM IV.

sequently sir Hy. Parnell was
succ. by sir John Hobhouse.

1832. Earl Grey resigned, owing to a
majority against him in the lords
on a question relating to the Re-
form Bill, May 10, but resumed
office. May 18."
The E. of Ripon, late vise.
Goderich succ. the E. of Dur-
ham as pr. seal, April 3, 1833,
when, also, E. G. S. Stanley,
aft. E. of Derby (previously sec.
for Ireland), became col. sec,
and Ed. Ellice, sec.-at-war.

1834 Wm., Visr. Melboirnk, first Id.

July. treas. ; M. of Lansdowne, pres. of
the council ; E. of Mulgrnve, pr.
seal ; vise. Althorpe, ch. ex. ;
vise. Duncannon, homo sec. ; vise.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

147

1834.

Nov.

&

Dec.

Palmerston, for. sec. ; Spring
Rice, war and col. ; Id. Auckland
first Id. admy. ; Chas. Grant and
C. P. Thomson, bds. of control
and trade ; Id. John Russell,
paym. forces ; sir John Hob-
house, Ed. EUice, M. of Conjaig-
ham, Mr. Littleton, »&c. Lord
Brougham, Id. chanc.

Vise. Melbourne's administra-
tion dissolved. The D. of
Wellington takes the helm of
state provisionally, waiting the
return of sir Robei't Peel from
Italy. Nov. 14.

Sir Robt. Peel, first Id. treas. and
ch. ex. ; Id. Wharncliffe, pr.
seal ; E. of Rosslyn, pres. of the
council ; Hy. Goulburn, D. of
Wellington, and E. of Aberdeen,
home, for. and col. sees ; E. de
Grey, first Id. admy. ; Id. Ellen-
borough and Alex. Baring, aft.
Id. Ashburton, bds. of control
and trade ; sir Edw. Knatchbull,

paym. forces ; J. C. Herries,
sec. -at- war; sir Geo. Murray,
ordn. , &c. Lord Lyndhurst, Id.
chanc.

1835. Vise. Melbocrne, again first Id.

Apr. treas.; M. of Lansdowne,pres. of
the council ; vise. Duncannon, pr.
seal, with the woods and forests ;
Th. Spring Rice, ch. ex. ; Id. John
Russell, vise. Palmerston, and Id.
Glenelg, late Chas. Grant, home,
for., and col. sees. ; E. of Minto,
first Id. admy. ; sir .John Hobhouse
and Chas. Poulett Thomson,
pres. bds. of contr. and tr. ; Id.
Holland, ch. duch. Lane. ; vise.
Ho wick, sec.-at-war; sir Hy.
Parnell, Hy. Labouchere, Id.
Morpeth, &c. The gr. seal in
commission.
The chancellorship, which had been
in commission from the formation
of this ministry, was given to sir
Chas. C. Pejiys, Jan. 1836, with
the title of lord Cottenham.

hiEEN Victoria.

1837. Vise. Melboukn'e and his col-
leagues, contd. June 20.
F. T. Baring aft. becomes ch. ex. , vice
Spring Rice, cr. lord Monteagle ;
M. of Normanby, late E. of Mul-
grave, home sec, i-ice Id. John
Russell, made col. sec. ; T. B.
Macaulay, sec. - at - war, vice
vise. Howick ; E. Clarendon, Id.
pr. seal, rice vise. Duncannon; Hy.
Labouchere, pres. bd. trade, rice
C. P. Thomson, &e.

1839. Ministers announced their determina- }
tion to resign, in consequence of j
the division in the Commons on the
Jamaica Bill, in which they had a
majority of only, /ire. May 7. Sir '
RoJjt. Peel received the queen's j
commands to form a new adminis-
tration, May 8 ; but owing to the
refusal of her majesty to dismiss I
the ladies of her household, on
which sir Robt. Peel insisted, this
command was withdrawn, and on
May 10 lord Melbourne and his
friends returned to power.

1841. Sir Robt. Peel, first Id. treas. ; D.

Aug. of Wellington, without civil office,
& comm. -in-chief ; Id. Wharncliffe,

Sept. pres. of the council ; D. of Buck-

ingham, pr. seal ; sir Jas. Graham,
E. of Aberdeen, and Id. Stanley,
home, for., and col. sees. ; Hy.
Goulburn, ch. ex. ; E. of Hadding-
ton, first Id. admy. ; E. of Ripon,
bd. trade; Id. EUenborough, bd.
control ; sir Hy. Hardinge, sir
Edwd. Knatchbull, sir Geo. Mur-
ray, &c.LordLyndhurst, Id. chanc.

1841. Among the many succeeding changes
to were : Id. Fitzgerald and Vesey

1846. to the bd. of control, vice lord
EUenborough a pp. gov. -gen. of
India, Oct. 1841 ; D. of Buc-
cleuch, pr. seal, Feb. 1842. E. of
Ripon, from the bd. of trade to
the bd. of control, vice lord Fitz-
gerald, deed.. May 1843. SirThos.
Fremantle, sec.-at-war, vice sir
Henry Hardinge, app. gov. -gen.
of India, May 1844. E. of Dal-
housie, to the bd. of trade, and
Sidney Herbert, sec.-at-war, Feb.
1845.' W. E. Gladstone, col. sec,
rice Id. Stanley, res. ; D. of
Buccleuch, pres. of the council,
vice Id. Wharncliffe, deed. ; E. of
Haddington, pr. seal; and- E. of
EUenborough, first Id. admy. . Jan.
1846.

1846. Lord John Russell, first Id. treas

July. and prem. ; M. of Lansdowne, Id,

pres. council ; E. of Minto, Id

pr. seal ; sir Geo. Grey, home

sec. ; vise. Palmerston, for. sec. ;
E. Grey, war and col. sec. ; Chas.
Wood, ch. ex. ; E. of Auckland,
first Id. admy. ; sir Jno. Hobhouse,
10 '

u»

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

aft. Lord Bioughton, pres. bd.
control; E. of Clarendon, pres.
bd. trade ; vise. Morpeth, aft. E.
of Carlisle, first commr. woods and
forests ; il. of Clanricarde, postm.-
gen. ; T. B. Macaulay, paym.-gen.;
lord Cottcnham, Id. chanc. ; lord
Campbell, chanc. d. Lane.
Changes: Hv. Labouchere, app.
pres. bd. trade, July 22, 1847,
vice E. of Clarendon ; E. Gran-
ville, app. paym.-gen. May 1848,
via' Macaulay : to be of cabinet,
Oct. 1851 ; sir F. T. Baring, app.
first Id. admy., Jan. 18, 1849,
riri- E. of Auckland, deed. ; hon.
Fox Maule, sec.-at-war, to be of
cabinet, Nov. 1841) ; E. of Carlisle,
app. chanc. d. Lane., Mar. 6,
1850. rir,- lord Campbell, app. Id.
ch. just. q. b. ; lord Cottenham,
Id. chanc, res. June I'J, 1850, and
commrs. app. ; sir Thos. Wilde,
Id. ch. just. c. p., app. Id. chanc,
July 15, 1850, and cr. lord Truro ;
Id. Seymour, app. first commr.
works. &c., Aug. 1851; to be of
cabinet, Oct. 1851 ; E. Granville,
app. for. sec, Dec. 26, 1851, vice
lord Palmerston, res ; hon. F.
Maule (aft. Id. Panmure), app.
pres. bd. control, vice Hobhouse,
res. Feb. 1852.
1852. Edwd. G., E. of Derby, first Id.
Feb. treas. and prem. ; E. of Lonsdale,
Id. pres. of the council ; M. of
Salisbury, Id. pr. seal; Spencer
Horatio Walpole, home sec. ; E. of
Malmesbury, for. sec. ; sir Jno.
S. Pakington, bt., war and col.
sec. : Benjn. Disraeli, ch. ex. ; D.
of Northumberland, first Id.
admy. ; Jno. Chas. Herries, pres.
bd. cont. ; Josh. Warner Henley,
pres. bd.tr.; E. of Hardwicke,
postm.-gen. ; sir Edwd. B. Sug-
den, cr. lord St. Leonards, Id.
chanc. ; Id. Jno. Manners, first
commr. works, &c. Wm. Beres-
ford, app. scc.-at-war with seat
in cabinet, Feb. 28, 1852, vice
R. V. Smith, who was not in
cabinet.
1852. Geo. Hamilton, E. of Aderdeen,
Dec. first Id. troas. and prem. ; E.

Granville, Id. pres. of the council ;
D. of Argyll, Id. pr. seal ; vise.
Palmerston, home sec. ; lord John
Russoll, fur. sec. ; D. of Newcastle,
war. and col. sec. ; hon. Sidney
Herbert, sec. -at-war; Wm. Ewart
Gladstone, ch. ox. ; sir Jas. 11. G.
Graham, bt., first Id. admy. ; sir
Chas. Wood, bt. , pros. bd. cont. ;
sir Wm. Molesworth bt., first

commr. works, &c. ; Id. Cran-
worth, Id. chanc. ; M. of Lans-
downe, without office.
Changes. — E. of Clarendon, app.
for. sec, Feb. 21, 1853, vice Id.
John Russell, who remained in the
cabinet without office ; secretary-
ship of St. for war and colonies
divided June 12, 18.54, D. of New-
castle app. sec. war, sir Geo. Grey
app. sec. col. ; E. Granville, app.
chanc. d. Lane, June 21, 1854,
vice E. Strutt. who was not in
cabinet ; Id. John Russell, app. Id.
pres. of the council, June 12, 1854,
vice E. Granville.
1855. Hy. Jno., Vise. Palmerston, first
Feb. 10. Id. treas. and premier; E. Gran-
ville, Id. pres. council ; D. of
Argyll, Id. pr. seal ; Sidney Her-
bert, home sec, Feb. 8, succ. by
Sir Geo. Grey, bt., Feb. 28; E. of
Clarendon, for. sec. ; Sidney Her-
bert, col. sec. ; Id. Panmure, war
sec. ; W. E. Gladstone, ch. ex. ;
Sir Jas. R. G. Graham, bt., first Id.
admy. ; Sir Chas. Wood, bt., pres.
bd. cont. ; lord Cranworth, Id,
chanc. ; E. of Harrowby, chanc.
d. Lane. (app. Mar. 1855); sir
Wm. Molesworth, bt., first commr.
works, &c. ; vise Canning, postm.-
gen. ; M. of Lansdowne, without
office.
Changes.— Sidney Herbert, W. E.
Gladstone, and sir J. R. G. Gra-
ham, res. , Feb. 22, 1855 ; sir Chas.
Wood, bt., app. first Id. admy.,
Mar. o, 1855, vice Graham, res. ;
Robt. Vernon Smith, app. pres.
bd. cont.. Mar. 13, 1855, rice
Wood; sir Geo. C. Lewis, bt.,app.
ch. ex., Mar. 5, 1855, vice Glad-
stone, res. ; lord Jno. Russell, app.
col. sec. May 1, 1855, rjce Sidney
Herbert, re's. ; sir Wm. Moles-
worth, app. col. sec, July 21,
1855, vice lord John Russell, res. ;
Hy. Labouchere, app. col. sec,
Nov. 21, 1855, vice Molesworth,
deed. ; D. of Argyll, app. postm.
gen., July 1855, vice vise. Can-
ning, app. gov. gen. India; E. of
Harrowby, app. Id. pr. seal, Dec.
7, 1855, vice D. of Argyll; Mat-
thew Talbot Baines, app. chanc.
d. Lane, Dec. 7, 1855, i-/Vv E. of
Harrowby ; Id. Stanley of Aldorley,
pres. bd.tr., to be of cabinet, —
1855 ; M. of Clanricarde, app. Id.
pr. seal, Feb. 3, 1858, vice E. of
Harrowby, res.
1858. Euwn. G.,'E. ok Derhy, first Id.
Fob.25. treas. and ])remior ; M. of Salis-
bury. Id. pros, council; E. of Hard-

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES,

149

■wicke,ld.pr. seal; Spencer H.Wal-
pole,home sec. ; E.of Malmesbury,
for. sec. ; lord Stanley, col. sec. ;
Jonathan Peel, war sec. ; Benjn.
Disraeli, ch. ex. ; sir Jno. S.
Pakington, bt., first Id. admy. ;
E. of EUenborough, pres. bd.
cent. ; Jos. Warner Henley, pres.
bd. tr. ; lord Jno. Manners, first
commr. works, &c. ; sirFk. Thesi-
ger, cr. Id. Chelmsford, Id. chanc.
Changes. — E. of Donoughmore,app.
pres. bd. tr., Feb. 1859, vice
Henley ; lord Stanley, app. pres.
bd. cont., June 5, 1858, vice E. of
EUenborough ; sir E. Bulwer-
Lytton, app. col. sec, June 5,

1858, vice lord Stanley ; Board of
control abolished by 21 & 22 Vic. ,
cap. 106, and Secretaryship of
State for India created ; lord
Stanley, app. first sec. st. for India,
Sept. 2, 1858 ; F. H. S. Sotheron
Estcourt, app. home sec. Mar. 3,

1859, vice Walpole, res.

1859. Hy. Jno., Vise. Palmerston, first
June 18. Id. treas. and prem. ; E. Gran-
ville, Id. pres. council ; D. of
Argyll, Id. pr- seal; sir Geo.
Cornewall Lewis, bt., home sec. ;
Lord Jno. Russell, cr. E. Russell,
18(51, for. sec. ; D. of Newcastle,
col. sec. ; Sidney Herbert, war
sec. ; sir Chas. Wood, bt., India
sec. ; Wm. Ewart Gladstone, ch.
ex. ; D. of Somerset, first Id.
admy. ; Thos. Milner Gibson, pres.
p. 1. bd., and then pres. bd. tr. ;
Edw. Cardwell, Irish sec. ; Jas.
E. of Elgin, postm. gen. ; Chas. P.
Villiers, pres. p. 1. bd. , vice Gib-
son. Ld. Campbell, Id. chanc. ;
sir Geo. Grey, bt. , chanc. d. Lane
Changes.— Ld. Stanley of Alderley,
app. postm. -gen., Aug. 17, 1860,
vice E. of Elgin, sent as amb. to
China ; sir Richd. Bethell,app. Id.
chanc. and cr. Id. Westbury, June
26, 1861, vice Id. Campbell, deed. ;
Sidney Herbert, res. and cr. Id.
Herbert of Lea, July 1861, d. Aug.
-, 1861; sir G. C. Lewis, app.
SL-c war, July 23, 1861, vice Her-
bert ; sir Geo. Grey, app. home
sec, July 25, 1861, vice Lewis;
Edw. Cardwell, apjj. chanc. d.
Lane, July 25, 1861, vice Grey ;
Sir Robt. Peel, app. Irish sec.
(without seat in cabinet) July,
1861, vice Cardwell ; E. De Grey
and Ripon, app. sec. war, Apr.
28, 1863, rzcp Lewis, deed. ; Edw.
Cardwell, app. col. sec, Apr. 7,
1864:, vice D. of Newcastle, res. ;
E. of Clarendon, app. chanc. d.

Lane, Apr. 7, 1861, vice Card-
well ; Id. Cranworih, app. Id.
chanc, July 7, 1865, vice Id.
Westbury, res.

1865. Jno., Earl Russell, first Id. treas.
Nov, 6. and prem. ; E. Granville, Id. pres,

council ; D. of Argyll, Id. pr. seal ;
sir Geo. Grey, bt.,home sec. ; E. of
Clarendon, for. sec. ; Edw. Card-
well, col. sec. ; E. De Grey and
RilDon, war sec. ; sir Chas. Wood,
bt. , India sec. ; Wm. Ewart Glad-
stone, ch. ex. ; D. of Somerset,
first Id. admy. ; Thos. Milner Gib-
son, pres. bd. tr. ; Chas. Pelham
Villiers, pres. p. 1. bd. ; Id. Stan-
ley of Alderley, postm. gen. ; Id.
Cranworth, Id. chanc. ; Geo. Joa-
chim Goschen, chanc. d. Lane,
(app. Jan. 1866).
Changes. — E. De Grey and Ripon,
app. India sec, Feb. 16, 1866,?'2'ce
sir Chas. Wood, res. and cr. vise,
Halifax ; M. of Hartington, app.
sec. war, Feb. 16, 1866, vice E.
De Grey and Ripon.

1866. Ed WD. G., E. of Derby, first Id,
July. treas. and prem. ; D. of Bucking-
bam and Chandos, Id. pres. coun-
cil ; E. of Malmesbury, Id. pr. seal ;
Spencer H. Walpole, home sec. ;
Id. Stanley, for. sec. ; E. of Carnar-
von, col. sec. ; Jonathan Peel, war
sec ; vise Cranborne, India sec. ;
Benjn. Disraeli, ch. ex. ; sir J. S,
Pakington. bt., first Id. admy. ; sir
Stafford Hy. Northcote, bt., pres.
bd. tr. ; Gathorne Hardy, pres,
p. 1. bd. ; Id. Chelmsford, Id.
chanc. ; Id. Naas, aft. E. of Mayo,
Irish sec ; lord Jno. Manners,
first commr. works, &c.

Changes. — E. of Carnarvon, gen.
Peel, and lord Cranborne, res..
Mar. 1867 ; D. of Buckingham and
Chandos, app. col. see, Mar. 8,
1867. rice E. of Carnarvon ; D. of
Mai'lborough, app. Id. pi"es. coun-
cil, Mar. 8, 1867, rzW D. of Buck-
ingham; sir J. S. Pakington, app.
sec. war. Mar. 8, 1867, vice Peel ;
Hy. Thos. Lowry Corry, app. first
Id. admy., Mar.'S, 1867, vice Pak-
ington ; sir Stafford Hy. North-
cote, app. sec. India, Mar. 8, 1867,
vice lord Cranborne ; D. of Rich-
mond, app. pres. bd. tr. , Mar. 8,
1867, vice Northcote; Gathorne
Hardy, app. home see, May 17,
1867, vice Walpole, res. ; E. of
Devon, app. pres. p. 1. bd. (with-
out seat in cabinet). May 17, 1867,
rice Hardy.

E. of Derby res. through ill-health,
Feb. 1868, and d. Oct. 23, 1869.

150

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1868. Benjn. Disraki.1, first Id. treas. and

Feb. premier ; D. of Marlborough, Id.

pres. council ; E. of Malmesbury,

Id. ])r. seal ; Gathorne Hardy,

home sec. ; Id. Stanley, for. sec. ;

D. of Buckingham and Chandos,
col. sec. ; sir J. S. Pakington, bt. ,
■war sec. ; sir Staflford Hy. North-
cote, bt., India sec. ; Geo. Ward
Hunt, ch. ex. ; Hy. Thos. Lowry
Cony, first Id. "admy. ; U. of
Richmond, pres. bd. tr. ; E. of
Mayo, Irish sec. (res. Sept. 1868,
and succ. by Col. Jno. Wilson
Patten, not in cabinet) ; lord Jno.
Manners, first commr. works,
&c. ; Id. Cairns, Id. chanc.

1868. Wm. Ewakt Gladstonk, first Id.

Dec. treas. and prcm. ; E. De Grey
and Ripon, Id. pres. council ; E.
of Kimberley, Id. pr. seal ; Hy.
Austin Bruce, home sec. ; E. of
Clarendon, for. sec. ; E. Gran-
Tille, col. sec. ; Edw. Cardwell,
■war sec. ; D. of Argyll, India sec. ;
Robt. Lowe. ch. ex. ; Hugh
C. E. Childers, first Id. admy. ;
Jno. Bright, pres. bd tr. ;
Chichester S. Fortescue, Irish
sec. ; M. of Hartington, postm.-
gen. ; Geo. Joachim Goschen,
pres. p. 1. bd. : sir Wm. Page
Wood, cr. Id. Hatherley, Id. chanc.
Changes. — W. E. Foster, v. pres.
educatn., brought into the cabi-
net, July 1870; E. Granville,
app. for. sec, July 6, 1870, ?'?Ve

E. of Clarendon, deed. ; E. of
Kimberley, app. col. sec, July (i,
1870, rice E. Granville ; vise.
Halifax, app. Id. pr. seal, July 6,
1870, vice E. of Kimberley ; Chi-
chester S. Fortescue, app. pres.
bd. tr., Jan. 14, 1871, r/tr Bright,
res. ; M. of Hartington. app. Irish
sec, Jan. 1871, rice Fortescue;
Wm. Monsell, app. postm. gen.,
Jan. 9. 1871. rice Id. Hartington,
but without seat in cabinet ; (tco.
Joachim Goschen, first Id. admy.,
Mar. '.», 1871, rice Childers, res. ;
Jas. Stansfeld.ai))). jn-es. loc gov.
bd., Aug. 1871 ; Hugh C. E. Chil-
ders, app. chanc. d. Lane. Aug.
9, 1872, vice Id. Dufferin, who was
not in cabinet ; sir lloundell
Palmer, app. Id. chanc. and cr.
Id. Selborne, Oct. 15, 1872, vice Id.
Hatherloy, res. ; II. A. Bruce, ap]).
Id. jiroH. council, Aug. t), 187!{,
and cr. lord Aberdaro, vice E.
Uo (irey and Uii)on, res. ; R.
Lowe, a))]), homo sec, Aug. !>,
lH7:i, r/rv Bruce; W. E. Glad-
stone, aj)]). ch. ex., rice Lowe.

Aug. y. 1873, and held the offico
jointly with that of first Id. treas.
and premiership ; Jno. Bright,
app. chanc. d. Lane, Sept. 30,
1873, vice Childers, res.

1874. Benjn. Disraeli, first Id. treas. and

Feb. prem. ; D. of Richmond, Id. pres.
of the council ; E. of Malmes-
bury, Id. pr. seal ; Richd. Asshe-
ton Cross, home sec. ; E. of Derby,
for. sec. ; E. of Carnarvon, col.
sec. ; Gathorne Hardy, war sec. ;
M. of Salisbury, India sec. ; sir
Stafford Hv. Northcote, bt., ch.
ex. ; Geo. Ward Hunt, first Id.
admy.; Id. Jno. Manners, postm. -
gen. ; Id. Cairns, (cr. E. Cairns,
Sept. 23, 1878), Id. chanc.
Changes.— B. Disraeli, aft. E. of
Beaconsfield, app. Id. pr. seal, rice
E. of Malmesbury, Aug. 12, 1876,
and held the office jointly with
first Id. treas. and premiership ;
sir Michl. E. Hicks-Beach, bt., Irish
sec. to be of cabinet, Feb. 1877 ;
Wm. Hy Smith, app. first Id.
admy. .Aug. 14, 1877, rice Hunt,
deed. : D. of Northumberland,
app. Id. pr. seal, Feb. 4, 1878, rice
E. of Beaconsfield, res. ; sir
Michael E. Hicks-Beach, bt., app.
col. sec, Feb. 4, 1878, vice E. of
Carnarvon, res. ; Jas. Lowther
app. Irish sec, without seat in
cabinet, Feb. 1878. vice Hicks-
Beach ; M. of Salisbury, app. for.
sec, Apr. 2, 1878, rice E. of
Derby, res. ; Gathorne Hardy,
app. sec. India. Apr. 2, 1878,
(cr. vise. Cranbrook, May 3,
1878), rice Salisbury; col. Fredk.
xVrthur Stanley, app. sec. war,
Apr. 2, 1878, vice Hardy ; vise.
Sandon, app. pres. bd. trade,
with seat in cabinet, Apr. 4,
1878, i-ice Adderley.

1880. Wm. Ewart Gladstone, first Id.

Apr. 28. treas., ch. ex. and prem.; E. Spen-
cer, Id. pr. council ; D. of Argyll,
Id. pr. seal ; Wm. G. G. Ver-
non Harcourt, home sec. ; E.
Granville, for. sec. ; E. of
Kimberley, col. sec. ; Hugh 0.
E. Childers, war .sec ; M. of
Hartington. India sec. ; E. of
Northbrook, first Id. admy.; Jos.
Chamberlain, pres. bd. trade ;
John (>eo. Dodson, pres. loo. gvt.
bd. ; Wm. Edwd. Forster, Irish
see. ; Id. Selborne, Id. chanc. (cr.
E. Selborne. Dec 2'.t, 1881); Jno.
Bright, chanc. d. Lane
Changes. —Ld. Carlingford, app. Id.
pr. seal. May 2nd, ISSl, riccD. of
Argyll, res. ; earl Spencer, app.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

151

Id. lieut. Ireland, Apr. 28, 1882,
vice E. Cowper, who was not in
cabinet; lord Fredk. Chas. Caven-
dish, app. Irish sec., without seat
in cabinet. May, 1882, (assass.
May 6, 1882) vice Forster, res. ;
Geo. Otto Trevelyan, app. Irish
sec, without seat in cabinet. May
9, 1882, vice Cavendish; E. o"f
Kimberle}', app. clianc. d. Lane,
July 25, 1882, i-ice Bright, res. ;
H.C. E. Childers, app. chanc. ex.,
Dec. 1(5, 1882, vice Gladstone,
res. ; M. of Hartington, app. war
sec, Dec. IG, 1882, vice Childers ;
E. of Kimberley, app. India sec,
Dec. 16, 1882, vice M. of Har-
tington; E. of Derby, app. col.
sec, Dec. 16, 1882, vice E. of
Kimberley ; J. G. Dodson, app.
chanc. d. Lane, Dec. 28, 1882,
vice E. of Kimberley ; sir Chas.
Wentworth Dilke, bt., app. pres.
loc gvt. bd., Dec. 28, 1882, vice
Dodson; Id. Carlingford, app.
Id. pres. council. Mar. 11), 1883,
vice E. Silencer, res. ; G. 0. Tre-
velyan, app. chanc. d. Lane, Oct.
29, 1884, vice Dodson, res. ; H.
Campbell-Bannerman, app. Irish
sec, without seat in cabinet, Oct.
29, 1884, vice Trevelyan; G. J.
Shaw-Lefevre (app. postm.-gen.,
without seat in cabinet, vice Faw-
cett, deed., also not in cabinet),
to be of cabinet, Feb. 1885 ; E. of
Rosebery, app. first commr. works,
Feb. 1885, vice Shaw-Lofevre ; E.
of Rosebery, app. Id. pr. seal, Mar.
5, 1885, vice Id. Carlingford, res.
1885 RoBT. Arthur Talbot, M. of Salis-
June. BURY, for. sec and prem. ; sir
Stafford Hy. Northcote, bt. (cr.
E. of Iddesleigh). first Id. treas. ;
vise Cranbrook, Id. pres. council ;
E. of Harrowby, Id. pr. seal ; sir
Rd. Assheton-Cross, homo see;
sir Fredk. A. Stanley, col. sec ;
Wm. Hy. Smith, war sec. ; Id.
Randolph H. S. Churchill, India
sec; sir M. E. Hicks-Beach, bt.,
chanc. ex.; Id. Geo. F. Hamilton,
first Id. admy.; D. of Richmond and
Gordon, pres. bd. tr. ; E. of Car-
narvon, Id. lieut. Ireland ; Id. Jno.
J. R. Manners, postm.-gen. ; hon.
E. Stanhope, v. pres. educatn. ; sir
H. S. Giffard (cr. Id. Halsbury),
Id. chanc. ; Id. Ashbourne, Id.
chanc. Ireland.
Changes.— Hon. Edwd. Stanhope,
app. pres bd. tr., Aug. 19, 1885,
vice D. of Richmond and Gordon,
app. sec. Scotland ; W. H. Smith,
app. Irish sec. Jan. 25, 1886, vice

sir W. Haiii-Dyke, who was not in
cabinet.

1886. Wm. Ewart Gladstone, first Id.

Feb. treas.. Id. pr. seal, and prem. ; E.
Spencer, Id. pres. comicil; Hugh
C. E. Childers, home sec. ; E. of
Rosebury, f or. sec. ; E. Granville,
col. sec. ; Hy. Campbell-Banner-
man, war sec. ; E. of Kimberley,
India sec. ; Geo. Otto Trevelyan,
sec. Scotland ; sir Wm. G. G. V.
Harcourt, chanc. ex. ; M. of
Ripon, first Id. admy. ; Anthy. Jno.
Mundella, pres. bd. tr. ; Jos.
Chamberlain, pres. loc. gvt. bd. ;
John Morley, Irish sec ; sir
Farrer Herschell (cr. lord Her-
schell). Id. chanc.
Changes. — E. of Dalhousie, app.
sec. Scotland, without seat in
cabinet, Apr. 3, 1886, vice Tre-
velyan. res. ; Jas. Stansfeld, app.
pres. loc. gvt. bd., Apr. 3, 1886,
vice Chamberlain, res.

1886. RoBT. Arthur Talbot, M. of Salis-

Aug. 3. BURT, first Id. treas. and prem. ;
vise Cranbrook, Id. pres. council ;
Hy. Matthews, home sec. ; E. of
Iddesleigh, for. sec ; hon. Edwd.
Stanhope, col. see ; Wm. Hy.
Smith, war. see; sir Rd. Assheton
Cross, G.C.B., (cr. vise Cross,
Aug. 8. 1886), India sec. : Id.
Randolph H. S. Churchill, chanc.
ex.; Id. Geo. F. Hamilton, first Id.
admy. ; sir Fredk. Arthur Stanley
(cr. Id. Stanley of Preston, Aug.
6, 1886), pres.'bd. tr. ; sir Michl.
E. Hicks-Beach, bt., Irish sec; Id.
Halsbury, Id. chanc. ; vise. Cran-
brook (pro teiii), and then Id. Jno.
Manners, chanc. d. Lane ; Id.
Ashbourne, Id. chanc. Ireland.
Changes. — Arthur Jas. Balfour,
sec Scotland, brought into cabi-
net, Nov. 1886 ; M. of Salisbury,
app. for. see, Jan. 14, 1887, vice
E. of Iddesleigh, res. ; the mar-
quis retained the premiership ; W.
H. Smith, app. first Id. treas., Jan.
14, 1887, vice M. of Salisbury ;
hon. Edw. Stanhope, app. war sec,
Jan. 14, 1887, vice Smith; sir
Hy. Thurstan Holland, (cr.
Id^ Knutsford, Feb. 27, 1888),
app. col. sec, Jan. 14, 1887, vice
Stanhope ; Geo. Joachim Goschen,
app. chanc. ex., Jan. 14, 1887,
vice Id. R. Churchill, res. ;
Arthur Jas. Balfour, app. Irish
see, Mar. 8, 1887, vice Hicks-
Beach, who res., but remained in
the cabinet without office ; M. of
Lothair. ajsp. sec. Scotland, Mar.
11, 1887, vice Balfour ; Earl Ca-

152 ^ THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

i''''S'fr"*''^/flogan, Id. pr. seal, and C. T. the cabinet, Jan. 1888. but re-

/h^^Lr!.^ Ritchie, pres. loc. gvt. bd. ; \ joined it in the following month

(Jvli-^hii-v^" brought into cabinet May 1887. i as pres. bd. tr., virf Stanley of

.,%i7L M..>ftVC gir ^,[^ Hicks-Beach retired from | Preston, app. gov. -gen. Canada. .

LORDS

>tcw*.^„.,

1278.

1279.
1280.

LORD TREASURERS. LORD HIGH TREASURERS.
COMMISSIONERS OF THE TREASURY.

The lord treasurership, though not highest in nominal rank, has generally
been the hi?hest political office in the state. For many years past the
office has been executed by commissioners known as lords of the trea-
sury. The first lord is almost invariably the head of the government,
and the second lord is, generally, also the chancellor of the exchequer.

TiORD Treasurees, &c., of England.

1266. Thos. de Wymundham.

1269. John de Chi'shull, dean of St. Paul's,

London, aft bp. of London.
1271. Philip de Eh'.

King Edward I.

1274. Joseph de Clancy.

1275. Walter Gitt'ard,' bp. of Bath and
Wells, aft. abp. of York.

— Robt. Burnel, bp. of Bath and Wells.
John de Clancy, prior of St. John's

of Jerusalem, in England.
Thos. Beck, archd. of Dorchester.
Richd. de Warren, or de Ware, abbot
of Westminster.
1284. Walter Wenlock, abbot of West-
minster.
1 28G. Roger de Longespee, al/'as de Molend,
bp. of Lichtield.

— John dc Kirkeby, archd. of Coven-
try, aft. bp. of Ely.

1290. Wm. de Marchia, bp. of Bath and
Wells.

1293. Peter de Leicester, baron of the
exch., who, witn the two cham-
berlains of the exch., executed
the office of treasr. until the ap-
pointment of

1295. Walter de Langton. bp. of Lichfield.
Under him, Peter Willeby was ch. ex.

King Edward II.
Walter Reynolds, bp. of Worcester,

aft. abp. of Canterbury. He had

been schooluuister to the king.
Under him, John de Sandale was ch.

ex.
John de Sandale.
Sir Walter de Norwich.
John do Sandale, bp. of Winchester,

(ii/ain.
Sir Walter de Norwich, again.
John do Drokenesford, bp. of Bath

and Wells.
Hervey de Stanton, ch. ox.
1317. John ilotham. bji. of Ely.

1234.

1258.
1200.

1263.

;

William the Conqueror.
Odo, E. of Kent.

King Henry I.

Geoffry dc Clinton.
Kanulph Flambard, bp. of Durham.
Roger, bp. of Salisbury.
Nigellus, bp. of Ely.

King Henrv II.
Geotrrev Ridel, bp. of Ely.
Richd. de Ely.

King Richard I.

The same, contd.
Wm. de Ely.

King John.
The same, contcl.
Dean of St. Paul's, London.
Walter de Grey, bp. of Worcester.
Geoflrey, archd. of Norwich.

King Henry III.
John Ruthal.
Eustace de Fauconbridge, aft. bp. of

London.
John de Eontibus, bp. of Ely.
Walter Maclevk, or Lacklatine, bp.

of Carlisle.
Hubert de Burgo.
Peter de Orial.
Under him, Robert Passelewe was

ch. ex. , or deputy treasurer.
Hugh de Patteshull.
Galfridus Tcmplarius.
Wm. IlavorhuU, canon of St.

Paul's, London.
Richd. de Barking, abbot of West-
minster.
Philip Level, dej). by the barons in

the year 1258.
John Crackhall, archd. of Bedford.
John, abbot of Peterborough, made

treas. by the barons.
NichohiH de Ely. archd. of Ely,

1307

1311.
1312.
1313.

1316.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

163

1318. Wm. Walwaine.

_ John de Stratford, bp. of Winchester.

1319. Walter Stapleton, bp. of Exeter.

1321. Sir Walter de Norwich, again.

1322. Roger de Northburgh, bp. of Lich-

tield and Coventry.
1324. Walter Stapleton, bp. of Exeter,

again. He was beheaded in the

year 1326, by order of the queen

regent, Isabella.
1324. Wm. de Melton, abp. of York.

King Edwakd III.

1326. John de Stratford, bp. of Winches-

ter, again.

— Adam de Orleton, bp. of Hereford.

1327. Hy. de Burghersh, bp. of Lincoln.

1329. Thos. Charleton, bp. of Hereford.

1330. Robt. Woodhouse.

1331. Wm. Melton, abp. of York, again.

1332. Wm. Ayremin, bp. of Norwich.

1333. Robt. le Ailstone.

1336. Hy. de Burghersh, bp. of Lincoln,

again.

1337. Richd. de Bury, bp. of Durham.

1338. Wm. de la Zouch, or le Zouch, abp.

of York.
1340. Sir Richd. Sodington.

— Roger de Northburgh, bp. of Lich-

tield and Coventry, again.

1342. The same, again.

1343. Wm. de Cusans.

1345. Wm. de Edington, bp. of Winchester.
1358. John de Shepey, bp. of Rochester.
1361. Simon Langham, bp. of Ely, aft.

abp. of Canterbury, Id. chanc,

and a cardinal.
1363. John Barnet, bp. of Worcester.

Under him, Wm. Ashby, archd. of

Northampton, was ch. ex.
1371. Richd., Id. Scrope, of Bolton, No. 1.

1376. Sir Richd. Ashton, Id. wden. of

the Cinque Ports.

1377. Hy. Waketield, bp. of Worcester.

King Richard II.

1377. The same, contd.

1378. Thos. Brentingham, bp. of Exeter.

1379. Richd. Fitzalan, E. of Arundel and

Surrey.

1380. Thos. Brentingham, bp. of Exeter,

again.

1389. John Gilbert, bp. of St. David's.

1390. JohnWaltham, bp. of Salisbury.
1395. Roger Walden, sec. to the king, and

treasr. of Calais. He was elected
abp. of Canterbury, but rejected
by pope Iimocent VII. , who aft.
confirmed him bp. of London.
1398. Guy de Mona, bp. of St. David's.
— Su' Wm. le Scrope, E. of Wiltshire ;
beheaded at Bristol in 1399.

Kjng Henry IV.

1399.
1403.
1404.
1405.
1408.

1409.
1410.

Sir John Northbury.
Hy. Bowet, bp. of Bath and Wells.
Wm., Id. Roos or Ros.
Thos., Id. Furnival.
Nicholas Bubbewith, bp. of London.
Richd., Id. Scrope, of Bolton, No. 2.
John de Tiptoft.

Hy . , Id. Scrope, of Masham ; b eheaded
at Southampton, 1415.

King Henry V.
1413. Thos., E. of Arundel and Surrey.

1416. Sir Philip Lech.

1417. Hy., Id. Fitz-Hugh.

King Henry VL
1422. John Stafford, dean of Wells, made

bp. of Bath and Wells ; aft. abp.

of Canterbury.
1425. Walter, Id. Hungerford.
1431. John, Id. Scrope, of Upsal.
1434. Ralph, Id. Cromwell.
1444. Ralph, Id. Sudley.

1447. Marmaduke Lumley, bp. of Carlisle.

1448. Jas., Id. Say and Sele ; beheaded

by the Kentish rebels under Jack

Cade.
1450. John, Id. Beauchamp of Powyk.
1452. John, E. of Worcester.

1455. Jas., E. of Wiltshire and Ormond.

— Thos. Thorpe, ch. ex.

— Hy., vise. Bourchier.

1456. John, E. of Shrewsbury ; killed at

the battle of Northampton, 1460.

1458. Jas., E. of Wiltshire and Ormond,
again ; beheaded at Newcastle-
upon-Tyne, 1461.

1460. Hy., vise. Bourchier, again.

King Edward IV.

1460. Thos. Bourchier.
1462. John, E. of Worcester, again; be-
headed in 1470 or 1471.

1464. Edmd., lord Grey of Ruthyn, cr. E.

of Kent.

1465. Sir Walter Blount, aft. lord Mont-

joy-

1466. Richd. , E. Rivers ; beheaded at

Northampton, 1469.
1469. John Longstrother, prior of St.
John's of Jerusalem, in England.

— Wm. Grey, bp. of Ely.

1471. Hy., vise. Bourchier, now E. of
"" s, again.

King Edward V.
1483. Hy., E. of Essex, contd.

King Richard HI.

1483. The same, contd.

1484. Sir Richd. Wood.

164

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

King Henby VII.

1485. Sir Reginald Bray.

— Sir Wiu. Stanley, cb. ex,

1486. John, lord Dynham.
1501. Thos., E. of Surrey,

Norfolk.

aft, D. of

King Henry VIII.
1509. The same, contd.
* * Thos. Cromwell, aft. E. of Essex ;

and oh. ex. ; beheaded 1540.
1522. Thos. , E. of Surrey, son to the last

Id. treasr. ; beheaded 1547.

King Edward VI.
1547. Edwd., E. of Hertford, aft. D. of

Somerset ; beheaded 1551.
1551. Wm., E. of Wiltshire, aft. M. of

Winchester.

Qdeen Mary'.
155;'.. Wm., M. of Winchester, contd.

Queen Elizabeth.
1558. The same, contd.

— Richd. Sackville, ch. ex.
1506. Sir Wm. Mildmay, ch. ex.
1572. Sir Wm. Cecil. Id. Burleigh, held

office 27 years.
1580. Sir John Fortescue, ch. ex.
1599. Thos. Sackville, Id. Buckhurst,

aft. E. of Dorset; d. Apr. ID,

1609.

King James I.
lOOi). Geo., Id. Hume, of Berwick, ch. ex.

— Sir Fulke Greville, ch. ex.

1609. Robt., E. of Salisbury ; d. May 24,

1612.
1612. Hy., E. of Northampton, and others

(first commrs.) by pat., June 16.
1614. Thos. Egerton. Id. EUesmere, Id.

chanc, and others, commrs.,

Jan, 24.

1614, Thos., Id. Howard de Walden and

E. of Suffolk, res.

1615. Geo. Abbott, abp. of Canterbury,

and others, commrs., by succes-
sive patents, dated July 21, 1618,
and Jan. 25, 1619.

1620. Sir Richd. Weston, bt., aft. E. of

Portland, ch. ex.
— Sir Hy. Montagu, Id. ch. just. k. b. ;
cr. baron Kimbolton, and vise.
Mandi'ville ; aft. E. of Manchester.

1621. Lionel, Id. Cranfield, aft. E. of

Middlesex ; sent to the Tower,
and deprived, May 14, 1C.24.

1622. Commission enabling the Id. troas.

to act as ch. ex., A))r. 22.
1624. Sir Richd. Weston, aft. Id. Wes-
ton, chanc. and under treas. of
the ex. ; coiinnr. during the va-
cancy, by i)at., :May 25.

1624, Sir Jas. Ley, knt. and bt.. Id. ch.

just. k. b. ; cr. lord Ley, aft. E.
of Marlborough.

King Charles I.

1625. The same, contd.

1628. Rd., Id. Weston, ch. ex.: cr., in
1633, E. of Portland,

— Eras. Cottington, aft. Id, Cotting-

ton, ch. ex.

1635. Wm. Laud, abp. of Canterbury,
Hy.. E. of ^lanchester. Id. pr, seal,
Eras., Id. Cottington, late ch. ex..
Sir John Coke, and

Sir Fras. Windebank, principal sees,
of St., commrs.

1636. Wm. Juxon, bp. of London.

— Edwd., Id. Newburgh, in Fifeshire,

ch. ex.

1641. Sir Edwd. Littleton, Id. kpr. of the

gr. seal,
Hy., E. of Manchester, Id. pr, seal,
Sir John Bankes, Id. ch. just. c. p.,
Edwd., lord Newburgh, ch. ex., and
Sir Ily. Vane, commrs,

1642. Sir John Colepepcr, ch. ex.

— Sir Edwd. Hyde, ch ex.

1643. Fras., Id. Cottington, by pat.,
dated Oct. 3.

Commonwealth.
1654. Bulstrode Whitelockc

Sir Tbos. Widdrington, and

John Lisle, Ids. commrs. of the gr.
seal.

Hy. Rolle, and

Ohver St. John. Ids. ch. just, of the
upper and common bench ;

Edwd. Montagu.

Wm. Sydenham, and

Wm. Matham, commrs. of the treasy,,
by pat., dated Aug. 3.

When Richd. Cromwell became pro-
tector, another commission issued.

1658. Bulstrode, Id. Whitelocke, const.

of the ca.stlo of Windsor,
Edwd., Id. Montagu, one of the

generals at sea,
Wm., Id. Sydenham, gov. of the

Isle of Wight, and
Sir Thos. Widdrington. ch, bar,

exch.. commrs. of the treasy., by

pat., dated Sept. 18.
After Richd. Cromwell ceased to be

protector, another commission

issued under the " Keepers of the

Liberty of England,"

1659, John Disbrowe.
Wm. Sydenliani,
Richd. "Salwey.
Cornelius Holland,
.Tohn Clcrke. and

John Blackwell, commrs. of the
treasv.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

155

King Charles II.
The dates given below are
those of the patents, except
those marked G., which are
the dates of the Gazette
notices.

Commissioners.
June 19, 1660.

Sir Edward Hyde, (Id.
chanc), aft. E. of Claren-
don.

Geo. Monk, gen. of the king's
forces.

Thos., E. of Southampton.

John, Id. Robartes.

Thos., Id. Colepeper.

Gen. Edwd. Montagu.

Sir Edwd. Nicholas and sir
Wm. Morrice, principal
sees, of st.

Lord Treasurer.
Sept. 8, 1660.
Thos.,E. of Southampton.
Sir Robt. Long, ch. ex.

Commissioners.
May. 24, 1667.
Geo., D. of Albemarle.

Anthy. , Id. Ashley, ch. ex.
Sir Thos. Clifford, comptr.

of the household.
Sir Wm. Coventry.
Sir John Duncombe.

Apr. 8, 1669.
Geo., D. of Albemarle.

Anthy., Id. Ashley, eh. ex.
Sir Thos. Clifford, comptr.

of the household.
Sir John Duncombe.

Lord Treasurers.
Nov. 28, 1672.
Thos., lord Clifford.

Sir John Duncombe, ch. ex.

June 24, 1673.
Sir Thos. Osborne, Baron
Osborne, and Yisc. La-
timer and DuNBLAiN.
Cr. E. of Danby ; aft. M.
of Carmarthen and D. of
Leeds.

Commissioners.

Mar. 26, 1679.
Ajrthur, E. of Essex.
Hon. Laurence Hyde, ch. ex.
Sir John Ernley.
Sir Edwd. Deering, bt.
Sidney Godolphin.

Not. 21, 1679.
Hon. Laurence, aft. lord
Hyde.

Sir John Ernley. ch. ex.

Sir Edwd. Deering, bt.
Sidney Godolphin.
Sir Stephen Fox.

July 9, 1684.
Laurence, vise. Hyde,

now E. of Rochester.
Sir John Ernley, ch. ex.
Sir Stephen Fox.

July 26, 1684.
Laurence, E. of Roches-
ter.
Sir John Ernley, ch. ex.
Sir Dudley North.
Hy. Fredk. Thynne.

Sept. 9, 1684.
Sidney, lord Godolphin.
Sir John Ernley, ch. ex.
Sir Stephen Fox.
Sir Dudley North.
Hy. Fredk. Thynne.

King James II.
Lord Treasurer.
Feb. 16, 1685.
Laurence, E. of Roches-
ter.

Commissioners.
Jan. 4, 1687.
John, lord Belasyse.
Sidney, Id Godolphin.
Hy. , Id. Dover.
Sir John Ernley, ch. ex.
Sir Stephen Fox.

William and Mary.
Apr. 9, 1689.
Chas., vise. Mordaunt.
Hy., Id. Delamere, ch. ex.
Sidney, Id. Godolphin.
Sir Hy. Capel. k.b.
Richd. Hampden.

Mar. 18, 1690.
Sir John Lowther, bt.
Richd. Hampden, ch. ex.
Sir Stephen Fox.
Thos. Pelham.

Nov. 15, 1690.
Sidney, lord Godolphin.

Sir John Lowther, bt.
Richd. Hampden, ch. ex.
Thos. Pelham.
Sir Stephen Fox.

Mar. 21, 1691.
Sidney, lord Godolphin.
Richd. Hampden, ch. ex.
Sir Stephen Fox.
Chas. Montagu, aft. lord

Halifax.
Sir Edwd. Seymour, bt.

May 3, 1694.
Sidney, lord Godolphin;

and ch. ex.
Sir Stephen Fox.
Chas. Montagu.
Sir Wm. Trumbull.
John Smith.

King William III.

Nov. 1. 1695.
Sidney, lord Godolphin.
Chas. IMontagu, ch. ex.
Sir Stephen Fox.
John Smith.

May 2, 1696.
Sidney, lord Godolphin.
Chas. Montagu, ch. ex.
Sir Stephen Fox.
John Smith.
Sir Thos. Littleton, bt.

May ] , 1698.
Chas. Montagu, and ch. ex.
Sir Stephen Fox.
John Smith.
Sir Thos. Littleton, bt.
Thos. Pelham.

June 1, 1699.
Chas. Montagu, and ch. ex.
Ford, E. of Tankerville.
Sir Stephen Fox.
John Smith.
Hon. Hy. Boyle

Nov. 15, 1699.
Ford, E. of Tankerville.
John Smith, ch. ex.
Sir Stephen Fox.
Hon. Hv. Boyle.
Richd. Hill.

Dec. 9, 1700.
Sidney, lord Godoli'Hin.
John Smith, ch. ex.
Sir Stephen Fox.
Hon. Hy. Boyle.
Richd. Hill. '

Mar. 29, 1701.
Sidney, lord Godoli'Hin.
Hon. Hy. Boyle, ch. ex.
Sir Stephen Fox.
Richd. Hill.
Thos. Pelham.

Dec. 30, 1701.
Chas., E. of Carlisle.
Hon. Hy. Boyle, ch. ex.
Sir Stephen Fox.
Richd. Hill.
Thos. Pelham.

Queen Anne.

Lord Treasurer.

May 8, 1702.

Sidney, lord Godolphin,

aft. vise. Rialton and E.

of Godolphin.

156

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Union with Scotland.
LoED Teeasueees, &c., of Geeat Beitain.

Commissioners.
Aug. 10, 1710.
John E. Pollet.
Robt. Harley, ch. e.\.
Hon. Hy. Paget.
Sir Thos. Mansell, bt.
Robt. Benson.

Lord Treasurer.
May 30, 1711.
Robt. E. of Oxford and
E. Mortimer.

King George I.

Lord Treasurer.
Chas., D. of Shrewsbury.
He was at the same time
Id. chambn. of the hshold.
and Id. Ueut. of Ireland.

From the accession of George I. to the present time the office of lord treasurer has
been executed by commissioners ; the duke of Shrewsbury being the hist person who
executed the office as an individual.

Oct. 13, 1714.
Chas., E. of Halifax.
Sir Richd Onslow, bt.,

ch. ex.
Sir Wm. St. Quintin, bt.
Edwd. Wortley Montagu.
Paul Methuen. !

May 23, 1715.
Chas., E. of Carlisle.
Sir Richd. Onslow, bt., ch.

ex.
Sir Wm. St. Quintin, bt.
Edwd. Wortley Montagu.
Paul Methuen.

Oct. 11, 1715.
Robt. Walpole, andch. ex.
Daniel, Id. Finch.
Sir Wm. St. Quintin, bt.
Paul Methuen.
Hon. Thos. Newport.

June 1.'5, 171G.
Robt. Wali'ole, and ch. ex.
Sir Wm. St. Quintin, bt.
Paul Methuen.
Hon. Thos. Newport, aft.

Lord Torrington.
Richd. Edgcumbe.

Apr. 15, 1717.

Jas. STANHorK, aft. E. Stan-
hope, and ch. ex.

Thos. , Id. Torrington.

John Wallop.

Geo. Baillie.

Thos. Micklethwaite, aft.
vise. Micklethwaite, in
Ireland.

Mar. 20, 1718.
Chas., E. of Sunderland.
John Aislabie, ch. ex.
John Wallop, aft. vise. Lym-

Commissioners.
ington and E. of Ports-
mouth.
Geo. Baillie.
Wm. Clayton.

June 11, 1720.
Chas., E. of Sunderland.
John Aislabie, ch. ex.
Geo. Baillie.
Sir Chas. Turner, bt.
Richd. Edgcumbe.

Apr. 3, 1721.
Robt. Walpole, aft. sir R. I
and E. of Orford ; and ch. ex.
Geo. Baillie.
Sir Chas. Turner, bt.
Richd. Edgcumbe, aft. Id.

Edgcumbe.
Hon. Hy. Pelham.

Mar. 23, 1724.
Robt. Walpole, and ch. ex.
Geo. Baillie.
Sir Chas. Turner, bt.
Hon. Hy. Pelham.
Wm. Yonge.

Apr. 2, 1724.
Robt. Walpole, and ch. ex.
Geo. Baillie.
Sir Chas. Turner, bt.
Wm. Yonge.

Geo. Dodington, aft. loi-d
Melcombc.

May 27, 1725.
Sir Robt. Walpole, and

ch. ex.
Sir Chas. Turner, bt.
Sir Wm. Yonge, k.b.
Geo. Dodington.
Sir Wm. Strickland, bt.

King George II.
July 28, 1727.
Sir Robt. Walpole, k.o. ;
and ch. ex.

Sir Chas. Turner, bt.
Geo. Dodington.
Sir Geo. Oxenden, bt.
Wm. Clayton.

May 11, 1730.

Sir Robt. Walpole, k.g. ;
and ch. ex.

Geo. Dodington.

Sir Geo. Oxenden, bt.

Wm. Clayton, aft. lord Sun-
don, of Ireland.

Sir Wm. Yonge, k.b.

May 1735.
Sir Robt. Walpole, k.g. ;

and ch. ex.
Geo. Dodington.
Sir Geo. Oxenden, bt.
Wm. , lord Sundon.
Geo. , vise. Malpas.

May 1730.
Sir Robt. Walpole, k.g.;

and ch. ex.
Geo. Dodington.
Sir Geo. Oxenden, bt.
Wm. , lord Sundon.
Thos. Winnington.

June 1737.
Sir Robt. Walpole, k.o. ;

and ch. ex.
Geo. Dodington, aft. lord

Melcombc.
Wm. , Lord Sundon.
Thos. Winnington.
Giles Earle.

1741.
Sir Robt. Walpole, k.g. ;

and ch. ox.
Thos. Winnington.
Giles Earle.
Goo. Troby.
Thos. Clutterbuck.

THE BOOK OP DIGNITIES.

157

Feb. 16, 1742.
Spencek, E. of Wilming-
ton, K.G.
Saml. Sandys, ch. ex.
Hon. Geo. Compton.
Sir John Rushout, bt.
Philip Gibbons.

Aug. 25, 1743.
Hy. Pelham ; and ch. ex.
Hon. Geo. Compton, aft. E.

of Northampton.
Philip Gibbons.
Chas. E. of Middlesex, aft.

D. of Dorset.
Hy. Fox, aft. lord Holland.

Dec. 25, 1744.
Hy. Pelham ; and ch. ex.
Charles, E. of Middlesex.
Hy. Fox.

Hon. Richd. Arundel.
Geo. Lyttelton.

June 1746.
Hy. Pelham ; and ch. ex.
Chas., E. of Middlesex.
Geo. Lyttelton, aft. sir G.

and Id. Lyttelton.
Hon. Hy. Bilson Legge.
John Campbell.

June 1747.
Hy. Pelham ; and ch. ex.
Geo. Lyttelton.
Hon. Hy. Bilson Legge.
John Campbell,
Hon. Geo. Grenville.

May 1749.
Hy. Pelham ; and ch. ex.
Geo. Lyttelton.
John Campbell.
Hon. Geo. Grenville.
Hon Hy. Vane, aft. E. of
Darlington.

Mar. 18, 1754.
Thos. PelhamHolles, D. of
Newcastle, first commr.

April 6, 1754.
Thos. Pelham Holles, D.

of Newcastle.
Hy., E. of Darlington.
Hon. H. B. Legge, ch. ex.
Thos., vise. Dupplin, aft. E.

of Kinnoul.
Robt.Nugent, aft. E. Nugent.

Nov. 22, 1755.
Thos. Pelham Holles, D,

OF Newcastle.
Hy., E. of Darlington.

Sir Geo. Lyttelton, bt. , ch. ex.
Thos., vise. Dup23lin.
Robt. Nugent.

Dec. 20, 1755.
Thos. Pelham Holles, D.
OF Newcastle.

Sir Geo. Lyttelton, bt.,

ch. ex.
Robt. Nugent.
Percy Wyndham O'Bryen.
Hy. Furnese.

Nov. 16, 1756.
Wm., D. of Devonshire.
Hon. H. B. Legge, ch. ex.
Robt. Nugent.
Wm. vise. Duncannon.
Hon, Jas. Grenville.

July 2, 1757.
Thos. Pelham Holles, D.

of Newcastle.
Hon. H. B. Legge, ch. ex.
Robt. Nugent.
Wm., vise. Duncannon, aft.

E. of Besborough.
Hon. Jas. Grenville,

June 2, 1759.
Thos. Pelham Holles, D.

of Newcastle.
Hon. H. B. Legge, ch. ex.
Robt. Nugent.
Hon. Jas. Grenville.
Fredk., lord North.

Dec. 22, 1759.
Thos. Pelham Holles, D.

of Newcastle.
Hon. H. B. Legge, ch. ex.
Hon. Jas. Grenville.
Fredk., lord North.
Jas. Oswald.

King George III.

Mar. 12, 1761.

Thos. Pelham Holles, D.

OF Newcastle.
Wm., vise. Barrington, ch.

ex.
Fredk., lord North,
Jas. Oswald.
Gilbert Elliot.

May 28, 1762.
John, E. of Bute.
Sir Fras. Dashwood, bt., aft.
lord le Despencer, ch. ex.
Fredk., lord North.
Jas. Oswald.
Sir John Turner, bt.

April 15, 1763.
Geo. Grenville, and ch.

ex.
Fredk., lord North,
Sir John Turner, bt.
Thos. Orby Hunter,
Jas, Harris,

July 10, 1765,
Chas. , M. of Rockingham.
Wm. Dowdeswell, ch. ex.
Lord John Cavendish.
Thos. Townshend, aft. lord

Svdney.
Geo'; Onslow, aft. Id. Cran-

ley, and Id. Onslow.

Aug. 2, 1766.
Aug. Hy. , D. of Grafton.
Hon. Chas. Townshend, ch.

ex.
Thos. Townshend.
Geo. Onslow.
Pryse Campbell.

Dec. 1, 1767.
Aug. Hy. , D. of Grafton.
Fredk., lord North, ch. ex.
Geo. Onslow.
Pryse Campbell.
Chas. Jenkinson.

Dec. 31, 1768.
Aug. Hy. , D. of Grafton.
Fredk., lord North, ch. ex.
Geo. Onslow.
Chas. Jenkinson.
Jeremiah Dyson

Feb. 6, 1770
Fredk. , lord North ; and

ch. ex.
Geo. Onslow.
Chas. Jenkinson, aft. lord

Hawkesbury.
Jeremiah Dyson.
Chas. Townshend.

Jan. 9, 1773.
Fredk., lord North; and

ch. ex.
Geo. Onslow.
Jeremiah Dyson.
Chas. Townshend.
Hon. Chas. Jas. Fox

Mar. 12, 1774.
Fredk. , lord North ; and

ch. ex.
Geo. Onslow.

Chas. Townshend.

Fras. Seymour Conway,

vise. Beauchamp.
Chas. Wolfran Coruewall.

158

June 5, 1777.

Fbedk. , LORD North : and
ch. ex.

Geo. Onslow, now Id. On-
slow and Cranlcy.

Fras., vise. Beauchamp.

Chas. Wolfran Cornewall.

Wm. Hy. , Id. Westcote.

Dec. 14, 1777.
Fredk. , i-ORD North ; and

ch. ex.
Fras., vise. Beauchamp.
Chas. Wolfran Cornewall.
Wm.Hy., Id. Westcote.
Henry, vise. Palmerston.

Sept. G, 1780.
Fkedk., LORD North; and

ch. ex.
Wm. Hy.,ld. Westcote.
Hy.,visc. Palmerston.
Sir Richd. Sutton, bt.
John BuUer.

Mar. 27, 1782.
Chas., il. of Rockingham.
Lord John Cavendish, ch.

ex.
Geo. John, vise. Althorpe.
Jas. Grenville.
Fredk. Monta^ru.

July 13, 1782.
Wm. , E. OF Shelburnf,.
Wm. Pitt, ch. ex.
Jas. Grenville.
Richd. Jackson.
Edwd. Jas. Elliot.

April 4, 1783.
Wm. Hy., D. of Portland.
Lord John Cavendish, ch.

ex.
Chas. , E. of Surrey.
Fredk. IMontagu.
Sir Grey Cooper, bt.

Dec. 27, 1783.
Wm. Pitt, and ch. ex.
Jas. , M. of Graham.
John Buller.
Edwd. Jas. Elliot
John Aubrey, aft. sir J.

Sept. 19, 1780.
Wm. Pitt ; and ch. ex.
Jas., M. of Graham.
Hon. Edwd. Jas. Elliot.
Sir John Aubrey, bt.
Bichd., E. of Mornin^fton.

April 8, 1781).
Wm. Pitt ; and ch. ex.
Hon. Edwd. Jas. Ellijt.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

I Richd., E. of Momington. |
d I John Jeffreys, vise. Bay-
I ham.
Hy. , lord Apsley.

June 20, 1791.
Wm. Pitt ; and ch. ex.
Hon. Edwd. Geo. Elliot.
Richd., E of Mornington.
.John Jeffreys, vise. Bay-
ham.
Richd. Hopkins.

June 22, 1793.
Wm. Pitt ; and ch. ex.
Richd. , E. of Mornington.
John Jeffreys, vise. Bay-
ham.
Richd. Hopkins.
Hon Jno. Thos. Townshcnd.

May 7, 1794.
Wm Pitt ; and ch. ex.
Richd., E. of Mornington.
Richd. Hopkins.
Hon. John Thos.Townshend
John Smyth.

Feb. 3, 1797.
Wm. Pitt ; and ch. ex.

Richd., E. of ^lornington.
Hon. John Thos.Towushend.
John Smyth.
Sylvester Douglas.

Aug. 3. 1797.
Wm. Pitt ; and ch. ex.
Hon. John Thos.Towushend.
John Smyth.
Sylvester Douglas.
Chas. Small Pybus.

July 28, ISOl).
Wm. Pitt ; and ch. ex.
John Smyth.

S. Douglas, lord (Jlcnbervie.
Chas. Small Pybus.
Lord Granville Lovoson
Gower.

Dec. 9, 1800.
Wm. Pitt; and ch. ox.
John Smyth.
Chas. Siiall Pybus.
Lord Granville Lovoson

Gower.
John Hiley Addington.

Mar. 21, 1801.
Hy. Ai)DiN(iTO>; ; and oh. ex.
John Smyth.
Chas. Small Pybus.
Lord Geo. Thynno.
Nathl. Bond.

July 5, 1802.
Hy. Addington: and ch.ex.
Chas. Small Pybus.
Lord Geo. Thynne.
Nathl. Bond.
John Hiley Addington.

Nov. 13, 1803.
Hy. Addington ; and ch.ex.
Chas. Small Pybus.
Lord Geo. Thynne.
Nathl. Bond.
Hon. Wm. Brodrick.

Nov. 19, 1803.
Hy. Addington: and ch.ex.
Lord Geo. Thynne.
Nathl. Bond.
Hon. Wm. Brodrick.
Edwd. Golding.

May 16, 1804.
Wm. Pitt ; and ch. ex.
Geo., Id Lovaine.
Jas. Edwd., vise. Fitzharris
Hon. Hy. Wellesley.
Chas. Long.

Aug. 6, 1804.
Wm. Pitt ; and ch. ex.
Geo., Id. Lovaine.
Jas. Edwd., vise. Fitzharris
Chas. Long.
Geo., M. of Blandford.

Feb. 10, 180G.
Wm.. lord Grenville.
Lord Hy. Petty, ch. ex.
John Ciias., vise. Althorpe.
Wm. Wickham.
John Courtenay.

Mar. 31, 1807.
Wm. Hy., D. of Portland.
Spencer Perceval, ch. ex.
Wm. Hv., M. of Titchliel.l.
Hon. Wm. Eliot.
Wm. St urges Bourne.

Sept. IG. 1807.
Wm. Hy.,D. of Portland.
Spencer Perceval, ch. ex.
John Foster,
lion. Wm. Eliot.
Wm. Sturges Bourne.
Hon. Richd. Ryder.

Dec. 2, 1807.
Wm. Hy., D. of Portland.
Spencer Perceval, ch. ox.
John Foster.
Hon. Wm. Brodrick.
Hon. Win. Eliot.
Wm. Sturges Bourne.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Dec. G, 1809.

Spencer Perceval ; and

ch. ex.
John Foster.
Hon. Wm. Brodrick.
Hon. Wm. Eliot.
John Otway, E. of Desart.
Snowden Barne.

June 23, 1810.

Spencer Perceval ; and

ch. ex.
John Foster.
Hon. Wm. Brodrick.
Hon. Wm. Eliot.
Snowden Barne.
Hon. Berkeley Paget.

Jan. 0, 1812.
Spencer Perceval ; and

ch. ex.
Hon. Wm. Wellesley Pole.
Hon. Wm. Brodrick.
Snowden Barne.
Hon. Berkeley Paget.
Richd. Wellesley.

June Iti, 1812.
RoBT., E. OF Liverpool.
Nicholas Vansittart, ch. ex.
Snowden Barne.
Hon. Berkeley Paget.

Oct. 5, 1812.
RoBT. , E. OF Liverpool.
Nichs. Vansittart, ch. ex.
Wm. Vesey Fitzgerald.
Hon. Berkeley Paget.

lot)

Fdk. Jno. Robinson, aft. vise.

Goderich, and E. of Ripon.
Jas. Brogden.

Nov. 25, 1813.
RoBT. , E. OF Liverpool.
Nichs. Vansittart, aft. Id.

Bexley, ch. ex.
Wm. Vesey Fitzgerald.
Hon. Berkeley Paget.
Jas. Brogden.
Wm., vise. Lowther.
Dec. 20, 1813.
RoBT. , E. OF Liverpool.
Nichs. Vansittart, ch. ex.
Wm. Vesey Fitzgerald.
Hon. Berkeley Paget.
Wm. , vise. Lowther.
Chas. Grant, jun.

Revenues of Geeat Britain and Ireland united,
UNDER 56 Geo. III., c. 98.

Lord Treasurers, &c., op the United Kingdom.

Jan. 7, 1817.
RoBT., E. of Liverpool.

Nichs. Vansittai-t, ch. ex.
Hon. Berkeley Paget.
Wm., vise. Lowther.
Chas. Grant, jun.
John Maxwell Barry.
Wm. O'Dell. The two last
from the Irish Treasury.

Mar. 25, 1819.
RoBT.j E. OF Liverpool.
Nichs. Vansittart, ch. ex.
Hon. Berkeley Paget.
Wm., vise. Lowther.
Lord Granville Chas. Hy.

Somerset.
John Maxwell Barry.
Ednid. Alexr. MacNaughten

Feb. 10, 1823.
RoBT., E. OF Liverpool,

K.G.

Fredk. John Robinson,

ch, ex.
Hon. Berkeley Paget.
Wm., vise. Lowther.
Lord Granville Chas. Hy.

Somerset.
John Maxwell Barry.
Edmd. Alexr. MacNaughten.

May 3, 1823.
Rout., E. of Liverpool,

COSOIISSIONERS.

Fredk. John Robinson,

ch. ex.
Hon. Berkeley Paget.
Wm. , vise. Lowther.
Lord Granville Chas. Hy.

Somerset.
Edmd. Alexr. MacNaughten.

June 13, 1826.
RoBT., E. OF Liverpool,

K.G.

Fredk. John Robinson,

ch. ex.
Wm., vise. Lowther.
Lord Granville Chas. Hy.

Somerset.
Eras. Nathl. Conyngham,

E. of Mount Charles.
Edmd. Alexr. MacNaughten.

Apr. 30, 1827.
Geo. Canning, and ch. ex.
Fras. Nathl., E. of Mount

Charles.
Lord Fras. Leveson Gower.
Edwd. Granville, lord Eliot.
Edmd. Alexr. ^MacNaughten.

July 31, 1827.
Geo. Canning, and ch. ex.
Fras. Nathl., E. of Mount

Charles.
Lord Fras. Leveson Gower.
Edwd. Granville, lord Eliot.
Maurice Fitzgerald.
Edmd. Alexr. MacNaughten.

Sept, 8, 1827.
Fredk, John Robinson, cr.

vise. Goderich.
John Chas. Herries, ch. ex.
Fras. Nathl., E. of Mount

Charles.
Edwd. Granville, lord Eliot.
Maurice Fitzgerald.
Edmd. Alexr. MacNaughten.

Jan. 26, 1828.

Arthur, D. of Welling-
ton, K.G.

Hy. Goulburn, ch. ex.

Lord Granville Chas. Hy.
Somerset.

Fras. Nathl., E. of Mount
Charles.

Edwd. Granville, lord Eliot.

Edmd. Alexr. MacNaughten.

Apr. 24, 1830.

Arthur, D. of Welling-
ton, K.G.

Hy. Goulburn, ch. ex.

Lord Granville Chas. Hy.
Somerset.

Edwd. Granville, lord Eliot.

Geo. Bankes.

Edmd. Alexr. MacNaughten.

July 24, 1830.
Arthur, D. of Welling-
ton, K.G.
I Hy. Goulburn, ch. ex.

160

Lord Granville Chas. Hy.

Somerset.
Edwd. Granville, lord Eliot.
Geo. Bankes.
Wm. Yates Peel.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Nov. 24, 1830.
Chas., E. Grky,k.g.
John Chas. , vise. Althorpe,

ch. ex.
Geo. , lord Nugent.
Kobt. Vernon Smith.
Fras. Thomhill Baring.
Hon. Geo. Ponsonby.

Nov. 22, 1832.
Chas.. E. Gkey, k.g.
John Chas., vise. Althorpe,

ch. ex.
Robt. Vernon Smith.
Fras. Thomhill Baring
Hon. Geo. Ponsonby.
Thos. Fras. Kennedy.

Apr. 9, 1834.
Chas., E. Grey, k.g.
John Chas., vise. Althorpe,

ch. ex.
Robt. Vernon Smith.
Fras. Thornhill Baring.
Hon. Geo. Ponsonby.
Robt. Graham.

June 20, 1834.
Chas., E. Grey, k.g.
John Chas., vise. Althorpe

ch. ex.
Robt. Vernon Smith.
Hon. Geo. Ponsonby.
Robt. Graham.
Capt. Geo. Stevens Byng.

July 18, 183*.
Wm. vise. Melbourne.
John Chas., vise. Althorpe,

ch. ex.
Robt. Vernon Smith.
Hon. Geo. Ponsonby.
Robt. Graham, and
Capt. Geo. Stevens Byng.

Nov. 21, 1834.

Arthur, D. of Welling-
ton, K.G.

Jas., E. of Rosslyn, g.c.b.

Edwd. Id. Ellcjiborough.

Wm., Id. Maryborogh.

Sir John Beckct, bt.

Joseph Planta.

Tho duke of Wellington

held oilico pruvisionally,

waiting the return of sir

Robt. Peel from Italy.

Dec. 26, 1834.
Sir Robt. Peel, bt., and

ch. ex.
Wm. Yates Peel.
Hy. Pelham Clinton, E. of

Lincoln.
Wm. David, vise. Stormont.
Chas. Ross.
W'm. Ewart Gladstone.

Mar. 14, 1835.
Sir Robert Peel, bt., and

ch. ex.
Wm. Yates Peel.
Hy. Pelham Clinton, E. of

Lincoln.
Wm. David, vise. Stormont.
Chas. Ross.
John NicoU.

Apr. 18, 1835.
Wm., vise. Melbourne.
Thos. Spring Rice, aft. Id.

Monteagle, ch. ex.
Edwd. Adolphus Seymour,

lord Seymour.
Wm. Hy. Ord.
Robt. Steuart.

May 16, 1835.
Wm., vise. Melbol-rne.
Thos. Spring Rice, ch. ex.
Edwd. Adolphus, Id. Sey

mour.
Wm. Hy. Ord.
Robt. Steuart.
Richd. More O'Ferral.

July 18, 1837.
Wm., vise. :Melbourne.
Thos. Spring Rice, ch. ex.
Edwd. Adolphus, Id. Sey-
mour.
Robt. Steuart.
Richd. More O'Ferral.
John Parker.

Aug. 28, 1839.
Wm., vise. Melbourne.
Fras. Thornhill Baring, ch.

Edwd. Adolphus, Id. Sey-
mour.
Robt. Steuart.
John Parker.
Thos. Wyso, jun.

Nov. 2, 1839.
Wm., vise. Melbourne.
Fras. Thornhill Baring, ch

John Parker.
Thos. Wyse, jun.
Hy. Tuffnell.

May 26, 1840.
Wm., vise. Melbourne.
Fras. Thomhill Baring, ch.

ex.
John Parker.
Thos. Wvse, jun.
Hy. Tuffnell.
Edwd. Horsman.

I June 23, 1841.

Wm., vise. Melbourne.
Fras. Thornhill Baring, ch.

Robt. Steuart.

Thos. Wyse, jun.
Hy. Tuffnell.
Edwd. Horsman.
Wm. Fras. Cowper.

Sept. 6, 1841.
Sir Robt. Peel, bt.
Hy. Goulburn, ch. ex.
Jas. Milne Gaskell.
Hy. Bingham Baring.
Alexr. Perceval.
Alexr. Pringle.

Sept. 16, 1841.
Sir Robt. Peel, bt.
Hy. Goulburn, ch. ex.
James :Milnes Gaskell.
Hy. Bingham Baring.
Alexr. Pringle.
John Young.

May 21, 1844.
Sir Robt. Peel, bt.
Hy. Goulburn, ch. ex.
Jas. :Milnes Gaskell.
Hy. Bingham Baring.
Alexr. Pringle.
Lord Arthur Lenox.

Apr. 26, 1845.
Sir Robt. Peel, bt.
Hy. Goulburn, ch. ex.
Jas. Milnes Gaskell.
Hy. Bingham Baring.
Lord Arthur Lenox.
Wm. Forbes Mackenzie.

Aug. 8, 1845.
Sib Robt. Peel, bt.
Hy. Goulburn, ch. ox.
Jas. Milnes Gaskell.
Hy. Bingham Baring.
W"m. Forbes Mackenzie.
Wm. Cripps.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

161

Mar. 11, 1846.

Sir Robt. Peel, bt.

Hy. Goulbnrn, ch. ex.

Hy. Bingham Baring.

Wna. Cripps.

Hon. Swynfen Thos. Car-
negie.

Ralph Neville.

July 6, 1846.

Lord John Russell, aft.
E. Russell.

Chas. Wood, ch. ex.

Hugh, vise. Ebrington.

The O'Conor Don.

Wm. Gibson Craig.

Hy. Rich.

Aug. 6, 1847.

Lord John Russell.

Sir Chas. Wood, bt., ch. ex.

Hugh, vise. Ebrington.

Wm. Gibson Craig.

Hy. Rich.

Richd. Montesquieu Bellew.

Dec. 24, 1847.
Lord John Russell.
Sir Chas. Wood, bt, ch. ex.
Wm. Gibson Craig.
Hy. Rich.

Richd. Montesquieu Bellew.
Hy.,E. of Shelburne, retd. ,
Aug. following.
On the retirement of lord
Shelburne, the office of
one of the junior lord-
ships of the treasury
was abolished.

Feb. 28, 1852, G.

Edavd. Geoffrey, E. of
Derby.

Benjn. Disraeli, ch. ex.

Richd. P. C. T. N., M. of
Chandos.

Lord Hy. Geo. Chas. Gor-
don Lennox.

Thos. Bateson.

Jan. 1, 1853, G.
Geo. Hamilton, E. of

Aberdeen.
Wm. Ewart Gladstone, ch.

ex.
Lord Alfred Hervey.
Hon. Fras. Wemyss Char-

teris.
Jno. Sadleir.

Mar. 6, 1854, G.
Geo. Hamilton, E. of

Aberdeen, k.t.
Wm. E. Gladstone, ch. ex.
Lord Alfred Hervey.
Lord Elcho.
Chichester Saml.Fortescue.

Feb. 10, 1855, G.

Hy. Jno., vise. Palmers-
ton, (i.C.li.

Wm. Ewart Gladstone, ch.
ex.

Lord Alfred Hervej'.

Lord Elcho.

Chichester Saml. Fortescue.

Mar. 7, 1855, G.
Hy. Jno., vise. Palmers-
ton, g.c.b.

Sir Geo. Cornewall Lewis,

bt., ch. ex.
Chas Stanley, vise. Monck.
Adam Duncan Haldane, c.c.

vise. Duncan.
Chichester Saml. Fortescue.

Apr. 16, 1855, G.

Hy. Jno., vise. Palmers-
ton, K.C.B.

Sir Geo. Cornewall Lewis,
bt., ch. ex.

Chas. Stanley, vise. Monck.

Adam Duncan Haldane, c.c.
vise. Duncan.

Hon. Hy. Bouverie Wm.
Brand.

Mar. 1, 1858, G.

Edwd. Geoffrey, E. of
Derby.

Benjn. Disraeli, ch. ex.

Lord Hy. Geo. Chas. Gor-
don Lennox.

Thos. Edwd. Taylor.

Hy. Whitmore.

Mar. 15, 1859, G.
Edwd. Geoffrey-, E. of

Derby.
Benjn. Disraeli, ch. ex.
Thos. Edwd. Taylor.
Hy. Whitmore.
Peter Blackburn.

June 24, 1859, G.
Hy. Jno., vise. Palmers-
ton, K.G.

Wm. Ewart Gladstone, ch.

ex.
Edwd. Hugessen Knatch-

buU-Hugessen.
Sir Wm. Dunbar, bt.
Jno. Bagwell.

Mar. 25, 1862, G.

Hy. Jno., vise. Palmers-
ton, K.G.

Wm. Ewart Gladstone, ch.
ex.

Edwd. Hugessen Knatch-
bull-Hugessen.

Sir Wm. Dunbar, bt.

Lt.-Col Luke White.

Apr. 21, 1865, G.

Hy. Jno., vise. Palmers-
ton, K.G.

Wm. Ewart Gladstone, ch.
ex.

Edwd. Hugessen Knatch-
buU-Hugessen.

Wm. Patrick Adam.

Lt.-Col. Luke White.

Nov. 6, 1865, G.
Jno, E. Russell.
Wm. E. Gladstone, ch. ex.
Edwd. Hugessen Knatch-

bull-Hugessen.
Lt.-Col. Luke White.
Wm. Patrick Adam.

June 2, 1866, G.
Jno., E. Russell, k.g.
Wm. E. Gladstone, ch. ex.
Jno. Bonham-Carter.
Wm. Patrick Adam.
Jno. Esmonde.

July 12, 1866, G.
Edwd. Geoffrey, E. of

Derby, k.g.
Benjn. Disraeli, ch. ex.
Hon. Gerard Jas. Noel.
Sir Graham Graham ]Mont-

gomery, bt.
Hy. Whitmoi-e.

Feb. 29, 1868, G.
Benjn. Disraeli, aft. E.

OF Beaconsfield.
Geo. Ward Hunt, ch. ex.
Gerard Jas. Noel.
Sir Graham Graham ]\Iont-

gomery, bt.
Hy. Whitmore.

Nov. 2, 1868, G.
Benjn. Disraeli.
Geo. Ward Hunt, ch. ex.
Claud Jno. Hamilton, c.c.

lord C. J. Hamilton.
Sir Graham Graham IMout-

gomery, bt.
Hy. Whitmore.

Dec. 16, 1868, G.
Wm. Ewart Gladstone.
Robt. Lowe, ch. ex.
Jas. Stansfeld. jun.
Hy. Chas. Keith, M. of

Lansdowne.
Wm. Patrick Adam.
Hon. Jno. Cranch Walker

Vivian.

Nov. 2, 1869, G.
Wm. Ewart Gladstone.
Robt. Lowe, ch. ex.
11

162

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

M. of

Hy. Chas. Keith,

Lansdowne.
Wm. Patrick Adam.
Hon. Jno. Cianch Walker

Vivian.
Wm. Hy. Gladstone.

Aug. S, 1873, G.
Wji. Ewart Gladstone,

eh. ex.
Fredk. Chas. Cavendish, c.c.

lord F. C. Cavendish.
Wm. Hy. Gladstone.
Hon. Algernon Wm. Fulke

Grevillc

Mar. 4, 1874, G.

Benjn. Disraeli.

Sir Stafford Hy. Xorthcote,

bt., ch. ex.
Arthur Philip Hy. Stanhope,

c.c. vise. Mahon.
Rowland ^Yinn.
Sir Jas. Dalrymple Howard

Elphinstone, bt.

Feb. 16, 1876, G.

Benjn. Disraeli, (or. vise.

Hughenden, and E. of

Beaconsfield, Aug. 16,

1876.)
Sir Stafford Hy. Xorthcote,

bt. , ch. ex.
Jno. Hy. Crichton, c.c. vise.

Cricbton.
Rowland Winn.
Sir Jas. Dalrymple Howard

Elphinstone, bt.

May r,, 1880, G.
Wm. Ewart Gladstone,

and ch. ex.
Sir Arthur Divett Hayter,

bt.
Jno. Holms.
Chas. Cecil Cotes.

Aug. 24, 1881, G.
W'M. Ewabt Gladstone,

and ch. ex.
Sir Arthur Divett Hayter,

bt.
Jno. Holms.
Chas. Cecil Cotes.
Herbert Jno. Gladstone.

June 26, 1882, G.
Wm. Ewart Gladstone,

and ch. ex.
Chas. Cecil Cotes.
Herbert Jno. Gladstone.
Robt. Wm. Duff.

Jan. 1, 1883, G.
Wm. Ewart Gladstonk.
Hugh Culling Eardley Chil-

ders, ch. ex.
Chas. Cecil Cotes.
Herbert Jno. Gladstone.
Robt. Wm. Duff.

June 29, 1885, G.

Sir Stafford Hy. Xorth-
Cote, bt.. G.c.iJ., first
Id., but under the pre-
miership of the M. of
Salisbury the for. sec.
cr. vise. St. Cyres and
E. of Iddesleigh, July 2,

i 1885.

Sir Michael Edwd. Hicks-
Beach, bt., ch. ex.

Chas. Dalrymple.

Hon. Sidnev Herbert.

Lt.-Col. Wm. Hood Wal-
rond.

Feb. 13, 1886, G.

Wm. Ewart Gladstone.
Sir Wm. Geo. Granville

Venables Vernon Har-

court, ch. ex.
Sir Edwd. Jas. Reed, k.c.b.
Cyril Flower.
Geo. (4ranville Leveson-

Gower.

Aug. J), 1886, G.

Robt. Arthur Talbot, M.
OF Salisbury.

Randolph IIv. S]>encer
Churchill, c.c. Id. K. H.
S. Clmrchill, ch. ex.

Hon. Sidney Herbert.

Col. Wm. Hood Walrond.

Sir Herbert Eustace Max-
well, bt.

Jan. 17, 1887, G.

Wm. Hy. Smith, first Id., but
under the premiership of
the ^I. of Salisbury, the
for. sec.

Geo. Joacliim Goschen, ch.
ex.

Hon. Sidney Herbert.

Col. Wm. Hood Walrond.

Sir Herbert Eustace Max-
well, bt.

SECRETARIES AND UNDER SECRETARIES TO THE
TREASURY.

The time of the first appointment of a secretary to the Treasury Board
is uncertain ; but it is presumed there must always have been a secre-
tary or some officer actino; in that capacity to the lord treasurer, or the
board. It is probable that Lord Burleigh was the first treasurer who
used a secretary to notify his directions to the officers of the receipt
side of the exchequer. Sir George Downing was secretary in May 1667.
In the reign of James II., when the earl of Rochester was treasurer, he
had two secretaries, Henry Guy and Francis Gwyn, as is stated in a
subsequent Treasury Minute Book (year 1711). In the Treasury
Minute Book, 1695, No. 6, page 12, is the following memorandum:

" This evening the king was graciously pleased to bestow on me the
place of Secretary to the Troasury." " William Lowndes."

Fron this it would ai)pear that there was only one secretary in 1695,

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

16S

as Mr. Lowndes distinctly states the place of secretary to have been
bestowed upon him. It is quite certain there were two secretaries in
1714.

Both the secretaries to the Treasury are political oflElcers who go out
of office with their party. One is termed the " jjarliamentary " or
"patronage" secretary, and generally acts as the principal government
" whip " in the House of Commons. The other is termed the " finan-
cial " secretary, and attends to what is, really, Treasury business.

Besides the two political secretaries there is a permanent official
formerly called the " assistant," but now called the " permanent " secre-
tary.

Seceetaries to the Treasury.

From the accession of George III.

Jas. West, and

In
1760.

Saml. Martin
17G2. Saml. Martin, and

Jeremiah Dyson, May 29.

1763. Jeremiah Dyson, and
Chas. Jenkinson, Apr. 16.

1764. Chas. Jenkinson, and
Thos. Whateley, Apr. 5.

1765. \Vm. M?llish, and
Chas. Lowndes, July 12.

1765. Chas. Lowndes, and
Grey Cooper, July 30.

1766. Grey Cooper, and
Thos. Bradshaw, Aug. 2.

1770. Sir Grey Cooi^er, bt., and

John Robinson, Feb. 6.
1782. Hy. Strachey. and

Edwd. Chamberlain, Mar. 29.
1782. Hy. Strachey, and

Richd. Burke, Apr.

1782. Thos. Orde, and
Geo. Rose, July 15.

1783. Richd. Brinsley Sheridan, and
Richd. Burke, Apr. 5.

1783. Geo. Rose, and

Thos. Steele, Dec. 27.
1791. Geo. Rose, and

Chas. Long.

1801. John Hiley Addington, Mar. 24 ; and
Nichls. Vansittart, Apr. 9.

1802. Nichls. Vansittart, and
John Sargent.

1804. Wm. Huskisson, and

Wm. Sturges Bourne, May 21.

1806. Nichls. Vansittart, and
John Iving, Feb. 10.

1806. Nichls. Vansittart, and
Wm. Henry Fremantle.

1808. Wm. Huskisson, and
Hon. Hy. Wellesley.

1809. Richd. Wharton, and
Chas. Arbuthnot.

1814. Chas. Arbuthnot, and

Stephen Rumbold Lushington.

1823. Stephen Rumbold Lushington, and
John Chas. Herries, Feb. 7.

1827. Jos. Planta, vice Lushington, Apr.

19, and
Thos. Frankland Lewis, vice Har-
ries, Sept. 4.

1828. Geo. Robt. Dawson, vice Lewis, Jan.

28.
1830. Thos. Spring Rice, and

Edw. Ellice, Nov. 26.
1832. Chas. Wood, rire Ellice, Aug. 10.
1834. Fras. Thornhill Baring, vice Spring
Rice, June 6

1834. Sir Geo. Clerk, bt., Dec. 19.

Sir Thos. Fras. Fremantle. bt. , Dec.
20.

1835. Fras. Thornhill Baring, and
Edwd. J. Stanley, Apr. 21.

1839. Robt. Gordon, vice Baring, Sept.

6.
1841. Richd. More O'Ferral, June 9.

Sir Denis Le Marchant, June 19.

1844. Sir Geo. Clerk, bt. , and
John Young, May 21.

1845. Edwd. Cardwell, vice Clerk, Feb. 4.

1846. Hy. Tufnell, and
John Parker, July 7.

1849. Wm. Goodenough Hayter, vice

Parker, May 22.

1850. Geo. Cornewall Lewis, aft. sir G.,

bt., vice Tufnell, July 9.

1852. Geo. Alex. Hamilton (Fin.), and
Wm. Forbes Mackenzie (Pari.),

Feb.

1853. Wm. Goodenough Hayter (Pari), and
Jas. Wilson (Fin.), Jan.

1858. Geo. Ales. Hamilton (Fin.); app.

perm, assist, sec, 1859, and
SirWm. Geo. Hilton Jolliffe(Parl.),
Mar.

1859. Samuel Laing (Fin.), and

Hon. Hy. Bouverie Wm. Brand, aft.
sir H. and vise. Hampden (Pari.),
Jime 9.
1859. Fredk. Peel (Fin.), vice Laing.

1865. Hugh Culling Eardley Childers

(Fin.), vice Peel.

1866. Thos. Edwd. Taylor (Pari.), and
Geo. Ward Hunt (Fin.), July.

11 •

164

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1868. Geo. Sclater Booth (Fin.), vice Hunt,
Feb.

1868. Hon. Geo. Grenfell Glynn, aft. lord

Wolverton (Pari.), and
Acton 8mee Aj-rton (Fin.), Dec.

1869. Jas. Stansfeld (Fin.), vice Ayrton,

Oct.

1871. Wm. Edwd. Baxter (Fin.) ivce Stans-
feld, Auc(.

1873. Arthur Wellesley Peel (Pari.), vice
Glyn, Au^.

1873. John Geo. Dodson, aft. lord Monk-

Bretton (Fin.), vice Baxter.

1874. Wm. Hart Dyke, aft. sir W., bt.,

(Pari.), and
Wm. Hy. Smith (Fin.). Feb.
1877. Col. Fredk. Arthur Stanley, aft. lord
Stanley of Preston (Fin.), vice
Smith, Aug.

1878. Sir Hy. Jno. Selwin-Ibbetson (Fin.),

vice Stanley, Apr.
1880. Lord Richard Grosvenor (Pari.), and
Lord Fredk. Cavendish (Fin.), Apr.
1882. Leonard Hy. Courtney (Fin.), vice

Cavendish, ilay.
1885. John Tomlinson Ilibbert (Fin.), rice

Courtney.
188.5. Aretas Akers-Douglas (Pari. ), and
Sir Hy. Thurstan Holland, aft. Id.

Knutsford (Fin.), June.
Sir Matthew White Ridley, bt.,
(Fin.), Sept.
188G. Wm. Lawies Jackson (Fin.), r/.
Ridley, Jan.
Arnold ]Morlev (Pari.), and
Hy. Hartley Fowler (Fin.), Feb.
Aretas Akers Douglas (Pari), and
Wm. Lawies Jackson (Fin.), Aug.
4 u, y.^ ^^>. '/«i*f I >^.;; lif ''rt. i^, nu

1886.

'$^'

Assistant or Permanent Secretaries to the Treasury.
From the institutiou of the Office.

Assistant Seceetakiks.

1805. Geo. Harrison, aft. sir Geo., Aug.

19.
1826. Wm. Hill, Feb. 24.
1828. Hon. Jas. Keith Stewart, July 4.

1836. Alexr. Young Speannan, aft. sir A.

bt.. Jan. 22.
1840. Chas. Edw. Trevelvan, aft. sir C.

bt., Jan. 21.
1859. Geo. Alex. Hamilton.

Permanent Secretaries

18G7. Geo. Alex. Hamilton, above named.
1870. Ralph Robt. Wheeler Lingen, c.b.,
aft. sir R., K.c.ii;c,.LUL^fc^ //^y

1885. Sir Reginald Earle

Welby,

CHANCELLORS OF THE EXCHEQUER.

The Chancellor of the Exchequer is one of the lords of the treasury,
except on particular emergencies, when the office is held by the lord
chief justice of the queen's bench.

Chancellors of the Exchequer.
From the restoration of King Charles II. to the present time.

The earlier chancellors will be found in the list of lord treasurers.

King Charles II.
1660. Sir Robt. Long, Sept. 8.
1667. Anthy, Id. Ashley, aft. E. of

Shaftesbury, May 24.
1672. Sir John Duncc/mbe, Not. 13.
1679. Hon. Lawrence Hyde, aft. vise.
Hyde and E. of Rocliestor, Mar.
26.
— Sir John Ernlo (Krnlev), Nov. 21.

King James II.
Sir John Ernley, contd.

William and ]Mart.

1689. Henry, Id. De la I\Iere, aft. E. of

Warrington, Apr. 8.

1690. Richd. llnmi)den, Mar. 18.

1694. Sidney, Id. Godoli)hin, and first
comuir. treas. ; aft. E. of Godol-
})hiu, May 3.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

165

King William III., alone.
1695. Chas. Montagu, Nov. 1.
1697. Chas. Montagu, and first commr.

treas, May 1.
1699. .John Smith, aft. sp. of the ho. of

commons, Nov. 15.
1701. Hon. Hy. Boyle, aft. baron Caiieton,

Mar. 29.

Queen Anne.
Hon. Hy. Boyle, contd.
1708. John Smith, again, Feb. 11.

1710. Robt. Harley, aft. E. of Oxford and

Mortimer, Aug. 10.

1711. Robt. Benson, aft. Id. Bingley, June

14.

1713. Sir Wm. Wyndham, bt., Nov. 1.

King George I.

1714. Sir Richd. Onslow, bt., jDreviously

sp. of the ho. of commons, Oct.
13 ; cr. Id. Onslow in 1716.

1715. Robt. Walpole, aft. sir Robt., and

first commr., treas., Oct. 11.

1717. Jas. Stanhope, and first Id. treas.,

aft. E. Stanhope, Apr. 15.

1718. John Aislabie, Mar. 18.

1721. Sir John Pratt, Id. ch. just, of the
k. h.,pro tern., Jan. 25.

— Robt. Walpole, again, and first Id.

treas., Apr. 3.

King George II.
Robt. Walpole, rontd.

1742. Saml. Sandys, aft. Baron Sandys,

Feb. 16.

1743. Hon. Hy. Pelham, and first Id.

treas., Aug. 25.

1754. Sir Wm. Lee, Id. ch. just, of the k.

h., pro teiii.. Mar. 9.

— Hon. Hy. Bilson Legge, Apr. 6.

1755. Sir Geo. Lyttelton, bt., aft. Id.

Lyttelton of Frankley, Nov. 22.

1756. Hon. Hy. Bilson Legge, again, Nov.

15.

1757. Wm., Id. Mansfield, Id. ch. just, of

the k. b., p7-o tern., Apr. 9.

— Hon. Hy. Bilson Legge, again,

July 2.

King George III.

1761. Wm. Wildman. vise. Barrington,

Mar. 12.

1762. Sir Eras. Dashwood, bt., aft. lord

Le Despencer, May 28.

1763. Geo. Grenville ; and first Id. treas.,

Apr. 15.

1765. Wm. Dowdeswell, July 10.

1766. Hon. Chas. Townshend, Aug. 2 ; d.

Sept. 4, 1767.

1767.

1770.

1782.
1783.

1801.

1804.
1806.

1807.
1809.

1812.

Wm., Id. Mansfield, Id ch. just, of
the k. b., pj-o fern., Sept. 12.

Fredk., Id. North, Dec. 10.

Fredk., Id. North, again, and first
Id. treas., Feb. 10.

Lord John Cavendish, Mar. 27.

Wm. Pitt, July 13.

Lord John Cavendish, again, Apr. 4,

Wm. Pitt, again, and first Id,
treas., Dec. 27.

Hy. Addington, and first Id. treas. ;
previously sp. of the ho. of com-
mons ; aft. vise. Sidmouth, Mar.
21.

Wm. Pitt, again, and first Id. treas.,
May 16.

Edwd., Id. Ellenborough, Id. ch.
just, of the k. b., on Mi. Pitt's de-
cease, ;jro tein., Jan.

Lord Hy. Petty, aft. M. of Lans-
downe, Feb. 10.

Spencer Perceval, Mar. 31.

Spencer Perceval, again, and first
Id. treas., Dec. 6 ; assass. May 11,
1812.

Nicholas Vansittart, June 9.

King George IV.

Nicholas Vansittart, contd.; res. Jan.
1823; and cr. Id. Bexley, Mar.
1, 1823.
1823. Fredk. John Robinson, aft. vise.
Goderich and E. of Ripon, Jan.
3L

1827. Geo. Canning, and first Id. treas.,

Apr. 24 ; d. Aug. 8, same year.

— John Chas. Herries, Aug. 17.

1828. Hy. Goulburn, Jan. 26.

King William IV.

Hy. Goulburn, contd.
1830. John Chas., vise. Althorpe, aft.
E. Spencer, Nov. 22.

1834. Thos., Id. Denman, Id. ch. just, of

the k. h.,pro tem., Dec. 2.

— Sir Robt. Peel, bt., and first Id.

treas., Dec. 10.

1835. Thos. Spring Rice, aft. Id. Mont-

eagle, Apr. 18.

QoEEN Victoria.
Thos. Spring Rice, contd. ; cr. lord
Monteagle in Sept. 1839.
1839. Fras. Thornhill Baring, aft. sir

Eras., bt., Aug. 26.
1841. Hy. Goulburn, again, Sept. 3.
1846. Chas. Wood, aft. sir Chas., bt.,
July 6.

In some instances the date of the commission to the lords of the
treasury instead of that of the separate appointment of the Chancellor

166

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES

of the Exchequer is adopted in the preceding list. In the following list
the date when the chancellor was sworn is adopted.

1852. Benjn. Disraeli, aft. E. of Beacons-
field, Feb. 27.

— Wm. Ewart Gladstone, Dec. 30.
1855. Sir Geo. Cornewall Lewis, bt.,

Mar. 5.

1858. Benjn. Disraeli, wjain, Feb. 28.

1859. Wm. Ewart Gladstone, again, June

18.
Benjn. Disraeli, aqnin, July 6.
Geo. Ward Hunt, Feb. 29.

— Robt. Lowe, Dec. 9.

1873. Wm. Ewart Gladstone, again, and
first Id. treas., Aug. 11.

18G6.

1868,

1874. Sir Staftord Hy. Northcote, bt., aft.

E. of Iddesleigh, Feb. 21.
1880. Wm. Ewart Gladstone, again, and

first Id. treas., Apr. 28.
1882. Hugh Culling Eardley Childers

Dec. IG.

1885. Sir Michael Edwd. Hicks-Beach, bt.,

June 24.

1886. Sir Wm. Geo. Granville Vernon

Harcourt, Feb. G.

1886. Lord Randolph Hy. Spencer

Churchill, Aug. 6.

1887. Geo. Joachim Goschen, Jan. 14.

THE TWO CHAMBERLAINS OF THE EXCHEQUER.

From the restoration of King Charles II. to the abolition of the oflSce
in 1826 under 23 Geo. HI., cap. 82.

1.

1660. Hy. Hildeyerd, adm. July 27, "to
the office formerly had by sir
Edwd. Bash, deed.," under pat.
dated July 10.

1675. Philip Hildeyerd, son of the fore-
going, adm. under pat. dated
Feb. 16 ; including the reversion
to

* * Chas. Cole, son of Hy. Cole. His
admission under the preceding
pat. is not recorded.

1712. Sir Simeon Stuart, bt. (grandson
and heir of sir Nichs. Steward or
Stuart, formerly a chamberlain,
see bf'low), adm. July 8, under
pat. dated July 7.

1761. Sir Simeon Stuart, bt., son of the
foregoing; by pat. dated Dec. 12.

1779. Hon. Fredk. North, aft. E. of

Guildford, by pat. dated Dec.
13 ; office sun-, by him. Oct. 10.
1826.

2.

1660. Sir Nichs. Steward or Stuart, bt.,

adm IGGO, " to the

office formerly had by sir Nichs.
Carew, alias Throckmorton,
deed.," under pat. dated Oct. 1,
this year.

1710. Sir Wm. Ashburnham, bt. , adm.
June 15, under pat. dated May
25, preceding ; d. Nov. 8. 1755.

1755. Sir John Miller, bt., adm. Nov.
. ., under pat. in reversion,
dated Apr. 7 preceding.

1772. Montagu Burgoyne, by pat. dated
July 17 ; office surr. by him»
Oct. 10, 1826.

AUDITORS OF THE RECEIPT OF THE EXCHEQUER.

From the restoration of King Charles II. to the abolition of the office in
1834 under 4 & 5 Will. IV., cap. 15.

1660. Sir Robt. Pye, bt., adm. Jan. 24, I 1673. Sir Robt. Howard, adm. July 14.

1620 ; rest. June 25, 1660. I 1698. Chris. Montagu, adm. Sept. 5 ; surr.

1662. Sir Robt. Long, bt., adm. May 21. | 1699.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1(;7

161)!). Chas. Montagu, aft. baron and E. of
Halifax, adm. Nov. 17 ; res. 1714.

1714. Geo. Montagu, adm. Sept. 30 ; succ.
as E. of Halifax.

1739. Robt. , lord Walpole, adm. May 9 ;
succ. his father as E. of Orfoi-d.

1751. Hy., E. of Lincoln, aft. D. of New-
castle, by const, dated Apr. 1.

1794. Wm. Wyndham, baron Grenville,
by const, dated Feb. 27.

1834. Geo., baron Auckland, bj' const,
dated Jan. 14.
Office abolished Oct. 10, 1834.

THE FOUR TELLERS OP THE RECEIPT OF THE
EXCHEQUER.

Prom the restoration of King Charles II. to the abolition of the office in
1834 under 4 & 5 Will. IV., cap. 15.

1.

16G0. Geo. Downing, aft. sir G., bt.,contd.

in the office bv Oliver Cromwell,

Sept. 8, 1«56 ; *(/. July, 1684.
1684. Simon Clifford, pat. dated June 3,

1671. Forfeited as a " recu.sant

papist," 1689.
1681). Thos. Howard, adm. Jan. 16.

1701. Sir John Stanley, bt., adm. July 11,

under pat. dated July 8, during
pleasure only ; determined by the
next grant.

1702. Jas. Vernon, late sec. st.; pat. dated

June 29 ; during pleasure only.
1710. John Smith, late ch. ex., adm. Oct.

13 ; during pleasure only.
1712. Thos., Id. Mansell, adm." July 23;

during pleasure only.
1714. John Smith, re-adm. Nov. 6 ; during

pleasure only ; d. Oct. 1723.
1724. Geo. Treby, adm. Apr. 25; during

pleasure only ; " removed."
1727. Thos. Townshend, adm. Aug. 12.
1780. John Jeffreys Pratt, aft. E. and M.

Camden, bv pat. dated Aug. 18,

1766.
Office abolished Oct. 10, 1834.

2.

1660. Leonard Pinckney, adm. July 25, by

pat. dated July 16 ; during the
life of his son, " into the place
formerly occupied by John Brooke,
esq., deceased."

1661, Wm. Pinckney, adm. in his father's

place. Jan. 28.
1667. Sir Wm. Doyly, adm. Mar. 19.

Susp. Jan. 25, 1673, and on Nov.

17, 1677, two deputies were app.

to act in his stead by Id. treas.

warrant, Aug. 15, 1678 ; d. April

1680.
1680. Geo. Downing, jun, aft. sir Geo., bt.,

adm. Apr. 21. Refused to serve

king William, and so "abdicated"

in 1689.

j 1689. Hy, Maynard, adm. Apr. 16.
i 1694. Guy Palmes, adm. Monday, . . .
under pat. dated Oct. 24 ; " re-
j moved," 1702.

1702. Sir Christ. Musgrave, bt., adm,

June 30.
1704. Fras. Robartes, adm. Sept. ; quitted

office, Oct. 27, 1710.
1710. Russell Robarts, adm. Oct. 31.

1714. John, Id. De la Warr, adm. Nov. 6.

1715. Sir Richd. Onslow, bt., aft. Id,
j Onslow, adm. Nov. 7.

I 1718. Thos., Id. Torrington, adm. Mar.
21 ; (/. May, 1719.

1719. Geo. Parker, aft. vise. Parker, and
E. of Macclesfield, adm. July 4,
under a pat. in reversion, dated
May 3, 1718.

1764. Geo. Grenville, jun., aft. Geo. Nu-
gent, E. Temple, and M. of
Buckingham, entered this office,
Mar. 21, under a pat. in reversion,
dated May 2, 1763; d. Feb.
1813.

1813. Spencer Perceval, entered this office
Feb. 16, under pat. dated Feb. 15.
Office abolished Oct. 10, 1834.

3.

1660. John Loving, adm. by royal sign
manual warrant, dated June 17,
on pat. dated Dec. 14, 18th Car. I.,
(1642), "into the place formerly
occupied by Authur Squibb, esq.,
deceased.'"

1693. Hy. Carew, adm. July 18.

1699. Fras. Godolphin, adm. June 8 ; surr.
in 1704.

1704. Thos. Coke, adm. May 26; ex-
changed with his successor, for
the office of v. chamb. to the
queen.

1706. Hon. Peregrine Bertie, adm. Dec.

1711. Geo. Hay, vise. Dupplin, aft. E. of
Kinnoull, adm. Sept. 6 ; during
pleasure only.

168

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1715. Sir Rof^or Mostyii, bt., adm. Jan. 8;

during' pleasure only.

1716. Richd. Hampden, adm. June 27 ;

during pleasure only.

1718. Tbos., Id. Onslow, adm. Mar. 21;
during pleasure only.

1741. Horatio Walpole, aft. Id. Walpole,
adm. Apr. 2S ; d. Feb. I7.")7.

17.57. Jas., E. of Waldegrave, entered
this oflBce about Feb. 1), under a
pat. in reversion, dated Nov. 6,
preceding.

1736. Hon. Robt. Henley, aft. succ. as E.
of Northington, entered this office
Apr. 13. under a pat. in reversion
dated July 22, 17.58.

1786. Edwd., Id. Thurlow, entered this
office July 13, when Id. chanc,
under a pat. in reversion, dated
June .5, 178-1.

1806. Hon. Wm. Fredk. Elliot Eden, en-
tered this office Sept. 15, under a
pat. in reversion, dated July 31,
1790 ; found drowned in the river
Thames. Feb. 24,1810.

1810. Hon. Chas. Philip Yorke, sw. Mar.
2, under a pat. dated Mar. 1 ; d.
Mar., 1834.

1834. Chas. Wm. Manningham (formerly
deputy to Mr. Yorke, from Mar. 3,
1810), app. by treas. minute,
Apr. 25. and bv pat. Apr. 29 ; sw.
May 10.
Office abolished. Oct. 10, 1834.

4.

1000. Laurence Squibb, adm. June this

year, under pat. in reversion.

dated June 9, Uth Car. I. (1635) ;

d. Dec. 1674.
1()74. Thos. Vernon, adm. Dec. 22.
1685. Fras. Villiers, sw. Feb. 23.
1694. John, vise. Fitzhardinge, adm. Feb.

16; d. Dec. 1712.
1713. Basil, E. of Denbigh, adm. Aug 31.
1715. Wm., Id. Paulet, adm. Nov. 7:

during pleasure only.
1729. Sir Chas. Turner, bt., adm. May 0 ;

during jjleasure only.
1738. Hon. Philip Yorke, aft. vise. Roy-

ston and E. of Hardwicke, adm.

Dec. 14, under a pat. in reversion,

dated Mar 9, 1737.
17S(i. Hy. Bathurst, Id. Apsley, aft. E.

Bathurst, pat. dated Aug. 22.
Office abolished, Oct. 10, 1834.

CLERKS OF THE PELLS.

From the restoration of KiriiJ- Charles II. to the abolition of the oflSce
in 1834 under 4 «fe 5 Will. IV. cap. 15.

1060. Wm. Wardour, adm. or rest. Julj- 7,
under constitution dated 17 Apr.,
22 Car. I. (1640), and confirmed
by patent, Aug. 22, this year.

1698. Hy. Pelham, adm. Feb. 1.

1721. Robt. Walpole, jun. (son of the jnime
minister), adm. Apr. 12, under
const, dated Apr. 5, preceding.
Aft. or. vita put r in, baron Wal-
pole. Surr. May 9, 1739. to take
the office of auditor of the Ex.

1739.

1784.

Edwd. Walpole, aft. sir E.. K.n.,

adm. May 9.
Isaac Barrc, by const., dated

Jan. 13.
Hy. Addington, junr. aft. hon. Hy.

by const., dated July 21.
Edwd. Roberts, by const. , dated July

21.
Hy. Ellis, by const., dated Jan. 25.
Office abolished Oct. 10, 1834.

COMPTROLLERS - GENERAL OF THE EXCHEQUER AND
AUDITORS-GENERAL OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTS.

On the abolition of tlu' offices of auditor and tellers of the exchequer,
and clerk of the pells, as from October 11, 1834, under 4 & 5 Will IV..
cap. 15, the office of Comptroller-General of the ExcHEtiUER was
created, to perform the functions of thesuppri'sst'd departments. As far
back as 1785 commissioners were appointed to audit the ])ublic accounts,

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

169

and numei'ous acts were passed defining their duties. By 28 & 29 Vict.,
cap. 23 (July 5, 1855), it was provided that on the next vacancy in the office
of comptroller-general of the exchequer the duties were to he performed
by the chairman for the time being of the audit commissioners. On
July 5, 1865, lord Monteagle, the then comptroller, surrendered his
ofiice, and on July 25, 1865, Sir Wm. Dunbar, the then audit chairman,
was appointed comptroller in his place. By 29 & 30 Vict., cap. 39, the
crown was empowered to appoint the person holding the ofiices of comp-
troller-general of the exchequer and chairman of the audit commissioners
to be comptroller-general of the exchequer and auditor-general of the
public accounts (now usually styled comptroller and aviditor-general),
and one of the audit commissioners to be assistant-comptroller and
auditor; and, on these appointments, the offices of comptroller- general
of the exchequer and of audit-commissioners were abolished.

The comptroller and his deputy hold office during good behaviour,
and are removable only on the joint address of both houses of parlia-
ment. They are thus rendered independent of the executive government
and are enabled to exercise freely their functions of considering the
strict legality of every payment demanded by the treasury for the
public service.

Comptkollers-General of the Exchequer.
Since the creation of the office, in 1834.

1834. Sir John Newport, Oct. 11.

1839. Thos., Id. Monteagle of Brandon,

Sept. 9 ; surr. his office July 5,

1865.

Sir Wm. Dunbar, bt. Chairman of
Audit. Commrs. App. under 28 &
29 Vict., cap. 23, July 25.

Comptrollers and Auditors-Gteneral.

TJnder 29 & 30 Vict., cap. 39.

1867. Sir Wm. Dunbar, bt., above named. Mar. 15, G. Res. Apr. 1888.
1888. Sir Chas. Lister Ryan, k.c.b., May.

Assistant Comptrollers and Auditors.
Under 29 & 30 Vict., cap. 39.

1867. Wm. Geo. Anderson, Mar. 15, G.

1873. Chas. Lister Ryan, aft. sir C, Mar.
^,20, G..

LORD HIGH ADMIRALS AND LORDS COMMIS-
SIONERS OF THE ADMIRALTY.

This, as may be readily supposed, is an office of the highest importance,
and in former times was frequently filled by the king himself, or by a
member of the royal family. For many years it has, like the office of
lord treasurer, been executed by commissioners, who are known as lords
of the admiralty. The first lord is always a cabinet minister, and some
of the other lords are also appointed on political grounds, and go out

170

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

with the ministry. There are, however, always one or two permanent
officials on the board, whose names are inserted in the successive com-
missions. i, j • •

The lord high admiral of England appears always to have had ]uris-
diction over Ireland, as well before as after the Union ; but the lord
high admiral of Scotland was a separate office until the appomtmeut of
prince George of Denmark as lord high admiral of Great Bntam on
June 28, 1707.

Lord High Admieals, &c., op England.
2'/ie letter N nuhjoined to the names denotes the Northern, the letter W the Western,
S the Southern station.

and

871. King Alfred, to his death in 901.
925. King Atheistan, to his death,

941.
959. King Edgar, to his death, in 975.
1016. The duke Edric.
10G(i. King Harold.
1106. King Henry I.
1172. King Henry II.
1177. ^\m. Mandeville, E. of Essex.
1189. King Richard I.
1189. Gerard, abp. of Aix.

Bernard, bp. of Bayonne.
Robt. de Sabloil.
Richd. de Camville.
Wm. de Fortze, of Oleron.
Leaders and governors of all the
king's navy, and governors of the
king's ships going to the Holy
Land.
1191. Sir Stephen de Turnham, and

Sir Robt. de Turnham.
1199. King John.

1213. Wm. Longespee (claiming to be E.
of Salisbury), nat. son of Henry
II. , by Rosamond Clifford.
* * The E. of Boulogne.

Many of the kimjs in this list were
in sea-liattles, or went upon ex-
peditions with their fleets.

King Henry III.
1217.
Sir Hubert de Burgh.
Sir Philip do Albini.

1224.
Sir Geoffrey de Lucy.
Richd. de Aguillon.

1235.
Peter de Rivall, a priest ?

1264.
Sir Thos. de Moleton, capt. and kee])i'r of
the sea and coasts.

Kino Edward I.
1293.
Sir Robt. Tiptoft.

1294.

Sir John de Botetourt, for the coasts of

Yarmouth. N.
Sir Wm. de Leybourne, for the coasts of

Portsmouth. S.
Sir Ormond, for Ireland.

1297.
Sir John de Botetourt, keeper of the

northern seas.
Sir Wm. de Leybourne, capt. of the mari-
ners.

1300.
Gervase Alard, adm. of the fleet of the
Cinque Ports.

1306.
Gervase Alard, capt. and adm. of the

king's fleet. W.
Edwd. Chas., capt. and adm. of the king's
fleet. X.

King Edward II.

1308.

Wm. de Betour, capt. of the king's ships

going to the relief of Aberdeen.

1310.

Sir John de Caunton, capt. and gov. of the

king's fleet going to Scotland.
Sir Simon de Montacute, adm. of the king's
navy.

1311.
Sir John of Argyle, coast of Argyle.

1314.
Sir John Sturmy, and J Joint adms. against
Peter Bard. i" the Scots.

1315.
Wm. de Creye, W., Scotland and Ireland.
Thos. de Hewys.

March 15, 1315.
John, Id. Botetourt; adm. and caj)t. of
all the mariners from the Thames, to
Berwick-on-Tweed.

July 3, 1315.
John de Athoy, capt. and leader of the
expedition from Bristol against the

Scots.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

171

Sept. 18, 1315.
Sii- Hiimphrey Littlebury, adm. -in-chief

of one part of the king's navy.
Sir John Sturmy, adm. -in-chief of one

part of the king's navy.

Nov. 3, 1316.
Sir Kobt. Leybourne, adm. of the fleet
going against the Scots.

Dec. 9, 1316.
Sir Nichs. Kyriel, adm. of the fleet of the
Cinque Ports, westward.

March 28, 1317.

John de Athey, caj^t. of the fleet in Ire-
land.

John de Perburn, or Perbroun, adm. of
the king's fleet. N.

Sir Robt. Leybourne, adm. of the king's
fleet west of the Thames.

April 24, 1318.
Wm. Gettour, capt. and leader of the
king's fleet going to Scotland.

May 23, 1319.

Ro'br Ashman.^' l^^"^': f J^% f^P''*
Wm. de Thewell. J ^^amst the Scots.

1321.
Sir Hugh le Despenser, adm.

May 19, 1232.
Robt. Battayle, Cinque Ports.
John de Perburn, or Perbroun. N.
Robt. de Leybourne, W.

July 16, 1324.
Sir John de Cromwell, adm. of the sea-
coasts, and capt. of the king's mariners
going to Gascony.

Aug. 5, 1324.
Sir Robt. Beaudyn. W.
Sir John Sturmey. N.

Sept. 18, 1324.
Stephen Alard, adm. in the absence of sir
Robt. Beaudyn.

1325.

Sir Jno. Sturmey. ) . ,
Sir Nichs. Kyriel. [^%

ms. of the three

Jan. 2, 1326.
Sir Nichs. Kyriel.) Adms. of the West-
Sir John Sturmey. [ em fleets.

Sept. 19, 1326.
Sir Robt. de Leybourne. N.

King Edward III.
April 21, 1327.
John de Perburn, or Perbroun. N.

May 24, 1327.
Waresius de Valoignes. W.

April 6, 1333.
Hy. Randolph, capt. and adm. for the
Scottish War.

July 16, 1333.
Sir Wm. Clinton, capt. and adm. of the
Cinque Ports and places west of the
Thames.

Jan. 2, 1335.
Sir John de Norwich. N.
Sir Roger Higham. W.

April 4, 1335.
Sir John Howard, capt. and adm. of the
king's fleet of Great Yarmoiith and the
ports north of the Thames.

April 6, 1335.
Sir Robt. Holand, capt. and adm. of the
fleet on the coast of Wales and part of
Ireland.

April 24, 1335.
Sir John Athy or Athey, capt. and adm. of
the Irish fleet.

July 6, 1335.

Sir John Cobham, capt. and adm. of the
Cinque Ports and places west of the
Thames.

Peter Bard, capt. and adm. of Cinque
Ports and other western ports, to pro-
ceed against the Scots.

Feb. 10, 1336.

Sir Thos. Ughtred, capt. and adm. N.

April 10, 1336.
Sir John de Norwich, capt. and adm. N.
Sir Geoffrey Say, or Galfrid de Say, capt.
and adm. W.

Nov. 8, 1336.
Sir John Roos, or de Ros. N.

Jan. 14, 1337.
Sir Robt. Ufford, and
Sir John Roos, app. jointly adms. of the

king's northern fleet.
Sir Wm. Montaeute, capt. and adm. W.

May 30, 1337.
Sir Geoffrey de Say, and
Sir Otho Grandison, commanders of the W.
fleet.

Aug. 11, 1337.
Sir Walter Manny, capt. and adm. N.
Sir Wm. Burghersh, capt. and adm. W.

July 28, 1338.
Sir Thos. Dravton or Draiton. N.
Peter Bard. W.

172

Feb. IS, 1339.
Sir Robt. Morley. N.
Sir Wm. Trussell. W.

Feb. 20, 1340.
Sir Richd. Fitz-Alan, E. of Arundel. AV.

Mar. 6, 1340.
Sir Robt. Morley, capt. and adm. N.

April 5, 1341.
Sir Robt. Morley, adm. X.

June 12, 1341.
Sir Wm. Clinton, E. of Huntingdon, capt.
and adm. of the W. fleet.

April 10, 1342.
Sir John de Montgomery. W.

Dec. 20, 1342.
Sir Wm. Trussell. N.
Sir Robt. Beaupel. W.

May S, 1344.
Sir Robt. Ufford, E. of Suffolk. X.
Sir Reginald de Cobham, capt. and adm.
W.

Feb. 23, 1345.
Richd. , E. of Arundel. W.

Jan. 25, 1347.
King Edward III., styled Ki'iiff of the Seas.

Feb. 23, 1347.
Sir John de Montgomery. W.

Mar. 8, 1347.
Sir John Howard. X.

Mar. 14, 1348.
Sir Walter Manny. X.
Sir Reginald Cobham. W.

JuneO, 1348.
Sir Robt. Morley. X.

Aug. 17, 1349.
Sir John Beauchamp, adm. of a fleet off
Calais.

1350.
Robert de Causton. X. — Sjulman.

July 22, 1350.
Sir Robt. ^Morley, ae/ain. — Spelman.

Mar. 8, 1351.
Sir W^m. do Bohun, E. of Northampton,
capt. and adm. W.

1352.
Thos., E. of Warwick. W. — Spelman.

Mar. 1354.
John Gybon, adm. of a squadron.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

:\Iar. 5, 1355.
Sir Robt. :Morley. X.
Sir John Beauchamp. W.

Jan. 1356.
Robt. Ledrede, adm. of a fleet going to
Gascony for wine.

Aug. 8, 1356.
Robt. Drouss, of Cork, adm. of the Irish
fleet.

July 18, 1360.
Sir John Beauchamp, adm. of the king's
N., S., and W. fleets.

Jan. 26, 1361.
Sir Robt. Herle, adm. of the N. , S. , and W.
fleets.

July 7, 1364.
Sir Ralph Spigurnell, adm. of the N'. and
W. fleets.

April 28, 1369.
Sir Robt. Ashtou. W.

June 12, 1369.
Sir Nichs. Tamworth. X.

Feb. 6, 1370.
Sir Guy Bryan. W.

Sir Guv Bryan was at sea in command of
a squadron in Jan. 1370.

May 30, 1370.
John, lord Xeville. X.
Sir Guy Bryan. W.

July 8, 1370.
Sir Ralph Ferrers, adm. of the king's fleet
going to Britannj-.

Oct. 6, 1371.
Sir Robt. Ashton, adm. W.
Sir Ralph Ferrers, adm. X.

Mar. 7, 1372.
Sir Philip Courtenay, adm. W.
Sir Wm. de Xeville. X.

Fob. 16, 1373.
E. of Salisbury app. caj)t. of all shij)s and
barges going to sea.

July 16, 1376.
Wm., E. of Suffolk. N.

Nov 24, 1376.
Sir Michael do la Pole. X.
Sir Robt. Hales, prior of St. John's of
Jerusalem, adm. W.

King Riciiakd II.
Aug. 14, 1377.
Sir Michael do la Pole. X.
Sir Robt. Hales. W.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

173

Dec. 5, 1377.
Thos., E. of Warwick. N.
Richd., E. of Arundel. W.

Sept. 10, 1378.
Sir Hugh Calverley. W.

Nov. 5, 1378.
Sir Thos. Percy. N.

Mar. 8, 1380.
Sir Philip Courtenay. W.

April 8, 1830.
Sir Wm. de Ehnham. N.

May 22, 1382.
Sir John Roche, or Roches, adm. of
from Southampton, westward.

Oct. 26, 1382.
Sir Walter Fitz-Walter. N.
Sir John Roche. W.

Nov. 13, 1383.
Edwd. , E. of Devonshire. W.

fleet

Hy.

Dec. 2, 1383.

E. of Northumberland. N.

Jan. 29, 1385.

Sir Thos. Percy. N. ; aft. E of Wor-
cester, and beheaded in 1402.

Sir John Radington, or Radlington, prior
of St. John's of Jerusalem. W.

Feb. 22, 1386.
Sir Philip Darcy. N.

Dec. 10, 1386.
Richd., E. of Arundel, adm. of the N. and
W. fleets ; held that ofiSce until May 18,
1389.

May 20, 1389.
John, Id. Beaumont. N.
John, E. of Huntingdon. W.

May 81, 1389.
Sir John Roche, adm. of the W. and N.

June 22, 1389.
John, Id. Beaumont. N.
John, E. of Huntingdon. W.

Mar. 22, 1391.
Edwd., E. of Rutland. N.
Albemarle.

aft. D. of

Nov. 29, 1391.
Edwd., E. of Rutland, adm. of the N.
and W. fleets.

Aug. 30, 1393.
Matthew Swetenham and Nichs. Maccles-
field, made adms. of Ireland.

May 9, 1398.
John, M. of Dorset, high adm. of the N.
and W. fleets for life. He had been made
adm. of the Irish fleet for life, Feb. 2,
1398.

King Henry IV.
Nov. 15. 1399.
Thos., E. of Worcester, adm. of the N.
and W. fleets, and adm. of the Irish
fleet.

April 21, 1401.
Sir Thos, Rampston, or Rempston. W.

April 26, 1401,
Richd., Id. Grey, of Codnor. N.

Nov. 5, 1403.
Thos., Id. Berkeley. W.

Nov. 18, 1403.
Sir Thos. Beaufort. N. ; aft. E. of Dorset
and D. of Exeter.

July 5, 1404.
James Dartasso, made adm. of Ireland.

Feb. 20, 1405.
Sir Thos. Lancaster (Plantagenet), 2nd son
of the king, aft. D. of Clarence, high
adm. of England.

April 28, 1406.
Nichs. Blackburne. N.
Richd. Cl3'derow. W,

Dec. 23, 1406.
John, M. of Dorset (E. of Somerset), adm.
of the N. and W. fleets.

May 8, 1407.
Edmd., E. of Kent, high adm. of England.

Sept. 21, 1408.
Sir Thos. Beaufort, adm. of the N. and
W. fleets for life.

King Henry V.
June 3, 1413.
Thos., E. of Dorset, adm. of England,
Ireland, Aquitaine, and Picardy.

Sept. 28, 1414.
Patrick Coterell and Jas. Cornewalsche,
app. the king's adms. of Ireland, from
Wykynglone Head to Leperisylond, for
their lives.

Feb. 18, 1415.

Sir Thos. Carew, and

Sir Gilbert Talbot, app. capts. and leaders
of men at arms at sea, in the absence of
the E. of Dorset, with the usual powers
of adms.

174

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

the

July 6, 141(5.
Thos., Id. Morley, adm. of a fleet going
from London to Southampton.

July 26, 1416.
Sir Walter Hungerford, adm. of an expe
dition under the D. of Bedford, th
king's lieut. at sea.

July 20, 1417.
Edmd., E. of March, app. the king's lieut.
at sea to bring the fleet to England, and
then conduct it again with troops to the
king.

July 25, 1417.
John, E. of Huntington, app. the king's
lieut.. with all the powers of adm., during
the king's absence.

Mar. 2, 1421.
Sir Wm. Bardolf, app. adm. of a fleet.
John, E. of Richmond and D. of Bedford,
Id. adm.

KxsG Hexrt VI.
1422.
John, D. of Bedford, contd.
Oct. 21, 1437.
John, D. of Exeter and E. of Huntingdon,
and Hy. his son. for their lives. Id. adms.
of England, Ireland, and Aquitaine.

1448—1451.
Wm. de la Pole, ditto; during the minority
of Hy. Holland, D. of Exeter.
July 23, 1451.
Hy., D. of Exeter.

King Edwakd IV.

1461.

Richd., E. of Warwick and Salisbury,

styled the " King maker."

July 30, 1462.

Wm. , E. of Kent.

Oct. 12, 1462.
Richd., D. of Gloucester, brother to the
king.

Jan. 2, 1470.
Richd., E. of Warwick ; capt. of the
town and citadel of Calais, const, of
Dover Castle, and Id. warden of tho
Cinque ports.

1472.
Richd., D. of Gloucester.

KlXCi UlCUAKD III.
July 25, 1483.
John, D. of Norfolk.

King Henry VII.
1485—1512.
John de Vere, E. of Oxford.

King Henky VHI.
John de Vere, E. of Oxford, contd.

Aug. 15, 1513.
Lord Edwd. Howard.

May 4, 1514.
Thos., D. of Norfolk.

1525—1536.
Hy. Fitzroy (natural son to the king), D. of
Richmond and Somerset, and E. of
Nottingham.

Aug. 16, 1536.
Wm., E. of Southampton.

July 18, 1540.
John, Id. Russel.

June 27, 1542.

John, vise. Lisle, and baron of Malpas,

aft. D. of Northumberland, high adm.

King Edward VI.
Feb. 17, 1547.
Thos. , Id. Seymour, of Sudley, high adm.
of England, Ireland, Wales, Calais,
Boulogne, :Marches of ditto, Normandy,
Gascony, and Aquitaine, capt. -gen. of the
navy and seas ; beheaded 20th January
154'.}.

Oct. 28, 1549.
John, vise. Lisle, aft. D. of Northumber-
land, high adm.

May 4, 1550.
Edwd., Id. Clinton and Say.

Queen Mary.
Mar. 20, 1554.
Id. Howard, of Effingham, high

Wm.,

adm.

Mar. 3, 1556.
Edwd., Id. Clinton and Say, aft. E. of

Lincoln.

Queen Elizabeth.
Edwd., E. of Lincoln, contd

1585—1619,
Chas., Id. Howard of Effingham, aft. E.
of Nottingham.

King James I.
Chas., E. of Nottingham, contd.

Jan. 28, 1619.
Geo., M. of Buckingham, aft. E. of Coven-
try and D. of Buckingham.

KiN(i Charles I.
Geo., D. of Buckingham, contd.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

175

Mar. 16, 1636.

Commissioners.

Richd., Id. Weston, and Robt., E. of

Lindsey, gr. chambn. of England.
Edwd., E. of Dorset, Id. chambn. to the

queen.
Fras., Id. Cottington, chanc. and under

treas. of the exchequer.
Sir Hy. Vane, compt. of the household.
Sir John Coke and Sir Fras. Windebank,
sees. st.

Mar. 23, 1636.
Algernon, E. of Northumberland, Id. adm.

King Charles I.
Robt., E. of Warwick, Id. high adm. of
England, for the parliament. Surrendered
his commission by an ordinance tliat
members shotdd have no employments.

April 15, 1645.
A committee appointed hy hoth Houses.

Arthur, E. of Essex.

Robt., E. of Warwick.

Wm., vise. Say and Sele.

Dudley, Id. North.

Wm. Earle, Philip Stapleton, J. Levelyn,
jun., Christr. Wray, J. Rolle, G. Greene,
b. Hollis, J. Selden, F. Rouse, T. Eden,
J. Lisle, Bulstrode Whitelocke.

April 28, 1645.
Appointed hy the Commons.
Robt., E. of Warwick.
Messrs. Bense and H. Pelham.

Feb. 12, 1649.
Messrs. Dean, Fras. Popham, and R. Blake

King Charles II.
June 6, 1660.
James, D. of York, brother to the king, lord high adm. of England,
passing of the Test Act.

Commissioners.

Res. on the

July 9, 1673.

Prince Rupert.

Authy., E. of Shaftesbury,

Id. high clianc.
Thos.,visc. Latimer, aft. E.

of Danby, Id. high treas.
Arthur, E. of Anglesey, Id.

pr. seal.
Geo.,D. of Buckingham.
Jas., D. of Monmouth.
John, D. of Lauderdale.
Jas., D. of Ormond.
Hy. , E. of Arlington, sec.

St.

Sir Geo. Carteret, bt., vice

chambn.
Hy. Coventry, sec. st.
Edwd. Seymour.

Sept. 29, 1674.

Prince Rupert.

Heneage, Id. Finch, Id. high

chanc.
Thos., E. of Danby, Id. high

treas.
Arthur, E. of Anglesey, Id.

pr. seal.
Jas., D. of Monmouth.
John, D. of Lauderdale.
Jas., D. of Ormond.
Hy. , E. of Arlington.
Sir Geo. Carteret, bt. , vice

chambn.
Hy. Coventi-y.
Sir Jos. Williamson.
Edwd. Seymour.

July 28, 1675.
Prince Rupert.
Heneage, Id. Finch, Id. high

chanc.
Thos. , E. of Danby, Id. high

treas.
Arthur, E. of Anglesey, Id.

pr. seal.
Jas. , D. of Monmouth.
Jas. , D. of Ormond.
Hy., E. of Arlington, sec.

St.

Thos., E. of Ossory.
Wm. , E. of Craven.
Sir Geo. Carteret, bt. , vice

chambn.
Hy. Coventry.
Sir Jos. Williamson, sec.

St.

Edwd. Seymour.

Sept. 14, 1677.
Prince Rupert.
Heneage, Id. Finch, Id. high

chanc.
Thos. , E. of Danby, Id. high

treasr.
Arthur, E. of Anglesey, Id.

pr. seal.
Jas., D. of Monmouth.
John, D. of Lauderdale.
Jas. , D. of Ormond.
Thos. , E. of Ossory.
Hy., E. of Arlington, Id.

chambn. of the hshold.
Wm. , E. of Craven.

Sir Geo. Carteret, bt., vice

chambn.
Sir Jos. Williamson, sec. st.
Sir John Ernley, bt.
Sir Thos. Chicheley, mast.

of the ordn.
Edwd. Seymour.

Feb. 14, 1679.
Sir Hy. Capel.
Hon. Danl. Finch.
Sir Thos. Lee, bt.
Sir HumjDhrey Winch, bt.
Sir Thos. Meeres.
Edwd. Vaughan.
Edwd. Hales.

Feb. 19, 1680.

Hon. Danl. Finch, aft. Id.
Finch, & E. of Notting-
ham.

Sir Humphrey Winch, bt.

Sir Thos. Meeres.

Edwd. Hales.

Wm., vise. Brouncker, of
Ireland.

Sir Thos. Littleton, bt.

Jan. h, 1682.
Danl. lord Finch, aft. E.

OF Nottingham.
Sir Humphrey Winch, bt.
Sir Thos. Meeres.
Edwd. Hales.
Wm. , vise. Brouncker.
Hy. Savile.
Sir John Chicheley.

176

THE BOOK OF DIf4NITIES.

Aug: 28, 1683.
Danl., E. of Nottingham.
Sir Humphrey Winch, bt.
Sir Thos. Meeres.
Sir Edwd. Hales, bt.
Hy. Savile.
Sir John Chicheley.

Arthur Herbert.
John, lord Vaughan.

Apr. 17, 1684.
Daxl. , E. OF Nottingham.
Sir Humphrey Winch, bt.
Sir Thos. Meeres.

Sir Edwd. Hales, bt.
Hy. Savile.
Sir John Chicheley.
Arthur Herbert.
John, lord Vaughan.

This commission was
voked May 22, 1684.

1684-5. King Charlks II. , lord high adm.

King James II.
King James II. declared himself in council, lord high adm. and lord general of the
navy ; and he managed the admiralty affairs by Mr. Secretary Pepys all his reign.

King William IH,

Mar. 8, 1689.
Hon. Arthur Herbert.
John, E. of Carberry.
Sir Michael Wharton.
Sir Thos. Lee, bt.
Sir John Lowther, bt., of

Whitehaven.
Wm. Sacheverell.

Jan. 20, 1690.

Thos., E. of Pembroke and

Montgomery.
John, E. of Carberry.
Sir Thos. Lee, bt.
Sir John Lowther, bt.
Sir John Chicheley.

Jan. 23, 1691.
Thomas, E. of Pembroke

and M.
Sir Thos. Lee, bt.
Sir John Lowther, bt.
Sir Richd. Onslow, bt.
Hy. Priestman.
Anthy., vise. Falkland.
Robt. Austen.

Nov. 16, 1691.

Thomas, E. of Pembroke

and M.
Sir John Lowther, bt.
Sir Richd. Onslow, bt.

Commissioners.

Hy. Priestman.
Anthy., vise. Falkland.
Robt. Austen.
Sir Robt. Rich. , bt.

Mar. 10, 1692.
Chas., lord Cornwallis.
Sir John Lowther, bt.
Sir Richd. Onslow, bt.
Hy. Priestman.
Anthy., vise. Falkland.
Robt. Austen.
Sir Robt. Rich., bt.

Apr. 15, 1693.
Anthy., vise. Falkland.

Sir John Lowther, bt.
Hy. Priestman.
Robt. Austen.
Sir Robt. Rich, bt.
Hv. Killegrew, bt.
Sir Ralph Delaval, bt.

May 2, 1694.
Edwd. Russell, aft. E. of

Orford.
Sir John Lowther, bt.
Hy. Priestman.
Robt. Austen.
Sir Robt. Rich, bt.
Sir Geo. Rooke.
Sir John Houblon.

Feb. 24, 1696.
Edwd. Russell, aft. E. of

Orford.
Hy. Priestman.
Robt. Austen.
Sir Robt. Rich, bt.
Sir Geo. Rooke.
Sir John Houblon.
Jas. Kendal.

June 5, 1697.
Edwd. Russell, now E. of

Orford.
Hy. Priestman.
Robt. Austen.
Sir Robt. Rich, bt.
Sir Geo. Rooke.
Sir John Houblon.
Jas. Kendal.
Goodwin Wharton.

June 2, 1699.
John, E. of Bridge water.
John, lord Haversham.
Sir Robt. Rich, bt.
Sir Geo. Rooke.
Sir David Mitchell.

Apr. 4, 1701.
Thos., E. of Pembroke

and M.
John, lord Haversham.
Sir Geo. Rooke.
Sir David Mitchell.
Geo. Churchill.

Jan. 18, 1702.
Thos., E. of Pembroke and Montgomery, Id. high adm.

Queen Anne.
May 20, 1702.
Pr. George of Denmark, Id. high adm. of England ; and.

June 28, 1707.
Pr. George, Id. high adm. of Gnat Britain ; on account of the Union between
England and Scotland.

THE BOOK OP DIGNITIES.

177

Commissioners appointed by P

May 20, 1702.
Sib Geo. Booke.
Sir David Mitchell.
Geo. Churchill.
Bichd. HiU.

AprU 30, 1704.

Sib Geo. Eooke.

Sir David Mitchell.

Geo. Churchill.

Bichd. Hill.

Hon. Jas. Bridges, aft. D. of

Chandos.
Hon. Hy. Paget, aft. E. of Ux-

bridge.

George of Denmark to be his Council.
I

Feb. 8, 1706.

Sib David Mitchell.
Geo. Chiu-chiU.
Bichd. HiU.
Hon. Hy. Paget.

June 28, 1707.
Sir Da VXD Mitchell.
Geo. ChurchUl.
Bichd. Km.
Hon. Hy. Paget.
Sir Cloudesley Shovel.
Bobt. Walijole, aft. sir E. & E.

of Orford.
Sir Stafford Fairborne.

April 19, 1708.
David, E. of Wemyss.
Geo. ChurchUl.
Bichd. HiU.
Hon. Hy. Paget.
Sir Stafford Fairborne.
Sir John Leake.

June 20, 1708.
David, E. of Wemyss.
Geo. ChurchiU.
Bichd. HiU.
Hon. Hy. Paget.
Sir John Leake.
Sir Jas. Wishart.
Bobt. Fairfax.

The Prince died October 28, 1708, and Queen Anne acted by Secretary Burchett.

Union with Scotland.
Lord High Admirals, &c., of Great Britain.

1707. June 28. Pr. George, Id. high adm. Yide supra.

1708. Nov. 29. Thcs., E. of Pembroke & Montgomery, Id. high adm.

Nov. 8, 1709.
Edwd., E op Okford.

Sir John Leake.

Sir Geo. Byng, aft. vise.

Torrington.
Geo. Dodington.
Paul Methuen.

Oct. 4, 1710.
SiK John Leake.
Sir Geo. Byng.
Geo. Dodington.
Paul Methuen.
Sir Wm. Drake, bt.
John Aislabie.

Sept. 30, 1712.
Thos., E. of Steaffoed.

Sir John Leake.
Sir Geo. Byng.
Sir Wm. Drake, bt.
John Aislabie.
Sir Jas. Wishart.
Geo. Clarke.

Apr. 9, 1714.
Thos., E. of Steaffoed.

Sir John Leake.

Sir Wm. Drake, bt.

Sir Jas. Wishart.

Oeo. Clarke.

Sir Geo. Beaumont, bt.

King George I.
Oct. 14, 1714.
Edwd., E. of Orfoed.
Sir Geo. Byng.
Geo. Dodington.
Sir John Jennings.

Commissioners.

Sir Chas. Turner.
Abraham Stanyan.
Geo. Baillie.

Apr. 16, 1717.
Ja3ies, E. of Berkeley.

Matt. Aylmer, aft. lord

Aylmer.
Sir Geo. Byng.
Sir John Jennings.
John Cockburne.
Wm. Chetwynd.

March 19, 1718.
Jas., E. op Berkeley.

Sir Geo. Byng.
Sir John Jennings.
John Cockburne.
Wm. Chetwynd.
Sir John Norris.
Sir Chas. Wager.

Oct. 10, 1721.
Jas., E. op Berkeley.

Sir John Jennings.
John Cockburne.
Wm. Chetwynd.
Sir John Norris.
Sir Chas. Wager.
Danl. Pulteney.

June 11, 1725.
Jas., E. op Berkeley.

Sir John Jennings.
John Cockburne.
Wm. Chetwynd.
Sir John Norris.
Sir Chas. Wager.
Sir Geo. Oxenden, bt.

King George XL
Aug. 2, 1727.
Geo., vise. Torrington.
John Cockburne.
Sir John Norris.
Sir Chas. Wager.
Sir Thos. Lyttleton, bt.
Geo., vise. Malpas, k.b.
Saml. Molyneux.

June 1, 1728.
Geo., vise. Torrington.

John Cockburne.

Sir John Norris.

Sir Chas. Wager.

Sir Thos. Lyttleton, bt.

Geo., vise. Malpas, k.b., aft.

E. of Cholmondeley.
Sir WiUiam Yonge, k.b.

May 19, 1729.
Geo. , vise. Torrington.
John Cockburne.
Sir John Norris.
Sir Chas. Wager.
Sir Thos. Lyttleton, bt.
Sir W^m. Yonge, k.b.
Lord Archd. Hamilton.

May 13, 1730.
Geo., vise. Torrington.

John Cockbui-ne.

Sir Chas. Wager.

Sir Thos. Lyttleton, bt.

Lord Archd. Hamilton.

Sir Thos. Frankland, bt.

Thos. Winnington.

12

178

June 15, 1732.
Geo., vise. Torrington.
Sir Chas. Wa^er.
Sir Thos. L3'ttleton, bt.
Lord Archd. Hamilton.
Sir Thos. Frankland, bt.
Thos. Winnington.
Thos. Clutterbuck.

Jan. 25, 1733.
Sir Chas. Wagkr.

Sir Thos. Lyttleton, bt.
Lord Archd. Hamilton.
Sir Thos. Frankland, bt.
Thos. WinninKton.
Thos. Clutterbuck.
Lord Harry Poulett, aft. 1
of Bolton.

May 22, 1736.
Sir Chas. "Wager.
Sir Thos. Lyttleton, bt.
Lord Archd. Hamilton.
Sir Thos. Frankland, bt.
Thos. Clutterbuck.
Lord Han-y Poulett.
Jobn Campbell.

Mar. 13, 1738.
Sir Chas. Wager.

Sir Thos. Lyttleton, bt.
Sir Thos. Frankland, bt.
Thos. Clutterbuck.
Lord Harry Poulett.
John Campbell.
Lord Vere Beauclerk, a
Id. Vere.

May 14, 1741.
Sir Chas. Wager.
Sir Thos. Frankland, bt.
Lord Harry Poulett.
John Campbell.
Lord Vere Beauclerk.
John. vise. Glenorchy.
Edwd. Thompson.

Mar. 19, 1742.
Danl., E. of Wikchilsea

and Nottingham.
John Cockburne.
Lord Archd. Hamilton.
Chas., Id. Baltimore.
Philip Cavendish.
Geo. Lee.
Hon. John Trevor.

Dec. 13, 1743.

DaNL., E. of WiNCHILSEA

and Nottingham.
John Cockburne.
Lord Archd. Hamilton.
Chaa., Id. Baltimore.
Geo. Lee.
Sir Chas. Hard v.
Thos. Philipson.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Dec. 27, 1744.
John, D. of Bedford.
John, E. of Sandwich.
Lord Arch. Hamilton.
Lord Vere Beauclerk.
Chas., Id. Baltimore.
Geo. Anson.
Geo. Grenville.

April 20, 1745.
John, D. of Bedford.
John, E. of Sandwich.
Lord Archd. Hamilton.
Lord Vere Beauclerk.
Geo. Anson.
Geo. Grenville.
Hon. Hy. Bilson Legge.

Feb. 22, 1746.
John, D. of Bedford.
John, E. of Sandwich.
Lord Vere Beauclerk.
Geo. Anson.
Geo. Grenville.
Hon. Hy. Bilson Legge.
Wm. Wildman, vise. Bar-
rington.

Feb. 1747.
John, D. of Bedford.
John, E. of Sandwich.
Lord Vere Beauclerk.
Geo. Anson, aft. lord Anson.

Wm. Wildman, vise. Bar-

rington.
Wm. , vise. Duncannon.
Welbore Ellis.

Feb. 10, 1748.
John, E. of Sandwich.
Lord Vere Beauclerk.
Geo., Id. Anson.
Wm. Wildman, vise. Bar-

rington.
Wm., vise. Duncannon.
Welbore Ellis.
Hon. John Stanhope.

Nov. 18, 1749.
John, E. of Sandwich.
Geo., Id. Anson.
Wm. Wildman, vise. Bar-

rington.
Wm., vise. Duncannon.
Welbore Ellis.
Hon. Thos. Villiers.
Granville Leveson, vise.

Trentham, aft. E. Gower.

Juno 22, 1751.
Geo., Id. Anson.
Wm. Wildman, vise. Bar-

rington.
Wm., vise. Duncannon.
Welbore Ellis.
Hon. Thos. Villiers.

Wm. Rowley.

Hon. Edwd. Boacawen.

April 6, 1754.
Geo., Id. Anson.
Wm., vise. Duncannon.
Welbore Ellis.
Hon, Thos. Villiers.
Sir Wm. Rowley, k.b.
Hon. Edwd. Boscawen.
Hon. Chas. Townshend.
Dec. 23, 1755.

Geo., Id. Anson.
Wm., vise. Duncannon, aft.
E. of Besborough.

Hon. Thos. Villiers.
[ Sir Wm. Rowley, k.b.
' Hon. Edwd. Boscawen.

John, vise. Bateman.

Hon. Richd. Edgcumbe,aft.
Id. Edgcumbe.

Nov. 19, 1756.

Richd., E. Temple.

Hon. Edwd. Boscawen.

Temple West.

John Pitt.

George Hay.

Thos. Orbv Hunter.

Gilbert Elliot.

Dec. 11, 1756.

Richd., E. Temple.

Hon. Edwd. Boscawen.

Temple West.

Geo. Hay.

Thos. Orbv Hunter.

Gilbert Elliot.

Hon. John Forbes.

April 6, 1757.

DaNL., E. of WiNCHILSEA

and Nottingham.
Sir Wm. Rowley, k.b.
Hon. Edwd. Boscawen.
Gilbert Elliot.
John, Id. Carysfort.
Savage Mostyn.
Hon. Edwin Sandys, aft

lord Sandys.

July 2, 1757.
Geo., Id. Anson.
Hon. Edwd. Boscawen.
Temple West.
Geo. Hay.

Thos. Orbv Hunter.
Gilbert Elliot.
Hon. John Forbes.

King George III.
March 21, 1761.
Geo., Id. Anson.
Hon. Edwd. Boscawen.
Goo. Hay.
Thos. Orbv Hunter.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

179

Hon. John Forbes.
Hans Stanley.
Geo. Bussey, vise. Villiers.
Thos. Pelham.

June 19, 1762.
Geo. Montagu Dunk, E.

of Halifax.
Geo. Hay.

Thos. Orby Hunter.
Hon. John Forbes.
Hans Stanley.
Geo. Bussey, vise. Villiers.
Thos. Pelham, aft. lord

Pelham.

Jan. 1, 1763.
Hon. Geo. Grbnville.
Geo. Hay.

Thos. Orby Hunter.
Hon. John Forbes.
Hans Stanley.
John, Id. Carysfort.
Jas. Harris.

April 23, 1763.
John, E. of Sandwich.
Geo. Hay.
Hans Stanley.
John, Id. Carysfort.
Ricd., vise. Howe.
Hy.,ld. Dig by.
Thos. Pitt.

Sept. 10, 1763.
John, E. of Egmont.
Geo. Hay.
Hans Stanley.
John, Id. Carysfort.
Richd., vise. Howe.
Hy., Id. Digby.
Thos. Pitt.

Aug. 30, 1765.
John, E. of Egmont.
Thos. Pitt, aft. lord Camel-
ford.
Sir Chas. Saunders, K.B.
Hon. Aug. Keppel.
Chas. Townshend.
Sir Wm. Meredyth, bt.
John Buller.

Dec. 21, 1765.
John, E. of Egmont.
Sir Chas. Saunders, k.b.
Hon. Aug. Keppel.
Chas. Townshend.
Sir Wm. Meredyth, ht.
John Buller.
Hon. John Yorke.

Sept. lO, 1766.
Sir Chas. Saunders, k.b.
Hon. Aug. Keppel, aft. vise.
Keppel.

Chas. Townshend.
Sir Wm. Meredyth, bt.
John Buller.
Hy., vise. Palmerston.
Sir Geo. Yonge, bt.

Dec. 10, 1766.
Sir Edwd. Hawke, k.b.

Chas. Townshend.
John Buller.
Hy., vise. Palmerston.
Sir Geo. Yonge, bt.
Sir Piercy Brett.
Chas. Jenkinson.

March 19, 1768.
Sir Ed WD. Hawke, k.b.

Chas. Townshend.
John Buller.
Hy. , vise. Palmerston.
Sir Geo. Yonge, bt.
Sir Piercy Brett.
Lord Chas. Spencer.

Feb. 24, 1770.
Sir Edwd. Hawke, k.

aft. lord Hawke.
John Buller.
Hy. , vise. Palmerston.
Lord Chas. Spencer.
Wilmot, vise. Lisburne.
Eras. Holburne.
Hon. Chas. Jas. Eos.

Jan. 12, 1771.
John, E. of Sandwich.
John Buller.
Hy. , vise. Palmerston.
Lord Chas. Spencer.
Wilmot, vise. Lisburne.
Fras. Holburne.
Hon. Chas. Jas. Fox.

Jan. 26, 1771.
John, E. of Sandwich.
John Buller.
Hy., vise. Palmerston.
Lord Chas. Spencer.
Wilmot, vise. Lisburne.
Hon. Chas. Jas. Fox.
Hon. Aug. John Hervey.

May 6, 1772.
John, E. of Sandwich.
John Buller.
Hy., vise. Palmerston.
Lord Chas. Spencer.
Wilmot, vise. Lisburne.
Hon. Aug. John Hervey.
Thos. Bradshaw.

Dec. 4, 1774.
John, E. of Sandwich.
John Buller.
Hy., vise. Palmerston.
Lord Chas. Spencer.

Wilmot, vise. Lisburne.
Hon. Aiig. John Hervey, aft.
E. of Bristol.
I Hy. Penton.

April 6, 1775.
John, E. of Sandwich.
John Buller.
Hy., vise. Palmerston.
Lord Chas. Spencer.
Wilmot, vise. Lisburne.
Hy. Penton.
Sir Hugh Palliser, bt.

Dec. 4, 1777.
John, E. of Sandwich.
John Buller.
Lord Chas. Spencer.
Wilmot, now E. of Lisburne.
Hy. Penton.
Sir Hugh Palliser, bt.
Constantine John, lord Mul-
grave.

April 1779.
John, E. of Sandwich.
John Buller.
Lord Chas. Spencer.
Wilmot, E. of Lisburne.
Hy. Penton.
Constantine John, lord Mul-

grave
Robt. Man.

July 6, 1779.
John, E. of Sandwich.
John Buller.
Wilmot, E. of Lisburne.
Hy. Penton.
Constantine John, lord Mul •

grave.
Robt. Man.
Bamber Gascoigne.

Sept. 6, 1780.
John, E. of Sandwich.
Wilmot, E. of Lisburne.
Hy. Penton.
Constantine John, lord Mul-

grave.
Bamber Gascoigne.
Hon. Chas. Fras. Greville.
Geo. Darby.

March 30, 1782.
Hon. Aug. Keppel, aft.

vise. Keppel.
Sir Robt. Harland, bt.
Hugh Pigot.
Wm., vise. Duncannon.
Hon. John Townshend.
Chas. Brett.
Richd. Hopkins.

July 13, 1782.
Aug., vise. Keppel.
Sir Robt. Harland, bt.
12 *

180

Hugh Pigot.

Chas. Brett.

Richd. Hopkins.

Hon. John Jeffreys Pratt.

John Auhrey.

Jan. 28, 1783.
Richd., vise. Howe.
Hugh Pigot.
Chas. Brett.
Richd. Hopkins.
Hon. John Jeffreys Pratt.
John Aubrey.
Hon. John Leveson Gower.

April 8, 1783.
Aug., vise. Keppel.
Hugh Pigot.
Wm., vise. Duncannon.
Hon. John Townshend.
Sir John Lindsay, k.b.
Wm. Jolliffe.
Whitshed Keene.

Dec. 30, 1783.
Richd., vise. Howe.
Chas. Brett.

Hon. John Jeffreys Pratt.
Hon. John Leveson Gower.
Hy., Id. Apsley.
Hon. Chas. Geo. Perceval,

aft. Id. Arden.
Jas. Modyford Heywood.

April 2, 1784.
RiciiD. , vise. EowE, aft. E.

Howe.
Chas. Brett.
Richd. Hopkins.
Hon. John Jeffreys Pratt,

aft. vise. Bayham.
Hon. John Leveson Gower.
Hy., Id. Apsley.
Hon. Chas. Geo. Perceval,

lord Arden.

July 16, 1788.
John, E. of Chathaji.
Richd. Hopkins.
John Jeffreys, vise. Bayham.
Hon. John Leveson Gower.
Hy. , Id. Apsley.
Chas. Geo. , Id. Arden.
Saml., Id. Hood.

Aug. 12, 1789.
.John, E. of Ch/tham.
Richd. Hopkins.
Chas. Geo. , Id. Arden.
Saml., Id. Hood.
Ilobt., vise. Belgravo.
Sir Eras. S. Drake, bt., d.

Nov. 1789.
lion. John ThoB. Townshend,

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Jan. 19, 1790. ,

John, E. of Chatham.
Richd. Hopkins. |

Chas. Geo., Id. Arden. i

Saml., Id. Hood. |

Robt., vise. Belgrave.
Hon. John Thos. Townshend.
Alan Gardner.

June 2.5, 1791.
John, E. of Chatham.
Chas. Geo., Id. Arden.
Saml., Id. Hood.
Hon. John Thos. Townshend.
Alan Gardner.
John Smyth.
Chas. Small Pybus.

May 4, 1793.
John, E. of Chathasi.
Chas. Geo., Id. Arden.
Saml., Id. Hood.
Alan Gardner.
John Smyth.
Chas. Small Pybus.
Philip Affleck.

May, 1794.
John, E. of Chatham.

Chas. Geo., Id. Arden.

Saml., Id. Hood.

Alan Gardner.

Chas. Small Pybus.

Philip Affleck.

Sir Chas. Middleton, bt.

Dec. 20, 1794.
Geo. John, E. Spencek.
Chas. Geo., Id. Arden.
Saml., Id. Hood.
Sir Alan Gardner, bt.
Chas. Small Pybus.
Philip Affleck.
Sir Chas. Middleton, bt.

Mar. 2, 1795.
Geo. John, E. Spencer.
Chas. Geo., Id. Arden.
Chas. Small Pybus.
Sir Chas. Middleton, bt.

aft. Id. Barham.
Lord Hugh Seymour.
Sir Philip Stephens, bt.
Jas. Gambier.

Dec. 2, 1795.
Geo. John, E. Spenoee,
Chas. Geo., Id. Arden.
Chas. Small Pybus.
Lord Hugh Seymour.
Sir Philij) Stephens, bt.
Jas. Gambier.
1 Wm. Young.

July 1797.
Geo. John, E. Spencer.
Chas. Geo., Id. Ardea
Lord Hugh Seymour.
Sir Philip Stephens, bt.
Jas. Gambier.
Wm. Young.
Thos. Wallace.

Sept. 18, 1798.
Geo. John, E. Spencer.
Chas. Geo. , Id. Arden.
Sir Philip Stephens, bt.
Jas. Gambier.
Wm. Young.
Thos. Wallace.
Robt. Man.

July 10, 1800.
Geo. John, E. Spencer.
Chas. Geo., Id. Arden.
Sir Philip Stephens, bt.
Jas. Gambier.
Wm. Y'oung.
Robt. Man.
Hon. Wm. Eliot.

Feb. 19, 1801.
John, E. St. Vincent.
Sir Philip Stephens, bt.
Hon. Wm. Eliot.
Sir Thos. Troubrdge, bt.
Jas. Adams.
John Markham.
Wm. Garthshore.

Jau. 17, 1804.
John, E. St. Vincent.
Sir Philip Stephens, bt.
Sir Thos. Troubridge, bt.
Jas. Adams.
John ilarkham.
John Lemon.
Sir Harry Burrard Neale, bt.

:May 15, 1804.
IIy. , vise. Melville.
Sir Philip Stephens, bt.
Jas. Gambier.

Sir Harry Burrard Neale, bt.
Sir John Colpoys, k.b.
Philip Patton.
Wm. Dickinson, jxin.

Sept. 13, 1804.
IIy., vise. Melville.
Sir Philip Stephens, bt.
Jas. Gambier.
Sir John Colpoys, k.b.
Philip Patton.
Wm. Dickinson, jun.
Sir Evan Nei)ean, bt.

May 2, 1805.
Sir Chas. MiDOLhrroN, bt.,
cr. lord Barham.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

181

Sir Philip Stephens, bl.
Jas. Gambier.
Philip Patton.
Wm. Dickinson, jun.
Sir Evan Nepean, bt.
Geo., Id. Garlies.

Feb. 10, 1806.
Hon. Chas. Gret.
Sir Philip Stephens, bt.
John Markham.
Sir Chas. Moriee Pole, bt.
Sir Harry Burrard Neale, bt.
Lord Wm. Russell.
Wm., Id. Kensington.

Sept. 29, 1806.
Thos. Grenville.
Sir Philip Stephens, bt,
John Markham.
Sir Chas. Moriee Pole, bt.
Sir Harry Burrard Neale, bt.
Lord Wm. Russell.
Wm. , Id. Kensington.

Oct. 23, 1806.
Thos. Grenville.
John Markham.
Sir Harry Burrard Neale, bt.
Lord Wm. Russell.
Wm., Id. Kensington.
Thos. Fras. Fremantle.
Wm. Prankland.

April 6, 1807.
Hy., Id. Mulgrave.
Jas. Gambier.
Sir Richd. Bickerton, bt.
Wm. Johnstone Hope.
Robt. Ward.

Hy. John, vise. Palmerston.
Jas. Buller.

May 9, 1808.
Hy., lord Mulgrave.
Sir Richd. Bickerton, bt.
Wm. Johnstone Hope.
Robt. Ward.

Hy. John, vise. Palmerston.
Jas. Buller.
Wm. Domett.

Nov. 24, 1809.
Hy., lord Mdlgrave.
Sir Richd. Bickerton, bt.
Robt. Ward.
Jas. Buller.
Wm. Domett.
Robt. Moorsom.
Wm., vise. Lowther.

May 1, 1810.
Chas. Yorke.

Sir Richd. Bickerton, bt.

Robt. Ward.

Jas. Buller.

Wm. Domett.

Sir Jos. Sydney Yorke.

Hon. Fredk. John Robinson.

June 17, 1811.
Chas. Yorke.
Sir Richd. Bickerton, bt.
Jas. Buller.
Wm. Domett.
Sir Jos. Sydney Yorke.
Hon. Fredk. John Robinson.
Horatio, Id. Walpole.

Mar. 25, 1812.
Robt., vise. Melville.
Wm. Domett.
Sir Jos. Sydney Yorke.
Hon. Fredk. John Robinson,

aft. vise. Goderich and E.

of Ripon.
Horatio, Id. Walpole.
Wm. Dundas.
Geo. Johnstone Hope.

Oct. 5, 1812.
Robt., vise. Melville.
Wm. Domett.
Sir Jos. Sydney Yorke.
Wm. Dundas.
Geo. Johnstone Hope.
Sir Geo. Warrender, bt.
John Osborn.

May 18, 1813.
Robt. , vise. Melville.
Wm. Domett.
Sir Jos. Sydney Yorke.
Wm. Dundas.
Sir Geo. Warrender, bt.
John Osborn.
Lord Hy. Paulet.

Oct. 23, 1813.
Robt., vise. Melville.
Sir Jos. Sydney Yorke.
Wm. Dundas.
Geo. Johnstone Hope.
Sir Geo. Warrender, bt.
John Osborn.
Lord Hy. Paulet.

Aug. 23, 1814.
Robt., vise. Melville.
Sir Jos. Sydney Yorke.
Geo. Johnstone Hope.
Sir Geo. Warrender, bt.
John Osborn.
Lord Hy. Paulet.
Barrington Pope Blachford.

May 24, 1816.
Robt., vise. Melville.

Sir Jos. Sydney Yorke,

K.C.B.

Sir Geo. Hope, k.c.b.
Sir Geo. Warrender, bt.
John Osborn.
Sir Graham Moore, k.c.b.
Hy., M. of Worcester.

April 2, 1818.
Robt., vise. Melville.
Sir Geo. Warrender, bt.
John Osborn, aft. bt.
Sir Graham Moore, k.c.b.
Hy. , M. of Worcester.
Sir Geo. Coekburn, g.c.b.
Sir Hy. Hotham, k.c.b.

Mar. 15, 1819.
Robt., vise. Melville.
Sir Geo. Warrender, bt.
Sir John Osborn, bt.
Sir Graham Moore, k.c.b.
Sir Geo. Coekburn, g.c.b.
Sir Hy. Hotham, k.c.b.
Sir Geo. Clerk, bt.

Mar. 13, 1820.
Robt., vise. Melville.
Sir Wm. Johnstone Hope,

K.C.B.

Sir Geo. Warrender, bt.
Sir John Osborn, bt.
Sir Geo. Coekburn, g.c.b.
Sir Hy. Hotham, k.c.b.
Sir Geo. Clerk, bt.

Feb. 8, 1822.
Robt., vise. Melville.
Sir Wm. Johnstone Hope,

K.C.B.

Sir John Osborne, bt.
Sir Geo. Coekburn, g.c.b.
SirHy. Hotham, k.c.b.
Sir Geo. Clerk, bt.
Wm. Robt. Keith Douglas.

March 23, 1822.
Robt., vise. Melville.
Sir Wm. Johnstone Hope,

K.C.B.

Sir John Osborn, bt.

Sir Geo. Coekburn, g.c.b.

Sir Geo. Clerk, bt.

Feb. 16, 1824.
Robt., vise. Melville.
Sir Wm. Johnstone Hope,

K.C.B.

Sir Geo. Coekburn, g.c.b.

Sir Geo. Clerk, bt.

Wm. Robt. Keith Douglas.

182

THE BOOK OF DIGXITIES.

Lord High Aumikal.

May 2, 1H27.

Wm. Henry, U. of Clarence, aft. Wm. IV., Ld. High Adm. of the U. K. of Gr. Britain

and Ireland, assisted by the following.

H.E.H. Council.
V. ADM. SIB Wm. Johnstone

Hope, g.c.b.
V. adm. sir Geo. Cockbum,

G.C.B.

Wm. Kobert Keith Douglas.
John Evelyn Denison.

CoUNCII-S.

Feb. 4, 1828.
V. ADM. SIR Wm. Johnstone

Hope, g.c.b.
V. adm. sir Geo. Cockbum,

G.C.B.

Su: Geo. Clerk, bt.

Geo. Chas., E. of Brecknock.

March 12, 1838.
V. adm. sir Geo. Cockbubn,

G.C.B.

Sir Geo. Clerk, bt.
Geo. Chas., E. of Brecknock.
R. adra. sir Edwd. Wm. Camp-
bell Rich Owen, k.c.b.

The D. of Clarence res. the office of Id. high adm., Aug. 12, 1828.

Sept. 19, 1828.

RoBT., vise. Melville.

V. adm. sir Geo. Cock-
bum, G.C.B.

V. adm. sir Hy. Hotham.

Sir Geo. Clerk, bt.

Geo. Chas., E. of Breck-
nock.

July 15, 1829.
Rout., vise. Melville.
V. adm. sir Geo. Cock-
burn, G.C.B.
V. Adm. sir Hy. Hotham.
Sir Geo. Clerk i bt.
Fredk., vise. Castlercagh.

July 31, 1830.
RoBT., vise. Melville.
v. adm. sir Geo. Cock-
burn, G.C.B.
V. adm. sir Hy. Hotham.
Fredk., vise. Castlereagh.
Chas. Ross.

Xov. 25, 1830.

Sir Ja.s. Robt. Geo. Gra-
ham, bt.

R. adm. sir Thos. Master-
man Hardy.

R. adm. hon. Geo. Ileneage
Lawrence Dundas.

Sir Sand. John Brooke
Pechfll, bt.

Hon. Geo. Barrington.

June 8, 1832.

Sir Jas. Robt. Geo. Gra-
ham, bt.

R. iidm. sir T. M. Hardy.

R. a(hn. hon. Geo. Ilcneago
L. Dundas.

Sir Sunil. John Brooke
Pochcll. bt.

C0MMIS.SI0NERS.

Hon. Geo. Barrington.
Hy. Laboueherc.

Apr. 13, 1833.
Sir Jas. R. G. Graham, bt.
R. adm. sir T. M. Hardy.
R. adm. hon. Geo. Heneage

L. Dundas.
Sir Saml. John Brooke

Pechell, bt.
H3-. Labouchere.
Hon. Maurice Fredk. Fitz-

hardinge Berkeley.

June 11, 1834.
Geo., lord Auckland.
R. adm. sir T. M. Hardy.
R. adm. hon. Geo. Heneage

L. Dundas.
Sir Saml. John Brooke

Pechell, bt.
Hy. Labouchere.
Hon. Maurice Fredk. Fitz-

hardinge Berkeley.

Aug. 1. 1834
Geo., lord Ai ( kland.
Hon. Geo. Heneage L.

Dundas.
Sir Saml. John Brooke

Pechell, bt.
Hy. Labouchere, and
Hon. M. F. Fitzhardinge

Berkeley.

Nov. 1, 1834.
Geo., Id. Auckland.
R. adm. sir Chas. Adam.
R. adm. sir Win. Parker.
Sir Saml. John Brooke

Pechell, bt.
Hy. Labouchere, aft. Id.

Taunton.

Hon. M. F. Fitzhardinge
Berkeley.

Dec. 23, 1834.
Tnos. Philip, E. de Grey.
V. adm. sir Geo. Cock-
burn, G.C.B.
Sir John Poo Beresford, bt.
Sir Chas. Rowley, K.C.B.
Anthy, Id. Ashley.
Maurice Fitzgcr.-ild.

Apr. 25, 1835.
Geo., lord Auckland.
R. adm. sir Chas. Adam.
R. adm. sir Wm. Parker.
Capt. Geo. Elliot.
Sir Edwd. Thos. Trou-

bridge, bt.
Archd., Id. Dalmeny.

Sept. 19, 1835.
Gilbert, E. of Minto.
R. adm. sir Chas. Adam.
R. adm. sir Wm. Parker.
Capt. Goo. Elliot.
Sir Edwd. Thos. Trou-

bridge, bt.
Archd., Id. Dalmeuy.

July 22, 1837.
Gilbert, E. of Mixto.
V. adm. sir Cinis. Adam.
R. adm. sir Wni. Parker.
Sir Edwd. Thos. Trou-

bridge, bt.
Archd., Id. Dalmeny.
Hon. M. F. Fitzhardinge

Berkeley.

Mar. 5, 1S39.
Gilbert, E. of Minto.
Sir Chas. .\dani.
Sir Wni. Parker.

Sir. Edwd. Thos. Trou-

bridge, bt.
Sir Saml. John Brooke,

Pechell. bt.
Archd., Id. Dalmeny.

June 25, 1841.

OlLBERP, E. of MiNTO.

Sir Chas. Adam.

Sir Edvd. Thos. Troubridge,

11 bt.

Sir Saml. John B. Pechell,

bt.
Arch., Id. Dalmeny.
Capt. Jas. Whitley Deans

Dundas, C.B.

Sept. 8, 1841.
Thos., E. of Haddington.
Adm. sirG. Cockburn,G.C.B.
V. adm. sir Wm. Hall Gage.
Sir Geo. Eras. Seymour.
€apt. hon. Wm. Gordon,

R.N.
Hon. Hy.Thos.LowryOorry.

May 22, 1844.
Thos., E. of Haddington.
Adm. sirG. Cockburn,G.C.B.
V. adm. sir Wm. Hall Gage.
R. adm. Wm. Bowles.
Hon. Wm. Gordon.
Hon. Hy. Thos. Lo wry Gorry.

Feb. 12, 1845.
Thos., E. of Haddington.
Adm. sir G. Gockburn,G.C.B.
V. adm. sir Wm. Hall Gage.
R. adm. Wm. Bowles.
Hon. Wm. Gordon.
Hon. Hy. Fitzroy.

Jan. 13, 1846.
Edwd., E. of Ellen-
borough.

Adm. sirG. Cockburn,G.C.B.
V. adm. sirWm. Hall Gage.
R. adm. Wm. Bowles.
Hon. Wm. Gordon.
Hon. Hy. Fitzroy.

Feb. 17, 1846.
Edwd., E. of Ellen-
borough.
Adm. sirG. Goekburn.G.C.B.
V. adm. sir Wm. Hall Gage.
R. adm. Wm. Bowles.
Hon. Hy. Fitzroy.
Hon. Hy. John Rous.

July 13, 1846.
Geo., E. of Auckland.
V. adm. sir Wm. Parker.
R. adm. Jas. Whitley Deans

Dundas, c.b.
Capt. hon. Maurice Fredk.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Fitzhardinge Berkeley,

Capt. lord John Hay, c.b.
Hon. Wm. Eras. Cowper.

July 24, 1846.
Geo., E. of Auckland.
V. adm. sir Chas. Adam.
R. adm. J. W. D. Dundas,

Capt." hon. M. F. Fitz-
hardinge Berkeley, c.b.
Capt. lord John Hay, C.B.
Hon. Wm. Fras. Cowper.

July 20, 1847.

Geo. , E. of Auckland.

R. adm. Jas. W. D. Dundas,
c.b.

R. adm. Hy. Prescott.

Capt. hon. M. F. Fitz-
hardinge Berkeley, c.b.

Capt. lord John Hay, c.is.

Hon. Wm. Fras. Cowper.

Dec. 23, 1847.
Geo., E. of Auckland.
R. adm. J. W. D. Dundas,

C.B.

Capt. hon. M. F. Fitz-
hardinge Berkeley, C.B.
Capt. lord John Hay, c.B.
Capt. Ales. Milne.
Hon. Wm. Fras. Cowper.

Jan. 18, 1849.

Sir Eras. Thornhill Bar-
ing, bt.

R. adm. J. W. D. Dundas,
c.B.

Hon. M. F. Fitzhardinge
Berkeley, nowr. adm., c.B.

Capt. lord John Hay, C.B.

Capt. Alex. Milne.

Hon. Wm. Fras. Cowper.

Jan. 30, 1850.

Sir Fras. Thornhill Bak-
ing, bt.

R. adm. J.W.D.Dimdas,c.B.

R. adm. hon. M. F. Fitz-
hardinge Berkeley, c.b.

Capt. Houston Stewart, C.B.

Capt. Ales. Milne.

Hon. Wm. Fras. Cowper.

Feb. 12, 1852, G.

Sir Eras. Thornhill Bak-
ing, bt.

R. adm. hon. M. F. Fitz-
hardinge Berkeley, c.b.

R. adm. Houston Stewart,

C.B.

Adm. Sir Jas. Stirling.

Capt. Ales. Milne.

Hon. Wm. Fras. Cowper.

183

Feb. 28, 1852, G.
Algernon, D. of North-
umberland.
R. adm. Hyde Parker, c.b.
R. adm. Phij^ps Hornby, c.b.
Capt. sir Thos. Herbert,

K.C.B.

Capt. hon. Arthur Dun-
combe.
Capt. Alex. Milne.

Dec. 30, 1852.

Sir Jas. Robt.Geo. Graham,
bt.

V. adm. Hyde Parker, C.b.

R. adm. hon. M. F. Fitz-
hardinge Berkeley, c.b.

Capt. hon. Richd. Saunders
Dundas, c.b.

Capt. Alex. Milne.

Hon. Wm. Fras. Cowper.

June 1, 1854.
Sir Jas. Robt. Geo.Graham

bt., G.C.B.

R. adm. hon. M. F. Fitz-
hardinge Berkeley, C.B.

R. adm. hon. Richd. Dun-
das, c.B.

Capt. Peter Richards, c.B.

Capt. Alex. Milne.

Hon. Wm. Fras. Cowper.

Mar. 13, 1855, G.
Sir Chas. Wood, bt.
R. adm. hon. M. F. Fitz-
hardinge Berkeley, c.b.
R. adm. Hy. Eden.
Capt. Peter Richards, c.b.
Capt. Alex. Milne.
Sir Robt. Peel, bt.

Mar. 28, 1857, G.

Sir Chas. Wood, bt., g.c.b.

V. adm. hon. sir M. F. Fitz-
hardinge Berkeley, k.c.b.

R. adm. hon. sir Richd.
Saunders Dundas, k.c.b.

R. adm. Hy. Eden.

Cajjt. Alex. Milne.

Sir Robt. Peel, bt.

May 27, 1857, G.

Sir Chas. Wood, bt., g.c.b.

V. adm. hon. sir M. F. Fitz-
hardinge Berkeley, k.c.b.

R. adm. hon. sir Richd. S.
Dundas, k.c.b.

R. adm. Hy. Eden.

Capt. Alex. Milne.

Thos. Geo. Baring.

184

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Nov. 21,1857,0.
Sir Chas. Wood, bt., g.c.b. ,

aft. vise. Halifax.
R. adm. hon. sir llichd. S.

Dundas, k.c.b.
R. adm. Hy. Eden.
Capt. Alex. Alilne.
Capt. hon. Fredk. Thos.

Pelham, C.iJ.
Thos. Geo. Baring, aft. E.

of Northbrook.

Mar. 8, 1858, G.
Sir Jno. Somerset Paking-

TON, bt.

V. adm. Wm. Fanshawe

Martin.
V. adm. hon. sir Richd. S,

Dundas, k.c.b.
R. adm. Alex. Milne.
Capt. hon. Jas. Robt.

Dnimmond, c.b.
Algernon Geo., Id. Lovaine.

Jan. 26, 1859, G.
Sir Jno. Somerset Pakixg-

TON, bt.
V. adm. Wm. F Martin.
V. adm. hon. sir Richd. S.

Dmidas, k.c.b.
R. adm. sir Alex, Milne,

K.C.B.

Capt. hon. Swynfen Thos.

Carnegie, c.b.
Algn. Geo. Id. Lovaine.

Mar. 9, 1859, G.
Sir Jno. Somerset Paking-

TON. bt.
V. adm. Wm. F. Martin.
V. adm. hon. sir Richd. S.

Dundas, k.c.b.
R. adm. sir Alox. Milne,

K.C.B.

Capt. hon. Swynfen Thos.

Carnegie, c.b.
Hon. Fredk. Lygon.

Apr. 20, 1859, G.
Sir Jno. Somerset Paking-

TON, bt.
V. adm. Wm. F. Martin.
V. adm. hon. sir Richd. S.

Dundas, k.c.b.
R. adm. sir Hy. Jno. Leeko,

K.C.B.

R. adm. sir Alex. Milne,

K.C.B.

Hon. Fredk. Lygon.

June 27, 1859, G.
Edwd. Adoli'Iils, D. of
Somerset.

"V. adm. hon. sir Richd. S.

Dujidas, K.C.B.
R. adm. hon. Fredk. Thos.

Pelham, c.b.
Capt. Chas. Eden, c.R
Capt. Chas. Frederick.
Saml. Wbitbread.

June 14, 1861, G.

Eda\t). Adoli'IU-.s, D. of
Somerset.

R. adm. hon. sir Fredk.
Wm. Grey, k.c.b.

Capt. Chas. Eden, c.b.

Capt. Chas. Frederick.

Capt. hon. Jas. Robt. Dnim-
mond, c.b.

Saml. Whitbread.

Mar. 23, 18G3, G.

Edwd. Adolphus, D. of
Somerset, k.g.

V. adm. hon. sir Fredk.
Wm. Grey, k.c.b.

R. adm. Chas. Eden, c.b.

R. adm. Chas. Frederick.

Capt. hon. Jas. Robt. Drum-
mond, C.B.

Spencer Compton Caven-
dish, c.c. M. of Harting-
ton.

May 2, 1863, G.
Edwd. Adolphus, D. of

ScMEBSET, k.g.

V. adm. hon. sir Fredk.

Wm. Grey, k.c.b.
R. adm. Chas. Eden, c.b.
R. adm. Chas. Frederick.
Capt. hon. Jas. Robt. Drum-

mond, C.B.
Jas. Stansfeld, jun.

April 21, 1864, G.
Ed'wd. AnoLPius, D. of

Somerset, k.g.
V. adm. hon. sir Fredk.

Wm. Grey, k.c.b.
R. adm. Chas. Eden, c.b.
R. adm. Chas. Frederick.
R. adm. hon. Jas. Robt.

Dnimmond. c.b.
Hugh Culling Eardley Chil-

dcrs.

Mar. 13, 1865, G.

Edwi). Adolphus, D. of
Somerset.

V. adm. hon. sir Fredk.
Wm. Grey, k.c.b.

R. adm. Chas. Eden, c.b.

R. adm. Edwd. Gennj's Fan-
shawe.

R. adm. hon. Jas. Robt.
Drunmiond, c.b.

Hugh C. E. Childcrs.

Jan. 22, 1866, G.

Ed'\\t>. Adolphus, D. of
Somerset, k.g.

Adm. hon. sir Fredk. Wm.
Grey, k.c.b.

R. adm. Chas. Eden, c.b.

R. adm. Edwd. Gennvs Fan-
shawe, c.b.

Hon. Jas. Robt. Dnimmond,
c.b.

Hy, Fenwick.

April 7, 1866, G.

Edwd. Adolphus, D. of
Somerset, k.g.

Adm. hon. sir Fredk. Wm.
Grey, k.c.b.

R. adm. Chas. Eden, c.b.

R. adm. Edwd. Gennys Fan-
shawe, c.b.

Hon. Jas. Robt. Drummond,

C.B.

Capt. John Hay, c.c. Lord
John Hay, c.b.

May 8, 1866, G.

Edwd. Adolphus, D. of
Somerset, k.g.

Adm. hon. sir Fredk. Wm.
Grey, g.c.b.

V. adm. Chas. Eden, C.B.

R. adm. Edwd. Gennys Fan-
shawe, C.B.

Capt. John Hay, c.c. lord
John Hay, c.b.

Geo. John Shaw-Lefevre.

July 12, 1866, G.
Sir Jno. Somerset Par-
ing ton, bt., G.C.B.
V. adm. sir Alex. Milne,

K.C.B.

V. adm. sir Sydney Colpoys

Dacres, k.c.b.
R.adm.Geo.Hy.Seymour,c.B.
R. adm. sir John Chas. Dal-

rymple Hay, bt.
Chas. Du Cane.

March 8, 1867, G.
Hy, Thos. Lowry Corry.
V. adm. sir Alex. Milne»

K.C.B.

V. adm. sir Sydney Colpoys

Dacres, k.c.b.
R. adm. Geo. Hy. Seymour,

C.B.

R. adm. sir John Chas. Dal-

rjTnple, Hay, bt.
Chas. Du Cane.

Aug. 29, 1868, G.
Hy. Thos. Lowuv Corrv.
V. adm. sir Alex, Milne»

K.C.B.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

V. adm. sir Sydney Colpoys

Dacres, k.c.b.
R. adm. Geo. Hy. Seymour,

C.B.

R. adm. sir Jno. Chas. Dal-

rymple Hay, bt.
Hon. Fredk. Arthur Stanley,

aft. Id. Stanley of Preston.

Dec. 21, 1868, G.
Hugh Culling Eardley

Ghilders.
v. adm. sir Sydney Colpoys

Dacres, k.c.b.
V. adm. sir Robt. Spencer

Robinson, K.C.B.
Capt. John Hay, c.c. lord

John Hay, c.B.
Geo. Otto Trevelyan, aft. bt.

July 11, 1870, G.
Hugh Culling Bardlet

Childers.
Adm. sir Sydney Colpoys

Dacres, k.c.b.
V. adm. siT Robt. Spencer

Robinson, k.c.b.
Capt. John Hay, c.c. lord

John Hay, c.b.
Robt. Adam Philips Hal-

dane, E. of Camperdown.

Feb. 9, 1871, G,

Hugh Culling Eardley
Childers.

Adm. sir Sydney Colpoys
Dacres, k.c.b.

Capt. Robt. Hall, c.B.

Capt. John Hay, c.c. lord
John Hay, c.B.

Robt. A. P. H., E. of Cam-
perdown.

Mar. 9, 1871, G.

Geo. Joachim Goschen.

Adm. sir Sydney Colpoys
Dacres, k.c.b.

Capt. Robt. Hall, c.b.

Capt. John Hay, c.c. lord
John Hay, c.b.

Robt. A. P. H., E. of Cam-
perdown.

June 28, 1871, G.

Geo. Joachim Goschen.

Adm. sir Sydney Colpoys
Dacres, k.c.b.

Capt. Robt. Hall, c.b.

R. adm. John Walter Tarle-
ton, c.B.

Robt. A. P. H., E. of Cam-
perdown.

May 4, 1872, G.

Geo. Joachim Goschen.

Adm. sir Sydney Colpoys
Dacres, g.c.b.

R. adm. Jno. Walter Tarle-
ton, c.B.

R. adm. Fredk. Beauchamp
Paget Seymour, c.b.

Robt. A. P. H., E. of Cam-
perdown.

Nov. 27, 1872, G.
Geo. Joachim Goschen.
Adm. sir Alex. Milne,

G.C.B.

R. adm. Jno. Walter Tarle-
ton, C.B.

R. adm. Fredk. Beauchamp
Paget Seymour, c.b.

Robt. A. P. H., E. of Cam-
perdown.

Mar. 4, 1874, G.
Geo. Ward Hunt.
Adm. sir Alex. Milne.

G.C.B.

V. adm. sir Jno. Walter

Tarleton, k.c.b.
Capt. Richd. Jas. Meade,c.c.

Id. Gilford.
Sir Lopes Massey Lopes, bt.

Dec. 29, 1874, G.
Geo. Ward Hunt.
Adm. sir Alex. Milne,

G.C.B.

R. adm. Geoffrey Thos.

Phipps Hornby.
Capt. Richd. Jas. Meade,

c.c. Id. Gilford.
Sir Lopes Massey Lopes, bt.

Sept. 7, 1876, G.
Geo. Ward Hunt.
Adm. sir Hastings Reginald

Yelverton, g.c.b.
V. adm. Geoffrey Thos.

Phipps Hornby.
Capt. Richd. Jas. Meade,

c.c. Id. Gilford.
Sir Lopes Massey Lopes, bt.

Jan. 11, 1877, G.

Geo. Ward Hunt.

Adm. sir Hastings Reginald
Yelverton, g.c.b.

R. adm. Arthur Wm. Ac-
land Hood, c.B.

R adm. Richd. Jas. Meade,
c.c. Id. Gilford.

Sir Lopes Massey Lopes, bt.

185

Aug. 14, 1877, G.

Wm. Hy. Smith,

Adm. sir Hastings Reginald
Yelverton, g.c.b.

R. adm. Arthur Wm. Ac-
land Hood, c.B.

R. adm. Richd. Jas. Meade,
c.c. Id. Gilford, c.b.

Sir Lopes Massey Lopes, bt.

Nov. 5, 1877. G.

Wm. Hy. Smith.

Adm. Geo. Greville Welles-
ley, c.B.

R. adm. Arthur Wm. Ac-
land Hood, c.b.

R. adm. Richd. Jas. Meade,
c.c. Id. Gilford, c.b.

Sir Lopes Massey Lopes, bt.

Aug. 12, 1879, G.

Wm. Hy. Smith.

Adm. sir Astley Cooiier
Key, k.c.b.

R. Adm. Arthur Wm. Ac-
land Hood, c.B.

R adm. Richd. .las. Meade,
c.c. Id. Gilford, c.b., aft.
E. of Clanwilliam.

Sir Lopes Massey Lopes, bt.

Dec. 4, 1879, G.
Wm. Hy. Smith.
Adm. sir Astley Cooper

Key, k.c.b.
R. adm. Richd. Jas., E. of

Clanwilliam, C.b.
R. adm. sir Jno. Edmd.

Commerell, k.c.b., v.c.
Sir Lopes Massey Lopes, bt.

May 12, 1880, G.

Thos. Geo., E. of North-
brook, G.C.S.I.

Adm. sir Astley Cooper
Key, K.C.B.

V. adm. John Hay, c.c. Id.
John Hay, c.b.

R. adm. Anthy. Hiley Hos-
kins, c.B.

Thos. Brassey.

Apr. 12, 1882.

Thos. Geo., E. of North-
brook, G.C.S.I.

Adm. sir Astley Cooper
Key, K.C.B.

V. adm. sir John Hay, c.c.
Id. John Hay, k.c.b.

R. adm. Thos. Brandreth.

R. adm. Anthy. Hiley Hos-
kins, c.B.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

July 22, 1882.
Thos. Geo., E. of Xortii-

bbook, g.c.s.i.
Adm. sir Astley Cooper

Key, K.c.B.
v. adm. sir John Hay, c.c.

Id. John Hay, k.c.h.
R. adm. Thos. Brandrcth.
R. adm. sir Fredk. Wm.

Richards, k.c.b.
Sir Thos. Brassey, k.c.b.
Geo. Wightwick Rendel.

Mar. 3. 1883, G.

Thos. Geo., E. of North-
brook, G.C.S.I.

Adm. sir Astley Cooper
Key, G.c.B.

Adm. Fredk. Beauchamp
Paget, Id. Alcester, g.c.b.

R. adm. Thos. Brandreth.

R. adm. sir Fredk. Wm.
Richards, k.c.b.

Sir Thos. Brassej', k.c.b.,
aft. Id. Brassey.

Geo. Wightwick Rendel.

Nov. 24, 1884.

Thos. Geo., E. of North-
brook, G.C.S.I.

Adm. sir Astley Cooper
Key, G.c.B.

Adm. Fredk. Beauchamp
Paget, lord Alcester,

V. adm. Thos. Brandreth.
R. adm. sir Fredk. Wm.

Richards, K.C.B.
Wm. Sproston Caine.
Geo. Wightwick Rendel.

May 25, 1885, G.

Thos. Geo., E. of North-
brook, G.C.S.I.

Adm. sir Astley Cooper
Key, G.C.B.

Adm. Fredk. Beauchamp
Paget, lord Alcester,
G.c.B.

V. adm. sir Wm. Nathan
Wrighte Hewett, k.c.b.,

K. C.S.I.

V. adm. Thos. Brandreth.
Wm. Sproston Caine.
Geo. Wightwick Rendel.

July 1, 1885, G.

Geo. Fras. Hajiilton, c.c.
lord George Hamilton.

V. adm. Arthur Wm. Ac-
land Hood, c.B.

V. adm. sir Anthj-. Hiley
Hoskins. k.c.b.

V. adm. Thos. Brandreth.

Capt. Wm. Codrington, c.B.

Ellis Ashmead Bartlett.

Feb. 15, 1886, G.
Geo. Fredk. Saml., M. of

RiPON, K.G.. G.C.S.I.

Adm. sir John Haj', c.c. Id.
John Hay.

Adm. sir Anthy. Hiley Hos-
kins, K.c.B.

V. adm. Wm. Graham,
c.B.

R. adm. Jas. Elphinstone
Erskine.

Robt. Wm. Duff.

Aug. '.I, 18.^G, G.

Geo. Fras. Hamilton, c.c.
LORD Geo. Hamilton.

Adm. .sir Arthur Wm. Ac-
land Hood. K.C.B.

V. adm. sir Anthy. Hiley
Hoskias. k.c.b.

V. adm. Wm. Graham, c.B.

Capt. lord Cbas. Wm. De
la Poer Beicsfor.l, c.B.

Ellis Ashmen d Bartlett.

Jan. 30, 188S. G.
Geo. Fras. Hamilton, c.c.

lord Geo. Hamilton.
Adm. sir Arthur Wm. Ac-

litnd Hood, k.c.b.
V. :idm. sir Anthy. Hil-y

Hoskins, K.c b.
V. atlm. sir Wm. Graham,

K.C.B.

R. !idm. Chns. Fn dk.

Hotham. C b.
Ellis Ashmead Bartlett.

FIRST SECRETARIES OF THE ADMIRALTY.

This is now a political office, the lioldGr of which goes out with the
ministry.

First Secretaries of the Admiralty since the Revolution.

Saml. Pepys, the then sec, was dis-
missed at the Revolution.
1689. Phineas Bowles. Mar.
165)0. Jas. Soutberne. Jan. 17.

1694. Wni. Bridgcman. Aug. 1.

1695. Wm. Bridgcman and Josiah Bur-

chott, jointly. Jan.
1698. Josiah Burchett, ahm. Juno 24.
1742. Thos. Corbett. Oct. 14.
1751. John Cleveland. May 1.
1763. Philip Stephens, aft. sir P..bt. Juno

19.
1795. Evan Nepoan. aft. sir E., bt. :Mar. 3.
1804. Wm. :MarKden. Jan. 21.
1807. Hon. Wm. Wollosloy Polo, aft. lord

jVIaryborough. Juno 24.

I80!».

1830.

1834.
1835.

1 839.
1841.

1845.
1846.
1849.

John Wilson Crokcr. Oct. 9. Mr.
("rokcr was the first adni}-. sec.
who resigned on a change of
ministry.

Hon. Geo. Elliot, capt. R.N. Nov.
29.

Geo. Robt. Dawson. Dec. 24.

Chas. Wood, aft. sir C, bt., and
vise. Halifax. Apr. 27.

Richd. More O'Ferrall. Oct. 4.

John Parker. Juno 9.

Hon. Sidney Herbert, aft. lord Her-
bert of Lea. Sei)t. 10.

Hy. Thos. Lowry Corry. Fob. 13.

lly. Geo. Ward. July 13.

John Parker. May 21.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

187

1852.
1853.
1858.
1859.
1866.

1868.
1871.

Aug. O'Brien Stafford. Mar. 3.
Ralph Bemal Osborne. Jan. 6.
Hy. Thos.'Lovf TjCorry , again. Mar. 9.
Lord Clarence Paget. June 30.
Hon. Thos. Geo. Baring, aft. E. of

Northbrook. Apr. 30.
Lord Hv. Gordon Lennox. July 16.
Wm. Ed-wd. Baxter. Dec. 18.
Geo. John Shaw-Lefevre. Mar. 17.

1874.
1880.

1882.

1884.

1885.
1886.

Hon. Algn. Fulke Egerton. Feb.
Geo. Otto Trevelyan, aft. sir G. , bt.

Apr.
Hy. Campbell Bannerman. May.
Sir Thos. Brassey, K.C.B., aft. lord

Brassey. Oct.
Chas. Thomson Ritchie. June.
John Tomlinson Hibbert. Feb.
A.rthur Bower Forwood. Aug.

SECOND SECRETARIES TO THE ADMIRALTY.

The of&ce of " second secretary " existed at first only at intervals, and
under various titles ; but the succession has been regular since the year
1756, and the name has been the same from Jan. 13, 1783, till 1871,
when it was changed to that of " permanent secretary."

Second Secretaries to the Admiraltt since 1702.

1702.

1744.
1746.

1756.
175U.
1764.
1766.
1782.

Geo. Clarke, joint sec, to Oct. 25,

1705. May 20.
Thos. Corbett, dep. and aft. joint

sec, to Oct. 13, 1742. June 25.
Robt. Osborne, dep. sec. Nov. 17.
John Cleveland, second sec, to May

1, 1750. Aug. 4.
John Milnes, dep. sec. June 15.
Phili}) Stephens, second sec. Oct. 16.
Chas. Fearne, dep. sec. June 28.
Sir Geo. Jackson, dep. sec. Nov. 11.
John Ibbotson, dep. and second

Second Secretaries.
1795. ysm. Marsden. Mar. 3.
1804. Benjn. Tucker. Jan. 21.
— John Barrow, aft. Sir J. May 22.

1806. Benjn. Tucker, again. Feb. 10.

1807. John Barrow, aft. sir J., ■ bt.

Apr. 9.
1845. Capt. Wm. Alexr. Baillie Hamilton,

R.N. Jan. 28.
1855. Thos. Phinn.
1857. Wm. Govett Romaine.
1869. Vernon Lushington.

Permanent Secretaries.
1871. Vernon Lushington, above named ;

ceased 1877.
1873. R. adm. Robt. Hall, R.N., naval

sec, jointly with Lushington

until 1877, and then alone.

Ceased 1882.
1882. Capt. Geo. Tryon, perm. sec.
1884* Evan Macgregor, c.b., perm. sec^-zJ^t W.>,

LORD PRESIDENTS OF THE COUNCIL.

The lord president of the council presides at the privy council in the
absence of the sovereign. He is appointed to his office by a declaration
of the sovereign in council, and holds it durante hene placito. He is
ex officio president of all committees of the privy council, with the ex-
ception of the board of trade, which has a president of its own. The
office is now purely a political one, and the holder changes with the
ministrv.

Lord Presidents of the Council.
Since the Council was remodelled in 1679.

KixG Charles II.
1679. Anthy., E. of Shaftesbury. Apr. 21.
Struck off the council Oct. 15,
same year
— John, E. of Radnor. Oct. 24.
1684. Laurence. E. of Rochester. Aug. 24.

King Ja:mes II.
1685. Geo., M. of Halifax. Feb. 18.
— Robt., K of Sunderland. Dec. 4.

1689.

King Williasi III.

Thos., E. of Danby, aft. M.

188

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Carmarthen and D. of Leeds.
Feb. U.
1G99. Thos., E. of Pembroke and Mont-
gomery. Maj' 18.

1701. Chas., D. of Somerset. Jime 28.

QuEEX Anne.

1702. Thos., E. of Pembroke and Mont-

gomery, (if/ain. July 14.
1708. John, lord Somers. Nov. 25.

1710. Laurence, E. of Rochester. Sept.

21.

1711. John, D. of Xormanby and Bucking-

hamshire. June 14.

King Geokge I.

1714. Daniel, E. of Nottingham. Sept. 22.

1715. Lionel Cranfield, E., aft. D. of

Dorset. Jan. 3.

1716. Wm., D. of Devonshire. July 5.

1717. Chas., E. of Sunderland. Mar. IG.
17ly. Evelyn, D. of Kingston. Feb. G.

1720. Chas., vise. Townshend. June 11.

1721. Hy., lord Carletou. June 25.
1725. Wm.jD. of Devonshire, a^azn. Mar.

27.

King Geokge II.
1727. D. of Devonshire, contd.
1730. Thos., lord Trevor. May 8.

— Spencer, E. of Wilmington. Dec. 31
1742. Wm., E. of Harrington. Feb. 13.
1745. Lionel Cranfield, D. of Dorset

ayuin. Jan. 3.
1751. John, E. Granville. Jime 17.

King George III.
1760. E. Granville, cmtd.
1763. John, D. of Bedford. Sept. 9.

1765. Daniel, E. of Winchilsea and Not-

tingham. July 12.

1766. Robt., E. of Northington. July 30.

1767. Granville Leveson, E. Gower. Dec

22.
1779. Hy., E. Bathurst. Nov. 24.

1782. Chas., Id. Camden. Mar. 27.

1783. David, vise. Stormont. Apr. 2.

— Granville Leveson, E. Gower, again.

Dec. 19 ; aft. M. of Stafi'ord.

1784. Chas., Id. Camden, aijuin, Dec. 1 ;

aft. E. Camden.
1794. Wm. Wcntworth, E. Fitzwilliam.

July 11.
1794. David, E. of Mansfield. Dec. 17.
1796. John, E. of Chatham. Dec. 21.
1801. Wm. Hy., 4th D. of Portland July 30.
1805. Hy., vise. Sidmouth. Jan. 14.

— John Jeffreys, E. Camden. July 10.
180G. Wm. Weutworth, E. Fitzwilliam,

again. Feb. 19.

1806. Hy., vise. Sidmouth, a^iam. Oct. 8.

1807. John, E. Camden, aft. M. Camden,

again. Mar. 26.
1812. Hy., vise. Sidmouth, a^am. April 8.

— Dudley Ryder, E. of Harrowby.

June 11.

King George IV.
1820. E. of Harrowby, contd.

1827. Wm. Hy., 5th D. of Portland. Aug.

17.

1828. Hy. , E. Bathurst. Jan. 28.

King Williasi IV.
1830. E. Bathurst, contd.

— Hy., M. of Lansdowne. Nov. 22.

1834. Jas., E. of Rosslyn. Dec. 15.

1835. Hy., M. of Lansdowne, again. Apr.

18.

Queen Victoria.
1837. M. of Lansdowne, contd.
1841. Jas., Id. Wharncliffe. Sept. 3.
1846. Walter Francis, D. of Buccleuch.
Jan. 21.

— Hy., M. of Lansdowne, again.

July 6.
1852. Wm., E. of Lonsdale. Feb. 27.

— Granville Geo., E. Granville. Dec.

28.

1854. Lord John Russell.

1855. Granville Geo.,

again. Feb. 8.

1858. Jas. Brownlow Wm., M. of Salis-

bui-y. Feb. 24.

1859. Granville Geo., E. Granville, k.g.,

again. June 18.

1866. Richd. Plantagenet Campbell Tem-

ple Nugent Brydges Chandos, D.
of Buckingham and Chandos.
July 6.

1867. John Winston, D. of Marlborough^

Mar. 8.

1868. Geo. Fredk. Saml., E. de Grey and

Ripon. Dec. 9.

1873. Hy. Austin Bruce, Aug. 9; cr. Id.

Aberdare Aug. 20, G.

1874. Chas. Hy., D. of Richmond, k.g.

Feb. 21.
1880. John PojTitz, E. Spencer, K.o.
April 28.

1883. Chichester Parkinson, Id. Carling-

ford. Mar. 19.

1885. Gathorne, vise. Cranbrook. June

24.

1884. John Povntz, E. Spencer, again.

Fob. 6. ^^

1886. Gathorne, vise. Granb|^B||G.c.s.i.,.

again. Aug. 3. *:^ ^^^^»w"- ■

June 12.
E. Granville,

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

189

PRIVY COUNCILLORS.

The number of the council was anciently about twelve, when it dis-
charged the functions of state, now confined to the members of the
cabinet ; but it had grown to an unwieldy size before 1679, in which /
year it was remodelled upon Sir William Temple's plan, and reduced to
thirty members. The number is now unlimited, but no members attend
unless specially summoned. The members are selected by the sovereign,
and are, or ought to be, distinguished by high ofi&ce, wisdom, and
political experience. The council includes the principal ministers of the
crown, some of the judges, many diplomatists, and peers and commoners
whose services to the state and whose position in it, whether past or
present, render them eligible to advise upon public affairs. A privy
councillor, even though a commoner only, is styled " right honourable,"
and has precedence of all knights, baronets, and the younger sons of
barons and viscounts. He is admitted a member upon taking the oath
prescribed by law, and forthwith takes his seat at the board, according
to his rank.

Privy Gottncilloes.

The first names on this list are those of the persons who formed
the privy council of Charles II. at the period of the Commonwealth.
They were sworn at councils held at the Hague, at Breda, and elsewhere,
and were not re-sworn at the Restoration.

1649.

Sir Richd. Lane, Id. kpr., sw. at

the Hague, May 13.
Fras., Id. Cottington, Id. treasr.,

same time and place.
John, Id. Culpeper (Colepeper), m.

rolls.
Ralph, Id. Hopton, same time and

place.
Sir Edwd. Hyde, eh. ex., same time

and place ; aft. Id. chanc. and E.

of Clarendon.
Robt. Long, sec. to his majesty,

May 14.
Patrick, E. of Brentford (county of

Middlesex) and Forth (in Scot-
land), sw. at Peronne, July 12.
Sir Edwd. Nicholas, sec. st. to his

late majesty, sw. at Jersey, Oct. 4.
He became sec. st. to Charles II.,

and was again sw. of the council

in 1660.

1650.

Geo., D. of Buckingham, sw. at

Breda, Apr. 6.
Wm., M. of Newcastle, same time

and jjlace.
Wm., D. of Hamilton, sw. at Breda,

Apr. 7.

The following privy councillors are named
in the records ; hut there is no mention
of the times when they were sworn.

James, D. of York, aft. K. James

II.
Hy., D. of Gloucester.
Jas., M. of Ormond.
Geo., E. of Bristol.
Murrough, E. of Inchiquin.
Thos.,ld. Wentworth.
Hy., Id. Jermyn, aft. E. of St.

Albans.

The king first sat at a council held at
Canterbury, May 27, 1660, ivhen were
sworn :

Sir Geo. Monk, genl. of all the
forces in the three kingdoms, and
m. hoi'se, made D. of Albemarle,
July 7, 1660.

Thos., E. of Southampton, made Id.
treasr., Sept. following.

Sir Wm. Morrice, sec. st.

Sir Anthy. Ashley Cooper, bt., cr.
Id. Ashley. Apr. 1661; and baron
Cooper and E. of Shaftesbury,
AjDr. 1772; Id. chanc, Nov., same
year. Struck from the list, May
19, 1674.

190

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES

The Kkstoration.

1660.

May 31. Wm., M. of Hertford, sw. in
London.

Algernon, E. of Northumberland.

Robt., E. of Leicester.

Thos., E. of Berkshire.

Fras., Id. Seyniour.

Arthur Anneslcy, aft. baron
Annesley, in Ireland, and E. of
Anglesey, in Wales, sw. of the
council, and obtained these
honours in reward of his ser-
vices for the king's restoration.

Susp. from the office of treasr. of
the Navy, Nov. 16G8 ; made Id.
pr. seal, Apr. 1673.
June 1. Montagu, E. of Lindsey, Id.
gr. chambn. of England.

Edwd., E. of Manchester, Id.
chambn.

Geo., E. of Norwich.

Hy., E. of St. Albans, late Id.
Jermyn ; sat as a pr. councillor
before being re-sw., May 31,
this year ; amb. to France.

Wm., vise. Say and Sele.

John, lord Robartes, of Truro,
aft. vise. Bodmin and E. of
Radnor ; Id. pr. seal, May 16G1.

Denzil Holies, cr. baron Holies,
Apr. 1(;61. Struck from the
list, Jan. 7, 1G75.
June 2. Col. Chas. Howard.
June 14. Gen. Edwd., Id. Montagu, k.g.,
cr. baron Montagu, of St.
Neot's, vise. Hinchinbroke, and
E. of Sandwich, July following.

Killed in the great sea-fight with
the Dutch fleet off Southwold
bay. May 28, 1672.
July 6. Sir Fredk. Cornwallis, knt. and
bt. , treasr. hhold. ; cr. lord
Cornwallis, Apr. 1661.

Sir Chas. Berkeley, comptr.
hhold., cr. vise. Fitzhardinge,
1665.
July 11. Sir Geo. Carteret, knt. and bt.,

V. chambn.
Aug. 27. Hy., M. of Dorchester.

1661.

Jan. 2. John, E. of Lauderdale, sec.

St. for Scotland, aft. D. of

Lauderdale.
June 28. Wm., E. of Glencairn, Id. chanc.

of Scotland.
Sept. 13. Richd., Id. Vaughan and E. of

Carberry, Id. pres. of Wales.

1662.

Jan. 29. Christr., Id. Hatton, made gov.
of Jersey.
Sir Hugh Pollard, comptr. hhold.

Apr. 3. Jerome, E. of Portland.

Sir Wm. Compton.
Apr. 28. His highness pr. Rupert, adm»
of the council without being
sworn, as a near relative of the
king's.
Geo., D. of Buckingham.
John, E. of Middleton, H.M.
high commr. for Scotland.
Oct. 15. Sir Hy. Bennet, sec. st. ; cr.
Id. Arlington, Mar. 1663 ; and
E. of Arlington, Apr. 1672.

1663.

Apr. 3. Gilbert Sheldon, bp. of Lon-
don; transl. to Canterbury,
Aug. 1663.

Apr. 6. Wm. Juxon, abp. of Canterbury.

June 17. John, Id. Berkeley, of Stratton,
Id. lieut. of Ireland in 1670.

July 26. John, E. of Bath, gr. stole.

Oct. 2. Sir Richd. Fanshawe, knt. and
bt., one of the masters of
requests.

Nov. 4. John, E. of Rothes, H. :M. high
commr. for Scotland.

Dec. 9. Humphrey Henchman, bp. of
London.

1664.

Aug. 17. Sir Thos. Ingram, chanc. d.
Lane.

May 26. Roger, E. of Orrery, late Id. just,
in Ireland.

1666.

Apr. 11. Wm., E. of Craven.

June 13. Thos. . E. of Ossory.

Dec. 5. Sir Thos. Clifford, kt. comptr.

hhold ; cr. lord Clifford, Apr.

1672, and made treas., 28th

same month.
Dec. 12. Robt., E. of Lindsey, Id. gr.

chambn. of England.

1667.

Feb, 13. John, E. of Bridgewater.

May 22. Sir John Duncombe, a commr.

of the treas. and ch. ex.
Sept. 4. Sir Orlando Bridgeman, sw. a j)r.

councillor and Id. kpr. , at the

same time.

July 1. Fras., lord Newport, comjitr-
hhold. ; cr. vise. Newport.
]Mar. 1675, and E. of Bradford,
May l(>!t4.

Sept. 29. Sir John Trevor, sec. st.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

191

1670.

June 10. Sir Thos. Chicheley, m, g. ordn.
June 15. Hy. , E. of Ogle. Became D. of

Newcastle, succeeding his father,

in 1676.

1671.

Jan. 5. Aubrey de Vera, E. of Oxford.
Apr. 29. James, duke of Monmouth,
natural son to the king.

1672.

Jan. 2. Ralph Montagu, mast. gr. wardr.
Feb. 14. Sir Robert Carr, knt. and bt. ,

chanc. d. Lane.
Apr. 17. Hy., M. of Worcester, Id. pres.

of Wales.
Arthur E. of Esses, app. Id. lieut.

of Ireland.
Thos., vise. Fauconberg.
Geo. vise. Halifax. Struck from

the list Jan. 7, 1675.
May 3. Sir Thos., Osborne, treasr. of the

navy ; cr. vise. Latimer. Aug.

1673 ; E. of Danby, June, 1674 ;

made Id. treasr. of England. Cr.

M. of Carmarthen, Apr., 1689,

and D. of Leeds, May 1694.
July 3. Hy. Coventry, sec. st.

Sir Robt. Long, bt.
Nov. 29. Wm., Id. Maynard, comptr.

hhold.

1673.

Mar. 7. Jas., E. of Northampton.
Apr. 9. Edwd. Seymour, aft. sir E., bt.,
sp. ho. commons.

Nov. 12. Sir Heneage Finch, bt.. Id. kpr. ;
cr. Id. Finch, of Daventry,
Jan. 1674 ; and E. of Notting-
ham, May 1681.
Made Id. chanc. of England, Dec.
1675.

1674.

May 27. Robt, E. of Sunderland, sec. st.

in 1679.
June 8. Alex. , E. of Kincardine. Struck

from the list, Anq. 1676.
July 10. Hy., E. of Peterborough.
Sept. 11. Sir Jos. Williamson, sec. st.
Dec. 4. Wm., E. of Strafford.

1675.

June 23. Giles Strangways.

July 21. Geo. Morley, bp. of Winchester.

Oct. 15. Christr., D. of Albemarle.

1676.

Jan. 21. Hy. Compton, bp. of London.
Apr. 26. Nathl., Id. Crew, bp. of Dur-
ham.
May 10. Sir John Ernie (Ernley), ch.

1678.

Feb. 6. Wm. Bancroft, abp. of Canter-
bury.
July 17. Geo. , Id. Berkeley.
Oct. 10. Robt. , E. of Ailesbury.

1679.

Jan. 3. Jas. , E. of Salisbury.
Jan. 8. Hy., E. of Clarendon, Id. lieut.
of Ireland in 1685.

On the 21st April, 1679, His Majesty King Charles II. was pleased
to dissolve the whole of the privy council, and in their room to choose
thirty privy councillors, principally selected out of the old list. This
number was not in future to be exceeded, with the exception only
of such persons as were to be privy councillors ex officio, as the lord
president, the secretary of state for Scotland, the princes of the blood,
&c., who were not reckoned in the thirty. Conformably with this order
the following were sworn at the council board: —

1679.

Apr, 21. His Highness Pr. Rupert.

Anthy., E. of Shaftesbury, as Id.

pres. His name again struck

from the list Oct. 15 following.

Heneage, lord Finch, Id. chanc. of

England.
Arthur, E. of Anglesey, Id. pr.

seal.
Christr., D. of Albemarle, capt. of

the life guards.

Jas., D. of Monmouth, m.

horse. Beheaded on Tower

Hill for rebellion against king

James, in 1685.
Chas. , M. of Winchester.
Hy., E. of Arlington, Id. chambn.

hhold.
Jas., E. of Salisbury. Struck

from the list, Jan. 18, 1681.
John, E. of Bridgewater.
Robt., E. of Sunderland, sec. st.

Struck out Jan. 24, 1681 Eeadm.

192

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Sept. 20, 1682 ; decl. Id. pres,.

Dec. 4, 1685.
Apr. 21. Arthur, E. of Essex, first Id. of the

treas. Struck from the list, Jan.

24, 1681.
John, E. of Bath, gr. stole.
Geo., vise. Halifax, cr. E. of

Halifax, July, 1679, and M. of

Halifax, Aug. 1682 ; decl. Id.

pres. in the next reign. Struck

from the list Oct. 21, 1685.
Hy. Compton, bp. of London.

Struck from the list, Dec. 23,

1685.
John, lord Robartes, cr. vise.

Bodmin and E. of Radnor, July

following; decl. Id. pres., Oct.

24, 1679.
Wm.,lord Russell. Beheaded in

Lincoln's-Inn-Fields, July 21,

1683.
Wm.. lord Cavendish.
Hy. Coventry, sec. of st.
SirFras. North, Id. ch. just. c. p.;

made Id. kpr., Dec. 1682.
Sir Hy. Capei., k.b., first

commr. of the admy.
Sir John Ernie (Ernley), ch. ex.
Sir Thos. Chicheley, mast. ordn.

Struck from the list, March 2,

1687.
Sir Wm. Temple, bt. Struck from

the list, Jan. 24, 1681.
Sir Edwd. Seymour, bt.
Hy. Powle, aft. m. rolls.

1679.

Apr. 22. Wm. Bancroft, abp. of Cantcr-

bui-y.
John, D. of Lauderdale, sec. st.

for Scotland.
Hy., M. of Worcester, cr. D.

of Beaufort, Nov. 1682.
Thos., vise. Fauconberg, er. E.

of Fauconberg, Apr. 1689.
Apr. 27. Hy., D. of Newcastle.
June 24. Denzil, lord Holies.
Nov. 19. Laurence Hyde, first commr. of

the treas. ; cr. E. of Rochester,

Nov. 1682 ; decl. Id. pres., Aug.

24, 1684 ; Id. treasr. in the

next reign.

Feb. 4. Danl. Finch, first commr. of the
admy. ; succ. as E. of Not-
tingham, and aft. as E. of
Winchilsca. Struck from the
list, Mar. 12, 1695.
Sidney Godolphin, a commr. of
the treas. ; cr. lord Godolphin,
Sept. 1684, and made first Id. of
the treas.

Feb. 11. Sir Leoline Jenkins, judge of the
high court of admy. , made sec.

St.

Apr. 16. Thos., E. of Ossory, late Id. just.

in Ireland ; admiral.
May 26 Hy., E. of Clarendon, app. Id.

lieut. of Ireland in 1685.
Oct. 15. Sir Robt. Carr, knt. and bt.,

chanc. d. Lane.

1681.

Jan. 26. Aubrey, E. of Oxford.

Philip, E. of Chesterfield, Id.

warden and ch. just, in eyre on

this side Trent..
Robt., E. of Ailesbury, aft. Id.

chambn. to king James II.
Feb. 2. Edwd., E. of Conway, sec. st.
Mar. 9. Wm.,E. of Craven.

1682.
Mar. 3. Adm. Geo. Legge, er. Id. Dart-
mouth, Nov. 2, following.
May 23. Jas., D. of Ormond, Id. steward;

Id. lieut. of Ireland.
June 29. Robt., E. of Lindsey, Id. gr.

chambn. of England.
Dec. 22. Sir Fras. Pemberton, knt.. Id. ch.

just, of k. b. Struck from the

list, Oct. 24, 1683

1683.

Feb. 28. Theophilus, E. of Huntingdon.
Hy., E. of Peterborough.

Oct. 4. Sir Geo. Jeffreys, Id. ch. just. k.
b. ; cr. Id. Jeffrej's, and made
Id. chanc., Oct. 1685.

1684.

July 11. Alexr.jE. of Moray, Id. pr. seal of
Scotland.
Chas., E. of Middleton, made sec.

St.

Jan.

1685.

7. John Drummond.

King James II.

Feb. 9.

Mar. 27

May 16.
July 24.

July 31.
Oct. 16.

Oct. 21.
Oct. 30.

1685.

Geokge. , pr. of Den-jiark ; intro-
duced to the council, not sworn ;
Consort of the princess Anne.
Cr. Id. Wokingham, E. of
Kendal, and D. of Cumberland,
Apr. 9, 1689.

Wm., D. of yueensberry. Id.
high commr. for Scotland.

Jas., E. of Perth, Id. chanc. of
Scotland.

Hy,, D. of Newcastle.

John. E. of ^lulgrave. Id. chambn.
Oct. this year.

Geo., E. Berkeley.

Sir Edwd. Herbert, Id. ch. just,
k. b.

Riehd.. vise. Preston.

Tho.s., K of Plymouth.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

193

1686.

Jan. 8. Nathl., Id. Crewe, bp. of Durham,

re-sw.
July 17. Wm., E. of Powis, cr. M. of
Powis next year.
He was cr. M. of Montgomery
and D. of Powis by the king
after his abdication, but these
titles were never allowed in
England.
Hy., Id. Arundel, of Wardour,

sw. Id. pr. seal, Mar. 1687.
John, Id. Belasyse.
Hy. , Id. Dover.
Oct. 8. Richd., E. of Tyrconnell, Id.lieut.
of Ireland.
Roger, E. of Castlemaine, amb.
to the pope.
Oct. 14. Wm., D. of Hamilton.

Sir Nichs. Butler.
Nov. 11. Edwd. Petre.

Many of the lords and gentlemen
sworn of the council in this
reign were Roman Catholics.

William and Mary.
Upon the uccesston of their majesties the
JoUowiny persons loere sworn of the
privy council.

Feb. 14. Hy., D. of Norfolk, earl marsh.

and hered. marsh, of England.
Chas., M. of Winchester, cr. D.

of Bolton, Apr. this year.
Geo., M. of Halifax, made Id. pr.

seal Feb. 19. Struck from the

list, June 23, 1692.
Robt., E. of Lindsey, Id. gr.

chambn. of England.
Wm., E. of Devonshire, Id. stewd.,

cr. M. of Hartington and D. of

Devonshire, May 1694.
Chas., E. of Dorset, Id. chambn.
Aubrey, E. of Oxford.
Chas., E. of Shewsbury, sec. st.

Struck from the list, June 23,

1692.
Wm., E. of Bedford, cr. M. of

Tavistock and D. of Bedford,

May 12, 1684.
Chas.,E. of Macclesfield.
Thos., vise. Fauconberg.
Chas., vise. Mordaunt, first

commr. treasy.,Apr. following;

cr. E. of Monmouth, same

time. Struck from the list,

Jan. 21, 1696.
Fras., vise. Newport, treasr. hhold.,

cr. E. of Bradford, May 1694.
Richd., lord Lumley (vise.

Lumley, in Ireland), gent.

bed-ch., cr. vise. Lumley,

of England, Apr. following,

and E. of Scarborough, Apr.

1690.
Feb. 14. Hy. Compton, bp. of London,

dean of the chapel.
Ralph, Id. Montagu, mast. gr.

wardr. ; cr. vise. Monthermer

and E. of Montagu, Apr. this

year ; D. of Montagu, Apr.

1705.
Hy., Id. de la Mere, ch. ex. ;

cr. E. of Warrington, Apr.

1690.
John, Id. Churchill, gen. : cr.

E. of Marlborough, Apr. 1689.

Struck from the list, June 23,

1692. Aft. cr. M. of Blandford

and D. of Marlborough. See

year 1698.
Wm. Bentinck, gr. stole, cr. Id.

Cirencester, vise. Woodstock,

and E. of Portland, Apr. 1689.
Hy. Sydney, gent, bed-ch., cr.

Id. and vise. Sydney, Apr.

] 689 ; Id, lieut. of Ireland in

1692 ; E. of Romney, May

1694.
Sir Robt. Howard.
Sir Hy. Caj^el, commr. treasy., cr.

Id. Capel, Apr. 1692; aft. Id.

dep. in Ireland.
Hy. Powle, sp. ho. commons.
Edwd. Russell, adm., first Id.

admy.. May, 1614 ; cr. Id.

Shingay, vise. Barfieur, and E.

of Orford, May 1697.
Richd. Hampden, commr. treasy.
Hugh Boscawen, cr. lord Bos-

caweu and vise. Falmouth,

June, 1720.

Feb. 19. Thos. Wharton, aft. Id. Whar-
ton, compt. hhold. ; cr. vise.
Winchendon and E. of Wharton
Dec. 17015, and vise. Malmes-
bury and M. of Wharton, Jan.
1715; Id. pr. seal, 1714. In
1709, he was app. Id. lieut. of
Ireland, of which kingdom he
became baron of Trim, E. of
Rathfarnliam, and M. of Cat-
herlogh.
Sir John Lowther, of Lowther,
bt., V. chamb.; cr. Id. Low-
ther and vise. Lonsdale. May,
1696 ; Id. pr. seal. May 1699.

Feb. 26. Arthur Herbert, first commr.
admy., cr. Id. Torbay and E.
of Torrington, May following.
Struck from the list, June 23,
1692.

Mar. 8. Wm. Harbord, amb. to Turkey
in 1692.

Apr. 25. Fredk., D. of Schomberg, field-
marsh. ; mast. gen. ordn.
13

194

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Sep. 26. Sir John Holt, bt., Id. ch. just,
k. b.

Oct. 14. Thos., E. of Pembroke and Mont-
gomery, first commr. admy.,
Jan. 1690 ; Id. pr. seal, Mar.
1692; Id. pres.,May 18, 1699;
anda^ainld. pres., July 9, 1702.

Feb. 13. Sir Hy. Goodricke, bt., lieut.

gen. ordn.
June 3. Chas., M. of Winchester, cr. D.

of Bolton, Feb. 1698.
Nov. 20. Sidney, Id. Godolphin, first

commr. treasy. , Id. treasr. in

1702 ; cr. vise. Rialton and E.

of Godolphin, Dec. 1706.

Jan. 1. Sir John Trevor, sp. ho. commons,
prev. and subs. m. rolls.

May 7. John, E. of Bridgewater.

June 4. John Tillotson, abp. of Canter-
bury.

Mar. 1. Laurence, E. of Rochester, Id.
lieut. of Ireland, in 1701.
Richd. , E. of Ranelagh, paym. of

the forces.
Chas., Id. Cornwallis, first commr.

admy.
Sir Edwd. Seymour, bt., commr.
treasy.
Mar. 17. Anthy., vise. Falkland, commr.
admy.
Robt., Id. Lexinton.

Mar. 23. Sir John Somers, Id. kpr. ; cr. Id.
Somers and made Id. chanc,
Dec. 1697.
Sir John Trenchard, sec. st.

Apr. 18. Thos., Id. Coningsby, of Ireland,
late Id. just, in that kingdom;
aft. Id. Coningsby, of Lincoln,
and E. of Coningsby. Struck
from the list, Nov. 7, 1724.

Mar. 4. Chas., E. of Shrewsbury, sec. at.;

cr. M. of Alton and D. of

Shrewsbury, Apr. following.
May 3. John, M. of Normanby. Struck

from the list, Mar. 12, 1695.
Chas., vise. Dursley, succ. as E.

Berkeley.
May 10. Thos., E. of Stamford.

Chas. Montague, ch. ex., first Id.

treasy.. May 1697; or. Id.

Halifax, Dec. 1700.

King William III., alone.

1695.

Jan. 31. Thos. Tennyson, abp. of Canter-
bury.

May 3. Sir Wm. Trumbull, sec. st.

May 5. Meinhardt, D. of Schomberg,
comm. in ch.
Ford, E. of Tankerville, aft. first
commr. treasy. and Id. pr. seal.
Peregrine Bertie, v. chambn.

May 23. John Smith, commr. treasy., aft.
ch. ex. and sp. ho. commons.

Apr. 9. Jas., D. of Ormond, aft. comm.

in ch.
Nov. 19. Sir Jos. Williamson, app., with

the E. of Pembroke and vise.

Villiers, plen. to treat for peace

with France.

Nov. 25. Edwd., E of Jersey, app. Id.

just, of Ireland ; aft. Id. chambn.

to the king ; sec. st. 1700.
Dec. 5. Jas. Vernon, sec. st.

May 18. Robt., Id. Ferrers, cr. vise. Tam-
worth and E. Ferrers, July
1711.

June 9. Chas., E. of Manchester, cr. D. of
Manchester. Apr. 1719.

June 19. John, E. of Marlborough, cr. M.
of Blandford and D. of Marl-
borough, Dec. 1702. His name
had been removed from the list
of pr. councillors, June 23,
1692; but it was now restored,
and he re-sworn. See year 1689.

1700.

May 21. Sir Nathan Wright, Id. kpr.
Nov. 6. Sir Chas. Htdges, sw. a second
time ; sec. st., May 2, 1702.

1701.

Mar. 27. Hy. Boyle, ch. ex. ; sec. st., Feb.
1708.

June 19. Robt., E. of Lindsey, Id. gr.
chambn. of England; cr. M. of
Lindsey, Dec. 1706, and D. of
Ancaater and Kesteven, July
1715.
Chas., E. of Carlisle, earl marsh,
during minority of Thos., D. of
Norfolk, the hered. earl marsh,
of England.

June 28. Chas., D. of S<jmerset, Id. pres.

1702.

Jan. 1. Chas. Bodvillo, E. of Radnor.
Jan. 8. Chas., E. of Burlington.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

195

QcEEN Anne.

1702.

Apr. 21. John, M. of Normanby, Id. pr.

eeal ; cr. D. of Buckinghamsh.

and D. of Normanby, Mar. 1703.

Montagu, E. of Abingdon, const.

T. Lond.
Sir John Leveson Gower, chanc.
d. Lane. ; cr. Id. Gower, of
Sittenham, Mar. 1703.
John How, aft. joint paym. gen.
of the forces.
May 2. Danl., E. of Nottingham sec. st.
May 21. Geo., E. of Northampton.
June 18. Thos.. vise. Weymouth.

Wm., Id. Dartmouth, cr. vise.
Lewisham and E. of Dartmouth,
Sept. 1711.
Hon. John Granville, Id. wden.
stanns. ; cr. Id. Granville, Mar.
1703.
Sir Thos. Trevor, oh. just. c. p.;
cr. Id. Trevor, of Bromham,
Dec. 1711.
Nov. 19. Sir Geo. Rooke, v. adm. of Eng-
land.
Dec. 10. John, Id. Poulett, cr. vise. Hin-
ton and E. Poulett, Dec. 1706.

1703.

Mar. 20. John Sharp, abp. of York.
Thos., E. of Thanet.
Heneage, Id. Guernsey ; cr. E. of

Aylesford, Oct. 1714, and made

chanc. d. Lane.

1704.

Apr. 27. Hy., E. of Kent, Id. chambn. ; cr.
vise. Goderick, E. of Harold,
and M. of Kent, Dec. 1706.
Robt. Harley, sp. ho. commons ;
sec. St., May following; cr. E.
of Oxford and E. Mortimer,
May 1711.
Thos. Mansell, compt. hhold.; cr.
Id. Mansell, Dec. 1711.

1705.

Mar. 29. John, D. of Newcastle, Id. pr.
seal.
Chas., E. of Peterborough, gen.
Hugh, vise. Cholmondeley, in Ire-
land ; cr. vise. Malpas and E. of
Cholmondeley, Dec. 1706 ; aft.
treasr. hhold.

May 3. Thos. Erie, It. gen. ordn.

Oct. 11. "Wm. Cowper, Id. kpr. ; cr. Id.
Cowper, of Wingham, and E.
Cowper; Id. chanc, May 1711.

1706.

June 10. Thos., E. of Derby, chanc. d. Lane.

Dec. 3. Chas., E. of Sunderland, sec. st.,

appd. Id. lieut. of Ireland in

Sept. 8.
June 26.

Aug. 18,
Oct. 6.

Nov. 25.

Feb. 3.

Mar. 3.
June 2.
Nov. 8.

1714, but never went over; first
Id. treasy.. Mar. 1718.
Thos. Coke, v. chambn. ; aft. Id.
Level, vise. Coke, and E. of
Leicester.

1707.

Wm., D. of Devonshire, Id. st.
hhold.

1708.

Evelyn, M. of Dorchester, cr. D.
of Kingston, July 1715.

Hy. ,E. of Bindon. dep. earl marsh,
of England; first Id. tr., 1715.

John, E. of Mar, see. st. for Scot-
land.

Chas., vise. Townshend, aft. sec.st.

Jas., D. of Queensbury, now sec.
st. for Scotland.

Jas., E. of Seafield, late Id. high
treasr. for Scotland ; succ. as E.
of Findlater ; last Id. chanc. of
Scotland.

Jas. , D. of Montrose, late Id. high
adm. of Scotland.

Richd., E. Rivers, gen.

Algernon, E. of Essex.

Hugh, E. of Loudoun, one of the
commrs. for the union with
Scotland ; Id. kpr. in that king-
dom.

1709.

John, D. of Argyle (Argyll), genl.
cr. bar. of Chatham and E. of
Greenwich, Nov. 1705, and D.
of Greenwich, Apr. 1719.

John, D. of Roxburgh.

Sir John Holland, compt. hhold.

Edwd. , E. of Orford.

1710.

Feb. 18. Richd., E. of Bradford.

Mar. 30. Sir Thos. Parker, Id. ch. just.
q. b. ; cr. Id. Parker, Mar.
1716, and made Id. chanc. May
1718; vise. Parker and E. of
Macclesfield, Nov. 1721. Struck
from the list, May 31, 1725,
having previously (Jan. 4, 1725)
surr. the seal.

June 15. Sir Richd. Onslow, bt., sp. ho.
commons ; ch. ex., Oct. 1714.

July 10. John, E. of Anglesey, v. t. easr. in
Ireland ; d. Sept. following.

Sept. 21. Hy. St. John, late sec. at war,
now sw. sec. st. ; aft. Id. St.
John, of Battersea, and vise St.
John and vise. Bolingbroke.

Oct. 19. Sir Simon Harcourt, Id. kpr. ; cr.
Id. Harcourt, of Stanton-Har-
court ; Id. chanc. in 1713; vise,
Sept. 1721.
Hy., Id. Hyde, joint v. treasr. of
Ireland; suec. as E- of Clarendon
and Rochester, in 1723.
13 •

IH,

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Oct 19. Arthur, E. of Anglesey, brother
of the late John, made joint v.
treasr. of Ireland in his room.

1711.

Feb. 9. Chas., E. of Orrery, app. cnv.
ex. to the States General, and
to the council of state in the
Low Countries.
Mar. 1. Geo., E. of Orkney, gen.
Apr. 19. Wm.,M. of Annandale, Id. high
commr. to the kirk of Scotland ;
Id. kpr. pv. seal in that king-
dom in 1715.
June 14. Chas., E. of Winchilsea ; d. the
next year.
Robt. Benson, eh. ex. ; cr. Id.
Bingley, July 1713 ; sent amb.
to Spain.
Hy. Paget, capt. yeom. gd. ; cr.
Id. Burton, vita jiatris, Dec.
following ; succ. his father as
Id. Paget, 1713 ; cr. E. of
Uxbridge, 1714.
June23. Thos., Id. Raby, amb. to the
States General ; cr. vise. Went-
■worth and E. of Strafford, Sept.
following ; first Id. admy. , Sejot.
1712.
Wm. Bromley, sp. ho. commons ;
aft. sec. St.
Sept. 3. John Robinson, bp. of Bristol,
Id. pr. seal ; tr. to London;
plen. at Utrecht.
Dec. 13. Edwd.,E. of Clarendon.

Archd., E. of Islay, Id. just. gen.
of Scotland; succ. his brother
as D. of Argyle (Argyll), Oct.
1743.
Wm., Id. North and Grey, made
gov. of Portsmouth.

1712.

Apr. 17. John, D. of Atholl, extry. Id. of
sess. ; comm. in ch. of all the
land forces in Scotland.

Aug. 18. Geo., Id. Lansdowne of Bideford,
treasr. hhold.

Oct. 20. David, E. of Portmore, gen., gov.
of Gibraltar.
John Hill, brigadier, lieut. gen.
ordn.

Dec. 11. Eras., Id. Guilford.

1713..
Apr. 7. Geo.,D. of Northumberland.

Sir John Stonehouse, bt., compt.
hhold.
Nov. 1. Sir Wm. Wyndham, bt., ch. ex.

Kino George I.

1714.

Sept. 22. Geo. pr. of Wale.s (aft. George

II.), introd., not sw.

Sept. 22. Sir Wm. Dawes, bt., abp. of
York.

Sept. 27. Ja.s. Stanhope, sec. st., first Id.
treasy., &c., Apr. 1717 ; cr. Id.
and vise. Stanhope, July 1717 ;
and E. Stanhope, Apr. 1718.

Oct. 1. Robt. Walpole, aft. sir R. , paym.
of the forces -. cr. Id. Hough-
ton, vise. Walpole, and E. of
Orford, Feb. 1742. Filled va-
rious offices in the state, and
was upwards of twenty - one
years prime minister.

Oct. 29. John, E. of Stair, ambass. to
France.
Paul Methuen, commr. of the
treasv., amb. to Spain ; sec. st.,
July '1716.

Nov. 16. Lionel, E. of Dorset, Id. wden. of
Cinque Ports, and gov. of Dover
castle: decl. Id. pres., Jan.
1715 ; D. of Dorset, June 1720.
Hy., E. of Uxbridge. capt. veom.
gd.
Nov. 22. Hy., Id. Carleton, decl. Id. pres.
June 25, 1721.

1715.

Mar. 29. Sir Peter King, Id. ch. jast. c. p.,

cr. Id. King, and made Id.

chanc. June 1, 1725.
Aug. 31. Chas., D. of Grafton, app. Id.

just. Ireland.
Sept. 23. Hy., E. of Galway, app. Id. just.

Ireland.
Oct. 26. Jas., E of Derby, capt. yeom. gd.
Hy. , E. of Lincoln, paym. forces.

1716.

Jan. 20. Wm. Wake, abp. of Canterbury.

July 6. Chas., E. of Tankcrville.

Richd., Id. Cobham. const, of
Wind.sor Castle, and kpr. of the
parks, forests, and warrens
there ; cr. vise. Cobham, ilav
17^8.
Spencer Compton, sp. ho. com-
mons ; cr. Id. Wilmington,
Jan. 1728 ; and vise. Pevensey
and E. of Wilmington, May
1730 ; decl. Id. pres., Dec. 31,
same year ; first Id. treasy.,
Feb. 1742.
Wm.Pulteney, sec. at war. Sti-uck
from the list .Ixihj, 1, 1731. See
year 1742.

July 12. John Aislabie, treasr. navy ;
ch. ex.. Mar. 1718. Struck
from the list some time between
"Sept. 13, 1720, and May 21,
1722.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

J®7

1717,

Mar. 2. John Smith, tell. ex.
Mar. 30. Thos., Id. Torrington, commr.
treasy.
Wm. , Id. Cadogan, gen. of all
H. M.'s foot forces ; cr. E. of
Cadogan, May 1718.
Apr. 16. Thos. Pelham Holies, D. of New-
castle, Id. chambn. ; filled
various high offices in the state ;
first Id. treasy.. Mar. 18,
1754.
Thos., E. of Westmoreland, ch.
jnst. in eyre of H. M.'s forests
south of the Trent; first
commr. of tr. and plant., May
1719.
Jas., E. of Berkeley, first Id.

admy.
Jos. Addison, sec. st.
July 31. Sir Jos. Jekyll, m. rolls.
Nov. 27. Geo., E. of Halifax.

1718.

Feb. 13. Robt., E. of Holdernesse, first
commr. of tr. and plant.

Mar. 16. Jas. Craggs, jun., sec. st.

Mar. 31. Richd. Hampden, treasr. navy.

July 1. Sir Nichs. Lechmere, att.-gen. ;
made chanc. d. Lane. ; cr. Id.
Lechmere, Aug. 1721.

Oct. 9. Sir John Pratt, Id. ch. just. k. b.

1719.

May 9. Chas. Wills, It. gen. ordn.

1720.

Mar. 22. Wm., E. of Coventry.

1721.

Jan. 3. John, E. of Sutherland.

Sir Geo. Byng, adm. ; cr. Id.
Byng, of Southill, and vise.
Torrington, Sept. following.
Mar. 5. John, Id. Carteret, sec. st. ; app.
Id. lieut. of Ireland, 1724 ; succ.
as E. Granville, Oct. 1744 ; Id.
pres., June 17, 1751.
"Nov. 11. Jas.,D. of Chandos.

David, E. of Portmore.
Chas., Id. Cornwallis, late joint
postm. gen. ; d. the next year.

1722.

May 9. Sir Robt. Sutton, amb. succes-
sively to CoEtstantinople, to
Holland, and to France.

1723.

May 26. Fras., E. of Godolphin, gr. stole.

Edmd. Gibson, bp. of London.
May 29. Jas. , E. of Findlater.

1724.

Jan. 23. Peregrine, D. of Ancaster arid
Kesteven, Id. gr. chambn. of
England.

Dec. 10. Lancelot Blackburn, abp. of
York.

1725.

Apr. 12. Sir Robt. Raymond, Id. ch. just,
k. b. ; cr. Id. Raymond, Jan.
1731.
June 1. Chas., D. of Bolton, const. T.
Lond.

Danl., Id. Finch, compt. hhold.;
succ. as E. of Winchilsea and
Nottingham on his father's de-
cease in 1730; Id. pres. July
12, 1765.

Sir Robt. Eyre, Id. ch. just.
c. p.

Hy. Pelham, sec. at war.; paym.
gen. in 1730 ; first Id. treasy. ,
Aug. 1743. Mr. Pelham was
the head of the celebrated
" Broad- Bottom " administra-
tion.

1726.

Mar. 11. Thos., Id. Trevor, Id. pr. seal.
May 31. Chas., D. of Queensberry and
Dover, v. adm. of Scotland.
Alexr., E. of Marchmont.
Nov. 4. Hy., vise. Lonsdale, const. T.
Lond.

1727.

May 31. Wm. Stanhope, v. chambn. ; cr.
Id. Harrington, Dec. 1729 ; Id.
pres., Feb. 13, 1742.

King George II.

1727.

June 15. Richd., E. of Scarborough, m.

horse.
July 5. Hy., E. of Grantham, Id. chambn.

to the queen.
July 17. John, D. of Rutland, chanc. d.

Lane.
Aug. 5. Talbot, E. of Sussex, dep. earl

marsh.

1728.

Feb. 26. Philip, E. of Chesterfield, app.

amb. to France ; Id. lieut. of

Ireland, 1745.
June 25. Arthur Onslow, sp. ho. commons.
Dec. 18. Fredk., prince of Wales, introd.,

not sw.

1729.

May 15. Richd., E. of Burlington, aft.
capt. gent. pens.

198

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1730.

May 8. John, Id. Hervey, v. chambn.;

cr., vita patris, Id. Hervey, of

Ickworth, June 1733.

June 11. Robt. Id. Bingley, treasr. hhold.

Sir Convers D'Arcy, compt.

hhold. '
Sir Wm. Strickland, bt., sec. at
■war.
Sept. 12. Horatio Walpole, cofifr. hhold.; cr.
Id. Walpole, of Woolterton,
June 175G.

1731.
June 12. Wm., D. of Devonshire, Id. pr.
seal ; Id. lieut. of Ireland in
1737.
John, Id. de la Warr, treasr.
hhold.
Nov. 29. John, E. of Leicester, const. T.
Lond.

1732.

May 4. Hon. Pattee Byng, treasr. navy ;
succ. his father as vise. Tor-
rington, Jan. 1733.

1733.
Jan. 25. Sir Chas. Wager, adm. ; first Id.

admy.
Nov. 1. Chas., E. of Selkirk, Id. elk. reg.

of Scotland.
Sir Philip Yorke, Id. ch. just. k.

b. ; cr. Id. Hardwicke, Nov.

23 following, and E. of Hard-

■wicke, Apr. 1754 ; Id. chanc.

Feb. 21, 1737. He continued,

it is said, ch. just, until June

7, though he had kissed hands

for the great seal.
Nov. 29. Chas. Talbot, Id. chanc; cr. Id.

Talbot, Dec. 5, following.

1734.

Jan. 31. Jas., D. of Atholl,ld. kpr. gr. seal
of Scotland.

1735.
Jan. 9. Chas., D. of Richmond, m. horse.

Hy., E. of Pembroke, gr. stole.
Feb. 12. Wm., E. of Essex, aft. capt.
yeom. gd.
Jas., E. of Waldograve, v. adm.

of Essex.
Stephen Poyntz, recr. gen. of ex-
cise. He res. this office to his
brother, Wm. Poyntz.
Benjn., E. Fitz waiter, first commr.
of tr. and plant.
Nov. G. Sir Wm. Yonge, bt., sec. at war.

1736.
Jan. 22. John, D. of Montagu, capt. gent,
pens.

Feb. 19. Sir Thos. Reeve, Id. ch. just. c. p.;

d. Jan. the next year.
May 21. Geo., E. of Cholmondeley, chanc

d. Lane.

1737.

Mar. 17. John Potter, abp. of Canter-
bury.
Sir John Willes, Id. ch. just. c. p.
July 21. John, lord Monson, first commr.
of tr. and plant.
Sir Wm. Lee, Id. ch. just. k. b.

1738.

July 20. Jas., E. of Abercom, Id. bed-ch.
Oct. 12. Hon. John Verney, m. rolls: d.
Aug. 1741.

1739.

Sept. G. Sir John Norris, v. adm. of Eng-
land.

1740.

May 1. Lord Sidney Beauclerk, v.

chambn. hhold.
May 12. Chas., Id. Cornwallis, const. T.

Lond. ; cr. E. Cornwallis. June

1753.

1741.

Apr. 27. Thos. Winnington,commr.trea8y.;

cr. a bt. ; made paym. forces.
Nov. 19. Wm. Fortescue, m. rolls.

1742.

Feb. IG. John, M. of Tweeddale,sec. st. for
Scotland.
Saml. Sandys, ch. ex. ; cr. Id.
Sandys, Dec. 1743 ; coifr.
hhold, 1747 ; ch. just, in eyre,
1759 ; first Id. of tr. and plant.
Mar. 17G1.

Feb. 20. Peregrine, D. of Ancaster and
Kesteven (son of Peregrine, pr.
councr., Jan. 1724). Id. gr.
chambn. of England.
Wm. Pulteney, whose name had
been struck from the council,
July 1731, now rest. Cr. E.
of Bath, July 1742. See year
171G. First minister as head
of the '■'■ Short - lived" admin-
istration, which endured but
two days.

May 17. Wm., D. of Cumberland, introd. ,
not sw.

Juno 24. Geo. Wade, It. gen. ordn. ; aft.
field-marsh, and comm. in ch.
Thos. Clutterbuck, treasr. navy.

July 13. John, Id. Gower, Id. pr. seal ;
cr. E. Gower, July 1746.
Allen, Id. Bathurst, capt. gent,
pens. ; cr. E. Bathurst, Aug.
1772.
Hon. Wm. Finch, v. chambn.
hhold.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

199:

1743.

Apr. 25. Thos. Herring, abp. of York ;
tr. to Canterbury.

nu.

Jan. 5. Richd., Id. Edgcumbe, chanc. d.

Lane.
Jan. 19. Sir John Rushout, bt., treasr.

navy.
Dec. 17. John, D. of Bedford, first Id.

admy. ; Id. lieut. of Ireland,

Sept. 1757; Id. pr. seal, Nov.

1761; Id. pres.,Sept. 9, 1763.

1745.

Jan. 3. .John, Id. Hobart, capt. gent,
pens. ; cr. E. of Buckingham-
shire, Aug. 1746.
Geo. Dodington, treasr. navy ;
again, Jan. 1756 ; cr. Id.
Melcombe, Apr. 1761.

1746.

Wm. Pitt, paym. gen. of the
forces ; sec. st. , Dec. 1756 ;
again sec, June, 1757; cr. E.
of Chatham, and made Id. pr.
seal, July 1766.
July L'o. Hy. Fox, sec. at war; sec. st.,
Nov. 1755 ; paym. gen. of the
forces, 1757 ; cr. Id. Holland,
Apr. 1763.

1747.

Jan. 15. Wm., E. of Jersey.

1748.

Feb. 10. Matthew Hutton, abp. of York ;
tr. to Canterbury.

1749.

Jan. 11. Geo. Dunk, E. of Halifax, first
commr. of tr. and plant. ; Id.
lieut. of Ireland, 1761 ; first
Id. admy., June 1762; sec. st.,
Nov. 1763; Id. pr. seal, Feb.
1770; again sec. st. , Jan.
1771.
Thos. Sherlock, bp. of London.

Feb. 1. John, E. of Sandwich, late min.
plen. to the congress at Aix-
la-Chapelle, first Id. admy. ;
sec. St., 1763; again first Id.
admy., Jan. 1771.
Sir John Ligonier, lieut. gen.
ordn. ; cr. vise. Ligonier, in
Ireland, Dec. 1757 ; Id. Ligo-
nier, of Ripley, Apr. 1763 ; and
E. Ligonier, Sept. 1766. Field-
marsh, and comm. in ch., 1757.

June 12. Chas., D. of Marlborough, Id. st.
hhold.

June 28. Hon. Hy. Bilson Legge, treasr.
navy ; ch. ex. Apr. 1754 ;
again, Nov. 1756.

1750.

Jan. 17. Sir John Strange, m. rolls.

Mar. 29. John, E. of Hyndford, late min. to
the empress of Russia.
Geo., Id. Anson, v. adm. of Eng-
land ; first Id. admy., Jane
1751; ff<7«ni, July 1757.
Sir Thos. Robinson, dep. master
of the gr. wardr. ; sec. st., Apr.
1754 ; cr. Id. Grantham, Apr.
1761.

1751.

Apr. 30. Simon, E. Harcourt ; aft. env.

to Mecklenburg, France, &c. ;

Id. lieut. of Ireland, Nov. 1772.
June 21. Robt. . E. of Holdernesse, sec.

St.

July 12. Wm., M. of Hartington, m. horse.
Called to the house of peers,
vita patris, as Id. Cavendish,
same time ; Id. lieut. of Ire-
land, 1755 ; succ. as D. of
Devonshire on his father's de-
cease,Dec. 1755; first Id. treasy.
1756. Struck from the list, Nov.
3, 1762.
Wm. Anne, E. of Albemarle, gr.
stole.

1752.

Feb. 13. John, Id. Berkeley, of Stratton,
late capt. yeom. gd., treasr.
hhold., 1755.
Sir Geo. Lee, judge prerog. court.

Dec. 20. Jas., E. of Waldegrave, gov. to
the pr. of Wales.

1754.

June 21. Wills, E. of Hillsborough, comptr.
hhold., first Id. of trade, Sept.
1763 ; again Aug. 1766 ; joint
postm. gen. Dec. 1766 ; and
again Id. of trade, Jan. 1768;
cr. E. of Hillsborough, in Eng-
land, Aug. 1772 ; and M. of
Downshire, in Ireland, Aug.
1789.

Hon. Geo. Grenville, treasr. navy ;
again treasr. navy, Nov. 1756 ;
first Id. admy., Jan. 1763 ; first
Id. treasy. Apr. following.

Sir Dudley Ryder, Id. ch. just,
k. b.

Sir Thos. Clarke, m. rolls.

Sir Geo. Lyttelton, bt., coffr.
hhold.: ch. ex., Nov. 1755; cr.
Id. Lyttelton, Nov. 1756.

1755.

Jan. 9. Harry. D. of Bolton.

John, E. of Egmont, joint postm.
gen. , Aug. 1762 ; first Id. admy.,
Sept. 1763.

200

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Mar. 11. Wm. Hy., E. of Rochford, gr.
stole.
Wm., vise. Barrington, mast. gr.
wardr. ; sec. at war, Nov. same
year ; ch. ex., Mar. 1761 ;
treasr. navy, June 1762 ; again
sec. at war, July 1765.

Dec. 22. Granville, E. Gower, Id. pr. seal ;
Id. pres.,Dec. 22, 1767; again,
Dec. 19, 1783 ; cr. M. of Staf-
ford, Feb. 1786.

1756.

Jan. 27. John, Id. Hobart, compt. hhold. ;

succ. as E. of Buckinghamshire

on his father's decease, Sept.

followiqg ; amb. to Russia, July

1762; Id. lieut. of Ireland,

Jan. 1777.
July 7. Robt., Id. Raymond.
Nov. 19. Richd., E. Temple, first Id. admy. ;

Id. pr. seal, June following.
John, vise. Bateman, treasr.

hhold.
Wm., Id. Mansfield, Id ch. just.

k. b.
Hon. Richd. Edgcumbe, compt.

hhold.; succ. as Id. Edgcumbe

on the death of his father in

1768.
Dec. 15. Hugh, vise. Falmouth, capt.

yeom. gd.

1757.

Mar. 26. Thos., D, of Leeds, cofl'r. hhold.
Apr. 1. Hon. Chas. Townshend, treasr. of

the chamber and a Id. of tr.

and plant. ; paym. gen. of the

forces. Mar. 1761, and ch. ex.,

Aug. 1766.
June 30. John Gilbert, abp. of York.

Sir Robt. Henley, Id. kpr., cr.

Id. Henley, Mar. 1760; made

Id. cbanc, Jan. 1761 ; and E.

of Northington, May following ;

Id. pres., July 30, 1766.
July 8. Percy Wyndham, E. of Thomond,

treasr. hhold.

1758.

Jan. 27. Lord Geo. Sackville (Germaino).
Struck from the fist, Apr. 25,
1760. See Dec. 1765.
Thos., vise. Dupplin, chanc. d.
Lan(!. ; succ. as E. of Kinnoul
on his father's decease, June
following.

May 8. Thos. Seeker, abp. of Canter-
bury.

.Dec. 22. Chas. Paulett, M. of Winchester,
succ. as D. of Bolton on his
father's decease, Oct. 1769.

1759.

Feb. 2. Hon. Edwd. Boscawen, adm.. Id.
admy., and gen. of marines.

Dec. 15. Robt. Nugent, Id. treasy. ; cr. Id.
Nugent and vise. Clare, of Ire-
land, Dec. 1766 ; and E. Nugent,
1776.

1760.

Feb. 9. Basil, E. of Denbigh, aft. Id.

bed-ch.
Mar. 20. Welbore Ellis, joint v. treas. in

Ireland ; sec. at war, Dec. 1762;

and aft. filled various offices,

that of sec. st., Feb. 1782; cr.

Id. Mendip, Aug. 1794.
May 2. John, M. of Qranby, lieut. gen.

ordn. ,aft. mast, gen.; comm. in

ch., Aug. 1766.

King George III.
1760.

Oct. 27. Edwd., D. of York, introd.,not

sworn.
John, E. of Bute, gr. stole ; sec.

St., Mar. 1761 ; first Id. treasy.,

May 1762.
Dec. 2. Fras., E. of Huntingdon, m.

horse.
Hon. Geo. Townshend, gen. ; lieut.

gen. ordn., 1763 ; succ. as vise.

Townshend, Mar. 1764 ; Id.

lieut. of Ireland, Oct. 1767 ;

mast. gen. ordn., 1772 ; M. of

Townshend, Oct. 1787.
Dec. 17. Philip, vise. Royston, succ. as E.

of Hardwicke, Mar. 1764,

1761.

Jan. 28. Geo., E. of Albemarle, gov. of

Jersey.
Mar. 17. Anthy.,' E. of Shaftesbury.
Mar. 20. Sir Fras. Dashwood, bt., treasr. of

the chamber; ch. ex.. May 1762 ;

joint postm. gen., Dec. 1766;

succ.to title of Id. Le Despencer,

1763.
Mar. 25. Wm. , E. Talbot, Id. stewd. hhold.
Apr. 3. Hon. Jas. Grenvillo, coffr. hhold.;

aft. joint V. treasr. of Ireland.
June 25. Hv. Arthur, E. of Powis, compt.

'hhold.
July 8. Chas., E. of Egremont; sec. st.,

Oct. following.
Sept. 4. Hon. Jas. Stuart Mackenzie, min.

to Sardinia ; Id. pr. seal of Scot-
land, 1763.
Nov. 7. Robt. Drummond, abp. of York.
Thos. Havter, bp. of London : </,

1762.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

2ai

■1762.

Jan. 2. John, D. of Argyll.

Feb. 15. Lord Geo. Cavendish, compt.

hhold.
Sir Chas. Pratt, Id. ch. just. c. p. ;

cr. Id. Camden, July 1765 ; Id.

chanc, July 1766; Id. pres..

Mar. 27, 1782; E. Camden,

May 1786.
Mar. 13. Richd. Osbaldeston, bp. of Lon-
don ; d. 1764.
July 14. Geo. Hy., E. of Lichfield, capt.

gent. pens.
Sir John Cust, bt., sp. ho.

commons.
Gilbert Elliot, late Id. treasy. ;

treasr. of the chamber ; succ. as

bt. on his father's decease ;

treasr. navy. Mar. 1770.
Nov. 17. Jas., Id. Tyrawley, gen., late

gov. of Gibraltar ; field marsh.,

1763.
Nov. 22. Geo., D. of Marlborough, Id.

chamb. hhold.
Hugh, E. of Marchmont, kpr.gr.

seal of Scotland, 1764.
Hugh, E. of Northumberland,

queen's Id. chamb. ; Id. lieut.

of Ireland, 1763.
Nov. 26. Hans Stanley, Id. admy.
Dec. 15. Jas., Id. Strange, chanc. d.

Lane.

1763.

Jan. 10. Humphry Morrice, compt. hhold.

Sir John Phillips, bt.
Apr. 20. Wm., E. of Shelbume, first

commr. of tr. and plant. ; sec.

St., Aug. 1766 ; first Id.

treasy., July 1782; cr. M. of

Lansdowne, Nov. 1784.
Lord Chas. Spenoer, comptr.

hhold.
Jas. Oswald, joint v. treasr. in

Ireland.
Apr. 22. Stephen, E. of Ilchester, honoria

causa.
June 1. Fras., E. of Hertford, cr. E. of

Yarmouth and M. of Hertford.

July 1793.
July 20. David, vise. Stormont, amb. ext.

to Germany ; sec. st., Oct. 1779;

Id. pres., Apr. 2. 1783; succ.

as E. of Mansfield, Mar. 1793 ;

again Id. pres., Dec. 1794.
Sept. 9. Thos., lord Hyde, joint postm.

gen. ; chanc. d. Lane, June

1771 ; cr. E. of Clarendon,

June 1776.

1764.

July 11. Richd. Terrick, bp. of London.
Dec. 12. Sir Thos. Sewell, m. rolls.
Dec. 19. Wm. Hy., D. of Gloucester,
introd., not sworn.

1765.

May 29. Thos., vise. Weymouth, app. Id.

lieut. of Ireland, but did not go

over ; sec. st. in 1768 ; again

in 1775 ; cr. M. of Bath, Aug.

1789.
Lord Fredk. Campbell, kpr. pr.

seal of Scotland.
July 10. Wm. Hy., D. of Portland, Id.

chamb. ; Id. lieut. of Ireland',

1782 ; first Id. treasy., Apr.

1783 ; Id. pres., July 30, 1801 ;

again first Id. treasy.. Mar.

1807.
Aug. Hy. , D. of Grafton, sec. st. ;

first id. of the treasy., Aug.

1766 ; first min. of the or., Dec.

1767 ; Id. pr. seal, 1771.
Chas., M. of RockingKam, first

Id. treasy. ; again, Mar. 1782.
Hon. Hy. Seymour Conway, sec.

st. ; comm. in ch., 1782.
Wm. Dowdeswell, ch. ex.
July 12. Richd., E. of Scarborough, coffr.

hhold. ; app. dep. earl marsh, of

England shortly afterwards.
John, E. of Ashburnham, kpr.

gr. wardr.
Wm., E. of Besborough, joint

postm. gen.
Geo. Bussy, vise. Villiers, v.

chambn. ; succ. as E. of Jersey

on his father's decease, Aug.

1769.
July 26. Wm., E. of Dartmouth, first

commr. of tr. and plant. ; sec.

St., Aug. 1772.
Richd., vise. Howe, treasr. navy ;

first Id. admv, Jan. 1783. ; cr,

earl Howe, July 1788.
Geo., Id. Edgcumbe, treasr.

hhold. ; cr. vise. Mount-Edg-

cumbe and Yalletort, Mar. 1781 ;

and E. of Mount-Edgcumbe,

Aug. 1789.
Sept. 6. Thos. Pelham,compt.hhold.; sice.

as Id. Pelham on the decease of

his cousin, the D. of Newcastle,

Nov. 1768 ; cr. E. of Chichester,

June 1801.
Chas., D. of Richmond, aft. sec.

Oct. 23.
Nov. 22.
Dec. 20.

Ralph, earl Yerney, of the king-
dom of Ireland.

Lord Geo. Sackville (his name,
struck out in 1760, now rest.),
app. a V. treasr. of Ireland ; sec.
St., Jan. 1776; took the name
of Germaine on succeeding to
the estates of lady Germaine ;
cr. vise. SackviUe, Feb. 1782.
See Jan, 1758.

202

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1766.

Feb. 10. Chas., D. of Dorset, Id. lieut. of

Kent.
May 1^. John, E. of Breadalbane, kpr. of

the pr. seal of Scotland.
Sept. 10. Sir John Eardley Wilmot, Id. ch.

just. c. p.
Sir Chas. Saunders, first Id.

admy.
Isaac Barrc, a v. treasr. in Ire-
land : treasr. navy, Apr. 1782 ;

paymr. of the forces, July same

year.
Sept. 26. Geo. William, E. of Bristol, app.

Id. lieut. of Ireland, but did

not go over ; Id. pr. seal, Nov.

1768.
Dec. 3. Ht. Fredk., D. of Cumber-
land, introd. , not sworn.
John Shellev, aft. sir J., treasr.

hhold.
Dee. 10. Harry, D. of Bolton, gov. of the

Isle of Wight and of Carisbrook

Castle.
Fredk., Id. North, joint paymr.

of the forces ; ch. ex., Dec.

1767 ; and first Id. treasy. , Feb.

1770 ; succ. his father as E. of

Guilford, Aug. 1790.
Su- Edwd. Hawke, first Id.

admy. ; cr. lord Hawke, May

1776.

1767.

Dec. 23. Thos. Townshend, jun. , joint
paym. of the forces ; sec. at
war, Mar. 1782 ; sec. st., July
same year ; cr. Id. Sydney,
Mar. 1783 ; and vise. , June 1789.
Geo. Onslow, Id. treasy. ; cr. Id.
Cranley, May 1776 ; and vise.
Cranley and E. of Onslow, June
1801.

1768.

May 27. Hon. Thos. Harley, Id. mayor

Lond.
June 29. Chas., Id. Cathcart, amb. to

Russia.
Sir Jos. Yorke, amb. to the st.

gen. at the Hague ; cr. Id.

Dover, Sept. 1788.
Oct. 7. Hon. Fredk. Cornwallis, abp. of

Canterbury.
Dec. 16. Hy., D. of Newcastle, Id. lieut. of

Notts, and kpr. of Sherwood

forest.

Mar. 22. Sir Fletcher Norton, ch. just, in

eyre ; sp. ho. commons, Jan.

1770; cr. Id. Grantley, Mar.

1782.
Nov. 1. Sir Jas. Gray, bt., amb. ext. to

Spain.

1770.

Jan. 17. Hon. Chas. Yorke, app. Id. chanc,

and cr. lord Morden. but d.

before the seals were put to

his patent. He died on Jan.

20, having held the great seal

but three days.
Jan. 19. Edwd., D. of Somerset.
Feb. 26. Hon. Thos. Robinson, v. chambn.

to the queen ; succ. as Id.

Grantham, Sept. following ;

amb. to Spain, Feb. 1771 ; sec.

St., July 1782.
May 4. Geo. Rice, treasr. chamb. : late a

Id. of tr.
Nov. 21. Chas., earl Cornwallis, const. T.

Lond. ; cr. M. Cornwallis,

Aug. 1792 ; gov. gen. of Bengal

thrice, betw. Feb. 1786 and Oct.

1805 ; comm. in chief in India at

the same time.
Dec. 19. Hon. Hy. Fredk. Thynne, joint

postm. gen. ; cr. Id. Carteret,

Jan. 1784.

1771.

Jan. 22. Hy., E. of Suffolk and Berkshire,
Id. pr. seal : sec. st. June fol-
lowing.

Jan. 23. Hy. , Id. Apsley, Id. chanc. ;
succ. his father as earl Bathurst,
Sept. 1775 ; decl. Id. pres.,
Nov. 1779. Ld. high stewd. of
Gr. Britain for the trial of
Eliz., duchess of Kingston,
on an indictment for bigamy,
Feb. 1776.

Feb. 6. John Montagu, vise. Hinchinbrook,
V. chambn. ; succ. his father as
E. of Sandwich. Apr. 1792.
Sir Wm. de Grey, Id. ch. just. c.
p. ; cr. Id. Walsingham, Sept.
1780.

Mar. 1. Geo., E. of Pomfret, ranger of
Windsor Little Park.

Oct. 9. Sir Lawrence Dundas, bt., V. adm.
of Shetland and Orkney.

1772.

Nov. 6. Sir Jeffrey Amherst, It. gen. ordn;

cr. Id. Amherst, May 1776 ;

comm. in ch.. Mar. 1778,
Nov. 20. Sir Thos. Parker, late Id. ch. bar.

ex.

1773.

Feb. 8. Chas. Jenkinson, joint v. treasr.
of Ireland ; clerk of the pells in
Ireland, Aug. 1775 ; m. mint,
Sept. 1776 ; sec. at war, Dec.
1778 ; cr. Id. Hawkosbury,
.July 1786 ; chanc. d. Lane, and

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

pres. bd. tr., same year; cr.
E. of Liverpool, May 1796. He
filled these and various other
oflBces in the state from 1763
until 1804,

Aug. 4. Sir Wm. Lynch, min. to Sardinia.

Sept. 1. Sir John Goodricke, bt., late env.
ext. to Sweden.

1774.

Mar. 9. Sir "Wm. Meredith, comptr.hhold.
Jeremiah Dyson, coffr. hhold;
filled various offices in the
state.

1775.

May 12. Jas., D. of Chandos.
Nor. 17. Thos., Id. Lyttelton, warden, and
ch. just, in eyre beyond Trent.

1776.

May 31. Thos. Bruce, Id. Bruce : cr. E.

of Ailesbury, June 8 following.
June 5. Geo. Montagu, D. of Montagu,

gov. to the pr. of Wales ; m.

horse, Dec. 1780.
Sept. 20. Hy. Flood, joint v. treasr. in

Ireland. Struck from the list

by the Icinfs own hand.

1777.

Jan. 31. Wm. Markham, abp. of York.
June 13. Fredk., E. of Carlisle, treasr.

hhold.; pres. hd.tr., Nov. 1771)

Id. lieut. of Ireland, 1780.
Robt. Louth, bp. of London.
June 20. Chas. Townshend, joint v. treasr.

in Ireland ; cr. Id. Bayning,

Oct. 1797.
Dec. 3. Sir Sidney Stafford Smythe, late

Id. ch. bar. ex.
Dec. 24. Fras., M. of Carmarthen, chambn.

of the queen consort's hhold. ;

succ. as D of Leeds on his

father's decease, Mar. 1789.

1778.

June 3. Edwd., Id. Thurlow, Id. chanc.

1779.

Feb. 12. Robt., D. of Ancaster and Kes-
teven. Id. lieut. of Lincolnsh. ;
d. July 8, following. He was
hered, Id. gr. chambn. of Eng-
land, and on his death the
office fell into abeyance, and
remained in dispute for more
than a year.

Aug 4. John, vise. Mountstuart, env. est.
to Sardinia ; succ. his father
as E. of Bute, Mar. 1792;
cr. vise. Mountjoy, E. of Wind-
sor, and M. of Bute, Feb. 1796.

1780.

Feb. 2. Fras., vise. Beauchamp, Id.

treasy.
Feb. 9. Sir Richd. Worsley, bt., gov. of

the Isle of Wight.
June 9. Alex. Wedderburn, Id. ch. just.

c. p. ; cr. Id. Loughborough ;

Id. chanc. of England, Jan.

1793; cr. E. of Rosslyn, Apr.

180L
Sept. 27. Jas., E. of Salisbury, treasr.

hhold ; Id. chambn.. Dec. 1783;

cr. M. of Salisbury, Aug. 1789.
Nov. 8. Chas. WolfranCornewall, sp. ho.

commons.

1782.

Jan. 9. Richd., E. of Shannon, joint, v.

treasr. in Ireland.
Feb. 11. John, D. of Dorset.
Mar. 27. Lord John Cavendish, ch. ex.
Mar. 30. John Dunning, formerly sol. -gen. ;

cr. Id. Ashburton; chanc. d.

Lane.
Chas. Jas. Fox, sec. st. Struck

from the list May 9, 1798.

5ee year 1806.
Hon. Aug. Keppel, first Id.

admy. ; cr. vise. Keppel, Apr.

27, following.
Edmd. Burke, paym. forces.
Apr. 10. Geo., D. of Manchestei-, Id.

chambn.
Thos., E. of Effingham, treasr.

hhold ; m. mint, Jan. 1784.
Peter, E. Ludlow, compt. hhold.
Sir Geo. Yonge. bt., joint v.

treasr. in Ireland ; sec. at war,

July following.
Apr. 25. Geo., Id. de Ferrars, capt.

gent. pens. ; became M. of

Townshend, J 807.
May 3. Geo., vise. Chewton, v. chambn.

hhold ; succ. on the death of

his father as E. of Waldegrave,

Oct. 1784.
June 5. Lord Robt. Spencer, a commr. of

tr. and plant.
June 21. Hon. sir Wm. Howe, It. gen.

ordn. ; succ. as vise. Howe,

Aug. 1799.
July 10. Hon. Wm. Pitt, ch. ex. ; first

ld.treasv.,Dec. 27,1783; again.

May 12,' 1804, until his death,

Jan. 23, 1806.
July 31. Geo., E. Temple, app. Id. lieut. of

Ireland; sec. st., Dec. 1783;

er. M. of Buckingham, Nov.

1784 ; aqain Id. lieut. of Ire-
land in 1787.
Hy. Dundas, treasr. navy;«^a2'n,

Jan. 1784 ; home sec. June,

1791; col. sec. July, 1794;

pres. bd. contr. from July,

204

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1793, to May, 1801; cr. Id.
Dunira and vise. Melville, Dec.
1802. Struck from the list,
May 9, 1805. See April, 1807.
Oct. 2 Chas., E. of Tankerville, joint
postm. gen.

1783.

Feb. 17. Chas., D. of Rutland, Id. stewd.
hhold.

Apr. 7. Wm. Eden, late a Id. of tr., joint
v. treasr. in Ireland ; amb. to
France in 1857 ; aft. to Spain,
and to Holland ; cr. Id.
Auckland, Sept. 1789; joint
postni. gen., Mar. 1798.

Apr. 9. Chas. Greville, treasr. hhold.

Apr. 14. Geo. Jas., E. of Cholmondeley,
capt. yeom. gd.
Col., the hon. Richd. Fitzpatrick,
sec. at war; lieut. gen. ordn.,
1804; again sec. at war, Feb.
180G.
Fredk. Montagu, Id. treasy.

Apr. 30. John Moore, abp. of Canter-
bury.
Robt., E. of Northington, app. Id.
lieut. of Ireland.

Aug. 29. Edwd., E. of Derby, chanc. d.
Lane.
Geo. Augs. Fkkdk., pr. of
WALES,aft. George IV. ;inti-od.,
not sw.

Dec. 26. Jas. Grenville, a Id. of tr., Aug.
1786 ; cr. Id. Glastonbuiy, Oct.
1797.

Dec. 31. Heneage, E. of Aylesford, capt.
yeom. gd.
Tbos., Id. Walsingham, late a
Id. of tr., joint, v. treasr, in
Ireland; joint postm. gen.,
July, 1787. For twenty years
chairman of the committees of
the house of lords.
Wm. Wyndham Grenville, joint
paym. gen., v. pres. bd. tr.,
Aug. 1786 ; sp. ho. commons,
Jan. 1789 ; home sec, June
same year, and pres. bd.
contr. Mar. 1790 ; cr. Id. Gren-
ville, Nov. 1790 ; for. sec. , Juno
1791 ; first Id. treasy., Feb.
1806.

1784.

Jan. 7. Philip,E. of Chesterfield, amb. est.

to Spain ; joint postm. gen.,

Mar. 1790 ; m. horse, Feb. 1798.
Feb. 9. Lord Geo. Lenox, const. T. Lond.
! Apr. 2. Lloyd Kenyon, m. rollH, cr. a bt.

this year ; Id. ch. just. k. b.

Juno, 1788, and or. Id.

Kenyon.

Apr. 16. Robt., vise. Gal way, comptr.

hhold.
Apr. 23. Constantino John, Id. Mulgrave,

joint paym. gen. ; a Id. of tr.

and commr. bd. contr.
Aug. 20. Jas., E. of Courtown, treasr.

hhold.
Sept. 3. Sir Jas. Harris, env. ext. to the

States General ; cr. Id. Malmes-

bury, Sept. 1788, and vise.

Fitz-Harris and E. of Malmes-

bury, Dec. 1800; min- to several

courts of Europe.
Nov. 17. Geo., Id. Herbert, v. chambn.

hhold ; succ. his father as E.

of Pembroke, Feb. 1794.

1785.

Nov. 23. Thos. Orde (Powlett), sec. in
Ireland; a Id. of tr Aug.
1786. Assirmed the name of
Powlett on the decease of the
last D. of Bolton, 1794; cr.
Id. Bolton, Oct. 1797.

1786.

Sept. 6. John Foster, sp. ho. commons

of Ireland ; cr. Id. Oriel, July

1821.
John Beresford, first commr. of

rev. in Ireland.
Oct. 27. Sir John Parnell, bt., ch. ex. in

Ireland.

1787.

Jan. 5. John Hely Hutchinson, sec. st.

in Ireland. Held a plurahty of

appointments.
Feb. 19. John Chas. Villiers, compt.

hhold.
Mar. 23. Sir Jchn Skynner, Id. ch. bar.

ex.
Aug. 8. Fredk., D. of Yohk, introd.,

not sw.
Nov. 30. Alleyne Fitz-Herbert, ch. sec.

Ireland, env. ext. to the Hague,

May, 1789 ; cr. Id. St. Helen's of

Ireland, 1791; and of England,

July, 1801.
Dee. 7. Beilby Porteus, bp. of London.

June 18. Sir Richd. Popper Arden, m.

rolls, Id. ch. just. c. p., 1801 ;

or. id. Alvanley, May, same
year.

April 3. John, E. of Chatham, first Id.
admy. ; docl. Id. pres., Dec. 21,
17U6; mast. gen. ordn., June,
1801; again, Apr., 1807.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

205

Apr. 29. Sir Robt. Murray Keith, k.b.,

late amb. to Germany.
May 15. Sir Wm. Wynne, judge of the

prerog. court, &c. ; a Id. of

tr. in 1790.
June 23. Wm. Hy., D. of Clakence,

aft. William IV. ; introd., not

8W.

Hy. Addington, sp. ho. com-
mons ; first Id. treasy.,
Mar., 1801; or. vise. Sid-
mouth, Jan. 1805; Id. jjres.,
Ja'i. same year; Id. pr. seal,
Feb., and again Id. pres., Oct.
1806; a third time Id. pres.,
Apr. 1812; home sec. from
June 1812, to Jan. 1822.

Aug. 8. Jas., ]\I. of Graham, v. pres. bd.
tr., and, in Sept. following,
joint paym. gtn. ; succ. as D.
of Montrose, Sept. 1790; m.
horse, Dec. same year.

Oct. 14. John, E. of Westmoreland, Id.
lieut. of Ireland ; Id. pr. seal,
Feb. 1798 ; and again, Mar.
1807.

1790.

Mar. 3. Geo. Evelyn, vise. Falmouth,
capt. gent. pens.
Hon. Dudley Ryder, compt.
hhold. , commr. bd. contr. ; v.
pres. bd. tr., Oct. 1790; treasr.
navy, June 1800; succ. as Id.
Harrowby, June 1803 ; chanc.
d. Lane, July 1805 ; cr. vise.
Sandon and E. Harrowby, July
1809; pres. bd. contr., July,
same year; decl. Id. pres.,
June 1812.

May 28. Geo. Granville Leveson, earl
Gower, succ. his father as
M. of Stafford, Oct. 1803.

Oct. 1. John, Id. Fitzgibbon, Id. chanc
of Ireland; cr. vise. Fitzgib
bon, of Limerick, Dec. 1793;
E. of Clare, June 1795 ; and
Id. Fitzgibbon, of Sidbury, in
the English peerage, Sept.
1799.

1791.

Mar. 9. Thos. Steele, joint paym. gen. ;
prev. sec. treasy., &c.

Apr. 21. Geo., vise. Parker, compt. hhold.,
succ. his father as| E. of Mac-
clesfield, Feb. 1795.

June 8. Sir Wm. Hamilton, k.b., amb. to
Naples.

1792.

May 2. Geo., Id. Macartney, amb. to
China ; earl Macartney in Ire-
land, 1794.

June 15. Sir Jas. Eyre, Id. ch. bar. ex.;
aft. Id. ch. just. c. p.

1793.

Feb. 15. Sir Archd. Macdonald, Id. ch. bar.

ex.
May 1. Hon. Robt. Hobart, sec. in Ire-
land; col. sec. Mar. 1801;
summoned to parlt. in his
father's barony, vita patris, as
Id. Hobart, 1798 ; succ. as
E. of Buckinghamshire, Nov.
1804; joint postm. gen., Feb.
1806; pres. bd. contr., Apr.
1812.
June 21. Richd., E. of Mornington; gov.
gen. of Bengal, Oct. 1797; cr.
marq. Welleslev, Dec. 1799;
for. sec, Dec. 1809 ; Id.
lieut. of Ireland, Dec. 1821 ;
Id. stewd. , Nov. 1830; again
Id. lieut. of Ireland, Sept.
1833; Id. chambn., Apr.
1835.
Hy., Id. Apsley, succ his
father as earl Bathm-st, Aug.
1794; m. mint, July 1804;
pres. bd. tr., Mar. 1807 ; for.
sec, Oct. 1809; and col. sec.
from June 1812, to Apr.
1827.
John Jeffreys, vise. Bayham, a
commr. of tr. ; succ. as earl
Camden, Apr. 1794 ; Id.
lieut. of Ireland, Mar. 1795 ;
Id. pres., July 10, 1805 ; again.
Mar. 26, 1807 ; cr. E. of
Brecknock and marq. of Cam-
den, Sept. 1812.
Sept. 25. Sir Gilbert Elliott, bt., viceroy
of the kingdom of Corsica, June
1795 ; cr. Id. Minto, of Rox-
burgh, Oct. 1797 ; env. ext.
to Germany, June 1799 ; pres.
bd. contr., Feb. 180G ; gov. gen.
of Bengal, July, same year ;
cr. vise. Melgund and E. of
Minto, Feb. 1813.

1794.

May 4. Sylvester Douglas,ch.sec. Ireland;
commr. bd. contr., June 1795;
Id. treasy., Feb. 1797 ; cr.
Id. Glenbervie, Nov. 1800;
joint paym. gen., Mar. 1801 ;
V. pres. bd. tr. , Nov., same
year ; surv. gen. of woods and
forests, 1803 ; first commr. of
woods and forests, July 1810.

July 11. Wm. Went worth Fitzwilliam, E.
Fitzwilliam, dec. Id. pres. ;
again, Id. pres., Oct. 19, 1805.
He was app. Id. lieut. of Ireland,
Dec. 1794: but was recalled.

206

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Mar. following, and sncc. by

Id. Camden.
July II Geo. John, earl Spencer, Id. pr.

seal ; Id. admy. , Dec. same

year ; home sec, Feb. 1806.
July 16. win. Windham, sec. at war ; sec.

St. for war and cole., Feb. 1806.
Nov. 12. Sir Morton Eden, k.b., amb. to

Germany, and prev. to several

courts of Europe ; cr. Id.

Henley, Nov. 1799.
Dec. 17. Geo. Damer, vise. Milton, sec.

for Ireland ; succ. his father

as E. of Dorchester, Feb. 1798.

1795.

Mar. 11. Hon. Thos. Pelham, sec. for Ire-
land ; summoned to the house
of peers, vita pntris, as Id.
Pelham, June 1801 ; home
sec, July, same year; chanc
d. Lane, Nov. 1803; succ.
his father as E. of Chichester,
Jan. 1805; postm. gen., May
1807.

July 29. Sir Geo. Howard, k.b., field
marsh. ; gov. of Jersey.

1796.

Apr. 29. Robt. Auriol Drummond, E. of
Kinnoul.
Sir Grey Cooper, bt., some time
sec. trcasy.
Nov. 30. John, D. of Roxburgh, gr. stole.

1797.

Mar. 29. Sir Jos. Banks, bt.,pres. of the
Royal Society ; app. a commr.
bd. tr.

Apr. 26. Lord Chas. Somerset, compt.
hhold. ; joint paym. gen., July
1804 ; afjain, Apr. 1807.

June 28. John, D. of Athole.

Sept. 27. Hon. John Trevor, amb. to Sar-
dinia.

Oct. 4. Sir Chas. Grey, k.b., gov. of
Jersey ; cr. Id. Grey, June
1801, and vise. Howick and E.
Grey, Apr. 1806.

1798.

Sept. 28. Wm. Shaw, Id. Cathcart ; cr.

vise Cathcart, Nov. 1807 ; and

E. Cathcart, July 1814.
Oct. 24. Chas., E. of Harrington.
Oct. 31. Sir Wm. Scott, a commr. bd. tr. ;

judge of tlie high court of admy. ;

cr. Id. Stowoll, July 1821.
Dec. 5. Thos. Gronvillc. , cli. just, in

oyrf, July IHOO; pres. bd.

contr., July 1806; lirst Id.admy.,

Sept. same yi ar.
Doc 19. Robt., vise. Castloreagh, fcc. in

Ireland; pres. bd. contr., Sept.

1802 col. sec, July 1805^

ar/ain. Mar. 1807 ; for. sec.
from Mar. 1812, until his death,
Aug. 1822 ; succ. his father
as M. of Londonderry, Apr.
1821.

1799.
Jan. 23. Sir Wm. Fawcett, k.b., gen.
Mar. 13. Robt. Banks Jenkinson, Id.

Hawkcsbury, m. mint ; for.

sec, Feb. 1801 ; home sec,

May 1804 ; summoned to the

house of peers, vita patn's, in

his father's barony, Aug. 180G;

again home sec. Mar. 1807;

succ. as E. of Liverpool, Dec.

1808 ; col. sec, Dec. 1809;

first Id. treasy. from June

1812 to Apr. 1827.
June 5. Ed WD., D of Kent, introd., not

sw.
Ebnest Aug., D. of Cumber-
land, introd., not sw.
July 3. Thos., E. of Elgin, amb. to

Turkey.
July 18. Sir John Scott, Id. ch. just, c p. ;

cr. Id. Eldon ; Id. chanc, Apr.

1801 ; afjfain. Apr. 1807; cr.

E. of Eldon. July 1821.
Sept. 25. Isaac Corry, ch. ex. in Ireland.
Oct. 30. Ralph, Id. Lavington, k.b., gov.

of the Carribean islands.

1800.

May 28. Geo. Canning, joint pajnu. gen;
for. sec, Mar. 1807 ; pres. bd
contr., June 1816 ; again for
sec, Sept. 1822; first Id. treasy
April 1827.

Juno 25. Wm. Dundas, commr. bd. contr. ;
sec. at war, May 1804.

Nov. 5. Chas., Id. Whitworth, late amb.
to Russia ; negociated a peace
with Denmark, 1801 ; plen. to
France, June 1802 ; cr. visc-
Whitworth, June 1813 ; Id.
lieut. of Ireland, Aug. same
year ; cr. earl Whitworth, Nov
1815.

1801.

Jan. 25. Wm. Stuart, abp. of Ai-magh

and primate of Ireland.
Feb. 18. Sir John Mitford, sp. ho.

commons ; app. Id. chanc. of

Ireland, and cr. Id. Redes-

dalo, Feb. 1802.
Feb. 20. John, earl St. Vincent, first Id.

admy.
Sir Chas. Yorke, sec at war ;

homo sec, Julv 1803 ; first Id.

admy.. May 1810.
Mar. 17. Philip, E. of Hardwicke, Id.

liout. Ireland.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

207

Mar. 17. Geo., vise. Lewisham, pres. bd.

contr. ; cr., vita patris, Id.

Dartmouth ; suec. his father

as E. of Dartmouth, Nov. 1810.
May 21. Sir Wm. Grant, m. rolls.

Chas. Abbot, ch. sec. Ireland;

sp. ho. commons, Feb. 1802;

cr. Id. Colchester, June 1807.
Thos. Wallace, commr. bd. contr.;

again, Apr. 1807 ; v. pres. bd.

tr., Jan. 1818; m. mint, Oct.

Id. Wallace, Jan. 1828.
Nov. 18. Chas. Bragge, aft. Bragge Ba-

thurst, treasr. navy ; sec. at

war, Aug. 1803 ; pres. bd.

contr., Jan. 1821.

1802.

Jan. 13. Wm. Wickham, commr. of tr.;

amb. to Switzerland.
Geo. Rose, commr. of tr. ; v.

pres. bd. tr.,Mar. 1804; joint

paym. gen., July 1804 ; again

V. pres. bd. tr. , Mar. 1807;

and treasr. navy, Apr., same

year.
Chas. Long, Id. treasy., May

1804; ch. sec. Ireland, 1806;

paym. gen., Apr. 1807 ; cr.

Id. Farnborough, Aug. 1826.
Feb. 8. Adolphus Feed., D. of Cam-
bridge, introd., not sw.
Apr. 21. Edwd., Id. Ellenborough, Id.

ch. just. k. b.
Sept. 8. Sir John Borlase Warren, bt.,

adm. ; amb. to Russia.
Sept. 22. Sir Chas. (Gould) Morgan, bt.,

judge adv. gen.
John Smyth, late Id. treasy. ; m.

mint.

Feb. 16. John Hiley Addington, joint

paym. gen.; commr. bd. contr.,

Feb. 1806.
Geo. Tierney, treasr. navy ; pres.

bd. contr., Oct. 1806; in. mint,

May 1827.
Nov. 23. Hon. Thos. Maitland, aft. sir T.,

G.C.B. , commr. bd. contr.
Nathl. Bond, Id. treasy.; v. pres.

bd. tr., Feb. 1804; judge adv.

gen., Feb. 1806.

1804.

Jan. 4. Hon. Arthur Paget, aft. sir A. ,

K.C.B., amb. to Germany, and

aft. to Turkey.
Jan. 20. Sir Evan Nepean, bt., ch. sec.

Ireland ; prev. sec. admy., and

subs. Id. admy.
May 8. Sir Jas. Mansfield, Id. ch. just.

c. p.

May 14. Geo., E. of Winchilsea and Not-
tingham, gr. stole.
Lord Geo. Thj'nne, compt.

hhold.
June 6. Hy. Id. Mulgrave, chanc. d.

Lane. ; for. sec, Jan. 1805;

first Id. admy., Apr. 1807;

mast. gen. ordn.. May 1810 ;

cr. vise. Normanby and E. of

Mulgrave, Sept. 1812.
June 27. Wm. Drummond, late amb. to

Turkey.
Chas. Arbuthnot, amb. ext. to

Turkey; sec. treasy., 1810;

first commr. woods and forests,

Feb. 1823; chanc. d. Lane,

June 1828.
July 11. Lord John Thynne, v. chamb,

hhold. ; succ. as Id. Carteret,

Feb. 1838.
July 19. Granville Leveson, Id. Gower,

amb. ext. to Russia and to

France; cr. vise. Granville, Aug.

1815, and earl Granville, May

1833.
Aug., D. of Sussex, introd.,

not sw.

1805.

Jan. 14. John Hookham Frere, amb. to

Spain.
Nichs. Vansittart, ch. sec. Ire-
land; see. treasy., 1806; ch.

ex. from June 1812 to Jan.

1823 ; cr. Id. Bexley, Mar. 1,

1823.
Reginald Pole Carew, late u. s.

home dep., commr. of tr.
John Sullivan, late u. s. cols.,

commr. of tr. ; aft. commr.

bd. contr.
Feb. 21. Chas. Manners Sutton, abp. of

Canterbury.
May 1. Chas. Id. Barham, first Id. admy.
Nov. 21. Edwd., E. of Powis, app. Id.

lieut. of Ireland, but did not

go over.

1806.

Feb. 1. Wm. Fkedk., D. of Gloucester,

introd., not sw.
Feb. 5. Eras., E. of Moira, mast. gen.

ordn.; Bengal and comm. in ch.

in India, Nov. 1812; cr. vise.

Loudovm, E. Rawdon, and M.

of Hastings, Dec. 1816.
Richd. Chandos, E. Temple, joint

paym. gen. and v. pres. bd. tr.;

cr. M. of Chandos and D. of

Buckingham, Feb. 2.
Lord Hy. Petty, ch. ex. ; succ.

asM. of Lansdowne, Nov. 1809;

home sec, 1827; Id. pres..

208

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Nov. 22, 1830 ; affain, Apr.

18, 1835 ; and a third time, July

6, 1846.
Feb. 5. Hon. Chas. Grey, first Id. admy.;

for. sec, Sept. 1806 ; succ.

his father as E. Grey and vise.

Howick, Nov. 1807 ; first Id.

treasy., Nov. 1830.
Chas. James Fox, for. sec. ; d.

while holding this office, Sept.

13, 1806.
Feb. 7. Geo., vise. Morpeth, commr. bd.

contr. ; siicc. his father as E.

of Carlisle. Sept. 1825 ; Id.

pr. seal in 1827, and 1834.
Lord John Townshend, joint

paym. gen.
Thos., Id. Erskine. Id. chanc.
Richd. Brinsley Sheridan, treasr.

navy.
Feb. 12. John,"D. of Bedford, Id. lieut. of

Ireland.
Hy., E. of Carnarvon, m. horse.
John Joshua, E. of Carysfort,

joint postm. gen.
Chas. Aug.. lord Ossulston,treasr.

hhold.
St. Andrew, Id. St. John, of

Bletsoe, capt. gent. pens.
Wm. Elliot, ch. sec. Ireland.
Mar. 5. Geo. Ponsonby, Id. chanc. of

Ireland.
Mar. 12. Sir John Newport, bt., ch. ex.

of Ireland.
May 7. Richd., E. of Donoughmore,

commr. bd. tr. ; joint postm.

gen. in Ireland.
June 18. Alexr., M. of Douglas and

Clydesdale ; summoned to the

house of peers, vita jtatria, as

Id. Button, Nov. 1806; succ.

as D. of Hamilton, Feb. 1819.
July 21. Jas., E. of Lauderdale, kpr. gr.

seal of Scotland.
Aug. 27. Hy. Richd., Id. Holland, Id.

pr. seal.
Nov. li). Sir Arthur Anstruther, bt., late

ch. just, of the supr. court of

judic. in Bengal.

1807.

Mar. 26. Hon. Spencer Perceval, ch. ex.;
lirst Id. treasy. from Dec.
6, 180'.), to May 4, 1812,
when he was assasa. by a per-
son named Bellingham, in the
lobby of the house of commons.
Hon. llobt. Diindas, pros. bd.
contr. ; Id. pr. seal of Scot-
land, 1811 ; succ. his father
as vise. Melville, May, same
year ; first Id. admy.. Mar.
1812.

Mar. 30. Sir Jas. Pnltenoy, bt., sec. at
war.

April 1. Chas., D. of Richmond and
Lenox, app. Id. lieut. of Ire-
land ; d. gov. gen. of Canada,
July 1819.

April 8. Hy., vise. Melville, commr.
bd. tr. {his name, which had
been struck out of the list
May 9, 1805, now rest., he
being re-sw.)
John, Id. Teignmouth, commr. bd.
contr. App. Sept. 1792, to
succ. Id. Cornwallis as gov.
gen. of Bengal.
Hon. sir Arthur Wellesley, k.b.,
ch. sec. to the Id. -lieut. of Ire-
land ; aft. D. of Wellington;
com. in ch. of the army, Jan.
1827; first Id. treasv., Jan.
1828, and again, Nov. 1834;
and again com. in ch., Aug.
1842.

April 22. Thos., Id. Manners, Id. chanc.
of Ireland.

May 13. Richd., E. of Clancarty, comm

bd. tr. ; m. mint, Oct. 1812 ;
joint postm. gen., Sept. 1814;
employed in several diplomatic
missions.

May 20. Hon. Hy. Manvers Pierrepont,
late min. to Sweden.

Nov. 25. Hon. Richd. Ryder; sec. st..
Nov. 1809.

Jan. 20. Edwd. Venablcs Vernon (aft.

Harcourt), abp. of York.
Mar. 9. Richd., E. of IMount Edgcumbe.
Mar. 16. Perc}' Clinton Sidney Smythe.

vise. Strangford ; env. ext. to

Portugal.

1809.

Feb. 6. Sir John Nicholl, latekings's adv.
gen. ; commr. bd. tr.; aft. dean
of the arches court, judge of
the high court of admy., &c.

Sept. 27. John Randolph, bp. of Lon-
don.

Oct. 18. Hon. Wm. Wellesley Pole, ch.
sec. Ireland; m. mint, 1814.;
or. Id. ^Maryborough, July 17,
1821 ; succ. as E. of Morning-
ton, on the death of his brother,
the marq. Wellesley, Sept. 26.
1842.

Nov. 1. Ily. John, vise. Palmcrston, sec.
at war from this time until May
1828; for. sec, Nov. 1S30":
again, Apr. 1835 ; and a third
time, July 1846.

Nov. 8. Chas. Manners Sutton, judge adv.
gen. ; sp. ho. conmions from
June 2, 1817, to Aug. If., 1834 ;

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

cr. Id. Botesford and vise.
Canterbury, Mar. 10, 1835.
Dec. 20. John, Id. Sheffield, commr. bd.
tr. ; cr. vise. Pevensey and E.
of Sheffield. Jan. 22, 1816.
Hon. Hy. Wellesley, late sec.
treasy. ; en v. ext. to Spain; aft.
amb. to France ; cr. Id. Cow-
ley, Jan. 21, 1828.

1810.

Aug. 29. Sir John Sinclair, bt., pres. of
the as^ricult. sucy., honoris

Regency of George, Pkince of Wales.

1812.

Mar. 20. Chas. Ingoldsby, M. of Winches-
ter, gr. stole.

Fras. , E. of Yarmouth, v. chambn.;
succ. as M. of Hertford, June
17, 1822.

John McMahon, aft. sir John, bt. ;
private sec. and keeper of the
pr. purse to the pr. regent.
Mar. 26. Robt., vise. Jocelyn, treasr.
hhold. ; aft. v. chambn. ; succ.
as E. of Roden, June 29, 1820.

Robt. Liston.
Aug. 13. Lord Wm. Chas. Cavendish Ben-
tinck ; gov. gen. of India, May
1833.

Lord Geo. Beresford, compt.
hhold.

Wm. Fitzgerald, ch. ex. in Ire-
land.

Robt. Peel, aft. sir R., bt., sec.
for Ireland; home sec, Jan.
1822; again, Jan. 1828; first
Id. treasy. and ch. ex., Dec.
1834; and again first Id. treasy.,
Sept. 1841.

1813.

May 20. Sir Thos. Plumer, v. chanc. of

England.
Oct. 5. Wm. Howley, bp. of London;

transl. to Canterbury, Aug. 4,

1828.
Nov. 30. Sir Vicary Gibbs, Id. ch. bar. ex.

1814.

Mar. 19. Hugh Elliot, gov. of Madras.
Apr. 21. Sir Alexr. Thomson, Id. ch. bar.

ex.
May 6. Warren Hastings, formerly gov.

gen. of Bengal.
July 22. Crupley, E. of Shaftesbury.

Geo. E. of Aberdeen ; chanc. d.

Lane, Jan. 1828; for. sec,

June, sanae year; col. sec, Dec.

1834; and again for. sec, Sept.
1841.

July 22. Chas. Wm., Id. Ste-vart ; succ.
his brother as M. of London-
derry, Aug. 12, 1822.

July 29. Thos.. M. Binning; succ. as E.
of Haddington; Id. lieut. of
Ireland, Dec 1834; first Id.
admy. Sept. 1841.
Wm. Huskisson, first commr. of
woods and forests ; pres. bd.
tr. an>; treasr. navy, Feb. 1823 ;
col. and war. sec, Sept. 1827.

Aug 10. Wm. Sturges Bourne ; commr.
bd. contr. .Tuly 1818; home sec,
Apr. 1827 ; first commr. of
woods and forests, July, same
year.

1815.

Mar. 17. Wm. Adam, chief of the civil jury
court of Scotland.

Dec. 4. Hon.Chas.Bagot, aft.sir C, G.C.B.,
min. plen. to the Netherlands ;
aft. min. to the United States ;
gov. gen. of Canada 1841.

Dec. 30. Wm. Pitt, Id. Amherst, on his
embassy to China ; cr. E. Am-
herst, Dec. 19, 1828 ; gov.
gen. of Bengal from Oct. 1822
to Mar. 1828.

1816.

June 8. Edwd. Thornton, aft. sir E. ,
G.c.B. ; min. plen. to Sweden
1812; to Portugal 1823.

June 27. Sir Hy. Russell, bt., late ch. just.
Bengal.

July 1. Leopold, pr. of Saxe-Coburg
Saalfeld, consort of Char-
lotte Augusta, princess of
Wales ; aft. K. of the Bel-
gians; introd., not sw.

1817.

Apr. 26. Sir Richd. Richards, Id. ch. bar.

ex.
May 31. Sir Geo. Fitzgerald Hill, bt., v.

treasr. Ireland.
July 11. John Becket, aft. sir J., bt., judge

adv. gen.
July 15. Sir Benjn. Bloomfield, private sec.

and kpr. of the pr. purse to

the prince regent ; cr. Id.

Bloomfield, May 11, 1825; min.

to Sweden.
Sept. 17. Chas. Chetwynd, E. Talbot, app.

Id. Heut. of Ireland.
Dec. 30. John Leach, aft. sir J., v. chanc;

m. rolls, Apr. 1827.
Sir Wm. A'Court, bt., min. to the

Two Sicilies, &c. ; cr. Id.

Heytesbury, Jan. 23. 1828;

Id. lieut. of Ireland, July 1844.
14

210

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1818.

April 6. Geo. Hy. Rose. amb. to Prussia.
Nov. 19. Sir Chas. Abbott, Id. ch. just. k.

b.: cr. Id. Tenterden, Apr. 30,

1827.
Sir Robt. Dallas, Id. ch. just.

c. p.

1819.

May 28. Chas. Grant, ch. sec. Ireland ;
pres. bd. tr., Sept. 1827 : of the
bd. contr., Dec. 1830; col. sec,
Apr. 1835 ; cr. Id. Glenelg,
May 11, same year.

July 23. Sir Saml. Shepherd, Id. ch. bar.
ex. in Scotland.

King George IV.
1820.

April 8. David Boyle, Id. just. elk. in Scot-
land.

June 7. Peter, Id. Gwydir, dep. gt.
chambn. of England.

July 20. Stratford Cnnning, aft. sir S. and
Id. Stratford de Redcliffe ;
amb. to Turkey, 1841.

Oct. 10. Sir Gore Ouseley, bt. ; prev. amb.
ext. to Persia and ti> Russia.
Thos., Id. Manners, Id. chanc. of
Ireland; re-sw.

1821.

Feb. 6. Wm. Carr, Id. Beresford ; It.-
gen. ordn., 1823; mast, gen.,
Apr. 1828 ; cr. vise. Beresford,
Mar. 28, 1823.

Feb. 23. Jas., M. of Graham, v. chambn.
hhold. ; succ. his father as D.
of ]Montrose in 1836.

June 30. Peter Robt., Id. Gwydir, son of
the preceding Id. Gwydir,
hered. gr. chambn. of Eng-
land ; Id. Willougbby d'Eres-
by in 1828.

Dec. 10. Chas., D. of Dorset, m. horse.

Hy., M. of Conyngham, Id, st.

hhold.
Hy. Goulbum, ch. sec. Ireland;
ch. ex., Jan. 1828; home sec,
Dec. 1834 ; again ch. ex. , Sept.
1841.

1822.

Jan. 17. Chas. Watkin Williams Wynn,
pres. bd. contr. ; sec. at war,
Nov. 1830; chanc. d. Lane,
Dec. 1834.
Wm. Ily. Fremantle, commr. bd.
contr.

Feb. 4. Sir Geo. Warrendor, bt., commr.
bd. contr.

Mar. 28. John, Id. Burghersh, min. to
Tuscany ; min. to Prussia,
1841 ; succ. his father as E.

of Westmoreland, Dec. 15.
1841.

Mar. 28. Aug. John Foster, min. to Den-
mark and aft. to Sardinia.
Hon. Fredk. Jas. Lamb, amb. to
Vienna, Spain, Portugal, &c. ;
cr. Id. Beauvale, Apr. 30,
1839 ; succ. his brother as
vise. Melbourne, Nov. 24, 1818.

Aug. 17. Chas. Hope, Id. pies, court of
sesision in Scotland.

1824.

Jan. 10. Sir Robt. GifTord. bt., ch. just.

c. p. ; cr. Id. Gifford, Jan. 31

following.
Sir Wm. Alexander, Id. ch. bar. ex.
Apr. 7. Wm. Noel Hill, min. to Naples.
May 25. Sir Wm. Draper Best, Id. ch. just.

c. p. ; cr. Id. Wynford. June

5, 1829.

1825.

Mar. 23. Hugh, D. of Northumberland, Id.

lieut. of Ireland. Mar. 1821).
Chas. Vaughan, aft. sir C, min.

to the United States.
Sept. 30. Hy. Watkin Williams Wynn.

June 1. Jas., M. of Salisbury.

July 27. Hon. sir Robt. Gordon, min. to
Brazil ; aft. min. to Austria.

Nov. 20. Sir John Singleton Copley, m.
rolls ; cr. Id. Lyndhurst, April
25, 1827, and made Id. chanc.
May 2, following ; Id. ch. bar.
ex., Jan. 1831 ; againXA. chanc.
Dec. 1834, and again Sept. 1841.

1827.

Apr. 30. Wm. Spencer, D. of Devonshire.

Id. chambn.
Wm. Hy., D. of Portland, Id. pr.

seal; decl. Id. pres., Aug. 17,

following.
Hy. Wm., M. of Anglesey, mast.-

gen. ord. ; Id. lieut. of Ireland.

Mar. 1828; again Id. lieut.,

Dec. 1830 ; and again mast.

gen. ordn., July 1846.
John Wm., vise. Dudley and

Ward, for. sec. ; aft. earl Dud-
ley.
Sir Anthy. Hart, v. chanc. of

England ; Id. chanc. of Ireland

same year.
Hon. Wm. Lamb, sec. for Ireland ;

succ. as vise. Melbourne, 1828 ;

homo sec, Nov. 1830; first

Id. treasv., July 1834; again,

April 18:?o.
Sir Geo. Cockburn, v. admiral ;

first naval councillor to the Id.

high adm.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

211

May 10. Wm. Conyngham Plunket, ch.
just. c. p. in Ireland ; subs. Id.
chanc. in that kingdom, and cr.
Id. Plunket.

May 23. Jas. Abercromby, judge adv. gen.;
m. mint, July 1834 ; sp. ho.
commons from Feb. 1835 to
May 1839 ; cr. Id. Dunferm-
line, June 7 following.

June 30. Stephen Rumbold Lushington,
gov. of Madras.

Aug. 17. Lord Wm. Hy. Cavendish Ben-
tinck.
John Chas. Harries, chanc, ex. ;
m. mint, Feb. 1828 ; pres. b. tr.,
Feb. 1830 ; and sec. at war,
Dec. 1834.

Nov. 16. Sir Lancelot Shadwell, v. chanc.
of England.
Sir Jas. Mackintosh, some time
recorder of Bombay ; commr.
bd. contr.
Sir Wm. Keppel, gov. of Guern-
sey.

Jan. 28. Edwd., Id. Ellenborough, Id. pr.

seal ; pres. bd. contr. , Sept. this

year ; again, Dec. 1834 ; and a

third time, Sept. 1841 ; gov.

gen. of India, Oct. 1841; cr.

E. of Ellenborough, Oct. 1844.
Feb. 5. Thos. Frankland Lewis, v. pres.

bd. tr.; treasr. navy, Feb. 1830 ;

cr. a bt. 1846.
Feb. 13. Rowland, Id. Hill, gen. on the

staff, commanding in ch.
Mar. 5. Sir Ohristr. Robinson, judge of

the admy. court.
May 30. Wm., vise. Lowther, first commr.

of woods and forests ; v. pres.

bd. tr. , Dec. 1834; postm. gen.,

Sept. 1841 ; and cr., vitdpatris.

Id. Lowther ; succ. as E. of

Lonsdale, Mar. 1844.
Sir Geo. Murray, sec. st. war and

cols. ; mast. gen. ordn., Dec.

1834; again, Sept. 1841,
Sir Hy. Hardinge, sec. at war ;

ch. sec. Ireland, 1834; again sec.

at war, Sept. 1841 ; app. gov.

gen. of India, May 2, 1844 ; cr.

vise. Hardinge, Apr. 1846.
Thos. Peregrine Gcurtenay, v.

pres. bd. tr.
June 16. John Wilson Croker, sec. admy.
John Calcraft, paym. of the

forces.
June 28. Lord Eras. Leveson Gower (aft.

Id. Fras. Egerton), ch. sec.

Ireland; sec. at war, July 1830;

cr. E. of EUesmere, June 1846.
Hy. Hobhouse, kpr. of the state

papers, and honoris causa.

July 23. Robt. Adair, aft. sir R., g.c.b.,
late min. to Austria, &c.

July 31. Chas. Jas. Blomfield, bp. of
Chester; tr. to London Aug.
following.

1829.

.June 10. Jas., E. of Rosslyn, Id. pr. seal ;

decl. Id. pros., Dec. 1834.
Sir Nicliolas Conyngham Tindal,

Id. ch. just. c. p.
Oct. 12. Sir Brook Taylor, g.c.h., late min.

to several courts.

Apr. 7. Geo., D. of Gordon, kpr. gr. seal
of Scotland.

King William IV.

1830.

June 28. Bernard Edwd., D. of Norfolk,
hered. earl marsh, of England.
July 19. Jas. Horatio, M. of Cholmondeley,
dep. gr. chamb. of England.

Geo., E. of Jersey, Id. chambn.;
again, Dec. 1834 ; m. horse,
Sept. 1841.

Geo., E. of Belfast, v. chambn. ;
cr. Id. Ennishowen, Aug. 1841;
succ. as M. of Donegal, Oct,
1844.

Sir Wm. Rae, bt.. Id. adv. of
Scotland.
July 28. Hy. , vise. Hereford.
Aug. 25. John, E. of Clare, gov. of Bom-
bay.
Nov. 22. Chas., D. of Richmond, postm.
gen. ; postm. gen. of Gr. Britain
and Ireland, by a new patent,
Apr. 1831.

Wm. Chas., E. of Albemarle, m.
horse ; again, April 1835.

.John, Id. Durham, Id. pr. seal;
cr. E. of Durham, Mar. 1833;
amb. to Russia, 1836 ; gov.
gen. of Canada, 1838.

Geo., Id. Auckland, pres. bd. tr.,
to which was joined the master-
ship of the mint, Dec. 14 follow-
ing ; first Id. admy., June 1834;
again, April 1835 ; gov. gen. of
India, Aug. same year; E. of
Auckland, Dec. 1839 ; again
first Id. admy., July 1846.

Hy., Id. Brougham, Id. chanc.

John Chas. Spencer, vise. Al-
thorpe, ch. ex. ; succ. his
father as earl Spencer, Nov.
1834.

Geo. Jas. Agar Welbore Ellis,
first commr. of woods and
forests.

Lord John Russell, paym. gen. ;
home sec, April 1835 ; sec. st.

14 *

212

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

war and cols., Aug. 1839; first
Id. treasv.. July 1846 and Nov.
1865; cr. E. Russell, July 30,
1861.
Nov. 22. Hon. Edwd. Geoffrey Smith Stan-
ley, eh. sec. Ireland ; col.
sec, April 1833; again col.
sec. Sept. 1841 ; summoned to
the house of peers, as lord
Stanley, of Bickerstaffe, Oct.
1844 : succ. his father as E. of
Derby, 1851 ; first Id. treasy.,
Feb. ■] 852, Feb. 1858, and July
1866.

Sir .Tas. Robt. Geo. Graham, bt.,
first Id. admy ; home sec, Sept.
1841.

Geo. Robt. Dawson, late sec.
treasy. and admy.

Chas. Poulett Thompson, v. pres.
hd. tr. ; treasr. navy, Dec. 13
following; pres. bd. tr., June
1834 ; aft. gov. of Canada ; cr.
Id. Sydenham, Aug. 1840.
Nov. 24. Sir Wm. Johnstone Hope, adm.

Wm., vise. Anson, m. buck-
hounds.

Robt. Grant, judge adv. -gen. ;
aft. sir R., g.c.h.
Dec. 1. Ulick John, M. of Clanricarde,
amb. to Russia; postm. gen..
July 1846.

Hon. Robt. Grosvenor, compt.
hhold ; cr. Id. Ebury, Sept.
10, 1857.
Dec. 8. Thos., Id. Foley, capt. gent,
arms.

Sir Jas. Kempt, mast. gen. ordn. ;
gov. gon. and commr. in ch.in
Canada, Aug. 1828.

1831.

Jan. 31. Wm. Geo., E. of Errol, hered. Id,

high const, of Scotland ; m

horse to the queen consort ; Id,

St. hhold, Nov. 1839.
Richd. Wm. , E. Howe, Id. chambn.

to the queen consort.
Feb. 23. Archd., E. of Rosebcry.

John, vise Duncannon, first

commr. of woods and forests ;

home sec, July 1834; Id. pr.

seal, and first commr. of woods

and forests at/am, May 1835 ;

succ. as E. of Bessborough,

Feb. 1844.
Michael Angolo Taylor, honoris

causa.
Mar. 23. Edwd., E. of Derby.

Wm. Conyngliam. Id. Plunkot,

Id. chanc of Ireland; againld^.

chanc of Ircliuul, \\n\ 1835.

June 29. Aug. Fredk., D. of Leinster.

Sir Fredk. Adam, Id. high commr.

of the Ionian I.slands.
Sir Edwd. Hyde East, bt., late oh.

just, of Bengal.

Feb. 6. Sir John Cam Hobhouse, bt. , sec.

at war ; sec. for Ireland, 1834 ;

first commr. of woods and

forests, July same year ; pres.

bd. contr., Apr. 18.35 and Apr.

1846.
Chas. Tennyson, who assumed the

name of D'Eyncourt, in 1835,

honoris causa.
Feb. 22. Sir Wm. G arrow, bt., late bar.

ex.
May 30. Hy. Constantino Phipps. E. of

Mulgrave ; aft. M. of Nor-

manbv ; Id. rr. seal, July 1834 ;

Id. lieut. of Ireland, April 1835 ;

cr. ^I. of Normanbv, June 1838;
. col. sec, Feb. 1839 ; home

sec, Aug. same year; amb. to

France, Aug. 18,"l84ti.
July 11. Holt Mackenzie, commr. bd.

contr.
Hy. Ellis, min. to Persia.
Aug. 15. Gilbert, E. of Minto, min. to

Prussia: first Id. admy., Sept.

1835 ; Id. pr. seal, July 1846.
Nov. 6. Sir Thos. Denman, Id. ch. just.

k. b. ; cr. Id. Denman, Mar.

1834.

1833.

Feb. 4. Basil Percy Fielding, E. of Den-
bigh, Id. chambn. to the queen
consort.

Geo. Fitzclarence, E. of Munster.

Edwd. EUice, sec. at war.

Edwd. John Littleton, apptd.
ch. sec. Ireland ; cr. Id.
Hatherton, May 1835.

Sir Jas. Parke, bar. ex.

Sir John Bernard Bosanquet,
just. C )).

Sir Alex. Johnstone, late ch. just.
Ceylon ; assessor to the jud.
comm.

Geo. Wm., D. of Argyll, Id. st.
hhold.

Feb.
Apr.
June

Aug.
Sept.

Sept.ll.

1834.

Jan. 24. Howe Peter, I^I. of Sligo. gov.

of Jamaica.
Mar. 5. Sir John Bayloy, lute bar. ex.
Apr. 16. Sir Robt. Grnhnm, Id. treasy.
June 5. Thos. Spring Rice, col. sec;

ch. ex., Apr. 1835; cr. Id.

Montoagle, Aug. 1839.
Sir John Vaughan, late bar. ox.,

now just. c. J).

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

213

JnlylG. Robt. Cutlar Fergusson, judge

adv. gen.
Sept. 3. Archd., E. of Gosford, gov. of

Canada.
Oct. 1. Sir Chas. Christr. Pepys, m.
rolls ; first commr. of the gr.
seal, Apr. 1835 ; made Id.
chanc. and cr. Id. Cottenham,
Jan. 1836 ; cr. E. of Cottenham,
June, 1850.
Oct. 29. Sir Herbert Jenner (Fust), vicar-
gen., dean of the arches' court,
&c.
Dec. 16. Stapleton, vise. Combermere,
general.
Jas. Arch., Id. WharncUffe, Id.
pr. seal ; decl. Id. pres., Sept.
3, 1841.
Sir Edwd. Knatchbull, bt., pay-
m. of the forces ; again. Sept.
1841.
Sir Jas. Scarlett, Id. ch. bar. ex.;

cr. Id. Abinger, Jan. 1835.
Sir Edwd. Sugden, app. Id. chanc.
of Ireland ; again, Id. chanc.
of Ireland. Oct. 1841 ; app. Id.
chanc. of Eng., Feb. 27, 1852,
and cr. Id. St. Leonards.
Alexr. Baring, pres. bd. tr., and
immediately aft. m. mint; cr.
Id. Ashburton, Apr. 1835.
Dec. 20. Lord Granville Chas. Hy. Somer-
set, first commr. of woods and
forests ; chanc. d. Lane, Sept.
1841.
Wm. Yates Peel, Id. treasy.
Joseph Planta, late sec. and Id.
treasy.
Dec. 29. Geo., E. of Chesterfield.

Thos. Philip, E. De Grey, first
Id. admy. ; Id. lieut. of Ire-
land, Sept. 1841.

1835.

Feb. 18. Thos., E. of Wilton. Id. st.

hhold.
Feb. 23. Fredk. vise. Castlereagh, v.

chambn. hhold.
Hon. Hy. Thos. Lowry Corry,

compt. hhold.
Apr. 18. Hy., vise. Howick, sec. at war ;

succ. as E. Grey, July 1845 ;

sec. for war and cols., Jxily

1846.
May 6. Hy. Labouchere, aft. Id. Taun-
ton, V. pres. bd. tr. and m.

mint ; pres. bd. tr. , Aug. 1839 ;

ch. sec. Ireland, 1846 ; again

pres. bd. tr., July 1847.
May 20. Fras. Nathl., M. of Conyngham,

postm. gen ; aft. Id. chambn.
Geo., vise. Morpeth, ch. sec.

Ireland ; first commr. of woods

and forests, July 1846 : succ.

as E. of Carlisle, Oct. 1848;

chanc. d. Lane, Mar. 1850.
May 27. Sir Richd. Hussey Vivian, bt.,

general ; mast. gen. ordn. ; cr.

Id. Vivian, Aug. 1841.
Hon. Geo. Stevens Byng, compt.

hhold; vise. Enfield on his

father's creation as E. of

Strafford, Sept. 1847 ; succ. as

E. of Strafford, June 3, 1860.
June 24. Sir Harford Jones Brydges, bt.,

late sir H. Jones, form. min.

to Persia.
July 1. Lord Chas. Fitzroy, v. chambn.

hhold.
Sir Chas. Edwd. Grey,_bt., a

commr. for investigating the

grievances aff'ecting Canada.

1836.

.Jan. 16. Hy. Bickersteth, m. rolls; cr.

Id. Langdale, Jan. following;

first commr. gr. seal, June,

1850.
Aug. 3. John, Id. Elphinstone.

1837.

Mar. 1. Lucius, vise. Falkland, gov. of

Nova Scotia.
Apr. 5. J. A. Stewart Mackenzie, gov. of

Ceylon.

Queen Victoria.

1837.

July 12. Hy. Stephen, E. of Ilchester,
capt. yeom. guard.

July 19. Hy. Chas. Howard, E. of Surrey,
treasr. hhold. ; cr. Id. Mal-
travers, Aug. 1841 ; succ. as
D. of Norfolk, Mar. 1842 ; m.
horse. July 1846.

Nov. 5. StephenLushington,judge admy.
court.

1839.

Mar. 1. Hugh, vise. Ebrington, app. Id.
lieut. of Ireland ; summoned
to the house of peers, vita,
patris, as Id. Fortescue ; succ.
as E. Fortescue, June 1841 ;
Id. std. hhold., July 1846.
Sir Geo. Grey, bt., judge adv.
gen. ; chanc. d. Lane., June
1841 ; home sec, July 1846.

May 22. Hy., E. of Uxbridge, Id. chambn.;
aft. M. of Anglesey.

June 3. Chas. Shaw Lefevre, sp. ho.
commons ; aft. vise. Eversley.

July 31. Sir Chas. Theophilus Metcalfe,
gov. of Canada ; cr. Id. Met-
calfe, June 1845.

214

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Aug. 26. Eras. Thornhill Baring, chanc.

ex. ; first 1(1. admy., Jan. 1841) ;

aft. Id. Northbrook.
Aug. 29. Richd. Lalor Sheil, v. pres. bd.

tr. ; judge adv. gen., June

1841: m. mint, July 1846;

min. to Tuscany, Oct. 1850.
Sept. 30. Thos. Babington Macaulay, sec.

at war ; paym. gen., July 1846 ;

aft. Id. Macaulay.

1840.

Jan. 3. Geo. .E. of Clarendon, Id. pr. seal;
chanc. d. Lane, Oct., same
year ; pres. bd. tr. , July 1846 ;
Id. lieut. of Ireland, May 1847.

Jan. 15. Geo., Id. Kinnaird, m. buck-
hounds.

Sept. 11. Prince Albert, consort to the
queen, introd., not sw.

1841.

Feb. 25. Sir Jos. Littledale, late just q. b.

June 23. Lord Arthur Marcus Cecil Hill,

compt. hhold ; (i(/ain compt.,

July 1847 ; aft. Id. Sandys.

John, Id. Campbell, Id. chanc.

Ireland ; chanc. d. Lane, July

1846 ; Id. ch. just. q. b., Mar.

1850 ; Id. chanc. Eng., June 18,

1859.

June 28. Hon. Fox Maule, v. pres. bd. tr.;

sec. at war, July 1846 ; aft. Id.

Panmure and E. of Dalhousie.

Aug. 11. Hon. Edwd. John Stanley, payui.

gen. ; cr. Id. Eddisbury, vita

patris, Mav 1848 ; succ. as Id.

Stanley of Alderley, Oct. 1850.

Aug. 21. Robt. Vernon Smith, und. sec.

cols. ; aft. Id. Lyveden.
Sept. 3. Richd. Plantagenet, D. of Buck-
ingham and Chandos, Id. pr.
seal.
Chas. Cecil, E. of Liverpool, Id.

St. hhold.
Edwd. Granville, Id. Eliot, ch.
see. Ireland ; .succ. as E. of St.
Germans, Jan. 1845; postm.
gen.. Jan. 1846.
Lord Ernest Bruce, v. chambn. ;

aft. M. of Ailesbury.
Hy. Pclham, E. of Lincoln, first
commr. of woods and forests ;
ch. sec. Ireland, 1846.
Wm. Ewart Gladstone, v. pres.
bd. tr. and m. mint ; pres. bd.
tr., .Juno 1843; col. sec. , Dec.
1845; ch. ex.. Dec. 1852. June
1859, Aug. 1873, and Apr.
1880; first Id. treasv., Dec.
1868, Apr. 1880, and Fob. 188G;
Id. pr. .soal. Fob. iHSd.
Sept. 14. Brownlow, M. of Exotcr, hored.
grand almoner ; gr. stole to
pr. Albert.

Sept. 14. John Wm. Robt., M. of Lothian,

capt. yeom. guard.
Geo. John, Id. De la Warr. Id.

ehambn.
Jas. Alex., E. of Rossljm, m

buckhounds.
John Geo., lord Forrester, capt

gent. arms.
Hon. Geo. Lionel Dawson Damer,

compt. hhold.
John Xicholl. judge adv. gen. ;

Id. of tr. , Jan. 1846.
Oct. 6. Fredk. Wm., E. Jermvn, treasr.

hhold. ; aft. M. of Bristol.

1842.

Jan. 15. Geo., E. of Beverley.

Sir Jas. Lewis Knight Bruce, v.

chanc.
Sir Jas. Wigram. v. chanc.
Feb. 2. Walter Eras., D. of Buccleuch
and Queensberrv, Id. pr. seal ;
decld. Id. pres., Jan. 21, 1846.

1843.

June 10. Jas., E. of Dalhousie. v. pres. bd.
tr. : cii/ain Feb. 1845 ; gov.
gen. of India, Aug. 1847 : cr.
M. of Dalhousie.

Sir Edwd. Ryan, lato ch. just.,
Bengal.

Thos. Pemberton Leigh, chanc.
and kpr. of the gr. seal to the
D. of Cornwall : cr. Id. Kings-
down, Aug. 28, 1858.
Dec. 13. Richd. Pakenbam, env. ex. to the
United States : aft. sir R.

1844.

Apr. 17. John Hope, Id. just. elk. Scot-
land.
Sir Fredk. Pollock. Id. ch. bar. ex.
May 23. Sir Thos. Eras. Fremantle, bt.,
sec. at war ; ch. sec. Ireland ;
aft. Id. Cottesloo.
Sir Hy. Pottinger, bt., late plen. in
China ; app. gov. of Madras,
Aug. 1847.

1845.

Feb. 3. Hon. Sidney Herbert, sec. at war ;

aft. Id. Herbert of Lea.
Feb. 6. Sir Goo. Clerk, bt.. v. pres. bd.

tr. and m. mint.
June 30. Wm. Bingham Baring, jiayni. gen.;

succ. as Id. Ashburton, May

1848.
Hy. Lyttoii Bulwor. aft. sir II.

and tlien lord Dalling and Bul-

wer; niin. j)loii. to Spain ; subs.

to the United States. Ac.

1846.

Feb. 25. Jas., M., aft. D. of Aberoorn, gr.
stole 1.) i)r. Albert.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

215

Feb. 23. Hon. Jas. Arch. Stuart Wortley,
judge adv. gen.

Mar. 18. Chas. John, vise. Canning, first
commr. of woods and forests.

July 6. Fras., D. of Bedford.

Chas. Wood, ch. ex. ; aft. sir C,
bt., and Id. Halifax.

July 8. Fredk. , E. Spencer, Id. chambn.
hhold.
Lord Edwd. Geo. Fitz-Alan How-
ard, V. chambn. ; aft. Id. How-
ard of Glossop.
Thos. Milner Gibson, v. pres. bd.
tr.

Aug. 1. Granville Geo., E. Granville, m.
buck-bounds ; v. pres. bd. tr.
and paym. gen. , May 1848.

Oct. 30. Sir Thos. Wilde, ch. "just. c. p. ;
aft. Id. chanc, and cr. lord
Truro in 1850.
Edwd. Strutt, first commr. of
railways ; aft. Id. Belper.

1847.

June 17. Sir Geo. Arthur, bt.. late gov. of

Bombay.
July 22. Hon. Wm. Sebright Laseelles,

compt. hhold.
SirWm. Meredyth Somerville,bt.,

ch. sec. Ireland ; aft. Id. Ath-

lumley.
Oct. 30. Jas. Stephen, aft. sir James,

K.C.B., late und. sec. war and

cols.
Nov. 22. Richd. More O'Ferrall. gov. of

Malta.

1848.

Feb. 11. Thos. Musgrave, abp. of York.

Wm. Goodenough Hayter, judge
adv. gen. ; joint sec. treasy..
May 1849; aft. sir W., bt.

Apr. 15. John Bird Summer, abp. of Can-
terbury.

June 27. John Geo., E. of Besborough, m.
buck-hounds.
Saml. March Phillips, late und.
sec. home.

Sept. 4. John, M. of Breadalbane, Id.
chambn.

1849.

Feb. 13. Thos. Wyse, min. pleu. to Greece ;

aft. .-ir T.
June 29. Sir David Dundas, judge adv.

gen.
July 30. Matt. Talbot Baines, first commr.

p. law bd.

1850.

Mar.22. Richd., M. of Westminster, Id. st.

hhold.
July 13. Hy. Tufnell, late sec. treasy.
Aug. 14. Sir John Jervis, Id. ch. just. c. p.

Nov. 13. Sir Robt. Monsey Rolfe, late a
bar. ex., v. chanc. ; cr. Id.
Cranworth, Dec. 1850 ; Id.
chanc, Dec. 28, 1852, and
July 6, 1867.

May 5.

Aug. 7.

1851.

Apr. 14. Sir John Romilly, m. rolls. '^frJ^ fi.^u^'a^

Geo. Jas. Turner, aft. sir G. . v.
chanc.

Andw. Rutherford, Id. sess., Scot-
land.

Geo. Aug. Constantine Hy
Phipps, c.c. E. Mulgrave,
compt. hhold.,/i^.>h*,^£..,-,/ V>>s«A^,

Lawrence Sulivan, dep. sec. at
war.
Oct. 23. Edwd. Adolphus St. Maur, c.c.
Id. Seymour, first commr.
woods, forests. &c., 1849-51 :
first commr. works, &c., 1851.

1852.

Feb. 2. Hy. R. C, Id. Cowley, amb. to

France. e\. te*re ^rT-dy ,
Sir Jno. Patteson, late just. q. b.
Feb. 27. Algernon, D. of Northumberland,

first Id. admy.
John Wm. , E. of Sandwich, capt.

gent. arms.
Archd. Hamilton, E. of Eglinton,

Id. lieut. Ireland.
Chas. Philip, E. of Hardwicke,

postm. gen.
Jas., E. of Malmesbury, for. sec.
Jno. Jas. Robt. Manners, c.c. lord

John Manners, ch. commr.

works, &c.,r~^ VUc .1 (uA^i,
Lord Claude Hamilton, treasr.

hhold.
Wm., Id. de Ros, capt.yeom.guard.
Chas., Id. Colchester, v. pres. bd.

tr.
Hon. Geo. Cecil Weld Forester,

compt. hhold.
Sir Jno. Somerset Pakington,

sec. war and cols. ^'•A.t Apv^i,
Spencer Horatio Walpole, home

sec.
Benjn. Disraeli, ch. ex.ii. t*.^-,^ ^x^^^f^ul
Jos. Warner Henlej-, pres. bd. tr.
Robt. Adam Christopher, chanc.

d. Lane.
Wm. Beresford, sec. at war.
Geo. Bankes, judge adv. gen.
Mar. 5. Orlando Geo. Chas., vise. New-
port, V. chambn.
Sir Jno. Trollope, pres. p. law bd.f. ^'^ ^-<'
Sir Jno. Dodson, judge prerog.

court, Canterbury.
Richd. Southwell, Id. Naas, ch.

sec. Ireland. ''|r<',/-.'.^><.«,^ c^mv\^.^ .^ ^i«.
Fitzroy Jas. Hy., Id. Raglan, m.

gen. ordn.

Apr. 5.
May 15.
Oct. 16.

216

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Aug. 11.
Nov. 14.

Dec. 28. Sir Wm. Molesworth, bt., first

commr. works, <ic.
Sir Jno. Young, bt., ch. sec.

Ireland,c.. A.^'i^ix-
Edwd. Cardwell, pres. bd. tr.

1853.

Jan. 4. Geo. Dauglas, D. of Argyll, Id.
pr. seal.
John Robt., vise. Sydney, capt.
yeom. guard. n^«^i^A^,
Feb. 7. Arthur Richd., D. of Wellington,
m. horse.
Archd. Wm., vise. Drumlanrig,

compt. hhold.
Chas. Pelham Villiers, judge adv.
gen.
Aug. 8. Duncan McNeill, Id. just, gen.,

Scotland.
Oct. 24. Jno. Parker, late sec. admy.

1854.

Apr. 15. Hy. Unwin Addington, late und.
see. for.
Sir Robt. Harry Inglis, bt.
Sir Benjn. Hall, bt., pres. bd.
health. (, uj-Ick-.,^

1855.

Feb. 8. Hon. Hy. Fitzroy, und. sec. home.
Feb. 28, Sir Geo. Cornewall Lewis, bt..

ch. ex.
Mar. 10. Edwd. Horsman, ch. sec. Ire-
land.
Mar.3]. Edwd. Pleydell Bouverie, v. pres.
bd. tr.
Dudley, E. of Harrowby, chanc.
d. Lane.
July 21. Sir Wm. Hy. Maule, late just.

c. p.
Aug. 13. Hon. Wm. Fras. Cowper, pres.
bd. health. fc .!.«( ^rtrM- T^^s+(j
Sir Maurice Fredk. Fitzh. Berke-
ley, Id. admy.
Robt. Lowe, v. pres. bd. tr/i "-
Wm. Monsfll, elk. ordn.tiAi/t-nJ^,.
Nov. 21. Sir Geo. Hamilton Seymour,

G.C.B.

1856.

Apr. 4. Sir Lawrence Peel, late ch. just.,

Caloutta.
July 28. Geo. Wm. Frkdk. CitAS., D. of

Camhkidck; introd.. not sw.
Nov, 28. Archd. Campbell Tait, bp. of

London. »fi- ^ffOvi^Kv.

1857.
Feb. 2. Sir Alex. Jns. Edmd. Cockburn,

Id. ch. jttst. c. p.
Feb. 7, Valentine Auks. V. Castlerosse,

compt. hhold. *p- U(.( ((Ci^..^
Mar, 21, Jas., E. of Elgin and Kincardine,

late gov. gen. Canada ; ouv. sp.

miss, to China.

May 6. Jno. Evelyn Denison, sp. ho.

commons. ^ v^i^.o^u*\^.
Sir Jno. McNeill, g.c.b., pres. p.

1. bd. Scotland.
Fredk. Peel, late und. sec.

war. i^U.hfik <"">,.
.June 25. Hy. Arthur Herbert, ch. sec.

Ireland.
Aug. 27. Sir Edmd. Walker Head, bt., gov.

gen. Canada.

1858.
Feb. 3. Sir Creswell Creswell, judge of

ct. of prob. and div.
Feb. 26. Hy. Chas. FitzRoy, D. of Beau-
fort, m. horse.
Hy. Jno., Earl Talbot, capt.

gent. arms.
Edwd. IIv., lord Stanley, col.

see. *^."<^4:lA^
Sir Fredk. Thesiger, Id. Chelms-
ford. Id. chanc.
Jon. Peel, war sec.
Thos. Hy. Sutton Sotheron-Est-

eourt. pres. p. 1. bd.
Chas. Bowyer Adderley, v. p.
comm. education.*. i^^i.HtM,
Apr. 6. Richd. John, E. of Donoughmore,
pros. bd. tr.
Jno. Robt. Jlowbray, judge adv.
gen. i^jr.r-^^.^M'
June 5. Sir Edwd. Geo. Earle Lytton ^

Bulwer-Lytton, bt., col. s,^c.^<^-*^^
Sir Jno. Taylor Coleridge, late
just. q. b.

1859.

Feb. 2. Jno. Inglis, Id. just. elk. Scot-
land.
Mar. 3. Chas. Hy. Gordon Lennox, c.c. E.

of March, pres. p. 1. bd.4^ *«£-j<.WUw,
Algernon Geo. Percy, lord
Lovaine. v. pres. bd. tr.
May 13. Sir Jno. Laird Mair Lawrence,
•M{^^^^^ l)t., G.C.H., M.C.Lfc .lW^.v.»s«

June 11. Hugh, vise. Gough, comm. ch.

India.
June 18. Geo. Wni Fredk., M. of Ailes-
bury, m. horse.
SirWni. Geo. Hylton Jollifife, bt.,

late sec. treasy.<% A.W i^^M
.Tas. Wilson, v. pres. bd. tr.
Thos. Emerson Headlam, judge
adv. gen.
July 6. Jno. Poyntz, P'arl Spencer, gr.
stole to ])r. Albert.
Hy. Jno., E. of Ducie, capt.

yeom. guard.
Wm. Coutts Koppel, c.c. vise.

Bury, treasr. hbold..if'>-<.ja/Ki'w^
Griinville Loveson Probv, o.c. Id.

Prol.y, eonii)t. hh..ld."Afl-iU,|'-tvh'
Sir Wni. Erie, Id. eh. just. c. p.
Sir Jas. Will. Colvile, late ch.
just. CaUuttii.

THE BOOK OF DIGNTTIES.

217

Feb. 22. Wm. Hutt, v. pres. bd. tv.ati/f^a/cn
June 9. Chas Thos. Longley, abp. design. '

York.
Dec. 17. John Arthur Douglas, Id.

Bloomfield, amb. to Prussia.

1861.

Feb. 4. Fras. , lord Napier, amb. to
Russia.

June 26. Sir Rd. Bethell (Id. Westbury),
Id. chanc.

July 25. Sir Robt. Peel, bt., eh. sec. Ire-
land.

1863.

Feb. 3. Wm. Thomson, abp. York.

Sir Andrew Buchanan, k.C.b.,
amb. to Prussia.
Apr. 28. Geo. Fred. Saml., E. De Grey
and Ripon, sec. war. ^^ '■*f'*'''/'M
Dec. 8. Albert Edwd. Pr. of Wales
introd., not sw.
Sir Wm. Gibson Craig, bt.

1864.

Apr. 7. Chichester Saml. Fortescue, und
sec. cols. t, Af/t^n/^/^, ';'"■''. '/'^^'H.

Apr. 26. Sir Jas. Plaisted Wilde, judge of
ct. of prob. and. div ..',./>./{ ^'".j^^
Hy. Austin Bruce, v. pres. comm.
education.c, . L^{\l-e-^y>^

Nov. 1. Jno., Id. Wodehouse.ft 5<»j^>^A'..^i<!tl

1865.

Feb. 4. Wm. Nathaniel Massey, M.C.I.
Mar. 9. Richd. Bickerton Pemell, Id.

Lyons, amb. U. S. America,

Turkey, France, &c.^,/'.,i-^/y:^
Sir Edwd.- Vaughan Williams,

late just. c. p.
Nov. 29. Geo. .loachim Goschen, v. pres.

bd. tr.

Feb. 16. Spencer Compton Cavendish, c.c.

M. of Hartington, sec. vfSiV.tuj&SU

May 9. Richd. Edmd., E. of Cork and

Orrery, m. buckhounds.

Clarence Edwd. Paget, c.c. Id.

Clarence Paget.
Pr. Alf. Ern. Alb., aft. D. of
Edinburgh, introd., not sw.
June 11. Otho FitzGerald, c.c. Id. Otho
Fitzgerald, treasr. hhold.
Edmund Hammond, und. sec. for.''
Russell Gurney, Recorder of
London.
June 27. Horatio Waddington, und. sec.

home.
July 6. Rd. Plantagenet Campbell Tem-
ple Nugent Brydges Chandos,
D. of Buckingham and Chan-
dos, Id. pres. council.
Hy. Howard Molyneux, E. of
Carnarvon, sec. st. cols.

July 6. Robt. Arthur Talbot Cecil, c.c. .

vise. Cranborne, sec. st. India. '"'/^'''■^•^
Sir Staii'd. Hy. Northcote, bt.,

pres. bd. tr.^i.f'^i -^ !Trc«^^>\ .
Hy. Bouverie Wm! Brand, sec.

treasy.'»/i-..fA^t<»^s"i. T"--— ' A'vi^/''^^
Gathorne Hardy, pres. p. 1. bd.'i. /'/VyJ^/,
July 10. Jno. Winston Spencer, D. of

Marlborough, Id. st. hhold.
Wm. Reginald, E. of Devon,

chanc. d. Lane.
Chas. Aug., E. of Tankerville,

capt. gent. arms.
Hy. Chas., E. of Cadogan, capt.

yeom. guard.
Wm. Alleyne Cecil, c.c. Id.

Burghley, treasr. hhold.
Chas. Philip Yorke, c.c. vise.

Royston, compt. hhold.
Chas. Jno., Id. Colville of Cul-

ross, m. buckhounds.
Stephen Cave, v. pres. bd. tr.
Hy. Jas. Baillie, M.P. Inverness.
Sir FitzRoy Edwd. Kelly, Id. ch.

bar. ex.
Sir Hugh MacCalmont Cairns, 1.

(. j. app.»/'''-^»V/i4»A«i4 ';./'^/r'--^/-£<.f,(2!t?„3

Sir Rd. Torin Kindersley, late v.
chanc.

M.-gen. sir Hy. Knight Storks,
G.C.B., gov. Malta.
Dec. 28. Sir Wm. Bovill, Id. ch, just,
c. p.

Wm. Robt. Seymour Vesey Fitz-
Gerald, gov. Bombay. "i/^'AV.ff.//

Aug. 9.
Nov. 10.

Mar. 19. Robt. Montagu, c.c. lord Robt.
Montagu, v. p. comm. educa-
tion.
Hon. Percy Egerton Herbert,
C.B., treasr. hhold. ♦/'''V^^ , /''f

June 26. Col. Jno. Wilson Patten, chanc.
d. Lane. 1^. .4./ ^i^-t^^vL-f^

Aug. 3. Sir Jno. Rolt, 1. j. app.

i,w^. Sir Robt. Josh. Phillimore,
judge admy. court. uZ/'Ar

Aug 20. Hon. Hy. Geo. EUiot, amb. Tmx-
kej.^r.^ ^.;. /.'«.

Nov. 4. Geo. Patton, Id. just. elk. Scot-
land.

Dec. 20. Sir Fras. Bond Head, bt., late It.
gov. Upp. Canada.

JJK^^d, 1868.

Feb. 29. Geo. Ward Hunt, ch. ex.
Mar. 28. Sir Wm. Page Wood, 1. j. app.fAO <*,•><=.. -iV/^
Sir Chas. Jasper Selwyn, 1. j.

app.
Nov. 7. Col. Thos. Edwd. Taylor, late

sec. treasy. ; chanc. d. Lane,

pro. tern.
Nov. 11. Aug. Wm. Fredk. Spencer

Loftus, G.c.B. , c.c. lord W. F.

S. Lopus, amb. Prussia.

218

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Nov. 11. Sir Jos. Napier, bt., v. chanc.

univ. Dublin, and late Id. chanc

Ireland.
Sir Jas. Fergusson, bt. , gov. S.

Au.stralia.f^*'?-''-" 5-
Dec. 9. Jno. Bright, pres. bd. tr.

Hugh Culling Eardley Childers

first Id. admy.
Austen Hy. Layard, first commr

■works, &c.»i(i^^' ,) <"■•■
Wm. Edwd. Forster, v. p. comm

education.
Dec. 12. Fredk.Temple,ld. Dufferin, K.p.

K.C.B., chanc. d. Lane. Wf-^luJ^^it**;.
Sir Colman Michael O'Loghlen

bt., judge adv. gen.

Feb.

de Tabley, treasr.

4. Geo., Id.
hhold.
Sir Geo. Markham Giffard, 1. j.

app.
Jas. Stansfcld, Id. treasy.
Feb. 15. Wm. Amelius Aubrey De Vere,
D. of St. Albans, capt. yeom.
guard.
Geo. Wm., Id. Lyttelton, for-
merly und. sec. cols.
Maj' 13. Jno. Jackson, bp. of London.
Aug. 7. Chas. Stanley, vise. Monck,gov.
gen. Canada.
Thos. Geo., Id. Northbrook, und.

sec. war.^.W^K)<tl-^.
Geo. Alexr. Hamilton.
Oct. 7. Jas. Moncrieff.'' A^x Ji»^uu|t,
Nov. 11. Sir Alex. Young Spearman, bt.,
commr. works and nat. debt.
Acton Smee Ayrton, ch. commr.
works, &c.

1870.

May 18. Jas. Anthy. Lawson, just. c. p.

Ireland.
July 6. Sir Wm. Milbourne James, 1. j.
app.
Sir Barnes Peacock, late ch. just.
Bengal.
Aug. 9. Sir Wm. Heathcote, bt., late
M.P. univ. Oxford.
Sir Geo. Mellish, 1. j. app.

1871.

Feb. 8. Jno. Robt. Davison, judge adv.

gen.
Mar. 24. Sir Jno. Macphorson Macleod,

late Madras civ. service.
Sir Jno. Stuart, late v. chanc.
May 16. tR. Auxii. NVm. Patu. ALiJT.,aft.

D. of CoNNAi OUT, introd., not

8W.

Fras. Thos. do Grey, E. Cowpcr,

K.G., capt. gent. arms.

June 29. Sir Frcdk. Rogers, k.c..m.c;., und.

sec. cols. e».J>Mi^^U;u(,

Mountaguo Bernarcl, d.c.l., prof.

at Oxford, momber jud. comm.

Aug. 19. Sir Edwd. Thornton, k.c.b., env.

est. U. S. America.
Nov. 3. Sir Jas. Shaw Willos, late just,
c. p.

Sir Montague Edwd. Smith, mem-
ber jud. comm.

Sir Edwd. Lugard, g.c.b., uni
sec. war.

Sir Robt. Porrett Collier, member
jud. comm.

Feb.

1872.

Sir Jas. Weir Hogg, bt., late

M.C.I.
Odo Wm. Leopold Russell, amb.
(jermany.

Mar. 19. Richd. d'Aguilar Grosvenor, c.c.
Id. Richd. Grosvenor, v.
chambn. hhold.
Aug. Fredk. <ieo. Warwick, Id.

Poltimore, treasr. hhold.
Sir Wm. Thos. KnoUys, k.c.b.,
comptr. pr. Wales.
May 10. John Geo. Dodson. chairman of
committees, and dcp. sp. ho.
com I'ons.C LU^*.htM'<'
Aug. 9. Geo. Young. Id. adv. Scotland.
Oct. 15. Sir Roundell Palmer (Id. Sel-

borne). Id. chanc. «,.W4^S(^r>«-.
Nov. 27. Peter Erie, late charity commr.

Sir Jas. Hannon. judge of ct. of
prob. and div. ^^ 'W< ■rt»v».t^

1873.

Mar. 3. Sir John Barnard Byles, late just.

c. p.
Mar. 24. Wm. Edwd. Baxter, late sec.

treasy.
Edwd. Hugessen Knatchbull-

llugessen, und. sec. cols.£<i-rfiJv»/n*w.
Aug. 4. Geo. Grenfcll, Id. Wolverton, sec.

treasv.
Sir Hv.Bartle Edwd. Frere,K.c,B.,

M.C.I. fc/v'U.f.
Aug. 9. Wm. Patrick Adam, payr.-gen.,

&c.
Aug. 30. Sir Geo. Jessel, m. rolls.
Dec. 12. Sir John Duke Coleridge, Id. ch.

Lyon Playfair, po-tni. gen. «M-i«<(/tij t>.

1874.

Fob. 2. Wm. John, II. Monson, treasr-
hhold. c../>i-i-^'*-^.
Sir Saiiil. Martin, late bar. ex.
Fob. 21. Hy. Edwd, E. of llchoster, cap.

gout, arms ^.

Richd. .\s-iliot n Cro.ss. homo sec.'' •"♦ '
Mar. 2. Fras. Hug i Goo , M. of Hertford,
Id. chambn. hhold.
Hy. (Joo. 1*0 cy. c.c. E. Percy,

treasr. hhold.
Fredk.. E. Bcauchamp. Id. st.
hhol.l

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

21»

Mar. 2. Hy. Richd. Chas. Somerset, c.c.
Id. Somerset, compt. bhold.
Geo. Wm., vise. Barring'on, v.

chambn. hhold.
Dudley Fras. Stuart Ryder, c.c.
vise. Sandon, v. p. comm.
educatn.
Edwd. , Id. Skelmersdale, capt.

yeom. guard. 'i-'^Ui/, Ult^iK
Sir iUichael Edwd. Hicks-Beach,

bt., ch. sec. Ireland.

Sir John Chas. Dalrj'mple Hay,

bt., commr. pub. works loan bd.

Geo. Sclater Booth, pres. 1. g. bd.s

Mar. 17. Edwd. Strathearn Gordon, Id.

adv. Scotland.
May 12. Hon. Gerard Jas. Noel, form.
sec. treasy., aft. first commr.
wks., &c.
July 7. Hy. Chas. Geo. Gordon Lennox,
c.c. Id. Hy. Gordon Lennox,
first commr. wks., &c.
Aug. 6. John Gellibrand Hubbard, first
commr. pub. wks. loan \iA.cL)(i^
Oct. liO. Pe. Leop. Geo. Duncan Albt.,
aft.D.of Albany, introd., not sw.

1875.

Feb. 4. Chas. John, E. of Shrewsbury
and Talbot, capt. gent. anus.

Sir fdy. Singer Keating, late just.
c. p.
Mar. 17. John Douglas Sutherland Gamp-
bell, c.c. M. of Lome, M.P.
Argyleshire.

Hon. sir Chas. Augs. Murray,
K.C.B., groom in waiting.

Sir Richd. Baggallay, 1. j. app.

Sir Richd. Couch, late ch. just.
Bengal.

Geo. Augs. Fredk. Cavendish Ben-
tinck, judge adv. gen.

1876.

Feb. 12. Hon. Hy. Fk. Thynne, c.c. Id.

Hy. Fk. Thynne. treasr. hhold.

Mar. 24. Sir John Burgess Karslake, late

att. gen.
July 21. Sir Augs. Berkeley Paget, k.C.b.,

auib. to Italy.
Nov. 28. Colin, Id. Blackburn, Id. of app.
Sir Hy. Couyngham Montgomery,

bt., late M.C.L
Sir Geo. Wm. Wilshere Bramwell,

1. j. app. '..'Ui 'viA>M»{t
Sir Wm. Baliol Brett, 1. j. app. ^
Sir Richd. Paul Amphlett,!. j. ajip.
1877.
July 11. Hy. Cotton. 1. j. app.
Aug 13. Geo. Wm., E. of Coventry, capt.
gent. arms.
Wm. Hy. Smith, first Id. admy.
Dec. 12. Hon. Alf. Hv. Thesiger, 1. j. app.
Dec. 22. Lt.-gen. sir Thos. Myddelton Bid-
dulph,K.c.B.,kpr. pr. purse, &c.

June 26.
Aug. 14.

May 13.
Nov. 27.

1878.

Feb. 22. Jas. Lowther, ch. sec. Ireland.
Mar. 26. Wm., D. of Devoishire, k.g.

Wm. Watson, Id. adv. Scotland.
April 2. Col. hon. Fredk. Arthur Stanley,

sec. war. 'i/i^'kj'.^-fiei.^j
April 4. Geo. Fras. Hamilton, c.c. Id.

Geo. Fras. Hamilton, v. p.

comm. educatn.
Aug. 14. John Arthur Roebuck.

1879.

Feb. 22. Hugh de Grey Seymour, c.c. E. of
•^i*^ Yarmouth, compt. hhold.

May 17. Wm. Hy.. E. of Mount Edg-
cumbe, Id. chambn. hhold.
Sir Robt. Lush, 1. j. app.
Sir John Mellor, late just. q. b.
Sir John Alexr. Macdonald, k.c.b.>
prem. of Canada.

Mar. 18,

Mar. 24.
Apr. 20.

Apr. 28.
May 3.

1880.

Gilbert Hy., Id. Aveland, dep.

Id. gr. chambn. ^^ 'iu^a^.i^it^
Hy. Cecil Raikes, chainn. comm.

ways and means and dep. sp.

ho. of commons.
David Robt. Plunket, paym. ^Q^.t.-UiL'^-^
Geo. Cubitt, M.P. West Surrey.*.. W^^^
Hon. Robt. Bourke, late imd. see

for. 'i i-^i^CeK 'I'fKrtv'.
Sir Wm. Hart-Dyke, late Fee.

treasy.
Lt.-gen. sir Hy. Fredk. Ponsonby,

K.C.B. , kpr. pr. purse.
Alesr. Jas. Beresford Beresford-

Hope, M.P. Camb. Univ.
Hugh Lupus, D. of Westminster,

K.G., m. horse.
Sir Wm. Geo. Granville Venables

Vernon Harcourt, home sec.
Gavin, E. of Breadalbane. treasr.

hhold. 1-, .K,

.;">•/

HwHh^-

Alexr. Wm. Geo., E. of Fife. capt.

gent. arms.r,..i^A« j^«
Chas. W^m. Brudenell Bruce, c.c.

Id. C. W. B. Bruce, v. chambn.

hhold.
Wm.. Id. Kensington, compt.

hhold.
Jos. Chamberlain, pres. bd. tr.
Anthony John Mundella, v. p.

comm. educatn.
Hy. Fawcett, postm. gen.
k\(1ylu^ Geo. Osborne ^Morgan, judge adv.

gen. A. A "^.c
Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant

Duff, imd. sec. cols..}^-A'^. j-.f-o'
Dec. 16. Geo. John Shaw Lefevre. first

commr. wks., &c.

1881.

Mar. 2. Chas., M. of Huntley, capt. gent.

a20

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Mar. 2. Sir Arth. Hobhouse, k.c.s.i.,
memb. jud. comm.*< ■ )^^ M^t-^-.*

May 18. Sir Richd. Malins, late v. chanc.

July 15. Chas. Robt., Id. Carrington.
capt. gent, arms.t, v^/^j/'^^i't^

Aug. 26. Archd. Philip, E. of Rosebery,
und. sec. home.

Dec. 19. Sir Xatbl. Lindley, 1. j. app.

1882.

Feb. G. Sir John Holker, 1. j. app.
June 29. John David FitzGerald, Id. of
app.
Sir Chas. Synge Christopher

Bowen, 1. j. app. (.i^J^ ^^^
Geo. Otto Trevelyan, ch. sec. Ire-
land.,-(r.K<;.''. O-.*-
Dec. 28. Sir Chas. Wentworth Dilke, bt.,
pres. 1. g. bd.

Mar. 19. Edwd. White Benson, abp. of

Canterbury.
Apr. 20. Sir Edwd. Fry, 1. j. app.
^.(t. May 22. Sir Hercules Geo. Robt. Robin-
son, G.C.M.G., gov. C. G. Hope.
Aug. 23. Sir Louis Mallet, c.b., late und.
sec. India.
Sir Thos. Dyke Acland, M.P.

North Devon.
John Baird Balfour, Id. adv.
Scotland.
Dec. 12. Sir John Savile Lumley, k.c.b.,
amb. Italy. '-■^■'- Jti^4

June

June

July

Aug.
Sept.
Dec.

1884.

May 19. Arthur Wellesley Peel, sp. ho.

commons. «« I'^jc-.^- PnZ Pelj,

Aug. 11. Sir Thos. Erskine May, K.c.n.,

elk. ho. commons. 1^ ^^.Wyl, ;
Adm. Sir Astley Cooper Key,

G.C.U., Id. admy. ■

Nov. 29. Hy. Campbell JBannerman, ch. |

sec. Ireland. r'vKu/Kij.f.ft,

Jan. 27. Sir Robt. Burnett David Morier.

K.C.I!., amb. Russia.
Mar. 26. Sir Edmd. Baldwin Malet, ic.c.u.,

amb. Germany.
May 19. Fredk. Temple, bp. of London.

Sir John Lambert, k.c.b., form,
sec. 1. g. bd.
June 24. Sir Hy. James, late atty. -gcn.^ iKiij ns»i
Randolph Hy. Spencer Churchill. Feb,
C.C. Id. R. H. S. Churchill
sec. India
Hon. Edwd. Stanhope, v. pres.

comm. oducatn.
Edwd. Gibson (Id. Ashbourne)

Id. chamlin. Ireland.
Sir Hy. Sehvin-Ibbet8on,bt.,forui,
und. sec. home, sec. treany. ,

&C. ti.^t^WlvvW

24. SirHy. DrummondWolff,G.c.M.G.,

K.c.n., high commr., &c., to

Egypt.
Sir Ilardinge Stanley Giflfard

Cld. Halsbury), Id. chanc.
Hy. Chaplin, chanc. d. Lane.
Arthur Jas. Balfour, pres. 1. g.

bd.
27. John Hy..M. of Waterford, k.p.,

m. buckhounds.
Geo. Hy., earl Cadogan, Id. pr.

seal.
Arth. Wm. Hill, c.c. lord A. W.

Hill, compt. hhold.
Wm. Pleydell, Bouverie, c.c.

vise. Folkestone, treasr. hhold. j((*i-<»^^
Wm. Heneage Legge, c.c. vise.

Lewisham. chambn. hhold. -^k'i^./ ^''^
9. Sir Arth. John Otway, bt., chair-
man committees and dep. sp.

ho. commons.
Wm. Thackeray Marriott, judge

adv. gen.
Sir Massey Lopes, bt., form. Id.

admy.
Sir Harry Verney, bt., M.P.

Buckm.
Sir Eras. Richd. Sandford, k.c.b.,

und. sec. Scotland. a -^X^^vTv/.
12. John Hay Athol Macdonald, Id.

adv. Scotland.
17. Sir Hy. Thurstan Holland, bt.,

K.C.M.G., V. p. comm. educatn.''«^V.Ai
12. Sir Hy. Chas. Lopes, 1. j. app.
Stephen Woulfe Flanagan, late

land judge chanc. div. Ireland.

6. Wm. Schomberg Robt., M. of
Lothian, kpr. pr. seal, Scot-
land.

Sir Chas. Lennox Wyke,G.C.M.O.,
K.C.B., late dipl. service.

Chas. Newdigato Newdigate, late
M.P., N. Warwicksh.

John Campbell, E. of Aberdeen,
Id. lieut. Ireland.

Sir Farror Hcrsehell (lord Hcr-
Rchell), Id. chanc.

.John Morley, ch. seo. Ireland.

Edwd. Henoage, chanc. d LancA^-./Vf.-^
10. Chas. Douglas Richd., Id. Sude-
ley, capt. gent. arms.

Hon. Edwd. JIarjoribanks,
compt. hhold. */^A-«^wiA^(lt.
17. Victor Ale.\r.,E. of Elgin, treasr.
hhold.

Albert Edmd., E. of .Morley, first
commr. wks., &c.

Fredk. Edwd. Gould, vise. Kil-
coursio, v. chambn. hhold.Y^.'i-w.js,.*^

Chas., Id. Sulliold, m. buck-
hounds.

John TomliuBon Ilibbert, sec.
admy.KC^*-';" ^^rt

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

221

Mar. 8. John Wm. Mellor, judge adv. gen. Nov. 26.
Api-. 3. John Wm. , E. of balhousie, kpr.
gr. seal. Scotland.
Thos.John,ld.Thurlow,paym.gen.
Col. John Sidney North, late
M.P. Osfordsh. "
Apr. 16. Sir Ughtred Jas. Kay-Shuttle-

worth, bt. , chanc. d. Lane. Jan. 25.

June 26. Hy. Hartley Fowler, sec treasy ''''<»'*■, .v<.
Aug. 3. Sir John Rose, bt., g.c.m.g. July 12.

Sir John Hay Drummond-Hay,

G.C.M.G., K.C.B.

Chas. Stewart, 'SI. of Londonderry,

Id. lieut. Ireland. Nov. 28.

Aug. 3. Hy. Matthews, home secj; .4,'^-/^'fc;f
Chas. Thomson Ritchie, pres. 1. g.

bd. Feb. 21.

Aug. 16. Wm. John Arth. Chas. Jas., D. of June 29.
Portland, m. horse.
Algn. Hawkins Thomond, E. of
Kintore, capt. yeom. gd.

Fras. Robt., E. of Rosslyn, capt.

gent. arms.
Sir Jas. Bacon, late v. chanc.
Sir Geo. Ferguson Bowen,

G.C.M.G., gov. Hong Kong.

1887.

Edwd. Macnaghten, aft. Id. Mac-

naghten, Id. of app.
Adelbeit Wellington Brownlow,

E. Brownlow, paym. gen.
Sir Jno. Clayton Cowell, k.c.b.,

mast, hhold.
Sir Wm. Robt. Grove, late just.q.b.

Sir Rd. Garth , late ch. just . Bengal.
Edw. Robt. Earl Lytton, g.c.b.,

G.C.s.i. , amb. to France.
Sir Wm. Arth. White, g.c.h.,

G.C.M.G., amb. to Turkey.

LORDS LIEUTENANT OF IRELAND.

CHIEF SECRETARIES TO THE LORDS LIEUTENANT.

PARLIAMENTARY SECRETARIES AND UNDER

SECRETARIES TO THE LORDS LIEUTENANT.

See Part X. " Ireland," post.

THE PRINCIPAL SECRETARIES OP STATE.

The earliest mention of a king's secretary (secretarius nosier) occurs in
1253 (37 Hen. III.). There was only one secretary of state until 1539,
when Henry VIII. increased the number to two, of equal rank and
authority. These secretaries were either at the time of their first
appointment, or soon afterwards, styled secretaries for the " northern "
and " southern " departments. Both attended to home affairs, but
foreign affairs were divided between them — the " northern " secretary
taking the Low Countries, Germany, Sweden, Poland, Russia; and the
"southern" secretary taking France, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Portu-
gal, Turkey, &c. Irish affairs were under the charge of the senior
secretary.

In 1708, soon after the union between England and Scotland, a third
secretary of state was appointed, styled the secretary of state for Scot-
land. This office was abolished in 1746 ; but in 1885, by 48 & 49 Vict.,
cap. 61, a " secretai-y for Scotland " was again appointed. He, how-
ever, does not rank as a secretary of state, and is not always a cabinet
minister.

In 1768 a third secretary of state was again appointed, to attend to
American affairs. He was styled the secretary of state for the colonies.
This office was abolished in 1782 by 22 Geo. III., cap. 82. In the
same year the terms " northern " and " southern " departments were

222 THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

discontinued, and the secretaryships were divided into " home " and
" foreign," Ireland and the colonies being allotted to the former.

The " secretary at war " was not a principal secretary of state, but an
oflBcial of inferior rank. On July 11, 1794, a secretary of state for
war was appointed, and on March 17, 1801, the duties connected with
the colonies were transferred to his department, he being thenceforth
styled secretary of state for war and the colonies. The secretary at
war was continued as a separate office, but from 1855 it was always held
jointly with the secretaryship of state for war, and it was ultimately
abolished in 1863 by 26 & 27 Vict., cap. 12.

On June 12, 1854, a fourth secretary of state was appointed, and the
duties of the " war " and " colonial " departments were separated.

In 1858 the board of control was abolished by 21 & 22 Vict., cap. 106,
and a fifth secretary of state was appointed for Indian affairs. He is
styled the secretary of state for India.

The Irish secretary is not a secretary of state, but is chief secretary to
the lord lieutenant of Ireland. He is not always a cabinet minister.

There are now five principal secretaries of state viz. : —

I. Home.
II. Foreign.

III. War.

IV. Colonies.

V. Indit

These are always members of the Cabinet, and retire from office on a
change of ministers.

The division of the duties of the principal secretai-ies of state into
departments is purely a matter of arrangement for greater convenience
in the despatch of business. Each secretary has full power to transact
the business of any or every department.

PRINCIPAL SECRETARIES OF STATE DOWN TO 1782.

See Introduction, ante p. 221.

The earlier dates represent the time when they were found to be secre-
taries, not their appointments, unless expressly so mentioned.

King Henry III.
1253. John Maunsell, described as '
farms noster."

King Edwakd I.

1278. Francis Accursii.
1299. John de Benstede.

Kino Edward II
1308. Wm. de Melton.

King JtiiiiAUD II.
1379. Robt. Braybrooke.

King Henry IV.
1402. John Profit, held the office until
1412, when he was app. Id. pr.
yeal.

King Henry V.
secre- , 1415. John Stone, who, before 1421. was
succ. by Wm. Alnwick.

King Henry VI.

1432. Wm. Hayton, dismissed and no per-
son at that time appointed to suc-
ceed him.

1439. Thos. Bockington, who held the
office until 1443, when he was
app. Id. pr. seal.

14G0. Thos. Manning.

King Edward IV.
1464. Wm. HatcIilTo, called " one of the
king's secretaries," called secre-
tary and councillor, in 14(57 ; held
the office until 1480, when a co-
adjutor, t)liver King, was given

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

223

him on account of his age : Oliver
King was to succeed him; Hatcliffe
died same year.
1408. Oliver King.

King Richard HI.
1483. John Kendal; Oliver King having
been removed. Kendal was sec.
on Aug. 1, 1485.

King Henky VII.

1485. Richd. Fox, made bp. of Exeter
in 1487, probably succ. by

1487. Oliver King, who was certainly
sec. in 1489 and in 1492, when he
was made bp. of Exeter ; probably
succ. by

1500. Thos. Ruthal. or Routhall, who
was certainly sec. in 1500 and to
1509, when he became bp. of Dur-
ham.

King Henry VIII.
1509. Routhall, rontd. Sec. until May

1516, when he became Id. pr.

seal.
1516. Richd. Pace.
1526. Wm. Knight.
1528. Stephen Gardiner, bp. of Winchester

in 1531.
1533. Thos. Cromwell, aft. Id. Cromwell

and E. of Essex ; Id. pr. seal, July

2, 1536.
1536. Thos. Wriothesley.

First Appointment of Two
Secretaries.
1539. Thos. Wriothesley, and

Sir Ralph Sadler.
1543. Sir Wm. Petre, vice Wriothesley.

Sir Wm. Paget, vice Sadler, April
23.

King Edward VI.

1547. Sir Wm. Petre, and
Sir Wm. Paget, contd.

1548. Sir Wm. Petre, and
Sir Thos. Smith.

1549. Nichs. Wotton, and
Sir Wm. Petre.

Sir Wm. Cecil, cice Wotton.
1551. Sir Wm. Petre and sir Wm. Cecil,

" our secretaries."
1553. Sir John Cheke, in addition to sir

Wm. Petre and sir Wm. Cecil.

Queen Mary.
1553. Sir Wm. Petre, and sir John Bourne.

1557. John Boxall, the first sec. app. by

letters pat.

Queen Elizabeth.

1558. Sir Wm. Cecil, aft. Id. Burleigh ;

Id. treasr. in 1572.
1572. Sir Thos. Smith.

1574. Sir Fras. Walsingham.

1578. Thos. Wilson, app. by pat., Jan. 5,
in addition to sirFras.Walsingham-

1586. Wm. Davison, app. " one of the chief
secretaries " by pat.

1596. Sir Robt. Cecil, also app. " one of
the chief secretaries" by pat.
July 13.
He continued sec. during the remain-
der of this reign.

King James I.
1603. Sir Robt. Cecil, contd. ; aft. E of

Salisbury.
1609. Sir Alexr. Hay.
1612. Thos. Hamilton.
1616. Sir Ralph Winwood.
Sir Thos. Lake.

1618. Sir John Herbert, vice Winwood.
Sir Robt. Naunton, vice Herbert.

1619. Sir Geo. Calvert, aft. Id. Baltimore,

rice Lake.
1622. Sir Edwd. Conway, aft Id. Con-
way, vice Naunton.

King Charles I.
1625. Sir Albertus Morton. Apr. 9.

Sir Edwd., Id. Conway, contd. Apr.

23.
Sir John Coke, vice Morton. Nov. 9.
1630. Sir Dudley Carleton, Id. Carleton,
aft vise. Dorchester, vice Conway.
1632. Fras., Id. Cottington, vice Dorches-
ter.
Sir Harry Vane, vice Coke.
Sir Fras. Windebanke, vice Cotting-
ton.

1641. Sir Edwd. Nicholas, vice Winde-

banke.

1642. Lucius, vise. Falkland, vice Vane.
Geo., Id. Digby, vice Falkland.

On the commencement of the civil
war all went into confusion. The
name of Secretary of State was
abolished during the Common-
wealth.

From the Restoration op
King Charles II.
1660. Sir Edwd. Nicholas. June 1.

Sir Wm. Morrice. June 30.
1662. Sir Hy. Bennet, aft. E. of Arlington,

vice Nicholas.
1668. Sir John Trevor, vice Morrice. Sept.

29.
1672. Hy. Coventry, vice Trevor. July 18.
1674. Sir Jos. Williamson, vice Arlington.

Sept. 11.
1678. Robt., E. of Sunderland, vice Wil-
liamson. Feb. 20.

1680. Sir Leoline Jenkins, vice Coventry.

Feb. IL

1681. Edwd., E. of Conway, vice Sunder-

land. Mar. 9.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1683. Robt., E. of Sunderland, again, vice

Conway, ilar. 6.

1684. Sidney Godolphin. aft. E. of Godol-

phin, vice Jenkins. May 1.
Chas., E. of Middleton, vice Godol-
phin. Sept. 25.

King James II.

1685. Robt., E. of Sunderland, aqain.

Mar. 13.

1688. Richd. , vise. Preston, vice Middleton.

King William III.

1689. Cbas., E. of Shrewsbury. Feb. 19.
Danl., E. of Nottingham.

1690. Hy., vise. Sydney, aft. E. Romncy,

vice Shrewsbury. Dec. 26.
1692. Sir John Trenchard, vice Sydney.

1694. Chas., E. of Shrewsbury, at/ain, vice

Nottingham. Mar. 4.

1695. Sir Wm. Trumbull, vice Trenchard.

May 3.
1697. Jas. Vernon, vice. Trumbull. Dec 5.

1700. Edwd., E. of Jersey, vice Shrews-

bury. May 26.
Sir Chas. Hedges, vice Vernon.
Nov. 5.

1701. Chas., E. of Manchester, i-ice Jersey.

Jan. 4.

Queen Anne:

1702. Danl., E. of Nottingham, again

May 15.
Sir Chas. Hedges, aqain, May 2.
1704. Robt. Harley, aft. E. of Oxford and

E. Mortimer, vice Nottingham.

May 18.
1706. Chas., E. of Sunderland, vice

Hedges. Dec. 3.
1708. Hy. Boyle, aft. Id. Carleton, vice

Harley. Feb. 15.
1710. Wm. , Id. Dartmouth, aft. E. of Dart-
mouth, rice Sunderland. June 15.
Hy. St. John, aft. vise. Bolingbroke,

ince Boyle. Sept. 21.

1713. Wm. Bromley, vice Dartmouth.

King George I.

1714. Chas., vise. Townshend, vice Boling-

broke. Sept. 27.
Jas. Stanhope, aft. E. Stanhope, i-ica
Bromley. Sept. 27.

1716. Paul Mcthuen, in the absence of Mr.

Stanhope. June 23.

1717. Chas., E. of Sunderland, vice Stan-

hope. Apr. 16.
Jos.Addison,?vcfiTown8hond. Apr 16.

1718. Jas. Craggs, vice Addison. Mar. 16.
Jas., E. Stanhope, aijuin, vice Sun-
derland. Jhir. 18.

1721. Chas., vise. Townshend, vice Stan-
hope. Feb. 10.
John, Id. Carteret, aft. E. Gran-
ville, vice CraLTga. Mar. 5.

1724, Thos. Polham Holies, D. of New-
castle, vice Carteret. Apr. 14.

King Geokge II.

1727. D. of Newcastle, and

Vise. Townshend, contd. ; patents
dated Julv 27.

1730. Wm., Id. "Harrington, aft. E. of
Harrington, rire Townshend.
June 27.

1742. John, Id. Carteret, again vice Har-
rington. Feb. 15.

1744. Wm., ¥j. of Harrington, again, vice
Carteret. Nov. 27.

1746. John. E. Granville, vice Harrington.
Feb. 10.

1746. Wm., E. of Harrington, again, vice
Granville. Feb. 14.
Philip Dormer, E. of Chesterfield,
vice Harrington, Nov. 4.

1748. John, D. of Bedford, vice Chester-
field. Feb. 13.

1751. Robt., E. of Holdernesse, vice Bed-
ford, June 21.

1754. Sir Thos. Robinson, aft. Id. Grant-

ham, vice Newcastle, Apr. 15.

1755. Hy. Fox, aft. Id. Holland, vice

Robinson, Nov. 25.

1756. Wm. Pitt, aft. E. of Chatham, vice

Fox, Dec. 14 ; res. Apr. 1757.

1757. Wm. Pitt, again, June 30.

King George III.

1760. Wm. Pitt, and

Robt., E. of Holdernesse, contd.

From this time the two departments
are distinguished, " N. Dep." sig-
nifying Northern Department, and
" S. Dep." Southern Department.

1761. John, K. of Bute, vice Holdernesse

(S. Dep.), Mar. 25; pat. dated
Apr. 13.
Chas., E. of Egremont, vice Pitt (N.
Dep.), Oct. 9; pat. dated Oct. 23.

1762. Hon. Geo. Grenville, vice Bute (S.

Dep.), May 29; pat. dated June
19.

1763. John, E. of Sandwich, vice Egre-

mont (N. Dep.), Sept. 2; pat.
dated Sept. 23.
Geo., E. of Halifax, vice Grenvill»
(S. Dep.), Oct. 14; pat. dated
Nov. 15.

1765. Aug. Hv., D. of Grafton, vice Hali-

fax (S. Dep.), July 10.
Hon. Hy. Seymour Conway, »•«'(•<
Sandwich (N. Dep.), July 10 ;
pat. dated July 19; transf. to S.
Dep., May 2(1, "l 7 66.

1766. Chas., D. of Richmond, vice Grafton

(N. Dep.), May 6; pat. dated
Juno 3.
Wm. , E. of Sbolburne, aft. M. of
Lansdowno, vice Richmond (N.
Dep.), July 30; pat. dated Aug.
18.
1768. Thos., viae. Weymouth, aft. M. of

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

226

Bath, vice Conway (S. Dep.), Jan.
20 ; pat. dated Feb. 5 ; transf. to
N. Dep., Oct. 21.
1768. Wm. Hy. , E. of Rochford, vice Shel-
burne (S, Dep.), Oct. 21 ; transf.
to N. Dep., Dec. 19, 1770.

1770. John, E. of Sandwich, again, vice

Weymouth (S. Dep.), Dec. 19.

1771. Geo., E. of Halifax, vice Sandwich

(S. Dep.), Jan. 22.

1771. Hy., E. of Suffolk and Berkshire,

vice Halifax (S. Dep.), June 12.
1775. Thos., vise. Weymouth, aft. M. of

Bath, again, vice Rochford (N.

Dep.), Nov. 10.
1779. David, vise. Stormont, aft. E. of

Mansfield, vice Suffolk (S. Dep.),

Oct. 27 ; pat. dated Nov. 30.
Wills, E. of Hillsborough, aft. M. of

Downshire (N. Dep.), Nov. 24;

pat. dated Jan. 19.

UNDER SECRETARIES OF STATE DOWN TO 1782.
See Introduction, ante p. 221.

1680. John Cooke. Apr. 14.

Fras. Gwynn. Apr. 26.
1682. Wm. Bridgeman, vice Gwynn.

William and Makt and King Williasi III.

Southern Department.
1689. Richd. Warr.

John Isham.
1699. Robt. Yard.

Matt. Prior.

Southern Department.
1702. Richd. Warr.

Wm. Aglionby.
1704. John Isham, vice Aglionby.
1707. John Tucker.

Jos. Addison.
1710. Thos. Hopkins.

Robt. Pringle.

Southern Department.
1714. Robt. Pringle, contd.
Chas. Stanhope.

1717. Temple Stanian.
Thos. Tickell.

1718. — Corbiere.
Chas. de la Faye.

1724. Chas. de la Faye.
Temple Stanian.

Northern Department.
1692. Wm. Bridgeman.

Jas. Vernon.

Thos. Hopkins, vice Vernon.
1697. Thos. Hopkins.

John Ellis, vice Bridgeman.
1700. John Ellis.

John Tucker, vice Hopkins.

Queen Anne.

Northern Department.
1702. John Ellis, ) , ,

John Tucker, j" ^""'^•
1704. Richd. Warr.

Erasmiis Lewis.
1710. Geo. Tilson.

Horatio Walpole.

King George I.

1714.

Northern Department.

Geo. Tilson, ( , ,

- contd.

Horatio Walpole, j
1717. Geo. Tilson.

Chas. de la Faye.
1724. Geo. Tilson.

Thos. Townshend.

King George II.

Southern Department.

1735. John Couraud, vice Stanian.

1736. And. Stone, vice de la Faye.
1743. Thos. Ramsden, vice Couraud.

Northern Department.
1730. Geo. Tilson.

Edwd. Weston.
1740. Thos. Stanhope, vice Tilson.

15

226

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

SouTHEKK Department (continued').
1748. Richd. Nevill Aldworth.
John Potter.

Hon. Richd. Leveson Gower, rice
Potter.
1751. Claudius Amyand.
Richd. Pottinger.

1754. Claudius Amyand.
Jas. Rivers.

1755. Claudius Amyand.
Jas. Rivers.

Hv. Rivers.

1756. Robt. Wood.
Jas. Rivers.

Northern Depahtment (conttnued).
1742. Edwd. Weston.

— Balaguier.
1745. Edwd. Weston.

— ChetwjTid.
174G. — Chetwynd.

John Potter.
1748. Andw. Stone.

Thos. Ramsden.

1750. Claudius Amyand.

Hugh Valence Jones, rice Ramsden.

1751. Jas. Wallis, vice Amyand.
Andw. Stone.

1754. Jas. Wallis.

Richd. Pottinger, rice Stone.
1760. Michael Peter Morin, vice Pottinger.

Wm. Eraser, vice Wallis.

King George HI.

Southern Department.

1763.

Richd. Phelps.

1761.

Robt. Wood, ]^^„,j
Jas. Rivers, T^"'^-
Edwd. Sedgwick.

Jas. Rivers.

17G5.

Rd. Stonehewer.

1762.

Wm. Eraser.

Level Stanhope.

1766.

Wm. Eraser.

1765.

Wm. Burke.

Wm. Burke.

Michael Peter Morin.

1768.

Wm. Eraser.

John Chas. Roberts.

David Hume, vice Burke

1768.

Robt. Wood.

Robt. Wood.

Wm. Eraser.

1769.

R. Sutton.

1773.

Eras. Willis.

Stanier Porten.

Sir Stanier Porten.

1770.

Richd. Phelps.

1775.

Sir Stanier Porten.

Wm. Eraser.

Sir Anthy. Chamier, vice Willis.

1771.

Edwd. Sedgwick.

1779.

Robt. Bell, vice Chamier.

Level Stanhope.
Wm. Eden.

Northern Department.

Wm. Eraser.

1761.

Edwd. Weston.

1772.

Wm. Eraser.

Chas. Jenkinson.

Thos. Whately.

1762.

Edwd. Weston.

1773.

Wm. Eden, i-j'ce Whately

Edwd. Sedgwick.

1779.

Wm. Eraser.

Lovell Stanhope, vice Weston.

Benj. L'Anglois.

SECRETARIES OF STATE FOR THE HOME
DEPARTMENT.

See Introduction, ante p. 221, and " Secretaries of State," ante p. 222.

1782. Wm., E. of Shelburne, vice Id.

Stormont, Mar. 27.
Thos., Id. Grantham, July 17; res.
Apr. 1783.

1783. Fredk., Id. North, aft. E. of Guild-

ford. Apr. 2.
Fras. , M. of Carmarthen, aft. succ.
as D. of Leeds, Dec. 23.

1789. Wm. Wyndham Grenvillo, aft. Id.
Groiiville, June 5.

1701. Hv. Dundas, aft. Id. Melville. Juno 8.

1794. Wm. Hv., D. of Portland, Julv 11.

1801. Thos.. Id. Pelham, aft. E. of Chi-
chester, .lulv 30.

1803. Chas. Pliilip Yorko, Aug. 7; res.
May 1804.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

t>27

1804. Robt., Id. Hawkesbury, aft. E. of
Liverpool, May 12.

1806. Geo. John, E. Spencer, Feb. 5.

1807. Robt., Id. Hawkesbury, again, Mar.

25.
1809. Richd. Ryder, Nov. 1.
1812. Hy., vise. Sidmouth, June 11.
1822. Robt. Peel, aft. sir R., bt., Jan. 17.

1827. Wm. Sturges Bourne, Apr. 30.
Hy., M. of Lansdowne, July 16.

1828. Robt. Peel, acjain, Jan. 26.
1830. Wm., vise. Melbourne, Nov. 22.

1834. John, vise. Duncannon, aft. E. of

Besborough, July 19.
Hy. Goulburn, Dec. 15.

1835. Ld. John Russell, aft. E. Russell,

Apr. 18.
1839. Constantino Hy., M. of Normanby,

Aug. 30.
1841. Sir Jas. Robt. Geo. Graham, bt.,

Sept. 6.
1846. Sir Geo. Grey, bt., July 6.
1852. Spencer Horatio Walpole, Feb. 27.
Hy. Jno., vise. Palmerston, Dec.

28.
1855. Hon. Sidney Herbert, aft. Id. Herbert

of Lea, Feb. 8.

1855. Sir Geo. Grey, bt., again, Feb. 28.

1858. Spencer Horatio Walpole, again,

Feb. 26.

1859. Thos. Hy. Sutton Sotheron-Est-

court, Mar. 3.
Sir Geo. Cornewall Lewis, bt., June
18.
1861. Sir Geo. Grey, bt., g.c.b., again,
July 25.

1866. Spencer Horatio Walpole, again,

July 6.

1867. Gathorne Hardy, aft. vise. Cran-

brook. May 17.

1868. Hy. Austin Bruce, aft. Id. Aber-

dare, Dec. 9.

1873. Robt. Lowe, aft. vise. Sherbrooke,

Aug. 9.

1874. Rd. Assheton Cross, aft. vise. Cross,

Feb. 21.
1880. Sir Wm. Geo. Granville Venables
Vernon Harcourt, Apr. 28.

1885. Sir Rd. Assheton Cross, g.c.b.,

again, June 24.

1886. Hugh Culling Eardley Childers.

Feb. 6.
Henry Matthews, Aug. 3.

UNDER SECRETARIES OF STATE FOR THE HOME
DEPARTMENT.

There are two under secretaries for this department, one parliamentary,
the other permanent.

Parliamentary Under Secretaries of State for the Home
Department.

From the year 1782, when the " Southern " was changed into the
" Home " Department.

1782.

1783.
1784.
1796.
1798.
1800.

1803.
1804.
1806.

1810.
1812.
1818.

Thos. Orde, and

Hy. Strachey.

Hon. G. North.

Hon. John Thos. Townshend, Feb. 10.

Chas. Greville.

Wm. Wickham.

Edwd. Finch Hatton.

Sir Geo. Shee, bt.

Reginald Pole Carew.

John Hy. Smyth.

Chas. Watkin Williams Wynn, Feb.

19.
Hon. Chas. Cecil Cope Jenkinson,

aft. E. of Liverpool, Oct. 10.
Hy. Goulburn, Feb. 27.
John Hiley Addington, Aug. 21.
Hy. Clive, Apr. 21.

1822. Geo. Robt. Dawson, Jan. 17.

1827. Spencer Perceval, Apr. 30.

Thos. Spring Rice, aft. Id. Mont-
eagle, July 16.

1828. Wm. Yates Peel, Apr. 5.
1830. Sir Geo. Clerk, bt., Aug. 5.

Hon. Geo. Lamb, Nov. 22.

1834. Hy., vise. Howick, aft. E. Grey,

Jan. 13.
Edwd. John Stanley, aft. Id. Eddis-

bury, and Id. Stanley of Alderly,

July 23.
Wm. Gregson, Jan. 3.

1835. Hon. Fox Maule, aft. Id. Panmure

and E. of Dalhousie, Apr. 18.
1841. Edwd. Adolphus, Id. Seymour,
June 15.

15 -

228

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1841.

1847.

1848.

1850.
1852.
1853.
1855.
1858.

1859.
1863.

1864.

Hon. John Hy. Thos. Manners Sut-
ton, Sept. 3.

Sir Wm. Marcus Somerville, bt.,
July 5.

Sir Denis Le ^Marchant, July 22.

Geo. Cornewall Lewis, aft. sir G.,
bt., May 15.

Hon. Edwd. Pleydell Bouverie, July 9.

Sir Wm. Goo. Hilton Jolliffe,bt., Feb.

Hon. Hy Fitzroy, Dec.

Wm. Natbl. ^lassey, Feb.

Gathorne Hardy, aft. vise. Cran-
brook, Feb.

Geo. Clive, June.

Hy. Austin Bruce, aft. Lord Aber-
dare.

Hon. Thos. Geo. Baring, aft. Id. and
E. of Northbrook.

1866. Saml. Richd. Lowry, E. of Belmore,

July.

1867. Sir Jas. Fcrgusson, bt.

1868. Sir Michael Hicks-Beach, bt., Feb.
Edwd. Hugessen Knatcbbull-Huges-

sen, aft. Id. Brabourne, Dec.
1871. Hy. Selfe Page Winterbotham.
1874. Sir Hy. Jno. Selwin-Ibbetson, bt.,

Feb.
1878. Sir Matthew White Ridley, bt.

1880. Leonard Hy. Courtney, May.

1881. Arch. Philip, E. of Rosebery.

1883. John Tomlinson Hibbert.

1884. H}'. Hartley Fowler.

1885. Chas. Beilby Stuait-Wortley, June.

1886. Hy. Broadhuist. Feb.

Chas. B. Stuart- Wortlcy, o^ani, Aug.

l^ilU. C IM^ '-J^^y^ iu'-" iu'^UC. '"^'i^.U.

Permanent Under Secretaries op Btat!e"f6r the Home
Department,

1782. Evan Ncpean, aft. sir E., bt.

1789. Scrope Bernard.

1792. John King.

1806. John Beckett, jun.. aft. sir J., bt.,

Feb. 19.

1817. Hy. Hobhouse, June 28.

1827. Saml. March Phillips, July 16.

1848. Horatio Waddington, May 15.

1867. Hon. Adolphus Freak Octavius

Liddell, aft. sir A., k.c.b. ; d.
June 27, 1S85.
1885. On Liddell 8 death, Sir Hy. J. S.
Maine, k.c. s.i.. was appointed,
but, being unable through ill-
health to perform the duties, he
retired in favour of Godfrey
Lushington, July.</^^t^'-^'^^

SECRETARIES OP STATE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS.

See Introduction, ante p. 221, and " Secretaries of State," ante p. 222
1782. Chas. Jas. Fox, Mar. 27 ; res. July

Thos. Townshend, aft. Id. and vise.
Sydney, July 13.
1783. Chas. Jas. Fox, again, Apr. 2.

Geo.,E. Temple, aft. M. of Buck-
ingham, Dec. 19.
Thos., Id., aft. vise. Sydnej', again,
Dec. 23 ; res. May 1791.
1791. Wm. Wyndham, lord Grenville,

June 8.
1801. Robt., Id. Hawkesbury, aft. E. of
Liverpool, Feb. 20.

1804. Dudley, Id., aft. E. of Harrowby,

May 14.

1805. Hy., Id., aft. E. of Mulgravo, Jan.

11.

1806. Chas. Jas. Fox, u(/ain, Feb. 7; d.

Sept. 13, 1806.
Chas., Id. Howick, aft. E. Grey,
Sept. 24.

1807. Geo. Canning, Mar. 25 : res. Sept.

1809.
1809. Hy., E. Bathurst, Oct. 11.

Richd., M. Wellesloy, Dec. 6.

1812. Robt. Hy., vise. Castlereagh, aft.

M. of Londonderry, Mar. 4 ; d.

Aug. 12, 1822.
1822. Geo. Canning, Sept. 16.

1827. John Wm., vise. Dudley and Ward,

Apr. 30.

1828. Geo., E. of Aberdeen, June 2.
1830. Hy. John, vise. Palmerston, Nov.

22.

1834. Arthur, D. of Wellington ; entrusted

with the three seals of sees, of st.,
Nov. 15 ; he retained the seal of
for. sec, Dec. 9. 1834.

1835. Hy. John, vise. Palmerston, again,

Apr. 18.
1841. Geo., E. of Aberdeen, again, Sept. 2.
1846. Hy. John, vise. Palmerston, again,

July 6.

1851. Granville Geo., E. Granville, Dec.

26.

1852. Jas. Howard, E. of Malmesbury,

Feb. 27.
Lord John Russell, aft. E. Russell,
Dec. 28.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

229

1853. Geo. Wm. Fredk.,E. of Clarendon,
K.G., Feb. 21.

1858. Jas. Howard, E. of Malmesbury,

again, Feb. 26.

1859. Lord John Russell, aft. E. Russell,

agam, June 18.

1865. Geo. Wm. Fredk.,E. of Clarendon,

again, Nov. 3.

1866. Hon. Edwd. Hy. Stanley, c.c. lord

Stanley ; aft. E. of Derby, July

6.
1868. Geo. Wm. Fredk., E. of Clarendon,

K.G. , again. Dee. 9.
1870. Granville Geo. , E. Granville, again,

July 6.

1874. Edwd. Hy., E. of Derby, again,

Feb. 21.
1878. Robt. Arthur Talbot, M. of Salisbury

Apr. 2.
1880. Granville, Geo., E. Granville, k.g.,

again, Apr. 28.

1885. Robt. Arthur Talbot, M. of Salis-
bury, K.G. , again, June 24 ; held
with the premiership.

1886. Archd. Philip, E. of Rosebery,
Feb. 6.

Stafford Hy., E. of Iddesleigh, g.c.b. ,
Aug. 3 ; d. Jan. 12, 1887.

1887. Robt. Arthur Talbot, M. of Salis-
bury, again, Jan. 14; held with
the premiership.

UNDER SECRETARIES OP STATE FOR FOREIGN
AFFAIRS.

See " Under Secretaries of State," ante p. 225.

There were at first two under secretaries for foreign affairs, both par-
liamentary ; but in 1790 one of the under secretaryships was made a
pei-manent appointment. In 1824 a third under secretary (parliamen-
tary) was appointed, but this was discontinued in 1827. An assistant
under secretary was appointed on Oct. 1, 1858, a legal assistant under
secretary on July 14, 1876, and on the promotion of this officer to the
permanent under secretaryship on Sept. 23, 1882, a second assistant
under secretary was appointed ; all these appointments being permanent.

Parliamentary Under Secretaries of State for Foreign
Affairs.

From the year 1782, when the " Northern " was changed into the
" Foreign " department.

1783.

Richd. Brinsley Sheridan.

Wm. Eraser.

Geo. Maddison, vice Sheridan.

St Andrew St. John, vice Maddison.

Wm. Fi-aser, sole sec.

1789. Jas. Bland Burgess, vice Fi-aser,
Aug. 22.
Hon. Dudley Ryder, aft. Id. and E.
of Harrowby, Aug. 24.

In 1790 George Aust was appointed Permanent Under Secretary, vice Ryder. See
"Permanent Under Secretaries," below.

Parliamentary Under Secretaries — continued.

1789.

1796.
1799.
1800.
1801.

1803.
1804.

1805.
1806.

Jas. Bland Burgess, above named,

Aug. 22.
Geo. Canning, Jan. 5.
John Hookham Frere, Apr. 1.
Edwd. Fisher, Sept. 25.
Fredk. , Id. Harvey, aft. E. and M.

of Bristol, Feb. 20.
Chas. Arbuthnot, Nov. 8.
Hon. Wm, Eliot, aft. E. of St.

Germans, June 5.
Robt. Ward, Feb. 25.
Hon. Geo. Walpole, Feb. 20.
Sir Eras. Vincent, bt.,Feb. 20.

1807. Jas. Edwd., vise. Fitz Harris, aft. E.
of Malmesbury, Mar. 30.
Hon. Chas. Bagot, Aug. 19.
1809. CulliniT Chas. Smith, Dec. 13.
1812. Edwd.'^ Cooke, Feb. 28.

1822. Richd. Chas. Eras., E. of Clan-

william, Jan. 22.

1823. Lord Fras. Nathaniel Conyngham,

aft. E. of Mount Charles and M.
Conyngham, Jan. 6.

1824. Chas. Aug., Id. Howard de Walden,

aft. Id. Seaford, app. third under
sec. July 5.

S30

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1826. Ulick John, M. of Clanricarde, Jan.

2, vice Convngham ; retired Aug.

17, 1827, 'and the third under

secretaryship was not filled up.
1828. Cospatrick Alexr., lord Dunglas,

June t).
1830. Sir Geo. Shee, bt. , Nov. 26.

1834. Geo., vise. Fordwich, Nov. 13.
Philip Hy. , vise. Mahon, Dec. 17.

1835. Hon. Wm. Thos. Homer Fox

Strangways, aft. E. of Ilchester,
Aug. 15.

1840. Granville Geo. Leveson, vise. Leve-

son, aft. E. Granville, Mar. 7.

1841. Chas. John, vise. Canning, aft. E.

Canning, Sept. 4.
1846. Hon. Geo. Aug. Fredk. Percy Sydney

Smvthe, aft. vise. Strangford,

Jan. 27.
Edwd. John Stanley, aft. Id. Eddis-

bury and Id. Stanley of Alderley,

July 6.
1852. Austen Hy. Layard, aft. sir A., Feb.

12.
Hon. Edwd. Hy. Stanley, c.c. Id.

Stanley ; aft. E. of Der^y, May 18^

Permanent Under Secretaries

1852. John, Id. Wodehouse, aft. E. of

Kimberley, Dec. 28.
1856. Hy. Petty, E. of Shelbume, aft. M.

of Lansdowne, July 5.

1858. Wm. R. SejTnour Vesev Fitzgerald,

aft. Sir W., Feb. 26.'

1859. John, Id. Wodehouse, aft. E. of

Kimberley, again, June 10.
1861. Austen Hy. Layard, aft. sir A.,

again, Aug. 15.
1866. Edwd. Christr. Egerton, July 6.
1868. Arthur John Otway, aft. sir A., Dec.

12.
1871. Geo. Hy. Chas., vise. Enfield, Jan.

9.
1874. Hon. Robt. Bourke, aft. Id. Conne-

mara, Feb. 23.
1880. Sir Chas. Wentworth Dilke, bt.,

Apr. 28.
1883. Lord Edmond Geo. Petty Fitz-

maurice, Jan. 1.

1885. Hon. Robt. Bourke, aft. Id. Conne-

mara, again, June 24.

1886. James B^yce, Feb.
Sir Jas. Fergusson, bt., G.C.S.I.,

W] ^..te;

1790. Geo. Aust, Feb. 20.

1795. Geo. Hammond, Oct. 16 : res. 1806,

1807. Geo. Hammond, re-app. JIar. 30.

1809. Wm. Richd. Hamilton, Oct. 16.

1817. Josh. Planta, July 25.

1827. John Backhouse, Apr. 23.

1842. Hy. Unwin Addington, :Mar. 4.

OF ' StATiT FOfi'To^EIGlf AFFAIRS.
Id. Ham-

1854. Edmd. Hammond, aft.
mond, Apr. 10.

1873. Chas. Stuart Aubrey, lord Tenter-
den, K.C.H., Oct. 10.

1882. Sir Julian Pauncefote, c.m.g., c.b.,
Sept. 23.

Assistant Permanent Under Secretaries of State for Foreign
Affairs.

From their first appointment in 1858.

Wi

Spring

1858. Jas. Murray, Oct. 1.

1869. Hon. Thos. Chas.

Rice.

1870. Odo W. L. Russell, c. c. Id. 0. Russell,

and aft. Id. Ampthill, Aug. 10.

1871. Chas. Stuart Aubrey, Id. Tenter-

den, Jan. 9 ; app. perm, under
sec., Oct. 10, 1873.

1873. Thos. Villiers Lister, aft. sir T.,

K.C.M.G., Oct. 10.

1876. Sir Julian Pauncefote, July 14,
legal assist, under sec. ; app.
perm, under sec, Sept. 23, 1882.

1882. Philip Hy. Wodehouse Corrie, C.B. ,

aft. sir P., K.c'.H.. second assist.

._ under sec., Oct. 24.sv*--.'--^^f '•'•''

SECRETARIES OF STATE FOR WAR AND
COLONIES.

From the establishment of the War Department in 1794.

See Introduction, ante p. 221, "Secretaries of State," ante p. 222, and

" Secretaries of State for the Colonies from 1708 to 1782," post j). 234.
1794. Hy. Duiulas, aft. vise. Molvillo, sec. I Home Oflice. was transferred in

for war, July 11. | 1801 to the War Department.

The business of the Colonies, I 180f. Robt., Id. Hobart, Mar. 17.

which was carried on at the | \%oi^ John, E., aft. M. Camden, May 12.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

231

1805. Robt., vise. Castlereagh, July 10.

1806. Wm. Windham, Feb. 14.

1807. Robt., vise. Castlereagh, a^fftin, Mar.

25.
1809. Robt., E. of Liverpool, late Id.

Hawkesbury, Oct. 11.
1812. Hy., E. Bathurst, June 11.
1827. Fredk. John, vise. Goderich, aft. E.

of Ripen, Apr. 30.

1827. Wm. Huskisson, Aug. 17.

1828. Sir Geo. Murray, May 30.

1830. Fredk. John, vise. Goderich, aft. E.

of Ripon, again, Nov. 22.
1833. Hon. Edwd. Geoffrey Smith Stanley,

c.c. Id. Stanley; aft. Id. Stanley

of Bickerstaffe and E. of Derby ;

Apr. 3.

1834. Thos. Spring Rice, aft. Id. Mont-

eagle, and
Geo. , E. of Aberdeen, June 5.

1835. Chas. Grant, aft. Id. Glenelg, Apr.

18.
1839. Constantino Hv., M. of Normanby,

Feb. 20.
Lord John Russell, aft. E. Russell,

Aug. 30.
1841. Hon. E. G. Stanley, c.c. Id. Stanley ;

aft. Id. Stanley of Bickerstaffe and

E. of Derby, ar/ain, Sept. 3.

1845. Wm. Ewart Gladstone, Dee. 23.

1846. Hy.,E. Grey, July 3.

1852. Sir John Somerset Pakington, bt.,
Feb. 27.
Hy.,D. of Newcastle, Dec. 28.

The secretaryship was divided 10th June, 1854. See " Secretaries of State for the War
Department," jijosi p. 232, and " Secretaries of State for the Colonies," /josf p. 234.

UNDER SECRETARIES OF STATE FOR WAR AND
COLONIES.

From the establishment of the War Department in 1794.

See Introduction, ante p. 221, "Under Secretaries of State," ante p.

225, and " Under Secretaries of State for the Colonies from

1768 to 1782," post p. 235.

War.

1794. Evan Nepean, aft. sir E., bt.

1795. Wm. Huskisson.

War and Colonies.
1801. John Sullivan.
1804. Edwd. Cooke.

1806. Sir Geo. Shee,bt.

Sir Jas. Coekburn, additional appt.

1807. Edwd. Cooke, vice Shee.

Hon. Chas. Wm. Stewart, vice
Coekburn.

1809. Hon. Fi-edk. John Robinson, vice

Stewart.
Hon. Cecil Jenkinson, vice Cooke.
Lt.-col. Hy. E. Bunbury, vice

Robinson.

1810. Robt. Peel, aft. sir R., bt., vice

Jenkinson.

1812. Hy. Goulburn, vice Peel.

1816. Lt.-col. Banbury's appointment was
this year set aside.

1821. Robt. Wilmot Horton, vice Goul-
burn.

1828. Hon. Edwd. Geoffrey Smith Stan-

ley, c.c. Id. Stanley; aft. Id. Stan-
ley of Bickerstaffe and E. of
Derby ; vice Horton.

Lord Fras. Leveson Gower, aft. Id.
Fras. Egerton, and E. of EUes-
mere. vice Stanley.

Horace Twiss, vice Gower.
1830. Hy., vise. Howick, aft. Earl Grey,
vice Twiss.

1833. John G. Shaw-Lefevre, aft. sir J.,

vice Howick.

1834. Sir Geo. Grey, bt., vice Shaw-

Lefevre.

1835. Wm. Ewart Gladstone, vice Grey.
Sir Geo. Grey, bt., again; vice

Gladstone.
1839. Hy. Labouchere, aft. Id. Taunton,

vice Grey.
Robt. Vernon Smith, aft. Id. Lyve-

den, vice Labouchere.
1841. Geo. Wm. Hope, vice Vernon

Smith, Sept. 8.
1846. Geo. Wm., Id. Lyttelton, vice

Hope, Jan. 8.
Benj. Hawes, vice Lyttelton, July 6..
1851. Fredk. Peel. aft. sir F.

232

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Permanent Under Secretaries of State for War and Colonies.

1825. Robt. Wm. Hay. I 1847. Herman Merivale.

1835. Jas. Stephen, aft. sir J. |

The under secretar3'8hip was divided 10th June, 1854. See "Under Secretaries of

State for the War Department," infra, and " Under Secretaries of State

for the Colonies," /jos^ p. 235.

SECRETARIES OF STATE FOR THE WAR DEPARTMENT.

See Introduction, ante p. 221, and " Secretaries of State for War and
Colonies," ante p. 230.

1854.
1855.

1858.
1859.

1861.
1863.

1866.

1866.
1867.

Hy., D. of Newcastle, June 12.
Fox, Id. Panmure, aft. E. of Dal-

housie, Feb. 8.
Jonathan Peel, Feb. 26.
Sidney Herbert, aft. Id. Herbert

of Lea, June 18.
SirGeo.Cornewall Lewis, bt., July 23.
Geo. Fredk. Saml., E. de Grey and

Ripon, Apr. 28.
Hon. Spencer Compton Cavendish,

c.c. M. of Hartington, Feb. 16.
Jonathan Peel, ayain. Julj' 6.
Sir John Somerset Pakington. bt..

Mar. 8.

1868. Edwd. Cardwell, aft. vise. Cardwell,

Dec. 9.
1874. Gathorne Hardy, aft. vise. Cran-

brook, Feb. 21.
1878. Col. Fredk. Arthur Stanley, aft.

Id. Stanley of Preston, Apr" 2.
1880. Hugh Culling Eardley Childers,

Apr. 28.
1882. Hon.SpencerComptonCavendish,c.c.

M. of Hartington, again, Dec. 16.

1885. Wm. Hy. Smith, June 24.

1886. Hy. Campbell-Bannerman, Feb. 6.
Wm. Hy. Smith, ar/ain, Aug. 3.

1887. Hon. Edwd. Stanhope, Jan. 14.

ifip' lietA^cUl^l!uii,'}y.«-)u:..iU^,^fjy^}..e,.'l^-^ii!

UNDER SECRETARIES OF STATE FOR THE WAR
DEPARTMENT.

There were originally two under secretai-ies for this department, one
parliamentary, the other permanent. In 1870, under the provisions of
33 & 34 Viet., cap. 17, a third under secretary was appointed, with the
title of " financial secretary of the war office." His office is parlia-
mentary.

Parliamentary Under Secretaries of State for the War
Department.

1855. Fredk. Peel, aft. sir F.

1857. Sir John Wm. Ramsden, bt.

1858. Lord Hardingc.

1859. Geo. Fredk. Sam!., Earl de Grey

and Ripon.

1863. Hon. Spencer Compton Cavendish,
c.c. M. of Hartington.

18C6. Wm. Lygon, E. of Longford.

1868. ThoB. Geo., Id., aft. E. of North-
brook, Dec.

1872. Hy. Chas. Keith, M. of Lansdowne.

Mar. or Apr.
1874. Geo. Robt. Chas., E. of Pembroke,

Feb.
1876. Geo. Hy., E. of Cadogan.
1878. Wm. Coutts, vise. Bury.
1880. Albert Edmd., E. of Morley, Apr.

1885. Wm. Coutts, vise. Burv, again,

Juno 24.

1886. Wm., Id. Sandhurst, Fob.
Geo. Robt. Canning, Id. Harris, Aug.

yt,!

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Financial Secretabies of the War Office.
Appointed under 33 & 34 Vict., cap. 17.

1880. Hy. Gampbell-Baunerman, again,

Apr.
1882. Sir Arthur Divett Hayter, bt.

1885. Hon. Hy. Stafford Northcote, aft.
sir H.. bt., June.

1886. Herbert John Gladstone, Feb.
Wm. St. John Fremantle Brodrick,

If'^i' )^M Pr^{£. ij:uVJ:^J~^i.
Permanent Under Secretaries of State for the War
Department.

1870. Hon. John Cranch Walker Vivian;

app. perm. und. sec. Aug 29,
1671.

1871. Hy. Campbell, aft. Hy. Campbell-

Bannerman.
1874. Col. Fredk. Arthur Stanley, aft.

Id. Stanley of Preston, Feb.
1877. Lt.-col. Kobt. Jas. Loyd Lindsay.

.1855. Col. G. C. Mundy.
1857. Sir Benj. Hawes, K.c.B.,late dep.
sec. at war.

1861. Sir Edwd. Lugard, k.c.b.

1871. Hon. John Cranch Walker Vivian.

1878. Ralph Wood Thompson, aft. sir R.

SECRETARIES AT WAR.

See Introduction, ante p. 221.

King Charles I.
1644:. Edwd. Walker was sec. at war this
year. — Harleian Catalogue, No.
6802.

Commonwealth.
Wm. Clarke, aft. sir W. He was some-
times called "Clerk to theGeneral"
(Monk), sometimes ■' Secretary
to the Forces " ; but the title of
the office was, probably, " Secre-
tary to the Council of War." —
Council Book during the Interreg-
num. State Paper Office.

King Charles II.
1661. Sir Wm. Clarke, contd., Ja.Q. 28.
1666. Matthew Locke. June 5.
1683. Wm. Blathwayte, Aug. 18.

King James II.
1685. Wm. Blathwayte, contd.

King William III.
1692. Geo. Clarke, Mar. 3.

Queen Anne.
1704. Hy. St. John, aft. Id. and vise. St.

John, and vise. Bolingbroke, Apr.

20.
1708. Robt. Walpole, aft. sir R. and E. of

Orford. Feb. 25.
1710. Geo. Granville, aft. Id. Lansdowne,

of Bideford, Sept. 28.

1712. Sir Wm. Wyndham, bt., June 28.

1713. Fras. Gwyn, Aug. 21.

King George I.

1714. Wm. Pulteney, aft. E. of Bath,

Sept. 25.

1717. Jas. Craggs, jun., Apr. 18.

1718. Christr. Wandesford, vise. Castle-

comer. Mar. 14.
Robt. Pringle, May 18.
Geo. Treby, Dec. 24.
1720 \ It is stated in Tindal, ii., 631,
& i that Mr. Trevor was sec. at war
1721. ) in these years.
1724. Hon. Hy. Pelham, Apr. 1.

King George II.
1730. Sir Wm. Strickland, bt., June 11.
1735. Sir Wm. Yonge, bt., May 9.
1741. Thos. Winnington, Apr. 27.— Kears-

ley's Annals.
This name does not appear in the

authorised lists ; nor can it be

traced at the Rolls' office.
1746. Hy. Fox, aft. Id. Holland, July 23.
1755. Wm. Wildman, vise. Barrington,

Nov. 14.

King George III.

1761. Chas. Townshend, Mar. 18.

1762. Welbore Ellis, aft. Id. Mendip, Dec.

17.
1765. Wm. Wildman, vise. Barrington,
again, July 19.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1778.

1782.

1782.
1783.

1794.
1801.
1803.
1804.
1806.

1807.

1820.
1828.

1830.

Chas. Jcnkinson, aft. Id. Hawkes-

bury and E. of Liverpool, Dec. 16.
Thos. Townshend, aft. vise. Sydney,

Mar. 27.
Sir Geo. Yon^e, bt., July 11.
Col. hon. Richd. Fitzpatrick, Apr.ll.
Sir Geo. Yonge, bt., af/ain, Dec. 24.
Wm. Windham, July il.
Chas. Yorke, Feb. 20.
Chas. Bragge (Bathurst), Aug. 17.
Wm. Dundas, May 15.
Gen. hon. Richd. Fitzpatrick, again,

Feb. 7.
Lt.-gen. sir Jas. Murray Pulteney,

bt., Mar. 30.
Lord Granville Leveson Gower, aft.

E. Granville, June 27.
Hy. John, vise. Palmerston, Oct. 27.

King Geoege IV.
Vise. Palmerston, contd.
Sir Hy. Hardinge, aft. vise. Har-
dinge. May 31.

King W'illiam IV.

Lord Fras. Leveson Gower, aft. Id.
Eras. Egerton and E. of EUes-
mere. July 30.

1830. Chas. Watkin Williams Wynn, Nov.

30.

1831. Sir Hy. Brooke Parnell, bt., aft.

Id. Congleton, Apr. 4.

1832. Sir John Cam Hobhouse.bt., Feb. 1.

1833. Edwd. Ellice. Apr. 4.

1834. John Chas. Herries, Dec. 16.

1835. Hy., vise. Hoveick, aft. E. Grey,

Apr. 20.

Queen Victoria.
1837. Vise. Howick, contd.
1839. Thos. Babington Macaulay, aft. lord

Macaulay, Sept. 20.
1841. Sir H. Hardinge, aft. vise. Hardinge,

ar/ain, Sept. 4.

1844. Sir ■ Thos. Fras. Fremantle, bt.,
May 17.

1845. Hon. Sidney Herbert, aft. Id. Her-
bert of Lea, Feb. 4.

1846. Hon. Fox Maule, aft. Id. Panmure
and E. of Dalhousie, July G.

1852. Robt. Vernon Smith, aft. Id. Lyve-
den, Feb. 6.
Wm. Beresford, Feb. 28.
Sidney Herbert, aft. Id. Herbert of
Lea, again, Dec. 30.

Office held by Secretary of State for War from 1854 until 1803, when it was abolished
by 26 & 27 Vict., cap. 12.

Deputy Secketakies at War.

1797. Matt. Lewis (dep. sec. in this year).
1803. Fras. Nison, aft. sir F.
1810. Wm. Merry.

1820. Lawrence Sulivan.

1851. Benjn. Hawes, aft. sirB. ; mad© per-
manent und. sec. war, 1857. Vide
that title, supra.

SECRETARIES OF STATE FOR THE COLONIES.

See Introduction, ante \>. 221.

I. From 1768 to 1782.

1768. Wm. E. of Hillsborough, aft. M. of I 1770. Lord Geo. Sackville Germaine, aft.

Downshiro, Feb. 27. vise. Sackville. Jan. 25.

1772. Wm., E. of Dartmouth, Aug. 27. 1782. Welbore Ellis, aft. Id. Mendip,

I Mar. 8.

The office was abolished in 1782, and the duties transferred to the Home Secretary
until 1794, when the Secretary of State for War was appointed, and the duties trans-
ferred to him. See " Secretaries of State for War and Colonies," ante p. 230.

II. From 1854 to the present time.

1854. Sir Geo. Grey, bt , June 2.

1855, Hon. Sidney Herbert, aft. Id. Her-

bert of Lea, Fob.

1855. Lord John Russell, aft. E. Russell,
May 1.
Sir Wm. Molosworth, bt., July 21.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

235

1855. Hy. Labouchere, aft. Id. Taunton,
Nov. 21.

1858. Hon. Edwd. Hy. Stanley, c.c. Id.

Stanley, aft. E. of Derby, Feb. 26.

Sir Edwd. Geo. Earle Lytton Bulwer

Lytton, bt.,aft. Id. Lytton,May31.

1859. Hy. Pelham, D. of Newcastle, June

18.
1864. Edwd. Cardwell, aft. vise. Cardwell,
Apr. 4.

1866. Hy. Howard Molyneux, E. of Car-

narvon, July 6.

1867. Richd. Plant. Campbell Temple

Nugent Brydges Chandos, D. of
Buckingham and Chandos, May 8.

1868. Granville Geo., E. Granville, Dec.

9.

1870.
1874.

1878.

1880.

1882.

1885.

1886.

1887.

John, E. of Kimberley, July 6.

Hy. Howard Molyneux, E. of Car-
narvon, again, Feb. 21.

Sir Michael Edwd. Hicks-Beach, bt.,
sw. Feb. 4.

John, E. of Kimberley, again, Apr.
28.

Edwd. Hy., E. of Derby, again,I>6c.
16.

Fredk. Arth. Stanley, aft. Id. Stan-
ley of Preston, June 24.

Granville Geo., E. Granville, k.g.,
again, Feb. 6.

Hon. Edwd. Stanhope, Aug. 3.

Sir Hy. Thurstan Holland, bt.,
G.c.M.G. , Jan. 14, sw. ; or. Id.
Knutsford, Feb. 27, 1888, G.

UNDER SECRETARIES OE STATE FOR THE COLONIES.

See Introduction, ante p. 221, and see note to " Secretaries of State for
the Colonies," ante p. 234.

I. From 1768 to 1782.

1768. Richd. Philips.
John Pownall.
1772. Wm. Knox, vice Philips.

1776. Christian D'Oyly, vice Pownall.
1778. Thos. De Grey, junr. , vice D'Oyly.
1780. Benjn. Thompson, vice De Grey.

II. FeOM 1854 TO THK PRESENT TIME.

There are now two under secretaries of state for the colonies, one
parliamentary, the other permanent. There are also two permanent
assistant under secretaries.

Parliamentary Under Secretaries oe State for the Colonies.

Jas. Lowther, Feb.

Geo. Hy., E. Cadogan, Feb.

Mountstewart Elphinstone Grant-
Duff, aft. sir M., Apr.

Leonard Hy. Courtney.

Hon. Anthy. Evelyn M. Ashley.

Wyndham Thos., E. of Dunraven,
June.

Geo. Osborne Morgan, Feb.

W. T., E. of Dunraven. again, Aug.

Wm. Hillier, E. of Onslow, Feb.
17.

Baron Hy. de Worms.

Slff-KS^ Cni^.. SitA/Ju

Permanent Under Secretaries op State for the Colonies.

1825. Robt. Wm. Hay, war and colo- till June 1854. and then colonies,

nies. I May 1848.

1835. Jas. Stephen, aft. sir J., war and 1859. Sir Fred. Rogers, aft. Id. Blachford.

colonies, 1836. I 1871. Robt. Geo. Wyndham Herbert, aft.

1847. Herman Merivale, war and colonies! sir R.,v^' "5 ,,

1854.

Fredk. Peel, aft. sir F.

1874

1855.

John Ball, Feb.

1878.

1857.

Chichester Saml. Fortescue, aft. Id.
Carlingford.

1880.

1858.

Hy. Howard Molyneux, E. of Car-

1881.

narvon, Feb.

1882.

1859.

C. S. Fortescue, aft. lord Carling-
ford, again, June.

1885.

1865.

Wm. Edwd. Foster, Nov.

1886.

1866.

Chas. Bowyer Adderley, aft. sir C,

bt. , and Id. Norton, July.

1887.

1868.

Wm. Monsell, aft. Id. Emly. Feb.

1871.

Edwd. Hugessen KnatchbuU-Huges-

1888.

sen, aft. Id. Brabourne, Jan.

/<J^;,

236

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Permanent Assistant Under Secretaries of State for the
Colonies.

1849. T. Fredk. Elliot, aft. sir T.; war and

colonies till June 1854, and then

colonics.
1868. Sir Eras. R. Sandford.
1870. Robt. Geo. Wyndham Herbert, aft.

sir R.; app. perm. und. see. 1871.
Hj'. Thurstan Holland, aft. sir H.,

bt., and \d.Kn-atsioTd,addtnl.appt.

1871. Hon. Robt. Hy. Meade, vice Rer-

1874. W. R. :Nralcolm, vice Holland.

Sir Julian Pauncefote, additional

uppt., making three assist und.

sees.
1876. John Bramston, vice Pauncefote.
1878. Edwd. Wingfield, vice Malcolm.

1858.

1866.

SECRETARIES OF STATE FOR INDIA.

Appointed after the passing of 21 & 22 Vict. cap. 106.
See Introduction, ante, p. 221.

Hon. Edwd. Hy. Stanley, c.c. lord
Stanley, aft. E. of Derby, Sept.
2.

Sir Chas. Wood, bt. , aft. vise. Hali-
fax, June 18.

Geo. Fredk. Saml., E. de Grey and
Ripon, Feb. 16.

Robt. Arth. Talbot Cecil, c.c. vise.
Cranborne, aft. M. of Salisbury,
July 6.

Sir Stafford Hy. Northcote, bt., aft.
E. of Iddesleigh, Mar. 8.

Geo. Douglas, D. of Argyll, Dec.
9.

1874. Robt. Arth. Talbot, M. of Salisbury,

again, Feb. 21.
Gathorne Hardy, aft. vise. Cran-

brook, Apr. 2.
Hon. Spencer Compton Cavendish,

c.c. M. of Hartington, Apr. 28.
John, E. of Kimberley, Dec. 16.
Randolph Hy. Spencer Churchill,

c.c. Id. Randolph Churchill, June

24.
John, E. of Kimberley, again, Feb.

1878.
1880.

1882,
1885,

1886.

Sir Richd. Assheton Cross, G.C.B.,
aft. vise. Cross, Aug. 3.

UNDER SECRETARIES OF STATE FOR INDIA.

There are two under secretaries for this department, one parliamentary,
the other permanent.

Parliamentary Under Secretaries of State for India.

1858.
1859.

1867.
1869.

1858.
1860.

Hy. Jas. Baillio.

Hon. Tho8. Geo. Baring, aft. Id. and
E. of North brook.

Fredk. Temple, Id., aft. E. Dufferin.

Sir .Jas. Forgusson, bt

Chas. Hy. Rolle. Id. Clinton.

Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant-
Duff, aft. sir M.

Hon. Geo. Fras. Hamilton, c.c. Id.
Geo. lli'milton, Feb.

1878. Hon. Edwd. Stanhope.

1880. Geo. Hy. Chas., vise. Enfield, aft.

E. Strafford, May.
1883. John Kynaston Cross.

1885. Geo. Robt. Canning, Id. Harris,June.

1886. Sir Ughtrod James Kay-Shuttle-

worth, Feb.
Edwd. Stafford Howard, Apr.
Sir John Eldon Gorst, Aug.

iP^ji,

Per.manent Under Secretaries op State for India.

Sir Geo. R. Clerk, k.c.b. I 1874. Sir Louis Mallet, c.b.

Herman Merivalo. | 1883. John Arth. Godley, c.ii,.\^'>V"'*^ '*'•''

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

237

SECRETARIES OF STATE FOR SCOTLAND

from 1708 to 1746, and
SECRETARIES FOR SCOTLAND.

appointed under 48 & 49 Vict. cap. 61. See Part IX, " Scotland," 'post.

POSTMASTERS-GENERAL.

" It does not appear at what precise pei'iod the crown undertook to be
the regular carrier of letters for its subjects. The crown, doubtless,
at a very eai'ly period, found it necessary to the exercise of the func-
tions of sovereignty, to be able to convey with speed and security its
own despatches from one part of the realm to another, and for that
purpose it appointed certain messengers or runners called the ' Posts.'
These posts were also employed for the personal convenience of the
sovereign and the individuals composing the royal court. In course of
time a ■• Master of the Posts ' was appointed, and the first of these on
record was Brian Tuke, esq., afterwards sir Brian Tuke, knt., who held
that office in 1516. The joint successors of sir Brian Tuke were sir
William Paget, one of Henry VIII.'s chief secretaries of state, and John
Mason, esq., secretary for the French tongue. The letters patent, dated
Nov. 12, 1545, conveying to them this office, grant to them during their
lives and the live of the survivor, the office of 'Master of the Mes-
sengers, Runners, or Posts,' as well within the kingdom of England as
parts beyond the seas, with the wages or fee of £,QQ 13s. 4d. a year, to
be held by themselves or their sufficient deputy or deputies. But,
besides his fee, the ' Master of the Posts ' received from the crown the
amount of his expenses lor conveying the letters, of which he rendei'ed
an account. There is a succession of patents granting the same office,
at the same fee, to other parties for life, in the reigns of Elizabeth,
James I., and Charles I." — House of Commons' Report, July 2, 1844.

Down to 1823 this office was generally held by two joint postmasters
of equal rank and authority, but from that time only one postmaster has
been appointed. The office is now a political one, the holder resigning
with the ministry of which he is a member.

Postmasters-General.

From the earliest official accounts to the present time. The earlier
names are taken from a return made to the House of Commons, dated
March 25, 1844.

King Charles II.
1687 to Philip Frowde, acting for the D.
1688. of York.

King William III.
1690 to Sir Robt. Cotton, and
1708. Thos. Frankland.

238

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Queen Annb.
1708 to Sir Thos. Frankland, and
1716. Sir John Evelyn, bt.

King Geokge I.
1715 to Chas., Id. Cornwallis, and

1720. Jas. Craggs.
1720 to Edwd. Carteret, and

1725. Galfridus Walpole.
1725 to Edwd. Carteret, and

1732. Edwd. Harrison.

King George II.
1732. Edwd. Carteret, o/one, from Christ-
mas 1732 to midsummer 1783.
1733 to Edwd. Carteret, and
1739. Thos., Id. Lovel, aft. vise. Coke
and E. of Leicester.
1739 to Sir John Eyles, bt. , and

1744. Thos., Id. Lovel, aft. vise. Coke

and E. of Leicester.

1744 to Thos., now E. of Leicester,

1745. alone.

1745 to Thos., E. of Leicester, and
1758. Sir Everard Fawkener.

1758 to Thos., E. of Leicester, from Nov.

1769. 1758 to Apr. 1759.
1769. Wm., E. of Besborough, and
Hon. Robt. Hampden, Jvme 2.

King George III.

1762. John, E. of Egmont, and
Hon. Robt. Hampden, Nov. 27.

1763. Thos., Id. Hyde, and

Hon. Robt. Hampden, Sept. 23.

1765. Wm., E. of Besboi-ough, and
Thos., Id. Grantham, July 19.

1766. Wills, E. of Hillsborough, and
Fras., Id. Le Despencer, Dec. 29.

1768. John, E. of Sandwich, and

Fras., Id. Le Despencer, Apr. 26.

1771. Fras., Id. Le Despencer, and
Hy. Fredk. Carteret, Jan. 16.

1781. Hy. Fredk. Carteret, a/one. Dec. 11.

1782. Wm., vise. Barrington, and
Hy. Fredk. Carteret, Jan. 24.
Chas., E. of Tankerville, and
Hy. Fredk. Carteret, Apr. 25.

1783. Thos., Id. Foley, and

Hy. Fredk. Carteret, May 1.

1784. Chas., E. of Tankerville, and

Hy. Fredk. Carteret, Jan. 7 ; cr. Id.
Carteret, Jan. 29, 1784.

1786. Thos., E. of Clarendon, and

Hy. Fredk. , Id. Carteret, Sept. 19.
Hy. Fredk., Id. Carteret, a/one,
Dec. 10 to July 0, 1787.

1787. Hy. Fredk., Id. Carteret, and
Thos., Id. Walsingham, July C.

1789. Thos., Id. Walsingham, and

John, E. of Westmoreland, Sept. 19.

1790. Thos., Id. Walsingham, and
Philip, E. of Cbestcrlield, Mar. 13.

1794. Philip, E. of Chesterfield, and
Geo., E. of Leicester, July 28.

1798. Geo., E. of Leicester, and
Wm., Id. Auckland, Mar. 1.

1799. Wm.,ld. Auckland, and
Geo., Id. Gower, Feb. 27.

1801. Wm., Id. Auckland, and

Lord Chas. Spencer, Mar. 31.

1804. Lord Chas. Spencer, and

Jas., D. of Montrose, July 19.

1806. Robt.,E. of Buckinghamshire, and
John Joshua, E. of Carvsfort, Feb.

20.

1807. John, E. of Sandwich, and
Thos., E. of Chichester, May 5.

1814. Tho8.,E. of Chichester, a/o;ie,Jime 6.
Thos., E. of Chichester, and
Richd., E. of Glancarty, Sept. 30.

1816. Tho8.,E. of Chichester, and

Jas., M. of Salisburv, Apr. G. M.
of Salisbury d. June 13, 1823.

King George IV.

Appointed by Letters Patent dated as
under.
1823. Thos., E. of Chichester, alone, Nov.
27 ; d. July 4, 1826.

1826. Lord Fredk. Montague, Aug. 18;

res. Sept. 17, 1827.

1827. Wm., D. of Manchester, Sept. 27.

King William IV.

1830. Chas., D. of Richmond, Dec. 14.

1831. Chas., D. of Richmond, Apr. 14, as

postm.-gen. of Great Britain and
Ireland, conformably with th©
]irovisions of 1 Will. IV., cap. 8
(March 11, 1831), whereby the
two separate offices of postm.-
gen. of Great Britain and postm.-
gen. of Ireland were united into
one, to possess the same powers,
and to be subject to the same
penalties, as the former two ; and
the appointments of sees, and other
officers of the Post-Office at
Dublin were thereafter vested in
the postm.-gen.

1834. Fras. Nathaniel, M. Conyngham,

July 5.
Wm., Id. Maryborough, Dec. 31 ;
sw. Jan. 1, 1836.

1835. Fras. Nathaniel, M. Conyngham,

ar/ain. May 8 ; sw. May 9.
Thos. Wm., E. of Lichfield, May 30;
sw. Juno 1.

Queen Victoria.
1837. Thos. Wm., E. of LichBold, contd.
1841. Wm., vise. Lowther, Sept. 15; sw.

same day.
1846. Edwd. Granville, E. of St. Germans,
.Ian. 2; sw. Jan. 3.
Uliek John, M. of Clanricarde,
July 14.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

239

1852. Chas. Philip, E. of Hardwicke,

Mar. 1, G.

1853. Chas. John, vise. Canning, Jan. 5, G.

1865. Geo. Douglas, D. of Argyle, Dec.

1858. Chas., Id. Colchester, Feb.

1859. Jas., E. of Elgin, June.

1860. Edwd. Jno., Id. Stanley of Alder-

ley, Aug. 17, G.

1866. Jae., D. of Montrose, July.

1868. Hon. Spencer Compton Cavendish,
c.c. M. of Hartington, Dec. 9, sw.
1871. Wm. Monsell, Jan. 9, G.

1873.

1874.

1880.

1884.
1885.

1886.

,•.7/.

Hon. Lyon Playf air, c.b., Nov. 18, G.
John Jas. Robt. Manners, c.c. Id.

John Manners, aft. D. of Rutland,

Feb. 21, sw.
Hy. Fawcett, May 3, sw.
Geo. John Shaw-Lefevre, Nov. 18.
Sir John Jas. Robt. Manners, G.C.B.,

c.c. Id. John Manners, aft. D. of

Rutland, again, June 24, sw.
Geo. Grenfell, Id. Wolverton, Feb.

17, sw.
Hy. Cecil Raikes, Aug. 9, sw.

SECRETARIES TO THE GENERAL POST OFFICE.

There is no complete record in the department of the General Post office of the per-
sons by whom the office of secretary was held previously to the year 1762, when
Anthony Tod., esq., was appointed.

1720. The name of Jas. Craggs appears
on the records of the Post-office
as sec. in this year.

1723. In this year, Jos. Godman is found
to be tilling the office of sec.

1738. John David Barbutt, app. sec, vice
T. Robinson, deed. Sept. 17.

1742. Geo. Shelvocke, vice Barbutt, re-
moved July 22.

1762. Anthy. Tod, app. (in whose room is
not stated), Dec. 1.

1797. Fras. Freeling (who had acted for
a short time previously as joint
sec), vice Tod, deed. ; cr. a bt.
Mar. 11, 1828.

1836. Lt.-Col. Wm. Leader Maberly, Sept.
29.

1854. Rowland Hill, aft. sir R., k.c.b.

1864. John Tilley, Mar.

1880. Stevenson Arthur Blackwood, aft.
sir S., K.C.B.

Second Seceetaey to the General Post Office.
1869 to 1875. Frank Ives Scudamore.

Financial Secretaries to the General Post Office.

1875. Stevenson Arthur Blackwood, aft. I 1880. Algernon Turnlfr. c '

sir S., K.C.B. '

LORD HIGH CHANCELLORS,
LORD KEEPERS,

AND

COMMISSIONERS OF THE GREAT SEAL.
Vide Part VI., " Legal," jjosL

240

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

LORDS PRIVY SEAL

COMMISSIONERS FOR EXECUTING THAT OFFICE.

This office is now a political oue, the holder retiring with the ministry.

King Heney VIII.
* * Richd. Fox. bp. of Winchester.
1516. Thos. Routhall, bp. of Durham.

Hy., Id. Marney.
1523. Cuthbert Tunstal, bp. of London.
1533. Wm., E. of Southampton.

Thos., E. of Wiltshire and Ormond.
1536. Thos., Id. Cromwell, aft. E. of

Essex ; beheaded in 1540.
1543. John, Id. Russell, aft. E. of Bed-
ford.

KiKG Edward VI.
1547. Lord Russell, contd.

Queen Mart.

1553. Lord Russell, contd.

1554. Edwd., E. of Derby.
1556. Wm. , Id. Paget.

Queen Elizabeth.
1558. Sir Nicholas Bacon.
1572. Wm., Id. Howard of Effingham.
Jas. Windebank.

King James I.
1608. Hy., E. of Northampton.
1614. Edwd., E. of Worcester.

King Charles I.
1625. E. of Worcester, contd.
1627. Hy., E. of Manchester.

King Charles II.

1660. Wm., vise. Saye and Sele.

1G61. John, Id. Robartes, aft. E. of Rad-
nor.

1669. Sir Edwd. Deering, bt., sir Thos.
Strickland, and Robt. Milward,
commrs. during lord Robartes'
absence in Ireland as Id. liout. ,
Sept. 22.

1673. Arthur, E. of Anglesey, Apr. 24.

1682. Geo., M. of Halifax, Feb. 24.

King James II.

1685. Hy., E. of Clarendon, Feb. 18.
Robt., vise. Tiviot, Robt. Phillips,

and John Evelyn, commrs. during
the earl's absence in Ireland as
Id. lieut.

1686. Hy., Id. Arundel of Wardour,

Mar. 11.

King William III.

1689. Geo., M. of Halifax, Feb. 19.

1690. Wm. Cheney, sir John Knatchbull,

bt., and sir Wm. Pulteney,
commrs.

1691. Thos., E. of Pembroke.

1697. Sir Thos. Montpesson, sir Chas.
Cotterel, jun., and Jas. Tyrrell,
commrs. during the earl's absence
in Ireland as Id. lieut., Apr. 13.

1699. John, vise. Lonsdale, May 16.

1700. Ford, E. of TankerviUe.

1701. Edwd. Southwell, Christr.Musgrave,

and Jas. Vernon, commrs. June 11.

QoEEN Anne.

1702. John, M. of Normanby, aft. D. of

Normanby and Buckinghamshire,
Apr. 27.

1705. John, D. of Newcastle, Mar. 31.

1711. John Robinson, bp. of Bristol, aft.
bp. of London. Apr. 23.
Sir Geo. Beaumont, bt., Robt.
Byerly, and Ed^vd. Nicholas,
commrs. during the bishop's ab-
sence at the treaty of Utrecht,
Dec. 22.

1713. Wm., E. of Dartmouth.

King George I.

1714. Thos., M. of Wharton. Sept. 24; d.

Apr. 12, 1715.

1715. Edwd. Southwell, sir Christr. Mus-

grave, bt., and Andrew Charleton,
commrs., Apr. 30.
Chas. , E. of Sunderland, Aug. 20.

1716. Edwd. Southwell, Jas. Vernon, and

AndrewCharleton, commrs. during

the earl's absence at Aix-la-

Chapelle, Aug. 28.
Evelj'n, D. of Kingston, Dec. 19.
1718. Hy., D. of Kent, Feb. 6.
1720. Evelyn, D. of Kingston, again,

Juno 11.

1726. Thos., Id. Trevor, Mar 11.

King George II.

1727. Lord Trevor, contd.

1730. Spencer, E. of Wilmington, May 8.

1731. Wm., D. of Devonshire, June 12.
1733. Hy., vise. Lonsdale, Jlay 5.
1735. Francis, E. of Godolphin, Maj'.
1740. John, Id. llervey, oldest son of the

E. of Bristol, Apr. 7.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1742. John, Id. Gower, July 13.

1743. Geo., E. of Cholmondeley, Dec.

1744. John, Id. Gower, again, Dec. 21.
1755. Ghas., D. of Marlborough. Jan. S.

Granville, E. Gower, Dec. 22.
1757. Kichd.,E. Temple, June 30.

King George III.

1760. Earl Temple, contd.

1761. John. D. of Bedford, Nov. 25.
1763. Geo., D. of Marlborough, Apr. 22.

1765. Thos. Pelham Holies, D. of New-

castle, Aug. 25.

1766. Wm., E. of Chatham, July 30.
1768. Richd. Sutton, Wm. Blair,' and Wm.

Eraser, commrs. for six weeks, or
other sooner determination, Feb.

The seal re-delivered to the E. of
Chatham, Mar. 21.

Geo. Wm.. E. of Bristol, Nov. 2.

1770. Geo., E. of Halifax, Feb. 26.

1771. Hy., E. of Suffolk and Berkshire,

Jan. 22.
Aug. Hy., D. of Grafton. June 12.
1775. Wm. , E. of Dartmouth, Nov. 4.

1782. Aug. Hv., D. of Grafton, again,

Mar. 27.

1783. Fredk., E. of Carlisle, Apr. 2.
Chas., D. of Rutland, Dec. 23.

1784. Wm. Fraser, Stephen Cotterell, and

Evan Nepean, commrs. , Mar. 8.
Granville Leveson, E. Gower, aft. M.
of Stafford. Nov. 27.
1794. Geo. John. E. Spencer. July 16.

Evan Nepean, Stephen Cotterell, and

Jas. Bland Burgess,commrs. during

the absence of E. Spencer. July 26.

John, E. of Chatham, Dec. 17.

1798. John. E. of Westmoreland, Feb. 14.

1806. Hy., vise. Sidmouth, Feb. 5.
Hy. Richd., Id. Holland, Oct. 15.

1807. John, E. of Westmoreland, again.

Mar. 25.

King George IV.
1820. E. of Westmoreland, contd.

1827. Wm. Hy., D. of Portland, Apr. 30.
Geo., E. of Carlisle, July 16.

1828. Edwd.. Id. Ellenborough, Jan. 26.

1829. Jas.,E. of Rosslyn, June 10.

King William IX.

1830. E. of Rosslyn, contd.

John. Id., aft.E.of Durham,Nov. 22.

1833. Fredk. John, E. of Ripon, Apr. 3.

1834. Geo., E. of Carlisle, again, June 5.
Constantine Hy., E. of Mulgrave,

aft. M. of Normanby, July 30,
Jas. Archibald, Id. Wharncliffe,
Dec. 15.

1835. John Wm., vise. Duncannon, aft. E.

of Bessborough, Apr. 23.

Queen Victoria.

1840. Geo. W^m. Fredk., E. of Clarendon,

Jan. 15.

1841. Richd., D. of Buckingham, Sept. 8.

1842. Walter, D. of Buccleuch, Feb. 2.
1846. Thos., E. of Haddington, Jan. 21.

Gilbert, E. of Minto, July 6.

1852. Jas. Brownlow Wm., M. of Salis-

bury, Feb. 27.

1853. Geo. Douglas, D. of Argyll, Jan. 4.
1855. Dudley, E. of Harrowby, Dec. 7.

1858. Ulick Jno. . M. of Clanricarde, Feb. 3.
Chas. Philip, E. of Hardwicke, Feb.

26.

1859. Geo. Douglas, D. of Argyll, again,

June 18.

1866. Jas. Howard, E. of Malmesbury,
July 6.

1868. Jno., E. of Kimberley, Dec. 9.

1870. Chas.. vise. Halifax, July 6.

1874. Jas. Howard, E. of Mahnesbury,
G.C.B., again, Feb. 21.

1876. Benj. Disraeli, Aug. 12. Also first
Id. treasy. and premier.

1878. Algernon Geo., D. of Northumber-
land, Feb. 4.

1880. Geo. Douglas, D. of Argyll, k.t.,

again, Apr. 28.

1881. Chichester Saml., Id. Carlingford,

May 2.

1885. Arch. Philip, E. of Rosebery, Mar. 5.
Dudley Eras. Stuart, E. of Har-

rowby, June 24.

1886. Wm. Ewart Gladstone, Feb. 17.

Also first Id. treasy. and premier.
Geo. Hy., E. Cadogan, Aug. 3.

1^1- S.rth.iJ tUAeU (^^,^ (',;^/-'/<,j^,,;.f.»,f err, 6 Mv

CHANCELLORS OF THE DUCHY OF LANCASTER.

The Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster formerly sat as judge of the
Duchy court of Lancaster, held at Westminster, in which causes relating
to the revenue of the Duchy of Lancaster were tried. Another branch
of the same court was established at Preston, in Lancashire, called the
court of the county palatine of Lancaster.

The office of Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster is now, practi-

16

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

cally, a sinecure. It is held by a member of the ministry, who resigns
with his party.

Chancellors of the Duchy of Lancaster.
From the creation of the Dukedom.

King Edward III.
1360-1. Sir Hy. de Haydok, chanc. of

Henry, 1st D. of Lancaster.
1372-3. Ralph de Ergham, bp. of Salisbury.
1377. Thos. de Thelwall, Apr. IG.

King Richabd II.
1377-8. Sir Jno. De Yerborough.

1382. Sir Thos. Stanley, Nov. 10, pro tern.
Sir Thos. Scarle, Nov. 29.

1383. Sir Wm. Okey, Oct.

King Henry IV.
1399-1400. Jno. de Wakering.

Wm. Burgoyne.
1404:. Sir Thos. Stanley, May 15.
1410. Jno. Springthorpe, Mar. 30.

King Henry V.
1413. Jno. Woodhouse, Apr. 4.

King Henry VI.
Jno. Woodhouse, contd., Jan. 20.
Wm. Troutbecke, June 10.
Walter Sherington, Feb. 16.
The same, May 7, for life.
Wm. Tresham, July 3, in reversion.
The same, Nov. 1.
Jno. Say, aft. sir J . , June 10.

King Edward IV.
Jno. Say, contd., June 16.
Sir Richd. Fowler, June 10 ; and eh.

ex.
Sir Jno. Say, again, Nov. 3.
Thos. Thwaites, April 2; and ch. ex.

1423.
1424.
1431.
1439.
1442.
1447.
1449.

1461.
1462.

1477.

1478.

1483.

U86.
1504.
1505.

1509.
1524.
1525.

1529.

1633.

King Richard III.
Thos. Metcalfe, July 7.

King Henry VII.
Sir Reginald Bray, Sept. 13.
Sir Jno. Mordant, June 24.
Sir Richd. Empson, Oct. 3.

King Henry VIII.
Sir Henry Marny, May 14.
Sir Richd. Wingfield, Apr. 14.
Sir Thos. Moore, Dec. 31, aft. Id.

chanc.
Sir Wm. Fitzwilliams, aft. E. of

Southampton, Nov. 3.
Sir Jno. Gage, May 10.

King Edward VI.
1547. Sir Wm. Pagett. July 1.
1552. Sir Jno. Gate, July 7.

Queen Mary and Philip and Mart.
1553-4. Sir Robt. Rochester.
1558. Sir Edvrd. Walgrave, June 22.

Queen Elizabeth.
1558-9. Sir Ambrose Cave.
1568. Sir Ralph Sadler, May 16.
1577. Sir Fras. Walsingham, June 15.
1589-90. Sir Thos. Heneage.
1595. Sir Robt. Cecil, Oct. 7.
1601. Sir John Fortescue, Sept. 16.

King James I.

1615. Sir Thos. Parry and Jno. Daccombe,

aft. sir J., May 27.

1616. Sir Jno. Daccombe, alone, June 5.
1618. Sir Humphrey May, Mar. 23.

King Charles I.
1629. Edwd., Id. Newburgh, Apr. 16.
1644. Wm. , Id. Grey of Wake, and Wm.
Lenthall, Feb. 10.

Commonwealth.
1649. Jno. Bradshawe, Aug. 1.
1655. Thos. Fell.

1659. Sir Gilbert Gerrard, May 14.

King Charles II.

1660. Fras. (? Chas.), Id. Seymour, July 9.
1664. Sir Thos. Ingram, July 21.

1672. Sir Robt. Carr, bt., Feb. 22.
1682. Sir Thos. Chichely, Nov. 21.

William and Mary.
1689. Robt., Id. Willoughby d'Eresby,
Mar. 21.

King William III.
1697. Thos., E. of Stamford, May 4.

Queen Anne.
1702. Sir John Levcson Gower, bt., aft.

Id. Gower, May 12.
1706. Jas. E. of Derby, June 10.
1710. Wm., Id. Berkeley of Stratton,

Sept. 21.

King George I.
1714. Heneage, E. of Aylesford, Nov. 6.

1716. Richd., E. of Scarborough, Mar. 12.

1717. Nicholas Lechmere, aft. Id. Loch-

mere, for life, June 19.

King Georc.e II.
1727. John, D. of Rutland. July 17.
1735. Goo., E. of Cholmondeley, May 21.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

243

1742. Richd. , Id. Edgcumbe, Dec. 22.
17G0. Thos. Hay, vise. Dupplin, aft. E. of
Kinnoul, Feb. 27.

King George III.
1762. Jas., Id. Strange, Dec. 13.
1771. Thos. , Id. Hyde, aft. E. of Claren-
don, June 14.

1782. John, Id. Ashburton, Apr. 17-

1783. Edwd.,E. of Derby, Aug. 29.
Thos., E. of Clarendon, Dec. 31.

1787. Chas., Id. Hawkesbury, aft. E. of
Liverpool. Sept. 6.

1803. Thos., Id. Pelham, aft. E. of Chi-

chester. Nov. 11.

1804. Hy., Id. Mulgrave, .June 6.

1805. Robt., E. of Buckinghamshire, Jan.

14.
Dudley, Id., aft. E. of Harrowby,
July 10.

1806. Edwd., E. of Derby, again, Feb. 12.

1807. Spencer Perceval, Mar. 30.

1812. Robt. , E. of Buckinghamshire, again,
May 23.
Chas. Bathurst June 23

King Geokge IV.
1823. Nichs. Vansittart, aft. Id. Bexley,

Feb. 13.
1828. Geo., E. of Aberdeen, Jan. 26.
Chas. Arbuthnot, June 2.

King William IV.
1830. Hy. Richd., Id. Holland, Nov. 25.
Thos. E. of Haddington, Dec. 20.

1834. Chas. Watkin Williams Wynn, Dec.

26.

1835. Hy. Richd., Id. Holland, again,

Apr. 23.

Queen Victoria.
1840. Geo. Wm. Fredk., E. of Clarendon,
Oct. 31.

1841.

1846.
1850.

1852.
1853.
1854.

1855.

1858.
1859.
1861.

1867.

1868.

1872.

1873.
1874.
1880.
1882.

1882.
1884.

1885.
1886.

-M4S.

Sir Geo. Grey, bt. , June 23.

Lord Granville Chas. Hy. Somerset,

Sept. 3.
John, Id. Campbell, July 6.
Geo. Fredk. Wm., E. of Carlisle,

Mar. 6.
Robt. Adam Christopher, Mar. 1.
Edwd. Strutt, Jan. 1.
Granville Geo., E. Granville, June

2L
Dudley, E. of Harrowby, Mar. 31.
Matthew Talbot Baines, Dec. 7.
Jas., D. of Montrose, Feb. 26.
Sir Geo. Grey, bt. , aqain, June 22.
Edwd. Cardwell, aft. Id. Cardwell,

July 25.
Geo. Wm. Fredk., E. of Clarendon,

K.G., G.C.B., again, Apr. 7.
Geo. Joachim Goschen, Jan. 26.
Wm. Regd., E. of Devon, July 10.
Col. Jno. Wilson Patten, June 26.
Thos. Edwd. Taylor, Nov. 7.
Fredk. Temple, Id. Dufeerin, k.p.,

K.C.B., aft. E. Dufferin, Dec. 12,
Hugh Culling Eardley Childera,

Aug. 9.
Jno. Bright, Sept. 30.
Thos. Edwd. Taylor, again. Mar. 2.
Jno. Bright, again, Apr. 28.
John, E. Kimberley, July 25.
Jno. Geo. Dodson. Dec. 28.
George Otto Trevelvan, aft. sir G.,

bt., Oct. 29.
Hy. Chaplin, June 24.
Edwd. Heneage, Feb. 6.
Sir Ughtred Jas. Kay-Shuttleworth,

Apr. 16.
Gathorne, vise. Cranbrook, pro tern.,

Aug. 3.
Hon. sir Jno. Jas. Robt. Manners,

c.c. Id. John Manners, aft. D. of

Rutland, Aug. 16.

PAYMASTERS-GENERAL OF THE FORCES

AND

PAYMASTERS-GENERAL.

"The office of Paymaster-General of the Forces was formerly one of the
most lucrative in the gift of the crown, not so much on account of the
salary annexed to it, as on account of the vast suras of public money
that lay in the Paymaster's hands for long spaces of time ; the whole of
the money voted by parliament for the land forces passing through
his department. In 1782 the office underwent a reform, and the Pay-
master-General and his deputy wei'e allowed fixed salaries in lieu of
perquisites.

On the 1st December, 1836, by Treasury warrant, under 5 & 6 Will.

16 *

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

IV. cap. 35, the offices of Paymaster-General of the Forces, Treasurer of
Chelsea Hospital, Treasurer of the Navy, and Treasurer of the Ordnance
were abolished and the duties transferred to a new officer, styled the Pay-
master-General. By 11 & 12 Vict. cap. 55 (Aug. 14, 1848), the offices
of Paymaster of Exchequer Bills and Paymaster of Civil Services were
also abolished, and the duties transferred to the Paymaster-General.
By 35 & 36 Vict. cap. 44 (Aug. 6, 1872), and subsequent rules of court,
the office of Accountant-General of the Court of Chancery was abolished
and the duties transferred to the Paymaster-General.

This office was generally held jointly with that of Vice-President of
the Board of Trade from 1848 until the abolition of the latter office in
December 1868, under 30 & 31 Vict. cap. 72.

Paymasters-Geneeal of the Fobces.

1660. Sir Stephen Fox.

1679. Nichs. Johnson, and
Chas. Fox.

1682. Chas. Fox.

1689. Richd., E. of Ranelagh.

This nobleman was charged with
the misapplication of large sums
of the public money ; he resigned
to avoid prosecution, and was
expelled the house of commons,
1702.

1703. John Howe, for guards and garri-
sons at home, Jan. 4.
Chas. Fox, for the other troops
and Chelsea Hospital.

1707. Hon. Jas. Brydges, aft. D. of Chandos.

1713. Thos. Moore, for her majesty's

forces abroad.
Edwd. Nicholas, treasr. and paym.
of her majesty's pensioners.

1714. Robt. Walpole, aft. sir R., and E.

of Orford.

1715. Hy., E. of Lincoln, Oct. 26.

1720. Robt. Walpole, aqain.

1721. Chas., Id. Cornw'allis; d. 1722.

1722. Hon. Spencer Compton, aft. E. of

Wilmington.
1730. Hon. Hy. Pelham.
1743. Sir Thos. Winnington, bt.
1746. Wm. Pitt, aft. E. of Chatham.
1755. Hy., E. of Darlington.

Thos. Hay, vise. Dupplin, aft. E. of

Kinnoul.
1757. Hy. Fox, aft. Id. Holland.

1765. Hon. Chas. Townshend.

1766. Fredk., Id. North, and
Geo. Cooke, Dec. 10.

1767. Geo. Cooke, and

Thos. Townshend, Dec. 23.

1768. Richd. Rigbv.

1782. Edmund Burke, Mar. 27.
Isaac Barre, July 17.

1783. Edmd. Burke, again, Apr. 8.

1784. Wm. Wyndham Grenville, aft. Id.

Grenville, Jan. 8.
Wm. Wyndham Grenville, and
Constantine John, Id. Mulgrave,
Apr. 7.
1789. Lord Mulgrave, and

Jas., M. of Graham. Sept. 4.
1791. Dudley Rvder, and
Thos. 'Steele, Mar. 7.

1800. Thos. Steele, and
Geo. Canning, Jiily 5.

1801. Thos. Steele, and

Sylvester. Id. Glenbervie. Mar. 26.

1803. Thos. Steele, and

John Hiley Addington, Jan. 3.

1804. Geo. Rose, and

Lord Chas. Hy. Somerset, July 7.

1806. Richd, Earl Temple, and
Lord John Townshend, Feb. 17

1807. Chas. Long, aft. sir C. and Id. Fam-

borough, and
Lord Chas. Hy, Somerset, again,

Apr. 4.
1813. Chas. Long, again, and

Fredk. John Robinson, aft. vise.

Goderich and E. Ripon, Nov. 13.
1817. Sir Chas. Long, alone, Aug. 14.
182G. Wm. Vesey Fitzgerald, aft. Id.

Fitzgerald and Vesci, July 15.
1828. John Calcraft, July 15.
1830. Lord John Russell, aft. E. Russell,

Dec. 16.

1834. Sir Edwd Knatchbull, bt.. Doc. 23.

1835. Sir Hy. Parnell, bt., aft. Id.

Congleton, May 14.

Paymastebs-General.

1836. Sir Hy. Parnell, bt., above named.

1841. Edwd. John Stanley, aft. Id. Ed-
disbury and Id. Stanley of Alder-
ley, July 1.
Sir Edwd. Knatchbull, bt , again,
Sept. 12.

1845. Wm. Bingham Baring, aft. Id.

Ashburton, Mar. 1.

1846. Thos. Babington Macaulay, aft.

Id. Macaulay, July 12.
1848. Granville tieo., E. Granville, May
11.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

245

1852.

1853.
1855.

1858.
1859.

1860.
1865.

Edwd. John, Id. Stanley of Alder-
ley, again, Feb. 12, G.

Chas., Id. Colchester, Feb. 28, G.

Edwd. John, Id. Stanley of Alder-
ley, again, Jan. 5, G.

Edwd. PI ey dell Bouverie, Mar.

Robt. Lowe, aft. vise. Sherbrooke,
Aug. 28, G.

Richd. John, E. of Donoughmore,
Apr.

Algernon Geo. Percy, Id. Lovaine,
Mar.

Jas. Wilson, June.

"Wm. Fras. Gowper, Aug.

Wm. Hutt, Feb.

Geo. Joachim Goschen.

1868.

1872.
1873.
1874.
1880.

1885.
1886.

1887.

WARDENS AND MASTER!

Wm. Monsell, aft. Id. Emly, Mar.

Stephen Cave, July.

Fredk. Temple, Id. Dufferin and

Clandeboye, k.p., k.c.b., aft.

Earl Dufferin, Dec.
Hugh Culling Eardley Childers.
Wm. Patrick Adam.
Stephen Cave, Apr. 20, sw.
Geo. Grenfell, Id. Wolyerton, May

24, sw.
Fredk., E. Beauchamp, June.
Thos. John, Id. Thurlow, Apr. 3, sw.
Fredk., E. Beauchamp, again, Aug.

19, sw.
Aldebert Wellington Brownlow, E.

Brownlow, July.

S OF THE MINT.

The Warden was anciently the chief officer of the Mint, but his office
■was abolished by 57 George III. cap. <ol (July 7, 1817), and the duties
were directed to be performed by the Master, who was by that act con-
stituted Master, Warden, and Worker.

For many years the office of Master was a political one, the holder
being, sometimes, a member of the cabinet. From 1835 to 1850 the
office was generally held jointly with the vice-presidency of the Board
of Trade. In 1850 sir John Herschel was appointed Master, and he
was succeeded by Professor Graham, both these appointments being
non-political. Professor Graham died in Sept. 1869, and by 33 & 34
Vict. cap. 10 (Apr. 4, 1870), it was enacted that the office and
title of Master of the Mint should be held by the Chancellor of the
Exchequer for the time being, and the duties of the office were trans-
ferred to the deputy Master.

Wardens of the Mint.

.* * John Jeffries.
1766. Gen. Wm. Whitmore, Feb.

1771.

1798.

Robt. Pigot, Oct. 1.
Sir Walter J. James, bt.

Masters op the Mint.

King Henry I.

* * Godwin Socche, Winchester.

King Edward I.
1275. Gregory Rokesley.

1280. Wm. de Turnemire, of Mar
Richd. de Lothebury.

1281. Alesr. Norman de Luic, Dublin.

1282. Gregory Rokesley, again.

1285. Wm. de Turnemire, again, in Gas-

cony.

1286. John de Caturco and Gerald

Mauhan, London and Canter-
bury.

1287. John de Caturco.
1297. JohnPorcher.

Roger de Rede, St. Edmundsbury.
1300. Hubert Elion, Wm. de Turnemire,
again, and his brother.

King Edward XL

1308. John de Puntoyse.

1313. John de Puntoyse, again, and Lapine

Roger; Lond. and Cant.
1317. Giles de Hertesburg and Terric de

Lose ; Lond. and Cant.

King Edward III.
1327. Roger Rykemau, Lond. and Cant.

1344. Geo. Kyrkin, and Lotto Nicholyn

of Florence.
Hy. de Bruselo.

1345. Percival de Porche, de Lucca.
Walter de Dunflower.

1347. Geo. Kyrkin and Lotto Nicholjra,

again.

1348. Bertrand de Polirac, meistre du

coigne et de monoies de la duchee
de Gui^n.— Rolls of Parlt.

246
1351.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

1354.

1357.

1361.
1362.
1363.
1366.
1367.
1372.

1377.
1395.

1402.
1413.

1418.
1421.

1422.

1426.
1432.

1433.
1446.

1459.
1461,

Anthy. Bache, of Geneva, and Nichs.

Choue.
Hy. de Brusele, agin'n, and John de

Chichester.
Hy. de Brusele, cnjinn, Lend, and

Cant.
John Donative, of the castle of Flo-
rence, and Philip John Denier.
Peter de Bataile, Rocbellc.
Gauter de Barde.
Robt. de Porche.
Thos. Kyng, Calais.
John de Chichester, again.
Bardet de ilalepilys.

King Richard II.
Gauter de Barde.
Nichs. ]\Ialakine, a Florentine.
John Wildeman.
Nichs. Malakine, at/ain.
King Henry IV.
Walter Merwe, magister moneta,

Lond.
Richd. Gamer.
John Lowys, or Lodowic John.

King Henry V.
Conrad Melwer, Normandy.
John Marceur, St. Looe.
King Henry VI.
Bartholomew Goldbeter, London

York, Bristol, and Calais.
Robt. Manfeld.
Wm. Russe, London, Calais, Bristol,

and York.
John Paddesley, the same places.
Robt. i\Ianfeld, ac/ain, London and

Calais.
Sir Richd. Tonstall.
Robt., bp. of Ross.
Germayne Lynch, Ireland.

King Edward IV.

Wm., Id. Hastings, "keeper of all
manner of the king's exchaunges
and outchaunges in the Tower of
London, realm of England, terri-
tory of Ireland, and town of
Calais." — Patent.

Hugh Brice, Calais.

Bartholomew Rede.

Thos. Galinole, " master and worker
of the money of silver in Develyn
(Dublin) and Waterford."

King Richard III.
1483. Robt. Brackenbury.

King Hknry VII.
1485. Giles, Id. Daubeney, and Bartholo-
mew Kodo, again.
Robt. Bowl(!y , " maister of the cunage
and mynt, within the cities of
Dyvelyn and Waterford." — Rolls
ofParll.

1480,
1483,

1491. John Shaa and Barth. Rede, again.

1492. Robt. Fenrother and B. Rede, again.

Kino Henry VHI.
1509. Wm.. Id. Montjov.
1524. Wm. Wright, York.
1527. Ralph Rowlet and Martin Bowes.
1531. Wm., Id. M ontj oy, a^aj'n.
1534. Wm. Tilesworth, archbishop's mint,
Canterbury.

1543. Sir ilartin Bowes and Ralph Rowlet^

1544. Sir Martin Bowes, alone.

1545. Sir Martin Bowes, again, Stephen

Vaughan, and Thos. Knight.
Nichls. Tyery.

King Edward VI.

1547. John York and others, Southwark.
Wm. Tillesworth, Canterbury.

Sir Martin Bowes, again, Tower.

1548. Geo. Gale, York.

1549. Sir Edmd. Peckham, and others.
Sir Wm. Sharrington.

1550. Martin Pirri, Dublin.— Co«on. MSS.
Geo. Gale, again, and others, York»

Philip and Mary.
1554. Thos. Egerton.

Qdeen Elizahetk.
1559. Sir Thos. Stanley and others.

1572. John Lonison. — Harleian MSS.

1573. Thos. Stanley. —Lansdowne MSS

1581. Sir Richd. Martin.

1582. Richd. -^lartin.— Harleian MSS.
1584. Sir Richd. Martin, again, and Richd..

Martin, his son. — Lowndes.

1603.

1615.

1619.
1623.
1624.
1625.

1625.
1635.
1637.
1641.

1643.
1647.

1649.

and Edwd.

King James I.
Sir Richd. Martin and Richd. Martin^

his son, contd.
Thos., Id. Knyvet,

Doubleday.
Randal Cranlield.
Sir Edwd. Villiers.
Sir Hy. Villiers and Hy. Twedy.
Sir Hy. Villiers, alone.

Kino Charles I.

Sir Robt. Harley.

Sir Ralph Freeman.

Thos. BushoU, Abery.stwith.

Sir Wm. Parkhurst and Tho9»
Bushel, again, Oxford.

Sir Robt. Harley, again.

Hy. Slingsby.

John Faulkencr, or Falconer, Edin-
burgh.

The Commonwealth.
Aaron Gucrdain.

KlN(! ClIAUI.KS II.

1660. Sir Wm. Parkhur.st.

Sir Uali)h Freeman, u'/airi.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

247

1660. Sir Thos. Vyner, Robt. Vyner, and

Danl. Bellingham, Dublin.
1370. Hy. Slingsby, aqain.
1679. Thos. Neale.

John Falconer, ar/am, Edinburgh.

King James II.
1585. Thos. Neale, at/aiii.
John Trinder,
Thos. Goddard,
Wm. Talbot,
Wm. Bronifield,
Fras. Rice, and
Edwd. Fox, Dublin
Walter Plunket, Lime-
rick.

1688.

1789.
1790.
1794.
1799.

1801.
1802,
1804.
1806.

1807.
1812.
1814.

Philip, E. of Chesterfield, Feb. 12.

Geo., E. of Leicester, Jan. 20.

Sir Geo. Yonge, bt., July.

Robt. Banks, Id. Hawkesbury,
Feb. 14.

Chas. Geo., Id. Arden, Apr. 18.

John Smyth, July 2.

Hy. , E. Bathurst, July 7.

Lord Chas. Spencer, Feb. 20.

Chas. Bathurst, Oct. 27.

Earl Bathurst. again, Apr. 25.

Richd., E. of Clancarty, Oct. 30.

Wm. Wellesley Pole, '^aft. Id. Mary-
borough, Sept. 28.

1820.
1823.

Mary-

1827.

1828.

King George IV.
Wm. Wellesley Pole, aft. Id.

borough, coiifd.
Thos. Wallace, aft. Id. Wallace,

Oct 9.
Geo. Tierney, May 29.
John Chas. Herries, Feb. 12.

King William III.
1689. Thos. Neale, again.
1699. Isaac Newton, previously warden,
aft. sir I.
Major Wyvil, York.

Queen Anne.
1702. Isaac Newton, contcL, knt. in 1705.

King George I.
1714. Sir Isaac Newton, contd.
1727. John Conduit,

King George II.
1727. John Conduit, contd.
1737. Hon. Richd. Arundel.
1744. Hon. Wm. Chetwynd, aft. vise.
Chetwynd.

King George III.
1760. Vise. Chetwynd, contd.
1769. Hon. Chas. Sloane Cadogan, aft. E.

Cadogan.
1784. Thos., E. of Effingham, Jan.

The dates in this roll, which differ, in some instances materially, from those found
in other works, are taken from Ruding's " Coinage of Great Britain " ov from the
Records of the Mint.

By 33 & 34 Vict. cap. 10 (Apr. 4, 1870) the office of master of the mint was to be
held by the chancellor of the exchequer for the time being. See Introduction, ante,
p. 245.

King William IV.
1830. John Chas. Herries, contd.
Geo., Id. Auckland, Dec. 14.

1834. Jas. Abercromby, July 1.

1835. Alexr. Baring, Jan. 1.

Hy. Labouchere, aft. Id. Taunton,
May 9.

Queen Victoria.
1837. Hy. Labouchere, contd.
1841. Wm. Ewart Gladstone, Sept. 21.

1845. Sir Geo. Clerk, bt., Feb. 12.

1846. Richd. Lalor Shiel, July 14.

1850. Sir John Fredk. Wm. Herschel, bt.,

Dec. 13 ; res. 1855.
1855. Thos. Graham, Mar. ; d. Sept. 1869.

JUDGE ADVOCATES GENERAL.

See Part XV. " Military," 2^ost.

SPEAKERS OF THE HOUSE OF COMMONS.

The Speaker is chosen by the House of Commons from its own members,
subject to the approval of the sovereign, and holds his office until the
dissolution of the parliament by which he was elected. As Chairman

248

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES

of the House, his duties are the same as those of auy other president
of a deliberative assembly. G-enerally speaking, the business of the
House could not be transacted in the absence of the Speaker, although to
this rule there was an exception in the year 1606, when, during the ill-
ness of a Speaker, a prisoner was released from custody by order of thi
House. By 18 & 19 Vict. cap. 34 (Aug. 14, 1855), and certain standing
orders of the House, power is now given to appoint a deputy Speaker
when necessary. The Speaker has a casting vote upon divisions iu
which the votes prove equal.

Speakers of the House of Commons.

From the earliest authentic Records of Parliament.

T^c county, town, or borough following each name is the jilace for which the Speaker was
returned as a member of the House.

England & Wales.
King Henky III.
1260. Peter de Montfort. Killed at the
battle of Evesham.

King Edwabd II.

1326. Wm. Trussell.*

King Edward III.

1327. Wm. Trussell,* contd.
1332. Sir Hy Beaumont.*

*These must have been Speakers to
both lords and commons.

1376. Sir Peter de la Mare, Herefordshire.
He is supposed to have been the first

regular Speaker.

1377. Sir Thos. Hungerford, Wilts.

King Richard II.
Sir Peter de la Mare, Herefordshire.
Sir Jas. Pickering, Westmoreland.

• Sir John Goldsborough, Essex.

Sir Richd. Waldegrave, Suffolk.
Sir Jas. Pickering, Westmoreland.
The next speaker on record is

,- Sir John Bushey, Lincolnshire.

1377.
1378.
1380.
1381.
1382.
1386.

1394.
1397.

1399.

1400.
1403.
1404.
1405.

1406.
1408.
1409.
1412.

King Henry IV.

Sir John Cheney, Gloucestershire ;
he, growing infirm and unable to
sers'o, •

John Doreword, Essex, was dele-
gated to serve in his place.

Sir Arnold Savage, Kent.

Sir Hy. Rcdoford, Lincolnshire.

Sir Arnold Savage, (tgain, Kent.

Sir Wm. Esturmy, Devonshire.

SirWm. Esturmy, «//«?«, same year.

Sir John Cheney, Cornwall, also
appears to have been Speaker in
this parliament.

Sir John Tiptoft, Hunts.

> ThoH. Chaucer, Oxfordshire.

King Henry V.

1413. Wm. Stourton, Dorsetshire ; but he

being unwell, John Doreword,
Essex, was chosen in his room.

1414. Walter Hungerford, Wilts.

1415. Thos. Chaucer, again. Oxfordshire.
Richd. Redman, Yorkshire.

Sir Walter Beauchamp, Wilts.
1416.)

1417. y Roger Flower, Rutlandshire.
1419.)

1421. Richd. Baj'nai'd, Essex.

Henry VI.

1422. Roger Flower, again, Rutlandshire.

1423. John Russell, Herefordshire.

1425. Sir Thos. Waughton or Wanton,

Beds.

1426. Richd. Vernon, Derbyshire.
1428. John Tyrrell, Essex.'

1430. Wm. AUington, Cambs.

1431. John Tyrrell, again, Essex.

1432. John Russell, ai/ain, Herefordshire.

1433. Roger Hunt, Hunts.

1436. John Bowes. Here the records are
imperfect, but it is presumed he
sat for Northumberland.

1439. Sir John Tyrrell, again, for a third

and fourth time, Essex.
Wm. Boerley, Shropshire.

1440. Wm. Tresham, Northamptonshire.
1445. Wm. Boerley, again. Shropshire.
1447. Wm. Tresham, «(/a//i. Northampton-
shire.

1449. John Saye, Cambs.

1450. John Popham, Hants. ; but ho ex-

cusing himself,
Wm. Tresham, Northamptonshire,
was chosen agniu.

1451. Sir Wm. Oldhall, Herefordshire.
1453. Thos. Thorpe, Essex.

Thos. Thorpe, «f/<i(H, same year.
Sir Thos. Charlton, Middlesex.
1455. Sir John Wonlock. Beds.

1459. Sir Wm. Troshain, Northampton-

shire, again, fourth time.

1460. John Green, Essex.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

249

King Edward IV.
1460. Sir Jas. Strangeways, Yorks.
J^^^- 1 John Saye, Herts.

1472. Wm. Allington, Cambs.

1477. Wm. Allington, again, Lincolnshire.

1482. John Wode, Surrey or Sussex.

King Richard III.

1483. Wm. Catesby, Northamptonshire.

King Henry VII.

Thos. Lovel, Northamptonshire or

Oxfordshire.
John Mordaunt, Beds.
Sir Thos. Fitzwilliam, Yorks.
Richd. Empson, Northamptonshire.
Sir Reginald Bray, Beds, or North-

hamptonshire.
Robt. Drury, Sussex.
Thos. Englefield, aft. Sir T., Berks.
Edmd. Dudley, Staffs.

King Henry VIII.

Sir Thos. Englefield, again, Berks.
Sir Thos. Sheffeild, Lincolnshire.
Sir Thos. Nevill, perhaps Kent.

\ Sir Thos. More, Middlesex.

Sir Thos. Audley, perhaps Essex.
Richd. Rich, Essex.
Sir Nichs. Hare, Norfolk.
Thos. Moyle, Kent ; he continued
Speaker all the rest of this reign.

King Edward VI.
Sir John Baker, Hunts.
Jas. Dyer, Cambs.

Queen Mary.
John Pollard, Oxfordshire.
Robt. Brooke, London city.

Philip and Mary.
Clement Higham, West Looe.
John Pollard, again, Chippenham.
Wm. Cordell, Essex.

Queen Elizabeth.

Sir Thos. Gargrave, Yorks.

Thos. Williams, Exeter city ; d. 1566 ;
when Richd. Onslow, Steyning,
was chosen in his room.

Christr. Wray, Ludgershall.

Robt. Bell, Lynn Regis ; made ch.
bar. of the ex. in 1577, when

John Popham, Bristol city, solicitor-
gen., was chosen in his place.

fT V T. 1 • f Bedford town.
•^"^^^P^^^^^'^^'lGatton, Surrey.

Thos. Snagg, Bedford town.

Edwd. Coke, Norfolk.

Christr. Yelverton, Northampton-
shire.

John Croke, London ; recorder of
the city.

1485.

1488.
1489.
1492.
1496.

1497.
1504.

1509.
1512.
1514.
1523.
1524.
1530.
1537.
1540.
1542.

1547.
1553.

1553.
1554.

1555.
1556.
1558.

1559.
1563.

1571.
1672.

1577.

1585
&
1586.
1589.
1592.
1597.

1601.

King James I.
1603. Edwd. Philipps, Somersetshire.
1614. Randolph Crew.

No records of this parliament are to

be found; but it is presumed he

sat for Brackley, Northhampton-

shire.

1620. Thos. Richardson, St. Alban's.

1623. Thos. Crewe, aft. Sir T., Ailesbury.

King Charles I.

1625. Sir Thos. Crewe, again, Gatton.

1626. Sir Heneage Finch, London; re-

corder of the city.
1628. Sir John Finch, Canterbury.

1640. John Glanville, Bristol.

1641. Wm. Lenthal, Woodstock ; he con-

tinued till 1653.

King Charles II.

Commonwealth.

1653. Fras. Rons, nom. for Devonshire.

1654. Wm. Lenthal, rest., Oxfordshire.
1656. Sir Thos. Widdrington, nom. for

York city.

1659. Chaloner Chute, sen., Middlesex;

but, being unable to attend, the
commons chose

SirLisleborne Long, Wells, to supply
his place. Sir Lisleborne, on
Mar. 9, gave up the office after
seven days' possession, and on
Mar. 16th the commons delegated
to the office

Thos. Bampfield, Exeter. Chute
dying on Apr. 15 following, Bamp-
field was then chosen speaker.

The Restoration.

1660. Sir Harbottle Grimstone, bt., Col-

chester.

1661. Sir Edwd. Turner, bt., Hertford

town. On his being app. ch. bar.
of the ex., May 23, 1671, the
commons chose at their meet-
ing in

1673. Sir Job Charlton, bt., Ludlow, but
he desiring leave to resign on ac-
count of his health,
Edwd. Seymour, aft. bt., Hindon,
was elected in his place. On Sey-
mour's indisposition, the commons
chose
Sir Robt. Sawyer, Wycombe ; but
he, excusing his attendance, they
again chose

1678. Sir "Edwd. Seymour, bt., Hindon.
To this choice the king refused
his approval, whereupon the
commons returned to their house,
and elected
Serjt. Wm. Gregory, Weobly.

1680. Wm. Williams, Chester city.

250

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

King James II.
1G85. Sir John Trevor, Denbigh town.

William and Makv and King
William III.
1689. Hy. Powle. Windsor.
1G90. Sir John Trevor, again, Yarmouth,
Hants.
Sir John Trevor was expelled the
chair and the house for taking a
bribe of 1000 guineas from the
city of Loudon, on the passing of
the Orphans' Bill, Mar. 12, 1695.
1695. Paul Foley, Hereford city.
1698. Sir Thos. Lvttelton, bt., Woodstock.
1700 I
& > Robt. Harlev, New Radnor.

1701. )

Queen Anne.

1702. Robt. Harley, ac/aiii, New Radnor.
1705. John Smith, Andover.

Union of England and Scotland

UNDEK THE STVLE OF GrEAT BRITAIN.

1707. John Smith, again, Andover, Hants.

1708. Sir Richd. Onslow, bt., Surrey.
1710. Wm. Bromlev, Oxford univ.
1713. Sir Thos. Hanmer, bt., Suffolk.

King George I.

Hon. Spencer Compton, Sussex,
filled the chair all this reign.

King George II.

1 Arthur Onslow, Surrej', chosen by
I these five parliaments succes-
)■ sively ; and so filled the chair dur-
I ing the whole reign of this king,

J embracing a period of 33 years.

King George III.
1761. Sir John Gust, bt.. Grantham.
1768. Sir John Cust, bt. , again, Grantham.

Res. on account of ill-health, Jan.

17, 1770, and on the 23rd of same

month the commons elected
1770 Sir Fletcher Norton, Guildford.
1774. Sir Fletcher Norton, again.
1780. Chas.Wolfran Cornewall,Winchel8ea.
1784. Chas. Wolfran Cornewall, again.

Rye ; d. Jan. 2, 1789.

1789. Wm. Wyndham Grenville, alt. Id.

Grenville, Bucks, Jan. 5 ; res.
June 5 following.
Hy. Addington, Devizes, June 8.

1790. Hy. Addington, ai/ain, Nov. 25.
1796. Hy. Addington, again, Sept. 27.

Union of England, Scotland, and

Ireland, under the stvle of the

United Kingdom of Great Britain

AND Ireland.

1801. Hy. Addington, again, fourth time,

Jan. 22 ; res. Feb. 10, and became

first Id. treusy. and ch. ex.. Mar.

1714

&
1722.

1727.
1734.
1741.
1747.
1754.

following ; cr. vise. Sidmouth^
Jan. 1S05.

1801. Sir John Mitford, Beeralston, Feb.

11; res. Feb. 9, 1802, on being
cr. Id. Redesdale, and made Id.
chanc. of Ireland.

1802. Chas. Abbot, Helston, Feb. 10.
Chas. Abbot, again, Nov. 16.

1806. Chas. Abbot. a<iain, Dec. 15.

1807. Chas. Abbot, again, June 22.
1812. Chas. Abbot, again, fifth time, Nov.

24. Ret., and cr. Id. Colchester..
June 1817.
1817. Chas. Manners Sutton, Scaiborough,.
June 2.

1819. Chas. Manners Sutton, aqain. Jan.

15.

King George IV.

1820. Chas. Manners Sutton, again, Apr.

22.
1826. Chas. Manners Sutton, again. Nov.
15.

King William IV.

1830. Chas. Manners Sutton, again, Oct.

26.

1831. Chas. Manners Sutton, aft. sir C,

again, June 14.

1833. Sir " Chas. Manners Sutton, now
member for Cambridge univ.,.
again, seventh time. Jan. 29.

1835. Jas. Abercromby, Edinburgh city,
Feb. 19. In the memorable con-
test for the speakership, in 1835,.
Mr. Abercromby had 316 votes,
and Sir C. ^Manners Sutton, 306 ;
the majority in favour of Mr.
Abercromby being ten. Sir C.
Manners Sutton retired from
political life immediately after
this contest, and was cr. vise.
Canterbury. He d. 1845.

Queen Victoria.
1837. Jas. Abercromby, again, Nov. 15 ;

ret. and cr. bar. Dunfermline,-

June 7, 1839.
1839. Chas. Shaw Lefevre, Hampshire, N.

div., May 27.
1841. Chas. Shaw Lefevre, again. Aug.

19.
1847. Chas. Shaw Lefevre, again, Nov.

18.
1852. Chas. Shaw Lefevre, again, fourth

time, Nov. 4 ; ret. and cr. vise.

Evorsloy, Apr. 11, 1857.
1857. John Evelvn Dcnison. Notta., N.

Div. . Apr. 30.
1859. J. E. Donison, again. May 31.
1866. J. E. Denison, again, Feb. 1.
1868. J. E. Donison, 'again, fourth tim«^

Dec. 10; ret. and cr. vise. Os-

sington. Feb. 13. 1872, G.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES. 251

1872. Hy. Bouverie Wm. Brand, Cam-
bridgeshire, Fob. 9.

1874. H. B. W. Brand, again, Mar. 5.

1880. H. B. W. Brand, again, third time,
Apr. 29 ; made g.c.b. Sept. 20,
1881; ret. and or. vise. Hampden,
Mar. 3, 1884, G.

1884. Arthur Wellesloy Peel, Warwick,

Feb. 26.
1886. A. W. Peel, again, Warwick and

Leamington, Jan. 12.
A. W. Peel, again, third time, Aug.

5. , •

THE BOARD OF CONTROL.

COMMONLY CALLED

THE INDIA BOARD.

This Board was originally established by Mr. Pitt's celebrated East
India Bill, 24 Geo. III. cap. 25 (May 18, 1784). This act empowered
the crown to appoint six privy councillors to be commissioners for the
affairs of India, with very extensive powers; they having the "control
and superintendence of all the British territorial possessions in the East
Indies, and over the affairs of the United Company of Merchants
trading thereto." One of the principal secretaries of state was con-
stituted president ; in his absence the chancellor of the exchequer,
and in the absence of both, then the senior commissioner was to be
president. Subsequently, however, to the passing of this act, it was
found necessary to alter the constitution of the Board, and by 33 Greo.
III. cap. 52 (June 11, 1793), it was enacted that any three or more
commissioners might form a board, that the first-named commis-
sioner in the letters patent or commission for the time being should be
the president of such board; and that when any board should be formed
in the absence of the president, the senior commissioner present should
for that turn preside at the board.

The president was always specially appointed, and was one of the
most important members of the cabinet, entering upon ofiB.ce and retiring^
on every change in the administration.

The lord president of the council, the lord privy seal, the first lord of
the treasury, the principal secretaries of state, and the chancellor of the
exchequer, for the time being, were ex officio members of the board,
and the sovereign might appoint any other persons to be members
also.

By the 3 & 4 Will. IV. cap. 85 (Aug. 28, 1833), the provisions of the
previous act as to ex officio and additional members were repealed ; but
it will be seen that from the passing of this act fewer commissioners,
other than ex officio commissioners, were named, and that, latterly,
but one commissioner was named. The letters patent, since Sept. 1841,
were addressed to one commissioner only, exclusive of the ex officio
commissioners, and the whole powers of the former boai'ds were prac-
tically vested in that one commissioner.

By the 21 & 22 Vict. cap. 106 (Aug. 2, 1858) the board of control was
abolished, the government of India transferred from the East India Com-
pany to the sovereign, and the secretaryship of state for India created.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Presidents and Commissionees of the Boaed of Conteol.

The following dates are those of the patents, in all cases, except
those marked " G.", the dates of which are those of the notice in the
London Gazette.

King George III.
Sept. 3, 1784.
Tho8., Id. Sydney, pres.
\Vm. Pitt, ch. ex.
Hy. Dundas.
Thos., Id. Walsingham.
Wm. Wyndham Grenville.
Constantine John, Id. Mul-
grave.

Mar. 12, 1790.
"\Vm. Wyndham Grenville,

pres.
Hy. Dundas.
Constantine John, Id. Mul-

grave.
Thos., Id. Sydney.
Thos., Id. Walsingham.
Lord Fredk. Campbell.
Dudley Ryder.

May 16, 1791.
Wm. Wyndham Grenville,
aft. Id. Grenville, pres.
Wm. Pitt.
Hy. Dundas.
Lord Fredk. Campbell.
Jas. , D. of Montrose.
Thos. Steele.

June 28, 1793.

Hy. Dundas, the lirst paid
pres.

Jas., D. of Montrose.

Richd., E. of ^lornington.

Robt. Grosvenor, vise. Bel-
grave.

Hy., Id. Apsley.

Hon. Edwd. Jas. Eliot.

Hon. Robt. Banks Jenkin-

June 29, 1795.
Hy. Dundas, pres.
Jas., D. of Montrose.
Richd., E. of Mornington,

aft. M. Welle.sley.
Robt., vise. Belgrave.
Hy., E. Bathurst (late Id.

Apsley).
Hon. Edwd. Jas. Eliot.
Hon. Robt. Banks Jcnkinson.
Sylvester Douglas.

Nov. l(i, 1797.
Hy. Dundas, pres.
Jas., D. of ^lontroee.

Robt., vise. Belgrave.

Hy. , E. Bathurst.

Robt. Banks, Id. Hawkes-

bury.
Sylvester Douglas.
Wm. Dundas.

Mar. 28, 1799.
Hy. Dundas, pres.
Jas., D. of Montrose.
Robt., vise. Belgrave.
Hy.,E. Bathurst.
Sylvester Douglas.
Wm. Dundas.
Geo. Canning.

.July 2, 1800.
Hy. Dundas, aft. vise.

Melville, pres.
Jas., D. of Montrose.
Robt., vise. Belgrave.
Hy., E. Bathurst.
Sylvester Douglas.
Geo. Canning.
Thos. Wallace.
Richd. Temple Nugent, E.

Temple.

May 19, 1801.
Geo., vise. Lewisham, pres.

succ. as E. of Dartmouth.
Jas., D. of Montrose.
Hy., E. Bathurst.
Sylvester Douglas, now Id.

Glenbervie.
Wm. Dundas.
Thos. Wallace.
Chas. Geo., Id. Arden.
Thos. Pelham.
Edwd. Golding.

July 12, 1802.
Robt., vise. Castlereagh,

pres.
Jas. , D of ^lontroso.
Sylvester, Id. Glenbervie.
Wm. Dundas.
Thos. Wallace.
Chas. Geo., Id. Arden.
Edwd. Golding.

Oct. 22, 1803.
Rout., vise. Castlereagh,

pies.
Sylvester, Id. Glenbervie.
Thos. Wallace.
Edwd. Golding.
Hon. Thos. Maitlnnd.

May 31, 1804.

Robt., vise. Castlereagh,
pres.

Sylvester, now vise. Glen-
bervie.

Thos. Wallace.

Richd. Trench, vise. Dunlo,
aft. E. of Clancarty.

Feb. 12, 1806.
Gilbert, Id. Minto, aft. E.

of Minto, pres.
Geo., vise. Morpeth.
John Hiley Addington.
John Sullivan.

July 16, 1806.
Thos. Grenville, pres.
Geo. , vise. Morpeth.
John Hiley Addington.
John Sullivan.
John Joshua, E. of Carys-
fort.

Oct. 1, 1806.
Geo. Tiebney, pres.
Geo., vise. Morpeth, aft. E.

of Carlisle.
John Hiley Addington.
John Sullivan.
John Joshua, E. of Carys-

fort.

April 6, 1807.
RoBT. Dundas, pres.
Geo., Id. Lovaine.
John, Id. Teignmouth.
Thos. Wallace.
Geo. Johnstone.

July 17, 1809.
Dudley, E. of Haiirowby,

) res.
Robt. Dundas.
Goo., Id. Lovaine.
John, Id. Teignmouth.
Thos. Wallace.
Thos., Id. Binning.

Nov. 13, 1809.
Rt)BT. Dundas, pros.
Geo., Id. Lovaine.
John, Id. Teignmouth.
Thos. Wallace.
Lord Fras. Almaric Speneor.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

253

July 7, 1810.
ROBT. DuNDAS, pres.
Geo., Id. Lovaine.
John, Id. Teignmouth.
Thos. Wallace.
Wm., vise. Lowthei-

April 7, 1812.

ROBT., E. of BUCIUNGIIAM-

SHIEE, pres.
Geo., Id. Lovaine.
John, Id. Teignmouth.
Thos. Wallace.
Wm. , viae. Lowther.
John Sullivan.

Sept. 8, 1812.
RoBT., E. of Buckingham-
shire, pres.
John, Id. Teignmouth.
Thos. Wallace.
Wm., vise. Lowther.
John Sullivan.
Hy., Id. Apsley.

Sept. 7, 1814.
RoBT., E. of Buckingham-
shire, pres.
John, Id. Teignmouth.
Thos. Wallace.
Wm., vise. Lowther.
John Sullivan.
Hy., Id. Apsley.
Thos., Id. Binning.
Wm. Sturges Bourne.

June 20, 1816.
Geo. Canning, pres.
John, Id. Teignmouth.
Wm., vise. Lowther.
John Sullivan.
Hy,, Id. Apsley.
Thos.. Id. Binning.

June 17, 1818.
Geo. Canning, pres.
John, Id. Teignmouth.
John SulUvan.
Thos., Id. Binning.
Wm. Sturges Bourne.
Jas. Brownlow Wm., vise,

Cranborne.
Horatio. Id. Walpole.

King George IV.
Jan. 16, 1821.
Chas. Bathurst, pres.
John, Id. Teignmouth,
John Sullivan.
Thos., Id. Binning, aft. E.

of Haddington.
Wm. Sturges Bourne.

Jas. Brownlow Wm., vise.

Cranborne.
Horatio, Id. Walpole, aft.

E. of Orford,

Feb. 8, 1822, G.

Chas. Watkin Williams

Wynn, pres.
John, Id. Teignmouth.
John Sullivan.
Jas. Brownlow Wm., vise.

Cranborne, aft. M. of

Salisbury.
Wm. Hy. Fremantle.
Sir Geo. Warrender. bt.
Jos. Phillimore.

June 2, 1826, G.
Chas. Watkin Williams

Wynn, pres.
Jas. Brownlow Wm , il. of

Salisbury.
John, Id. Teignmouth.
John Sullivan.
Sir Geo. Warrender, bt.
Jos. Phillimore.
Wm. Yates Peel.

June 4, 1827.
Chas. Watkin Williams

Wynn, pres.
John, Id. Teignmouth.
John Sullivan.
Sir Geo. Warrender, bt.
Jos. Phillimore.
Sir Jas. Macdonald, bt.

Feb. 7, 1828.
RoBT. DuNDAS, vise. Mel-
ville, pres.
Thos., Id. Wallace.
John Sullivan.
Anthy., Id. Ashley.
Jas. , M. of Graham.
Laurence Peel.

July 31, 1828.
RoBT. , vise. Melville,

pres.
Thos. , Id. Wallace.
John Sullivan.
Anthy., Id. Ashley.
Jas., M. of Graham.
Laurence Peel.
Thos. Peregrine Courtenay.

Sept. 24, 1828.
Edwd., Id. Ellenborough,

pres.
Thos.. Id. Wallace.
John Sullivan.
Anthy., Id. Ashley.

Jas., M. of Graham.

Laurence Peel.

Thos. Peregrine Courtenay.

Feb. 24, 1830.
Edwd., Id. Ellenborough,

pres.
John Sullivan.
Anthy., Id. Ashley.
Jas., M. of Graham.
Thos. Peregrine Courtenay.
Geo. Banks.

King William IV.
Dec. 6, 1830.
Chas. Grant, pres.
Chas. Watkin Williams.

Wynn.
John Sullivan.
Sir Jas. Macdonald, bt.
Sir Jas. Mackintosh.
Robt. Grant.
Hy. Ellis.

July 28, 1832.
Chas. Grant, pres.
Chas. Watkin Williams.

Wynn.
John Sullivan.
Robt. Grant.
Hy. Ellis.
Holt Mackenzie.
Robt. Gordon.
Thos. Babington Macaulay.

Dec. 21, 1832.

Chas. Grant, aft. Id.
Glenelg, pres.

John Sullivan.

Robt. Grant.

Hy. Elhs.

Holt Mackenzie.

Robt. Gordon.

Jas. Ales. Stewart Mac-
kenzie.

Dec. 20, 1834.
Edwd. , Id. Ellenborough,

pres.
John Sullivan.
Jos. Planta.
Sir Alexr. Craj' Grant.

April 29, 1835.
Sir John Hobhouse, bt.,

pres.
John Sullivan.
Sir Chas. Cockerell, bt.

Queen Victoria.

July 21, 1837.

Sir John Hobhouse, bt.,

pres.
John Sullivan.

HoA

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Presidents of the Boabd op Contbol.

1841. Edwd. Id., aft. E. of Ellenborough,
u<j(tin, Sept. 9, G.
Wm. Vesey Fitzgerald, lord Fitz-
gerald and Vesci, Oct. 28.

1843. Fredk. John, E. of Ripon, May
23.

184G. Sir John Hobhouse, bt., again, July
10.

1852. Fox Maule, aft. Id. Panmure and E.
of Dalhousie, Feb. 5, G.
Office abolished by 21 & 22 Vict. cap. 106. Vide supra ; Secretary of State for India

substituted. See that title, ante, p. 236.

1852. John Chas. Herries, Feb. 28, G.

Sir Chas. Wood, bt., aft. vise. Hali-
fax, Dec. 30, G.

1855. Robt. Vernon Smith, aft. Id. Lyre-
den, Mar. 3, G.

1858. Edwd., E. of Ellenborough, again,
Mar. 6, G.

1858. Edwd. Hy., Id. Stanley, aft. E. of
Derby, June 5, G.

SeCEETAEIES to the BoAED op CoNTROIi.

1784.
1791.
1793.
1803.
1804.
1800.
1807.
1810.
1812.

1829.
1830.

1831.
1832.

1833.
1834.

1834.
1835.

1835.

C. W. Broughton Rouse, Sept. 8.

Hy. Beaufoy, May 10.

Wm. Brodcrick, July 3.

Benjn. Hobhouse, aft. sir B. , Nov. 19.

Geo. Peter Holford, May 22.

Thos. Creevy, Feb. 14.

Geo. Peter Holford, again, Apr. 8.

Sir Patrick Murray, Jan. 6.

John Bruce, Mar. 14.

Thos. Peregrine Courtenay, Aug. 20.

Geo. Bankes, May 2.

Hon. John Stuart Wortley, aft. Id.

Wharncliffe, Feb. 16.
Dudley, Id. Sandon, aft. E. of

Harrowby, Dec. 18.
Thos. Hyde'Villiers, May 18.
Thos. Babington Macaulay, aft. Id.

Macaulay, Dec. 19.

I Robt. Gordon, Dec. 26, and
Jas. Alexr. Stewart Mackenzie,
Apr. 22 ; joint sees,
j Winthrop M. Praed, Dec. 20 and
j Hon. Sidney Herbert, aft. Id. Her-
( bert of Lea, Jan. 8 ; joint sees.

IRobt. Gordon, again, and
Robt. Vernon Smith, aft. Id. Lyve-
den, Apr. 21.

Office abolished by 21 & 22

(Edwd. Adolphs., Id. Seymour, and
1889. nVm. Clav. aft. sirW., bt., Sept.

( 30.
1841. Chas. Buller, vice Id. Seymour,
June 21.

(Jas. Emerson Tennent, aft. sir J.,
and
Hon. Wm. Bingham Baring, Id.
Ashburton, Sept. 8.
(Robt., vise. Jocelyn, Feb. 17.
(Philip Hy., vise. Mahon, Aug. 5.
Geo. Stevens Byng, aft. vise. En-
field and E. of Strafford, and
Thos. Wyse, July 6.
Geo. Comewall Lewis, aft. sir G., bt.,
Nov. 30, rice Byng.

1848. Jas. Wilson, May 16, vice Lewis.

1849. Hon. John Edm'und Elliot, Jan. 26,

vice Wyse.
(Hy. Jas. Baillie, and
( Chas. Lennox Gumming Bruce, Mar.

IRobt. Lowe, aft. vise. Sherbrooke,
and
Sir Thos. N. Redington. Dec.
Hy. Danby ScjTuour, i-ice Lowe.
Sir Geo. Russell Clerk, k.c.b., vice
Redington.

Vict, cap. 106. Vide supra.

1841.

1845.

1846.
1847.

185i

1852.

1855,

1857,

VICE-PRESIDENTS OF THE COMMITTEE OF THE PRIVY
COUNCIL FOR EDUCATION IN ENGLAND AND
WALES.

Annual grants in aid of education were first made in 1834, and a com-
mittee of the j)rivy council to superintend the distribution of these
grants was first ajipointed Jan. 20, 1846. The lord president of the
council is president of this committee, and from Feb. 1857, a vice-
president has been from time to time appointed. The management of
the Education Dejjartmeut is practically in his hands, he is the repre-
sentative of the dejiartment in i)arliament, his oflice is a political one,
and he retires with his party.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

255

VlCE-PnESIDENTS OF THE COMMITTEE OP THE PrIVY CoUNCIL FOR

Education in England and Wales.

1857.
1858.

1859.
1864.

1866.
1867.

1868.

Hon. Wm. Eras. Cowper, Feb. 5, G.
Chas. Bowyer Adderley, aft. sir C,

bt., and Id. Norton, Mar. 12,

G.
Robt. Lowe, aft. vise. Sherbrooke,

June 24, G.
Hy. Austin Bruce, aft. Id. Aberdare,

Apr.
Hy. Thos. Lowry Corry, July 12, G.
Robt. Montagu, c.c. Id. Robt.

Montagu, Mar. 19.
Wm. Edwd. Forster, Dec. 9.

1874. Dudley Eras. Stuart Ryder, c.c.

vise. Sandon, Mar. 2.
1878. Geo. Eras. Hamilton, c.c. Id. Geo.

Hamilton, Apr. 4.
1880. Antbonv John Mundella, May 3.

1885. Hon. Edwd. Stanhope, June 29, G.
Sir Hy. Thurstan Holland, bt. ,

K.C.M.G., aft. Id. Knutsford,
Sept. 17.

1886. Sir Lyon Playfair, k.c.b., Feb. 6.
Sir H. T. Holland, again, Aug. 6.

1887. Sir Wm. Hart Dyke,"bt.. Jan. 24.
'5M;i, AiK., kufU- hlu 'X<^i^cL,X,c,

PRESIDENTS OF THE BOARD OF HEALTH.

Boards of Health appear to have been first established by orders in
council, dated June 21, Nov. 14, and Nov. 21, 1831, made under 6 Geo.
IV. cap. 78. In 1848, under 11 & 12 Vict. cap. 63, a " General Board
of Health " was created, consisting of the first commissioner of
woods, forests, &c., as president, and two other members appointed by
the crown. In 1854, under 17 & 18 Vict. cap. 95, the " General Board
of Health" was reconstituted, and thenceforth consisted of a president
appointed by the crown and a board composed of the secretaries of
state and the president and vice-president of the Board of Trade. In
1858 the powers of the Board were transferred to the privy council
under 21 & 22 Vict, cap. 97, and in 1871 these powers were (inter alia)
again transferred to the Local Government Board under 34 & 35 Vict,
-cap. 70.

Presidents op the General Board of Health from its
Reconstruction in 1854.

1854. SirBenjn. Hall, bt., aft. Id. Llan-

over, Oct. 14, G.

1855. Hon.Wm. Eras. Cowper, Aug. 13, G.
1857. Wm. Monsell, aft. lord Emly, Feb.

9, G.

1857. Hon. Wm. Eras. Cowper, again,

Sept. 24, G.

1858. Chas. Bowyer Adderley, aft. sir C,

bt. , and Id. Norton, Mar. 8, G.

Powers transferred to the Privy Council and
Board. Vide supi-a.

uently to Local Government

THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT BOAED.

This Board was established in 1871 under 34 & 35 Vict. cap. 70, and in
it were vested all the powers of the Poor Law Board, which thenceforth
oeased to exist, and also all the powers of the home secretary and the
privj council in matters of public health, local government, &c.

256

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

Presidents of the Local Government Board.

1871. Jas. Starififeld, Aug. 19.

1874. Geo. Sclater Booth, Mar. 2.

1880. John Goo. Dodson, May 3.

1882. Sir Ghas. Went worth Dilke, bt., Dec

28.

1885. Arthur Jas. Balfour, June 24.

L886. Jos. Chamberlain. Feb. G.

Jas. Stansfeld, (tqain, Apr. 3.
Chas. Thomson Ritchie. Aur- 3.

Parliamentary Secretaeies to the Local Government Board.

1871. John Tomlinson Hibbert, Aug.

1874. Clare Sewell Read, Feb.

1876. Thos. Salt.

1880. John Tomlinson Hibbert. again,

May.
1883. Geo. Wm. Erskine Russell.

1885. Adelbert Wellington Brownlow, E.

Brownlow, June.

1886. Jesse CoUings, Feb.

Wm. Copeland Borlase, Apr.
Walter Hume Long, Aug.

Permanent Secretaries to the Local Government Board.

1871. John Lambert, aft. sir J., k.c.b., and

Hy. Fleming ; jointly till 1876 ; then Lambert alone.
1882. Hugh Owen, aft. Sir 11., k.c.b.

TREASURERS OF THE NAVY.

This office was abolished Dec. 1, 18o6, by 5 & 6 Will. IV. cap 35.
See *' Payniiisters-Geueral," ante, p. 243.

Treasurers op the Navy, from the Restoration.

1660.
1667.

1672.

1673.
1681,
1689.

1699,
1710.

1711.
1714.
1718.
1720.

1724.

1727.
1734.
1742.

1743.
1744.
1749.

Sir Geo. Carteret, bt.

Arthur, vise. Valentia, in Ireland,

and E. of Anglesey.
Sir Thos. Osborne, bt., aft. vise.

Dumblane, E. of Danby, M. of

Carmarthen and D. of Leeds.
Sir Edwd. Seymour, bt.
Anthy., vise. Falkland, June 24.
Edwd. Russol, aft. E. of Orford,

Apr. 8.
Sir Thos. Littleton, bt., May 29.
Robt. Walpole, aft. sir R. and E. of

Orford, Jan. 21.
Chas. Caisar, June 8.
John Aislabie, Oct. 15.
Richd. Hampden, Mar. 27.
Sir Geo. Byng, bt., aft. vise. Tor-

rington, Oct. 24.
Hon. Pattee Byng, his son, aft. vise.

Torrington, Apr. IH.
The same, by a new patent, Aug. 12.
Arthur Onslow, Apr. 20.
Hon. Thos. Clutterbuck, May 17.
Sir Chas. Wager, Doc. 20.
Sir .John Rusliout, bt., Dec. 24.
Geo. Dodington, Dec. 29.
Hon. Hy. Bilson Leggo, May 3.

1754.
1756.

1761.
1762,

1765.
1770.
1777.

1783,

1784,

IHOO.
ISOl,
1803,
1H04,
1806,
1807,
1818.

Geo. Grenville, Apr. 4.

Geo. Dodington, again, Jan. 13 ; aft.

Id. Melcombe.
Geo. Grenville, again, Nov. 25.
The same by a new patent. Mar. 18.
Wm. Wildman, vise. Barrington,

June 2.
Richd. , vise. Howe, Aug. 9.
Sir Gilbert Elliot, bt.. Mar. 19.
Welbore Ellis, aft. Id. Mendip, June

12.
Isaac Barre, Apr. 10.
Hy. Dundas, Aug. 19.
Chas. Townshend, Apr. 11.
Hy. Dundas. again, Jan. 5, aft. vise.

Melville, held the office upwards

of sixteen years.
Hon. Dudley Ryder, June 2.
Chas. Braggc, Nov. 21.
Goo. Tierney, June 3.
(lOo. Canning, May 29.
Richd. Brinsloy Sheridan, Feb. 22.
Geo. Rose, Ajir. 15.
Frodk. .John Robinson, aft. vise.

Goderich, and E. of Ripon, Fob.

12.
Wm. Iluskisson, Feb. 8.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

257

1827. Chas. Grant, aft. Id. Glenelg, Sept.

10.

1828. Wm. Fitzgerald Vesey Fitzgerald, aft.

Id. Fitzgerald and Vesci ; Feb. 25.
1830. Thos. Frankland Lewis, Feb. 25.

Chas. Poiilet Thompson, aft. Id.
Sydenham, Dec. 13.

1834. Wm., vise. Lo-wther, aft. E. of Lons-

dale, Dec. 27.

1835. Sir Hy. Parnell, bt., aft. Id. Congle-

ton, Apr. 22.
Sir Hy. Parnell became paym.-gen.
when this office ceased.

COMPTROLLERS AND SURVEYORS OF THE NAVY.

Com

PTROLLERS.

1688. SirRichd. Haddock, aft. adm., Sept.

30.
1714. Sir Chas. Wager, aft. adm., Feb. 17.
1718. Thos. Swanton, Mar. 26.
1722. Jas. Mighells, Jan. 18.
1733. Richd. Haddock, jun., Mar. 27.
1749. Savage Mostyn, aft. adm.. Mar. 22.

1755. Edwd. Falkingham, Feb. 6.

Chas. Saunders, aft. adm., Nov. 14.

1756. Digby Dent, June 4.
Geo. Gockburne, Dec. 29.

1770. Hiigh Palliser, aft. adm. sir H.,

Aug. 1.
1775. Maurice Suckling, aft. adm., Apr. 5.

1778. Chas. Middleton, aft. adm. sir 0,,

bt. , July 18 ; cr. Id. Barham in

1805.
1790. Sir Hy. Martin, bt.. Mar. 13.
1794. Sir Andi-ew Snape Hamond, bt., Aug.

30.
1806. Hy. Nicholls, Feb. 19.

Sir Thos. Boulden Thompson, bt.,

aft. adm., June 7.
1816. Sir Thos. Byam Martin, k.c.b., adm.,

Feb. 9.
1831. Adm. Hon. Geo. Heneage Lawrence

Dundas, Nov. 2. Patent revoked

June 9, 1832.

By 2 Will. IV. cap. 40 (June 1, 1832) the Navy and Victualling
Boards and the offices of Commissioners of Navy and Victualling and
Comptroller of the Navy were abolished, and in lieu thereof were
appointed five " Principal Officers," viz. :

The Surveyor of the Navy.
Accountant- General of the Navy.
Storekeeper-General.

Comptroller of Victualling, and
Medical Director-General.

To these other dej)artments were afterwards added.

Surveyors.

1668. Sir John Tippetts, Sept. 80.

1692. Edmd. Dummer, June 25.

1699. Danl. Furzer, Sept. 22.

1706. Wm. Lee, Sept. 9.

1715. Jacob Ackworth, aft. sir J., Mar.

30.
1746. Joseph Allin, aft. sir J., June

16.

1755. jS'°^-J^l''f ' ^'^'^l Aug. 6.
(Wm. Bateley. ) ^

,^r.f- (Thos.Slade, aft. sir T., and) June

'■""'■ t John Williams. | 22.

1771. John Williams, aft. sir J., with two

assistants.

1793. Sir Wm. Rule, Jan. 26.
1806. Sir Hy. Peake, June 7.
1Q10 (Jos. Tucker, and > -mr „^
1^13-isirRobt. Seppings. ^ ^^J ^'^'

Jos. Tucker superanuated Mar.

1831 ; and sir Robt. Seppings,

June 1832.
1832. Sir Wm. Symonds, June 9.
1848. Sir Baldwin W. Walker, k.c.b.,

Feb. 5.

17

258 THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

In 1860 the office of Comptroller of the Navy was revived.
CoMPTEOLLERS — Continued.

1860. R.-adm. sir Baldwin W. Walker, bt.,

K.C.B.

18G1. R.-adm. Robt. Spencer Robinson,

aft. sir R. and v.-adm.
1871. Capt. Robt. Hall, c.b.

1872. R.-adm. Wm. Houston Stewart, C.B.,

aft. sir W. and v.-adm.
1881. R.-adm. Thos. E. Brandreth.
1885. V.-adm. Wm. Graham, c.b., aft. sir

W. K.C.B.

THE BOARD OF ORDNANCE.

The Ordnance Department is of very great antiquity. A master of the
Ordnance is mentioned temp. Richard III., and a clerk of the Ordnance
as early as 1418. Henry VIII. constituted a Board of Ordnance by
adding to the master and clerk a lieutenant, a surveyor, a storekeeper,
and a clerk of the cheque. In 1604 James I. dignified the master and
lieutenant with the style of master- general and lieutenant-general. The
clerk of the cheque was abolished many years ago, and the lieutenant-
general in 1831, but this latter office was revived for a short time in
1854.

By letters patent of May 25, 1855 (G.) the appointments of master-
general, lieutenant-general, and principal storekeeper of the Ordnance
were revoked, and the civil administration of the army and Ordnance
vested in lord Panmure, the then secretary of state for war. The Act 18
& 19 Vict. cap. 117 (Aug. 14, 1855) recites these letters patent and vests
all statutory powers, lands, &c., of the principal officers of Ordnance in
the secretary of state for war.

The office of surveyor-general of the Ordnance was abolished about
the same time, but was revived with somewhat different duties, by 33
& 34 Vict. cap. 17 (June 28, 1870).

Masters-General of the Ordnance.

Queen Elizabeth.
1596. Robt. E. of Essex ; beheaded.

King James I.
1603. Ghas., E. of Devonshire.
1609. Geo., E. of Totnes.

1628. Sir Richd. Morrison.

King Charles I.
1028. Sir Thos. Stafford.

1629. Horatio, Id. Vore, of Tilbury.
1634. Montjoy Blount, E. of Newport.

King Charles II
1060. Sir. Wm. Compton.

rJohn, Id. Bcrkelej'.
1665. < Sir John Duncoinbo,

(Sir Tlios. Chicholoy
1070. Sir Thos. Chicheloy.
1074. Sir John Chicholoy.

Com-
missioners.

Com-

(Sir John Chicheley. )
1679. -,' Sir Wm. Hickman. y

]sirChristr.Musgrave.j '"•ss'°°«rs-
1681. Geo. Legge, aft. Id. Dartmouth.

William and Mabt.
1689. Fredk., D. of Schomborg.
1693. Hy. vise. Sydney, aft. E. of Romnoy.

Queen Anne.
1702. .John, K. , aft. D. of Marlborough,

July 1.
1712. Richd., E. Rivers. Jan. 1.
1712. Jas., D. of Hnniilton and Brandon,

July 1 ; killed in a duel, Nov. 15,

same year.

King George I.

1714. John, D. of Marlborough, again,

Oct. 1.
1722. Wm., E. Cadogan, July 1.

THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES.

259

1725.

1740.
1742.
1743.
1756.
1759.

1763.

1772.

1782.

1783.

1795.
1801.
1806.

John, D. of Argyll and Greenwich,
Julyl.

EliNG George II.

John, D. of Montagu, July 1.

John, D. of Argyll, again.

John, D. of